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Gokyo Wetland Series Sagarmatha National Park

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Gokyo Wetland Series Sagarmatha National Park Gokyo Wetland Series Sagarmatha National Park unique and representative wetland in the world's highest freshwater lake system. There are 6 main lakes in Gokyo series, out of which Thonak lake is the largest lake at 4834m followed by Gokyo. Dudh koshi is a sub- basin of Koshi River in Nepal, which feeds the Ganges river basin, safeguarding the livelihood of millions of people downstream. BIODIVERSITY VALUES: Flora: Above 80 species of flowering plants have been recorded from the Gokyo catchment. It also holds 4 endemic species of plants like Kobresia fissiglumis, K. gandakiensis, Pedicularis poluninii, P. pseudoregelina, WETLANDS OF NEPAL along with rare and vulnerable plant species, such as WETLANDS OF NEPAL Neopicrorhiza scrophulariifolia, Swertia multicaulis, Coordinates: 27º57.02' E Saussurea gossipiphora, Meconopsis horridula. 86º41.58' N Area: 42.69 ha Fauna: Wetlands birds found in Gokyo are Brahminy Length: 975m ducks (Tadorna ferruginea), Eurasian Wigeon (Anas Elevation: 4700- 5000m penelope), Northern Pintail (Anas acuta), Common Pochard (Aytha ferina), Common Coot (Fulica atra), OVERVIEW: Wood Snipe (Gallinago nemoricola), Eurasian Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola), and Great Crested HIGH ALTITUDE Gokyo is an oligotrophic lake series in the Everest Grebe (Podiceps cristatus). It is also a breeding site of HIGH ALTITUDE region. Partially fed by Ngozumpa glacier, it lies on the the at least 6 pairs of Brahminy Ducks (Tadorna head of the Dudh Koshi River which descends from ferruginea). The lower catchment is also the winter world's 7th highest mountain - Cho Oyo creating a habitat of musk deer. THREATS: n Pollution due to visitors and their supporting groups during the peak season n Over grazing during the summer season n Over harvesting of Dhupi to be used as firewood during the grazing and tourism seasons n Potential danger of Glacier Lake Outburst Flood SOCIO-CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS VALUES: The Gokyo lake is also considered as sacred lake by both Hindu and Buddhist, where about 500 Hindu people take a holy dip during Janai purnima (sacred thread festival). The site is worshipped as the residing place of Naag Devata (Snake God) and a temple of WETLANDS OF NEPAL WETLANDS OF NEPAL Hindu deities like Lord Vishnu and Shiva is constructed at the western corner of the lake. The faith of “no harm” CONSERVATION MEASURES: to birds in the lake provides shelter to wetland birds. Gokyo wetland series falls under the Sagarmatha Gokyo lake, situated at the base of Mt. Everest, is one (Mount Everest) National Park and is under the of the most popular tourist destinations leading to management of the Department of National Parks and Everest Base Camp in Sagarmatha National Park. Wildlife Conservation of HMG/Nepal. Conservation and Tourism is one of the major sources of income for the management within the Sagarmatha National Park and local communities. An average of over 7,000 tourists Buffer Zone is supported by buffer zone user visit Gokyo Lake every year. committees, user groups, local NGOs, hotel owners and other conservation partners. Maps and Photographs © DNPWC/WWF Nepal Program, Survey © DNPWC/WWF Nepal Program, Maps and Photographs HIGH ALTITUDE HIGH ALTITUDE Gosaikunda Wetland Series Langtang National Park Devighat), on which a large downstream population including that of Kathmandu valley depends. HYDROLOGICAL VALUE: The water volume is 1.472 million cubic meter and discharge in outlet is 60 Lit/sec whereas the inlet discharge is 35 Lit/sec. BIODIVERSITY VALUES: Flora: About 100 species of flowering plants have been recorded from the Gosaikunda catchment. It also holds endemic species of plants like Meconopsis dhwojii, M.taylorii, Heracleum lallii, Primula aureata, P.sharmae, WETLANDS OF NEPAL WETLANDS OF NEPAL Pedicularis pseudoregeliana, Rhododendron cowanianum. Other threatened species according to Coordinates: 28º5.00' E IUCN category are Aconitum spicatum (Vulnerable), 85º24.96' N Heracleum lallii (Endangered), Jurinea dolomiaea (Near Area: 13.80 ha Threatened), Meconopsis dhwojii (Near Threatened), Length: 625.55m Nardostachys grandiflora (Vulnerable), Neopicrorhiza Elevation: 4000m-4700m scrophulariifolia (Vulnerable), Rheum australe (Vulnerable), Rheum moorcroftianum (Near Threatened), OVERVIEW: Swertia multicaulis (Data Deficit). Gosaikunda is one of the most important sites for collection of type Gosaikunda, relating to saint and wetland, is an alpine specimens of plants for botanical purpose. HIGH ALTITUDE freshwater oligotrophic lake series with alpine HIGH ALTITUDE meadows, bogs, lakes/ponds, streams, wet steep Fauna: Phytoplankton 1,548 units/ml. (6 m. depth) slopes creating a unique and representative wetland in with higher Merismopedia sp. followed by Chlorobotrys the high Himalayan Paleoartic biogeographical region. It sp., Ankistrodsmus sp., Dinobryon sp., Glenodium sp., is one of the world's highest freshwater lake system, is Aphanotheca sp.,and Planktosphaeria sp. an important source of water for Trisuli River originating from trishul dhara in gosaikunda. It produces 20 MW Zooplankton were found 6.4x106 ind./m3 (20 m depth) - electricity (from 2 power houses at Trishuli and Daphnia sp. 52%, Cyclops sp. 35%, and Napuliar larvae of Cyclops 11%. also significant for economy of the country not only due to hydroelectricity but also for adventure tourism. THREATS: n Water pollution and waste disposal due to pilgrimage during the festivals and peak tourist seasons n Over grazing by livestock, sheep and horses n Over harvesting of NTFPs for domestic use during the grazing and festival period n Unsustainable use of fuel wood for subsistence and other religious purposes during festive and touristic seasons Wetlands birds recorded in Gosaikunda are Brahminy Duck (Tadorna ferruginea) and common teal (Anas crecca). Potential wetland birds listed on that area are Bar-headed Goose (Anser indicus), Tufted duck (Aythya fuligula), Common merganser (Mergus merganser), Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) and Brown Dipper (Cinclus pallasii). Other birds dependent on water in the catchment includes Brown dipper (Cinclus pallasii), white-capped WETLANDS OF NEPAL WETLANDS OF NEPAL water redstart (Chaimarrornis leucocephalus ) and Plumbeous water redstart (Rhyacornis fuliginosus). The lower section of the catchment is the winter habitat of red panda and musk deer. CONSERVATION MEASURES: SOCIO-CULTURAL AND Gosaikunda wetland series falls within Langtang RELIGIOUS VALUES: National Park and is under the management of the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Hindu mythology mentions Gosaikunda as a residing of HMG/Nepal. The Park management has delineated place of Hindu deities like Lord Shiva and Goddess the Gosaikunda area as a religious site. Therefore, Gauri. Hindu scriptures like Bhagawat and Bishnu animal slaughter and grazing in the upper catchment is HIGH ALTITUDE HIGH ALTITUDE Puran and hindu epics like Ramayan and Mahabharat prohibited. There is a Gosaikunda Area Management mentions Samundra Manthan (Sea exploring) which is Committee, a registered NGO, for overall development directly related to the origin of Gosaikunda. The holy and management during the festivals, under which, water of Gosaikunda is used during Gangadashahara sub-committes together with hotel/lodge owners are and Janai purnima (sacred thread festival) by thousands responsible for tourism management. The Goth of people visiting the place from Nepal and India to (herders) Committees are responsible for management celebrate the festival. The meandering river Trishuli is in the lower catchment area of Gosaikunda. Maps and Photographs © DNPWC/WWF Nepal Program, Survey 2005 Panch Pokhari and Associated Lakes Coordinates Panch Pokhari: 27° 43' 30" N 86° 25' 33.9" E The Lakes around Panch Pokhari series are glacial in Elevation: 4,510 m origin from Panch Pokhari hills: Batase Danda (Hill) in the east, Kalo Pokhari, Bhut Pokhari danda in the west Jata Pokhari: 27° 43' 28.8" N and Siddikharka danda in the north and outlet is on the 86° 25' 18.5" E southern part of the Panch Pokhari hill. Elevation: 4,238 m Jata pokhari lake is below the Panch Pokhari lake. The Area: 11.41 ha lake is extended from east to west; where eastern part is slightly narrower than the western side and the lake look like roughly in slipper shape. The lake is fed by water OVERVIEW: from northern bounded Panch Pokhari and passes out from internal canal about 100 meters down to south- Panch Pokhari, Jata Pokhari and its catchment area are west and mix up into Ghyang Khola, which is a branch located in the central Himalayan region of Nepal in of Khimti Khola. Most of the areas around the lake are Ramechhap district. The lake is extended from east to composed of rock and alpine rangeland. west; where eastern part is slightly narrower than the western side look like roughly oval shape. The lake is fed by enormous amount of water from eastern hill, partially HYDROLOGICAL VALUE: little quantity of water also added from the northern and southern hills. Water of Panch Pokhari Lake flows out Water discharge of Panch Pokhari is 1.0909 m3/s and from south-west and falls into the Jata Pokhari. Jata Pokhari is 1.01818 m3/s. Selinum Wallichianum Aconitum Spicatum Saussurea spp. Cordyceps Sinensis The endangered snow leopard (Uncia uncia) and Himalayan Thar (Hemitragus jemlahicus) roam Panch Pokhari area BIODIVERSITY VALUE: during winter season. Some threatened species like Musk Deer (Muschus chrysogaster), Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens), Flora: The area represents a treeless region
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