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Memoire Florent Version Finale REPOBLIKAN' I MADAGASIKARA Fitiavana- Tanindrazana – Fandrosoana MINISTERE DE L’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPERIEUR UNIVERSITE DE MAHAJANGA FACULTE DES SCIENCES ET DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE La culture de l’excellence UNIVERSITE DE MAHAJANGA FACULTE DES SCIENCES DEPARTEMENT DE BIOLOGIE VEGETALE OPTION : VALORISATION DE LA BIODIVERSITE VEGETALE MEMOIRE EN MASTER I N° 04 SYNTHESE DES VALEURS DE Leptadenia Madagascariensis Decne ou « Dokoterahely » (Asclepidaceae ) Présenté par : Monsieur RADANIEL Jean Florent Membres de Jury : Président : Dr . RAJAONARISON Jean François Juge : Dr. RANDRIANODIASANA Julien Encadreur : Dr. MILADERA Jonhson Christian 00080888 Août 2011 1 REREREMERCIEMENTSRE MERCIEMENTS Mes sincères remerciements à tous les personnels administratifs de l’Université de Mahajanga : En premier lieu Le Président de l’Université Monsieur Le Pr. RABESA ZAFERA AntoineAntoine; son excellence Monsieur Le Ministre, En deuxième lieu Le Doyen de la Faculté des sciences Monsieur Le Dr. MILADERA Jonhson Christian qui est un bon encadreur et qui a honoré de sa confiance en acceptant de diriger le présent mémoire et malgré ses multiples responsabilités, il a fait toute sa possibilité pour nous encadrer et nous donner continuellement d’importants conseils dans l’élaboration du présent Mémoire. Nous tenons à exprimer nos vifs remerciements à l’adresse des personnes suivantes : Monsieur Le Dr. RAJARAJAOOOONARISONNARISON Jean François qui est le chef d’option de la Valorisation de la Biodiversité Végétale (VBVVBV)VBV).) Malgré ses lourdes responsabilités il a accepté de nous faire le grand honneur de présider le jury de notre soutenance. Monsieur Le Dr. RRANDRIANODIASANAANDRIANODIASANA Julien qui est le chef de Département de la Biologie Végétale et dépit de ses nombreuses occupations, il a veillé au bon déroulement de notre travail. Tous les enseignants de la Faculté des sciences qui ont déployé le meilleur d’eux-mêmes, pour nous faire acquérir la compétence, la performance et l’expérience professionnelles aussi bien théoriques que pratiques. Nous tenons à remercier toutes les partenaires de lala Faculté des Sciences de Mahajanga qui ont sacrifié leur temps et ont donné leur connaissance pour nos biens et elles ont soutenu matériellement et financièrement la Faculté des sciences. A ma famille qui a ménagé ses efforts pour m’encourager et pour me soutenir moralement, matériellement et financièrement durant mes études. Enfin, nous ne saurions oublier de remercier les collèguescollègues de l’option VBV et tous les membres de l’association des étudiants originaioriginairesres de BefandrianaBefandriana----NordNord (SEBAUMSEBAUMSEBAUM) A tous, nous disons en deux mots : « MMMERCIMERCI INFINIMENT !!!».! i DEDICACE ««« Je dédie spécialement ce travail ::: À ma mère PHILOMENE À mon père LESOVA Et à toute ma famille ».».». ii SOMMAIRE REMERCIEMENTS ......................................................................................................... i DEDICACE ........................................................................................................................ ii SOMMAIRE ……………………………………………………………………………. iii GLOSSAIRE ...................................................................................................................... vi FIGURE ………………………………………………. ……………………………….viii LISTE DES PHOTOS ……………………………………………………..viii LISTE DES TABLEAUX ………………………………………………….viii LISTE DES ABREVIATIONS ......................................................................................... .ix RESUME INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 PREMIERE PARTIE : MATERIELS ET METHODES ......................... 3 A- Matériels .......................................................................................... 3 B- Méthodes .......................................................................................... 3 DEUXIEME PARTIE : RESULTATS ....................................................... 4 I- GENERALITES ................................................................................. 4 A-Historique .......................................................................................................... 4 B-Descriptions ........................................................................................ 4 1- Caractères morphologiques ................................................................................... 4 2- Positions taxonomiques ......................................................................................... 8 3- Modes de reproduction et régénération .................................................................. 9 a- floraison- pollinisation- fructification .................................................................. 9 b- Mode de dispersion des graines ........................................................................... 9 c- Mode de multiplication ....................................................................................... 9 4- Caractères écologies .............................................................................................. 10 a- Adaptation physiologique .................................................................................. 10 b- Type du sol où elle pousse ................................................................................. 10 c- Sociabilité............................................................................................................ 10 iii II- UTILITES DE Leptadenia madagascariensis Decne .................................... 11 A- VALEURS PRATIQUES .......................................................................... 11 1- Valeurs directes...................................................................................................... 11 1-1- Leptadenia madagascariensis Decne utilisé comme médicaments. ............. 11 a- Activité anti-inflammatoire ...................................................................... 13 b- Accouchement, soins post-partum, constipation et fatigue .................... 13 c- Galactogènes ............................................................................................ 13 d- Apéritive .................................................................................................. 13 e- Antidiabétique et hypoglycémiante. ........................................................ 13 f- Blessure .................................................................................................... 14 g- Activité anti-malarique ............................................................................ 14 h- Blennorragie ............................................................................................ 14 i- Leptadenia madagascariensis Decne comme produit vétérinaire ............ 16 1-2- Leptadenia madagascariensis Decne en cosmétologie .................................. 16 1-3- Leptadenia madagascariensis Decne utilisé comme nourriture ...................... 16 1-4- Leptadenia madagascariensis Decne : Fibres ................................................. 17 1-5- Valeur économique de Leptadenia madagascariensis Decne ........................... 17 2- Valeurs indirectes ........................................................................................................ 17 2-1- Valeurs écologiques ............................................................................................ 17 a- Valeur climatique ............................................................................................. 17 b- Protection du sol ............................................................................................... 17 c- Chaîne trophique ............................................................................................. 18 d- Relation avec les animaux (oiseaux) ................................................................ 18 2-2- Valeur esthétique, récréative et source d’inspiration .......................................... 18 2-3- Valeur culturelle et spirituelle ............................................................................. 18 B- VALEURS PASSIVES ................................................................................................. 18 1- Valeurs existentielles et legs .......................................................................................... 18 2- Valeur potentielle ............................................................................................................ 19 3- Valeur stratégique ........................................................................................................... 19 III- COMPOSITIONS CHIMIQUES ou PHYTOCONSTITUANTS ......................... 19 a- Propriétés biologiques de Lupéol ...................................................................... 20 iv b- Action de l’antioxydant .................................................................................... 20 IV- MODE DE PREPRATION DES PRODUITS DE Leptadenia madagascariensis Decne ................................................................................. 21 1- Cueillette, décoction et conservation ..................................................................... 21 1-1- Cueillette ......................................................................................................... 21 a- Latex ........................................................................................................ 21 b- Biomasse .................................................................................................
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