Mount Everest Base Camp and Gokyo Lakes Langtang Ri Trekking & Expedition
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Thermal and Physical Investigations Into Lake Deepening Processes on Spillway Lake, Ngozumpa Glacier, Nepal
water Article Thermal and Physical Investigations into Lake Deepening Processes on Spillway Lake, Ngozumpa Glacier, Nepal Ulyana Nadia Horodyskyj Science in the Wild, 40 S 35th St. Boulder, CO 80305, USA; [email protected] Academic Editors: Daene C. McKinney and Alton C. Byers Received: 15 March 2017; Accepted: 15 May 2017; Published: 22 May 2017 Abstract: This paper investigates physical processes in the four sub-basins of Ngozumpa glacier’s terminal Spillway Lake for the period 2012–2014 in order to characterize lake deepening and mass transfer processes. Quantifying the growth and deepening of this terminal lake is important given its close vicinity to Sherpa villages down-valley. To this end, the following are examined: annual, daily and hourly temperature variations in the water column, vertical turbidity variations and water level changes and map lake floor sediment properties and lake floor structure using open water side-scan sonar transects. Roughness and hardness maps from sonar returns reveal lake floor substrates ranging from mud, to rocky debris and, in places, bare ice. Heat conduction equations using annual lake bottom temperatures and sediment properties are used to calculate bottom ice melt rates (lake floor deepening) for 0.01 to 1-m debris thicknesses. In areas of rapid deepening, where low mean bottom temperatures prevail, thin debris cover or bare ice is present. This finding is consistent with previously reported localized regions of lake deepening and is useful in predicting future deepening. Keywords: glacier; lake; flood; melting; Nepal; Himalaya; Sherpas 1. Introduction Since the 1950s, many debris-covered glaciers in the Nepalese Himalaya have developed large terminal moraine-dammed supraglacial lakes [1], which grow through expansion and deepening on the surface of a glacier [2–4]. -
Sagarmatha National Park Nepal
SAGARMATHA NATIONAL PARK NEPAL This majestically scenic mountain park of snow-covered peaks, gorges and glaciers dominated by the highest mountain on Earth is geologically interesting and its wilderness values are outstanding. The Dudh Kosi valley is home to the unique culture of the Sherpas and is an ecological unit of biological, socio-economic and religious importance. Rare animals such as snow leopard and red panda live in the Park. However, degradation from the increasing pressures of tourism and mountaineering is of growing concern. COUNTRY Nepal NAME Sagarmatha National Park STATEMENT OF OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUE [pending] NATURAL WORLD HERITAGE SITE 1979: Inscribed on the World Heritage List under Natural Criterion vii. INTERNATIONAL DESIGNATION 2007: Gokyo and Associated Lakes designated a Wetland of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention (7,770 ha). IUCN MANAGEMENT CATEGORY II National Park BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PROVINCE Himalayan Highlands (2.38.12) GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION In the Himalayan Mountains on the border with the Tibetan Autonomous Region of China in the upper catchment of the Dudh Kosi river 140 km east of Kathmandu, centred on 27o57’55”N by 86o54’47”E. DATES AND HISTORY OF ESTABLISHMENT 1976: Created a National Park; 2002: Buffer zone added (27,500 ha); 2007: Gokyo lakes designated a Ramsar site. LAND TENURE State. Many of the resident Sherpas have legal title to houses, agricultural land and summer grazing lands (Jefferies, 1984). The Park is administered by the Sagarmarha National Park Authority of the Department of National Parks & Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC). 1 AREA 114,800 ha. The Park adjoins Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area (233,000ha) in Nepal and Qomolangma Biosphere Reserve in the Tibetan Autonomous Region of China (1,823,591ha). -
The Role of Sherpa Culture in Nature Conservation
The Role of SHERPA CULTURE in NATURE CONSERVATION Copyright © Khumbu Sherpa Culture Conservation Society www.khumbusherpaculture.org Book : The Role of Sherpa Culture in Nature Conservation Publisher : Khumbu Sherpa Culture Conservation Society (KSCCS) Published Year : 2073 B.S. Edition : First Writer & Photographer : Tenzing Tashi Sherpa Typing & Translation : Tsherin Ongmu Sherpa Editor : Professor Stan Stevens, Ph.D. Design, Layout & Print : Digiscan Pre-press Pvt. Ltd., Naxal, Kathmandu The Role of SHERPA CULTURE in NATURE CONSERVATION Table of Contents 1. The Role of Sherpa Culture in Nature Conservation 1 Khumbu is a Sherpa Community Conserved Area 2 Sacred Himalayas 3 Sacred Lakes - Gokyo Lake 5 Springs 9 Religious Conserved Forests 10 Community Conserved Forest 11 Bird Conservation Area 12 Grazing Management Areas for Livestock 12 Conservation Tradition 13 Nawa System for Conservation 14 The Rules of Singhki Nawa (Wood Custodian) 14 The Custom of the Lhothok Nawa (Crop and Pastures Custodian) 15 The Work and the Duty Term of the Nawa and Worshyo 17 Yulthim (Community Assembly) 18 The Rules and Laws of Community 19 Short Story by Reincarnated Lama Ngawang Tenzing Zangbu about Nawa 20 The Sacred Worship Areas of Sherpas 21 Nangajong 21 Worshyo 22 Pangboche 23 Places in Between Fungi Thyanga Bridge and Pangboche Bridge 25 Khumjung and Khunde 29 Khumbu’s Chortens 33 Agriculture of Khumbu 35 Mountains Around Khumbu 38 2. The Role of KSCCS in Nature Conservation 39 A. Cultural Interaction 39 B. Cultural and ICCA Educational Tour 40 1. Community Tour 40 2. Sherpa Culture and Conservation Tour for Students Organized by Khumjung by KSCCS 41 3. -
Gokyo Ri - Sagarmatha National Park Trek - 11 Days
Gokyo Ri - Sagarmatha National Park Trek - 11 Days Trip Facts Destination Nepal Duration 11 Days Group Size 2-30 Trip Code DWTKO15 Grade Challenging Activity Everest Treks Region Everest Region Max. Altitude 5,430m Gokyo Ri Nature of Trek Lodge to Lodge Trekking Activity per Day Approximately 4-6 hrs walking Accomodation Hotel/Lodge/ Tea House during the trek Start / End Point Kathmandu / Kathmandu Meals Included All Meals (Breakfast, Lunch & Dinner) during the trek Best Season Feb, Mar, Apri, May, June, Sep, Oct, Nov & Dec Transportation Domestic flight (lukla-Ktm-Lukla) and private vehicle (Transportation) A Leading Himalayan Trekking & Adventure Specialists TRULY YOUR TRUSTED NEPAL’S TRIP OPERATOR. Reaching one of the highest-situated settlements in the world accompanied by beautiful lakes and rivers, majestic mountains (Gokyo Ri in Sagarmatha National park), dense forests, the trail to Gokyo lakes... Discovery World Trekking would like to recommend all our valuable clients to arrive in Kathmandu a day before our '11 Days Gokyo Lake Trek'. Make sure to attend our official briefing a day before the trek. The primary motive for the meeting is to give you proper guidance and vital information about the trek. Secondarily, we recheck all the equipment for your comfortable journey. We ensure that you have all the supplies needed for the trek. This pre-meeting will give a clear idea about the necessary supplies and challenges you may face during the trek. It will be a kind of motivational seminar for you to be outfitted and energized about the trek. Additionally, it is recommended to put a margin of 1 or 2 days extra. -
Everest & Gokyo
EVEREST & GOKYO PHOTOGRAPHY WORKSHOP OCTOBER 16 – NOVEMBER 1, 2015 TIBET Cho Oyo (CHINA) TIBET (CHINA) TIBET (CHINA) KHUMBU Mt Everest Lobuche Gokyo Ri East Gokyo Lhotse Nuptse SAGARMATHA NATIONAL PARK Machhermo Island Peak Thare Ama Lhabarma Dablam Phortse Tenga Pangboche Thame Khumjung Tengboche Namche Bazaar Phakding Lukla To and From Kathmandu Region Everest Trek grade Moderate/Adventurous ITINERARY at A GLANCE Start/FInish point Kathmandu Group size Minimum 4, Maximum 8 Type of trek Lodge/Teahouse Duration 17 days DAY 1 Arrive in Kathmandu. Max. Alt 5360m Transfer to hotel. Sightseeing. DAY 2 Sightseeing in Kathmandu. Prepare for the trek. WORKSHOP COST DAY 3 Fly to Lukla / trek to Phakding US $4,000 per person DAY 4 Trek to Namche Bazaar DAY 5 Exploration day WORKSHOP HIGHLIGHTS DAY 6 Trek to Phortse Tenga • accompanied by 2 professional photographers DAY 7 Trek to Lhabarma • student to teacher ratio 4:1 DAY 8 Trek to Machermo • small group with personalized attention DAY 9 Trek To Gokyo • short hiking days allowing for plenty of photography time DAY 10 Gokyo exploration day • daily critique of your photography DAY 11 Trek to Thare • explore and immerse in both culture and landscapes of Nepal DAY 12 Trek to Pangboche • mask dances at the Mani Rimdu Festival in Tengboche monastery DAY 13 Trek to Tengboche • stunning views of Himalayas mountians DAY 14 Trek to Namche • ascending Gokyo Ri and incredible panorama views of the world’s DAY 15 Trek to Lukla highest mountains including Everest DAY 16 Fly to Kathmandu • climbing the remote valley trail to Gokyo and its sacred glacial lakes DAY 17 Depart to international destination • In Kathmandu - Boudhanath Stupa and Monkey Temple EVEREST & GOKYO PHOTOGRAPHY WORKSHOP OCTOBER 16 – NOVEMBER 1, 2015 CHECK OUT LAST YEAR’S WORKHOP VIDEO! CLICK HERE Join us on a unique opportunity to experience Nepal through This trek includes, daily photographic sessions, group and the eyes of a photographer. -
Everest Base Camp & the Sacred Lakes of Gokyo
EVEREST BASE CAMP & THE SACRED LAKES OF GOKYO En-route to Everest Base © Ann Foulkes, trekMountains Land-only duration: 22 days Grade: Demanding / Strenuous Trekking days: 17 days Max altitude: 5623m Price: From £1645 We can run this on dates to suit you for a minimum group size of 1. Dates: The 2 main trekking seasons in Nepal are Spring and Autumn. Contact us at [email protected] with your preferred dates tel (UK): +44 7713 628763 tel (outside UK): +39 338 500 9540 email: [email protected] web: www.trekmountains.com skype ID: trekMountains Trek description Our trip takes in the all the best parts of trip to the Everest region: Kala Patar, Everest Base Camp, the Cho La Pass, the turquoise holy lakes at Gokyo and the sublime view of Everest and a host of other Khumbu peaks from the summit of Gokyo Ri across the Ngozumpa glacier. We spend time acclimatising on our ascent via the Gokyo valley, which is much quieter than our descent which is down the Khumbu valley. This trek is harder than the classic Everest Base Camp & Kala Pattar trip as more time is spent above 5000m. The Cho La is not a technical pass, it is a high pass subject to changes in weather conditions and is suited to those who are comfortable in a mountain environment. The pass does involve some scrambling over big boulders. After the pass, you descend onto a section of ice, and for this reason you should take a walking ice axe and crampons that will fit onto your trekking boots. -
Glacial Lake Outburst Floods Risk Reduction Activities in Nepal
Glacial lake outburst floods risk reduction activities in Nepal Samjwal Ratna BAJRACHARYA [email protected] International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) PO Box 3226 Kathmandu Nepal Abstract: The global temperature rise has made a tremendous impact on the high mountainous glacial environment. In the last century, the global average temperature has increased by approximately 0.75 °C and in the last three decades, the temperature in the Nepal Himalayas has increased by 0.15 to 0.6 °C per decade. From early 1970 to 2000, about 6% of the glacier area in the Tamor and Dudh Koshi sub-basins of eastern Nepal has decreased. The shrinking and retreating of the Himalayan glaciers along with the lowering of glacier surfaces became visible after early 1970 and increased rapidly after 2000. This coincides with the formation and expansion of many moraine-dammed glacial lakes, leading to the stage of glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF). The past records show that at least one catastrophic GLOF event had occurred at an interval of three to 10 years in the Himalayan region. Nepal had already experienced 22 catastrophic GLOFs including 10 GLOFs in Tibet/China that also affected Nepal. The GLOF not only brings casualties, it also damages settlements, roads, farmlands, forests, bridges and hydro-powers. The settlements that were not damaged during the GLOF are now exposed to active landslides and erosions scars making them high-risk areas. The glacial lakes are situated at high altitudes of rugged terrain in harsh climatic conditions. To carry out the mitigation work on one lake costs more than three million US dollars. -
Front Matter Template
Copyright by Marcelo Arturo Somos Valenzuela 2014 The Dissertation Committee for Marcelo Arturo Somos Valenzuela Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Vulnerability and Decision Risk Analysis in Glacier Lake Outburst Floods (GLOF). Case Studies: Quillcay Sub Basin in the Cordillera Blanca in Peru and Dudh Koshi Sub Basin in the Everest Region in Nepal Committee: Daene C. McKinney, Supervisor David R. Maidment Ben R. Hodges Ginny A. Catania Randall J. Charbeneau Vulnerability and Decision Risk Analysis in Glacier Lake Outburst Floods (GLOF). Case Studies: Quillcay Sub Basin in the Cordillera Blanca in Peru and Dudh Koshi Sub Basin in the Everest Region in Nepal by Marcelo Arturo Somos Valenzuela, B.S; M.S.E. DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN AUGUST, 2014 Dedication To my mother Marina Victoria Valenzuela Reyes for showing me that I could always achieve a little more. A mi madre Marina Victoria Valenzuela Reyes por mostrarme que siempre podia lograr un poco mas. Acknowledgements There are many people to whom I want to thank for this achievement. I start with my children Sebastian and Antonia for their patience and unconditional love despite the difficult times we have experienced in the last 5 years, I hope that someday this achievement will lead to better opportunities for you and justify to be apart for all these years. Thank to my fiancée, Stephanie, for her love, for her tenacity and intelligence that inspire me, but most of all for giving me our beautiful son Julian whose smile makes us happy every day. -
Management Plan 2016‒2020
SAGARMATHA NATIONAL PARK AND ITS BUFFER ZONE MANAGEMENT PLAN 2016‒2020 Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Sagarmatha National Park Office Namche Bazaar, Solukhumbu, Nepal Published by : Sagarmatha National Park Office, Namche Bazaar, Solukhumbu, Nepal Copyright : 2016, SNP- Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication must mention the title and credit the above mentioned publisher as the copyright owner. Cover Photo : Ganesh Pant, Chief Conservation Officer Design and Printing : Creative Link Pvt. Ltd., Bagbazaar, Kathmandu, Nepal Telephone: +977-1-4216913 SAGARMATHA NATIONAL PARK AND ITS BUFFER ZONE MANAGEMENT PLAN 2016‒2020 Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Sagarmatha National Park Office Namche Bazaar, Solukhumbu, Nepal Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation D e M n i n o p n G l io ti Department of Nationala is o Parks aandt a Wildlife Conservation rt tr ver ep va v m y nment of N r r e of se se nt Fo on n o rests Soil C Co f N and fe atio ildli nal Parks and W 2037 FOREWORD Sagarmatha National Park was established in 1976 with the aim of conserving endangered wildlife species, majestic landscape and local culture of the Khumbu region. In recognition of its superlative natural phenomenon, the park was listed in the World Heritage Site in 1979. The area was opened to the foreigners since 1950. The region got popularity in global community, when Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay Sherpa first climbed the Mt. -
Sample Gokyo Lakes Trek 2018
Gokyo Lakes Trek 13 days Detail Itinerary Day 1: Arrival in Kathmandu Welcome to Kathmandu, the capital and cultural hub of Nepal! We’ll be waiting to welcome you at the Tribhuvan International Airport.From there you will be transferred to the Hotel Shangrila by private vehicle.We will brief about your trip activities. You’ll have rest of the day at leisure. Overnight at Hotel. Day 2: Pre-trip meeting and sightseeing in Kathmandu After a hearty breakfast, at 8.30 am your sightseeing trip will start. You will have a private vehicle and a professional tour guide at your disposal. Today we will visit some heritages listed below: Pashupatinath: Pashupatinath Temple is one of the most significant Hindu temples of Lord Shiva in the world, located on the banks of the Bagmati River. Though you are not allowed to go inside the temple as it is strictly for Hindus only, you can clearly see the temple and the activities from the eastern bank of the BagmatiRiver. It is a square two tiered pagoda temple built on a single tier pinth which is famous all over the world. Bhaktapur Durbar Square: Visit the Bhaktapur Durbar Square, the Royal Residential Quarter of BhupatindraMalla,famous five-storied temple of Nyatapola in Pagoda style Batsalatemple, Bhairavnathtemple, Duttatrayatemple, PujariMuth and Palace of 55 windows. Boudhanath: Boudhananath is one of the holiest Buddhist sites in Kathmandu. It was built in 5th century with four pairs of eyes of Lord Buddha in four cardinal directions keeping an eternal watch over the people and their doings. -
Gokyo Valley Alpine Conservation and Restoration Field Assessment Sagarmatha National Park Buffer Zone
Gokyo Valley Assessment Report Sept 2007 Gokyo Valley Alpine Conservation and Restoration Field Assessment Sagarmatha National Park Buffer Zone By Ang Rita Sherpa Sushila Thing Report Submitted To The Mountain Institute September 2007 1 Gokyo Valley Assessment Report Sept 2007 Table of Content Page 1. Introduction 1 2. Objective: 1 3. Gokyo Valley Field Assessment 2 4. Introduction of Community Based Conservation and Restoration 3 4.1 Successful Implementation of CBCR in Imja valley 3 4.2 Replication of successful CBRT in Gokyo Valley 3 5. Tourism and Impacts in Gokyo Valley 4 6. Threats AND Opportunities 5 7. Local and National Level Program Beneficiaries 6 8. Findings 7 8.1 Fuel wood Use 8 8.2 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 8 8.3 Tourism Flow 8 8.4 Refuse Disposal 8 8.5 Sanitation in Gokyo 9 8.6 Livestock Management 9 8.7 Conservation Initiative 10 8.8 Visitor’s Accomodation 10 8.9 Machhermo Porter Shelter and Rescue Post 11 8.10 Impact of the porter shelter in Machhermo 12 8.11 Energy Use in the Gokyo Valley 13 9. Conclusion and Recommendations 14 10. Appendix One: Field Itinerary for Gokyo Alpine Assessment 14 11. Appendix Two: Description of the settlement wise 15 12 Appendix Three: Description of the lodges and teashops in Gokyo valley 16 13. Appendix Three 2 Gokyo Valley Assessment Report Sept 2007 Gokyo Valley Alpine Conservation and Restoration Field Assessment Ang Rita Sherpa Sushila Thing 1. Introduction: The Gokyo valley is uninhabited except for the summer transhumance grazing and is noted for its religious significance and sacred pilgrimage sites for centuries. -
GOKYO CHOLA PASS (Including Everest Base Camp)
GOKYO CHOLA PASS (Including Everest Base Camp) ITINERARY/ INCLUSIONS/ EXCLUSIONS Day 01: Arrive and are met at Tribhuvan International Airport. Transferred to your hotel and briefed on the process for the trip. The remainder of the day is at your leisure. We recommend trying dinner at OR2K Restaurant in the Thamel area. Day 02: Kathmandu city sightseeing. This day includes a guided tour to the Kathmandu Durbar Square (Kathmandu old town and original royal palace), Swoyambhunath which is commonly known as Monkey Temple, the Boudhanath stupa and Pasupatinath temple on the bank of the Bagmati River. The remainder of the day will be at your leisure to explore the streets of Thamel and last minute gear preparation. Day 03: Kathmandu – Lukla - Phakding Prepare for a very early breakfast, and a transfer to the airport for the flight to Lukla 2865m (40 minutes). (Note: Weather at Lukla is unpredictable and good conditions are required. Please be prepared for possible delays or cancellations. We will endeavour to get you on the next available flight if this is the case. After lunch in Lukla you start a casual trek downhill into the Dudh Kosi River Valley towards Phakding, 2650m (3 – 4 hrs) Overnight lodge stay at Phakding. Day 04: Phakding – Namche Bazaar 3434m ( 5 – 6 hrs ) Trek through blue pine forests, towards the 100m high Hillary suspension bride. You then have a long climb up to the famous town known as Namche Bazaar. The heart of the Khumbu area. Here you have an overnight stay. The town is the staging area for the entire valley and has various markets, cafes, bars, a pharmacy and convenience stores.