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Lakes: the Mirrors of the Earth BALANCING ECOSYSTEM INTEGRITY and HUMAN WELLBEING
Lakes: the mirrors of the earth BALANCING ECOSYSTEM INTEGRITY AND HUMAN WELLBEING Proceedings of 15th world lake conference Lakes: The Mirrors of the Earth BALANCING ECOSYSTEM INTEGRITY AND HUMAN WELLBEING Proceedings of 15TH WORLD LAKE CONFERENCE Copyright © 2014 by Umbria Scientific Meeting Association (USMA2007) All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-88-96504-04-8 (print) ISBN: 978-88-96504-07-9 (online) Lakes: The Mirrors of the Earth BALANCING ECOSYSTEM INTEGRITY AND HUMAN WELLBEING Volume 2: Proceedings of the 15th World Lake Conference Edited by Chiara BISCARINI, Arnaldo PIERLEONI, Luigi NASELLI-FLORES Editorial office: Valentina ABETE (coordinator), Dordaneh AMIN, Yasue HAGIHARA ,Antonello LAMANNA , Adriano ROSSI Published by Science4Press Consorzio S.C.I.R.E. E (Scientific Consortium for the Industrial Research and Engineering) www.consorzioscire.it Printed in Italy Science4Press International Scientific Committee Chair Masahisa NAKAMURA (Shiga University) Vice Chair Walter RAST (Texas State University) Members Nikolai ALADIN (Russian Academy of Science) Sandra AZEVEDO (Brazil Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) Riccardo DE BERNARDI (EvK2-CNR) Salif DIOP (Cheikh Anta Diop University) Fausto GUZZETTI (IRPI-CNR Perugia) Zhengyu HU (Chinese Academy of Sciences) Piero GUILIZZONI (ISE-CNR) Luigi NASELLI-FLORES (University of Palermo) Daniel OLAGO (University of Nairobi) Ajit PATTNAIK (Chilika Development Authority) Richard ROBARTS (World Water and Climate Foundation) Adelina SANTOS-BORJA (Laguna Lake Development Authority) Juan SKINNER (Lake -
Antiquity of Nepali Mathematics E
American Research Journal of History and Culture(ARJHC) ISSN(online)- 2378-9026 Volume 2016 10 Pages Research Article Open Access Antiquity of Nepali Mathematics E. R. Acharya (PhD) Central Department of Education([email protected] University),University Campus, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal Abstract The mathematics developed before the written recorded history is called antiquity of mathematics. It is the the people, culture and mathematics in totality. The mathematics is practices very early as old as the human fundamental basis for the historical developments of mathematics. It has greater significance in understanding very early mathematics either as rock art or formation of chambers as administrative room. The utensils, fossils civilization and it is also true for in context of Nepal. In High Himalayan Region there are so many symbols of antiquity of Nepali mathematics. and physical contractions of Zhong Kiore Cave of Mustang as evidences. The aim of this paper is to exploration Keywords: Antiquity, Prehistory, Archeology, Himalayas, Mathematics Introduction understanding the people, culture, rituals and mathematics in totality. Here it is concern to Nepal. Nepal lies onAntiquity the laps is of the the basic large foundationranges Himalaya of history before and millions civilization years agoof eachit laid society. under theIt has Tethys greater Sea. Duesignificance to millions in years’ geological and tectonic movement and geographical disasters the level of Tethys Sea became higher and higher and form folded rocks and mountains. In course of time it was changed as high Himalayas, Lower Mountain, Peasant Valleys and large plains in southern regions continuously. Consequently, various water-lakes, snowflakes,The Himalayas rivers are were among formed, the youngest like Mahendra mountain Lake, ranges Gosaikunda, on the planet.Fewa Lake Their and origin Kathmandu dates back Valley, to theetc. -
National Profile 2020/2021 R O GRAM
NVCYE PROGRAM 1 2 0 /2 20 20 Profile l na Natio NVCYE PROGRAM Contact Person: Santoshi Chalise Kalanki -14, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: +977-15234504 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.icyenepal.org PO Box: 1865 Nepal: An Introduction Official Name: Nepal Population: 35,142,064 (2019 est.,) Official Language: Nepali Currency: Rupees (NPR) Standard Time Zone: UTC+05:45 Capital: Kathmandu Founded in 1768 Government: Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal Current President: Biddhyadevi Bhandari Nepal has 77 department’s (districts), six metropolitan cities (Kathmandu, Janakpur, Biratnagar, Bharatpur, Pokhara and Lalitpur) and 753 new municipalities and rural municipalities. Geography: Nepal is a landlocked country, surrounded by India on three sides and by China's Tibet Autonomous Region to the north. The shape of the country is rectangular with a width of about 650 kilometres and a length of about 200 kilometers. The total landmass is 147,181 square kilometres. Nepal is dependent on India for transit facilities and access to the sea. All the goods and raw materials arrive into Nepal from the Bay of Bengal and through Kolkata. Though small in size, Nepal contains great diversity in landscape. The south of Nepal, which borders India, is flat and known locally as Terai. The Terai is situated about 300 meters above sea level. The landscape then dramatically changes to mid-hills of over 1000 meters and reaches as high as 8000 meters with the Himalayas in the north bordering China. This rise in elevation is punctuated by valleys situated between mountain ranges. Within this maze of mountains, hills, ridges, and low valleys, changes in altitude have resulted in great ecological variations and have given rise to many different cultures, traditions, and languages. -
River Culture in Nepal
Nepalese Culture Vol. XIV : 1-12, 2021 Central Department of NeHCA, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/nc.v14i0.35187 River Culture in Nepal Kamala Dahal- Ph.D Associate Professor, Patan Multipal Campus, T.U. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Most of the world civilizations are developed in the river basins. However, we do not have too big rivers in Nepal, though Nepalese culture is closely related with water and rivers. All the sacraments from birth to the death event in Nepalese society are related with river. Rivers and ponds are the living places of Nepali gods and goddesses. Jalkanya and Jaladevi are known as the goddesses of rivers. In the same way, most of the sacred places are located at the river banks in Nepal. Varahakshetra, Bishnupaduka, Devaghat, Triveni, Muktinath and other big Tirthas lay at the riverside. Most of the people of Nepal despose their death bodies in river banks. Death sacrement is also done in the tirthas of such localities. In this way, rivers of Nepal bear the great cultural value. Most of the sacramental, religious and cultural activities are done in such centers. Religious fairs and festivals are also organized in such a places. Therefore, river is the main centre of Nepalese culture. Key words: sacred, sacraments, purity, specialities, bath. Introduction The geography of any localities play an influencing role for the development of culture of a society. It affects a society directly and indirectly. In the beginning the nomads passed their lives for thousands of year in the jungle. -
State of Land Degradation and Rehabilitation Efforts in Nepal
STATE OF LAND DEGRADATION AND REHABILITATION EFFORTS IN NEPAL Krishna Prasad Acharya22 Buddi Sagar Poudel23, and Resham Bahadur Dangi24 1. General Information 1.1 Geography, Topography and Climate Nepal is situated in the Central Himalaya and has diverse physiographic zones, climatic contrasts, and altitudinal variations. Nepal occupies a total area of 147,181 km2 and lies between 260 22' and 300 27' N latitude and 800 04' and 880 12' E longitude. Hills and high mountains cover about 86% of the total land area and the remaining 14% are the flatlands of the Terai, which are less than 300 m in elevation (Table 1). Altitude varies from 60 m above sea level in the Terai to Mount Everest (Sagarmatha) at 8,848 m, the highest point in the world (HMGN/MFSC, 2002). Physiographically, Hagen (1998) divided Nepal into seven divisions which are, from south to north: Terai, Siwalik Hills zone, Mahabharat Lekh, Midlands, Himalaya, Inner Himalaya, and Tibetan marginal mountains. Table 5: Physiographic Zones of Nepal Zone Area (%) Elevation (m)Climate High Himalaya 23 Above 5000 Tundra type and arctic 4000 - 5000 Alpine High Mountains 20 3000 - 4000 Sub-alpine 2000 - 3000 Cool temperate monsoon Mid-hills 30 1000 - 2000 Warm temperate monsoon 500 - 1000 Hot monsoon and sub-tropical Lowlands Terai and Siwalik Hills 27 Below 500 Hot monsoon and tropical (Source: LRMP, 1986) In the Terai, the soil is alluvial and fine to medium textured. In the Siwalik Hills, soil is made up of sedimentary rocks with a sandy texture, while in the mid-hills it is of medium to light texture with a predominance of coarse-grained sand and gravel. -
Review of High Altitude Wetlands Initiatives in Nepal - Jhamak B.Karki*
Review of High Altitude Wetlands Initiatives in Nepal - Jhamak B.Karki* 1. Introduction: High altitude wetlands are the freshwater storehouses of millions of people living downstream. However, Nepal has recently initiated preparation of inventories of these high altitude wetlands. Due to its physiographical situation, Nepals wetlands are classified in 3 categories as high altitude wetlands, midhill wetlands and tarai wetlands as follows: 1.1. Himalaya: The mountain area was mapped by Mool et al 2002 who listed 2,323 glacial lakes above 3,500 m. This may contain numerous fresh water wetlands, as these will turn in to glacial lakes in the winter and melt during summer representing fresh water lakes. The inventory of high altitude wetlands has been initiated but the national wide survey of the wetlands incorporating the existing works of all the regions has not been attempted comprehensively in Nepal. 1.2. Midhill: Yet neither the mid hill sites have been listed for Ramsar site nor the specific programs focusing interventions have been implemented. The only site that received small intervention is Mai Pokhari (Ilam) from The East Foundation (TEF) who has helped district forest office and the community forest user group to prepare the Ramsar Information Sheet (RIS). RIS has to be forwarded to the Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation for proposing any site in to Ramsar nomination. Ministry has forwarded RIS of Maipokhari wetland for Government approval to the cabinet by Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation. 1.3. Tarai: The inventory of Tarai and mid hills wetlands has been initiated by IUCN resulting 163 in Tarai and 79 in mid-hills (IUCN 1996). -
Fish Sanctuary Delineation Protocol
Tribhuvan University CDES Fish Sanctuary Delineation Protocol: Riverscape Level Aquatic Biodiversity Conservation in Nepal Resources Himalaya Foundation and Central Department of Environmental Science-TU Fish Sanctuary Delineation Protocol: Riverscape Level Aquatic Biodiversity Conservation in Nepal Resources Himalaya Foundation and Central Department of Environmental Science-TU Contributors Deep Narayan Shah, Ramji Bogati, Purna Chandra Lal Rajbhandari, Bhumika Sunuwar, Kedar Rijal, and Dinesh Raj Bhuju Program Title: USAID PAANI Program DAI Project Number: 1002810 Sponsoring USAID Office: USAID/Nepal Task Number: 1002810 Task Order Number: AID-367-TO-16-00001 Contractor: DAI Global LLC Date of Submission: 30 November 2020 Published by Resources Himalaya Foundation and Central Department of Environmental Science-TU Disclaimer This report is made possible by the support of the American People through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents of this report are the sole responsibility of contributors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government, or RHF and CDES-TU. Cite as: Shah, D.N.; Bogati, R.; Rajbhandari, P.L.C.; Sunuwar, B.; Rijal, K.; and Bhuju, D.R. (2020): Fish Sanctuary Delineation Protocol: Riverscape Level Aquatic Biodiversity Conservation in Nepal. RHF & CDES-TU, Kathmandu, Nepal. Table of Contents Executive summary .........................................................................................7 Acronyms ........................................................................................................8 -
Explore Culture, Nature & Adventure
Explore Culture, Nature & Adventure NEPAL | TIBET | BHUTAN Welcome to Satori Adventures: Nepal is landlocked nation blessed with rare diversity of landforms. Gigantic mountain peaks, glaciated azure lake and un-harmed culture characterize the north while flat land Terai filled with lush vegetation and floral & faunal species is synonymous to Southern Nepal. Satori Adventure (P) Ltd is the company with its own distinguished hallmark and overseas agents. It is reputed Tour operator in Nepal and USA which has earned its own fame in organizing Nepal, Tibet and Bhutan tour, Culture, nature, heritage and tradition ventures out of its quality with the international standards and local professionals. The quality and professionalism of our team are apparent with our previous records and numbers of positive feedback in the Tripadvisor given by our esteemed clients. For over fifteen years, Satori Adventures and Expedition (P) Ltd. has been operating culture, nature, heritage, pilgrims and tradition holidays tour, trekking and mountaineering adventures in Nepal, Tibet and Bhutan- most wild and mysterious landscapes. Our aim is to introduce our guests to the jewel of Himalaya whist respecting the local culture, eco- system and at the same time maintaining quality services. Tour, Trekking and mountaineering are probably the best way to discover the hidden secret of Nepal, Tibet and Bhutan. Usually, Adventure and holidays tour in Nepal follow the ancient route through the quaint villages but we ensure the tailor-made programs through the most remote routes thus allowing you to savor the real Nepali culture while enjoying unique landscapes. Unlike other travel companies in Nepal, our family and friend’s Package tour, Culture, nature & Heritage tour, Nepal expedition package, Nepal trek adventure package, Nepal trekking tour package and Nepal hiking tour package includes all the expenses with no hidden and additional charges. -
Nepal's Birds 2010
Bird Conservation Nepal (BCN) Established in 1982, Bird Conservation BCN is a membership-based organisation Nepal (BCN) is the leading organisation in with a founding President, patrons, life Nepal, focusing on the conservation of birds, members, friends of BCN and active supporters. their habitats and sites. It seeks to promote Our membership provides strength to the interest in birds among the general public, society and is drawn from people of all walks OF THE STATE encourage research on birds, and identify of life from students, professionals, and major threats to birds’ continued survival. As a conservationists. Our members act collectively result, BCN is the foremost scientific authority to set the organisation’s strategic agenda. providing accurate information on birds and their habitats throughout Nepal. We provide We are committed to showing the value of birds scientific data and expertise on birds for the and their special relationship with people. As Government of Nepal through the Department such, we strongly advocate the need for peoples’ of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation participation as future stewards to attain long- Birds Nepal’s (DNPWC) and work closely in birds and term conservation goals. biodiversity conservation throughout the country. As the Nepalese Partner of BirdLife International, a network of more than 110 organisations around the world, BCN also works on a worldwide agenda to conserve the world’s birds and their habitats. 2010 Indicators for our changing world Indicators THE STATE OF Nepal’s Birds -
High Altitude Ramsar Sites in Nepal: Criteria and Future Ahead - Jhamak B.Karki*, Dr
High Altitude Ramsar Sites in Nepal: Criteria and Future Ahead - Jhamak B.Karki*, Dr. Mohan Siwakoti** and Neera Shrestha Pradhan*** Abstract This article is based on the study conducted by DNPWC with support from WWF Nepal for the declaration of high altitude Ramsar sites. The Ramsar criteria, threats and proposed activities for the newly declared high altitude wetlands are summarized, which will support in management of the wetlands. It also spells out the major indicators/criteria like biogegraphic location, endemism and religious/cultural significance that were assessed to declare as Ramsar sites. Added values of these wetlands are considered as storehouse of fresh water that requires to be maintained not only for downstream users but also for the conservation of biodiversity and improve livelihood linkages. The future actions will support in designing and implementing programs/projects for interested/potential conservation partners and local NGO/CBO/Governments for the management of Ramsar sites. 1. Ramsar sites With the success of declaring four wetlands - for the first time in high altitude - as Ramsar Sites in Nepal, the total number has become eight. These sites were proposed by the Government of Nepal on 26 Feb 2007 to Ramsar Secretariat and was officially declared as Ramsar sites on 23rd September 2007. The remaining four are in the lowland tarai. For the wetlands in the mid hills, a proposal on Maipokhari has been approved by the Cabinet on 30 Sep 2007 (13th Bhadra 2064) to recommend Ramsar declaration. The new high altitude wetland sites are: Ramsar site No.1695 The Rara lake (Western development region, Karnali Zone, Mugu district, Rara VDC) is only about 4 hour walk from Mugu district headquarter, Gamdadi. -
Conservation Landscapes of Nepal
Conservation Landscapes of Nepal Government of Nepal Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation Kathmandu Kathmandu 2016 2016 Conservation Landscapes of Nepal Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation Kathmandu 2016 Publisher Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Singha Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal Citation Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation 2016. Conservation Landscapes of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Singha Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal Cover photo credits © WWF Nepal/ Susheel Shrestha © Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation Conservation Landscapes of Nepal | iii Abbreviations and Acronyms ACAP Annapurna Conservation Area Project BZMC Buffer Zone Management Committee CAMC Conservation Area Management Committees CBS Central Bureau of Statistics CFUGs Community Forest User Groups CHAL Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora DNPWC Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation DoF Department of Forests ECTC Eastern Chure and Terai Complex GLOF Glacier Lake Outburst Flood HBP Hariyo Ban Program HDI Human Development Index IBA Important Bird Areas ICDP Integrated Conservation and Development Program IUCN The World Conservation Union KCA Kanchenjunga Conservation Area KCL Karnali Conservation Landscape KL Kanchenjunga Landscape KSL Kailash Sacred Landscape LRMP Land Resources Mapping Project LSU Landscape Support Unit MAP Medicinal and Aromatic Plants -
CHITWAN-ANNAPURNA LANDSCAPE: a RAPID ASSESSMENT Published in August 2013 by WWF Nepal
Hariyo Ban Program CHITWAN-ANNAPURNA LANDSCAPE: A RAPID ASSESSMENT Published in August 2013 by WWF Nepal Any reproduction of this publication in full or in part must mention the title and credit the above-mentioned publisher as the copyright owner. Citation: WWF Nepal 2013. Chitwan Annapurna Landscape (CHAL): A Rapid Assessment, Nepal, August 2013 Cover photo: © Neyret & Benastar / WWF-Canon Gerald S. Cubitt / WWF-Canon Simon de TREY-WHITE / WWF-UK James W. Thorsell / WWF-Canon Michel Gunther / WWF-Canon WWF Nepal, Hariyo Ban Program / Pallavi Dhakal Disclaimer This report is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of Kathmandu Forestry College (KAFCOL) and do not necessarily reflect the views of WWF, USAID or the United States Government. © WWF Nepal. All rights reserved. WWF Nepal, PO Box: 7660 Baluwatar, Kathmandu, Nepal T: +977 1 4434820, F: +977 1 4438458 [email protected] www.wwfnepal.org/hariyobanprogram Hariyo Ban Program CHITWAN-ANNAPURNA LANDSCAPE: A RAPID ASSESSMENT Foreword With its diverse topographical, geographical and climatic variation, Nepal is rich in biodiversity and ecosystem services. It boasts a large diversity of flora and fauna at genetic, species and ecosystem levels. Nepal has several critical sites and wetlands including the fragile Churia ecosystem. These critical sites and biodiversity are subjected to various anthropogenic and climatic threats. Several bilateral partners and donors are working in partnership with the Government of Nepal to conserve Nepal’s rich natural heritage. USAID funded Hariyo Ban Program, implemented by a consortium of four partners with WWF Nepal leading alongside CARE Nepal, FECOFUN and NTNC, is working towards reducing the adverse impacts of climate change, threats to biodiversity and improving livelihoods of the people in Nepal.