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DIGITHÈQUE Université Libre De Bruxelles ______ UNIVERSITÉ LIBRE DE BRUXELLES, UNIVERSITÉ D'EUROPE DIGITHÈQUE Université libre de Bruxelles ___________________________ DESPY-MEYER Andrée, DEVRIESE Didier, eds., Ernest Solvay et son temps, Bruxelles : Archives de l’Université libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://digistore.bib.ulb.ac.be/2008/a566411_000_f.pdf ___________________________ Cette œuvre littéraire est soumise à la législation belge en matière de droit d’auteur. Elle a été publiée par l’Université Libre de Bruxelles et numérisée par les Archives & Bibliothèques de l’ULB. Tout titulaire de droits sur l’œuvre ou sur une partie de l’œuvre ici reproduite qui s’opposerait à sa mise en ligne est invité à prendre contact avec la Digithèque de façon à régulariser la situation (email : bibdir(at)ulb.ac.be) . Certaines illustrations de cet ouvrage n’ont pu être reproduites afin de se conformer à la législation belge en vigueur. Les règles d’utilisation de la présente copie numérique de cette œuvre sont visibles sur la dernière page de ce document. L'ensemble des documents numérisés mis à disposition par les Archives & Bibliothèques de l'ULB sont accessibles à partir du site http://digitheque.ulb.ac.be/ U.L ARCHIVES DE L'ULB LES MANIFESTATIONS ERNEST SOLVAY ET SON TEMPS SONT PLACÉES SOUS LE TRÈS HAUT PATRONAGE de SA MAJESTÉ ALBERT II LE PATRONAGE de l'Académie Royale des sciences, des lettres et des beaux-arts de Belgique - Classe des Sciences ET DE WILLIAM ANCION, ministre de l'Enseignement supérieur de la Communauté française MICHEL ANSIAUX, directeur général de la Loterie Nationale ARTHUR BODSON, président du Fonds national de la recherche scientifique YVES BOËL, président du Conseil d'administration de Solvay S.A. KAREL BOONE, président de la Fédération des entreprises de Belgique ROBERT COLLIGNON, ministre-président du Gouvernement wallon HERVÉ HASQUIN, ministre du Gouvernement de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, président honoraire et recteur honoraire de l'Université libre de Bruxelles JEAN-JACQUES HEIRWEGH, doyen de la Faculté de sciences politiques, économiques et sociales de l'Université libre de Bruxelles GEORGES HUEZ, doyen de la Faculté des sciences de l'Université libre de Bruxelles DANIEL JANSSEN, président du Comité exécutif de Solvay S.A. ANDRÉ JAUMOTTE, président honoraire et recteur honoraire de l'Université libre de Bruxelles ALBERT MINGELGRÙN, doyen de la Faculté de philosophie et lettres de l'Université libre de Bruxelles CHARLES PICQUÉ, ministre-président de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale ILYA PRIGOGINE, directeur des Instituts internationaux de physique et de chimie Solvay CHRISTIAN RENARD, échevin de la Culture, de la Jeunesse et de la Communication de la Ville de Charleroi MARC SCHIEPERS, président du Conseil d'administration de la Loterie Nationale MARIE-JOSÉE SIMOEN, secrétaire général du Fonds national de la recherche scientifique JACQUES SOLVAY, président honoraire du Conseil d'administration de Solvay S.A. ROBERT TOLLET, président du Conseil d'administration de l'Université libre de Bruxelles FRANÇOISE THYS-CLÉMENT, pro-recteur de l'Université libre de Bruxelles, présidente du Comité scientifique du Musée des sciences et des techniques de Parentville JEAN-CLAUDE VAN CAUWENBERGHE, ministre du Gouvernement wallon JACQUES VAN GOMPEL, bourgmestre de la Ville de Charleroi JEAN-LOUIS VANHERWEGHEM, recteur de l'Université libre de Bruxelles YVAN YLIEFF, ministre de la Politique scientifique. CES MANIFESTATIONS ONT BÉNÉFICIÉ DU SOUTIEN DE la Loterie Nationale, la société Solvay S.A., la Région wallonne, le Ministère de la Culture de la Communauté française de Belgique, la Ville de Charleroi, la Banque Bruxelles- Lambert, la société Elonex-Personal Computers, Le Soir, la RTBF-Fréquence Wallonie. ULB ERNEST SOLVAY ET SON TEMPS REMERCIEMENTS Si ce volume ainsi que l'exposition présentée à ce jour peuvent autant renouveler l'image d'Ernest Solvay et sa place dans le monde du XIXe siècle, c'est grâce à l'apport d'une documentation particulièrement précieuse et inédite à laquelle nous n'aurions pas pu accéder sans l'extrême bienveillance manifestée par tous ceux et toutes celles à qui nous avons fait appel. En premier lieu, notre reconnaissance va à M. JACQUES SOLVAY qui nous a autorisés à consulter les papiers d'un grand intérêt laissés par ses pères et grand-père. Ensuite, c'est à M. LEVY-MORELLE, secrétaire général de la société Solvay, à MME NEY, conseiller au Secrétariat général, à MME CHARELS ainsi qu'à M. LECLERCQ que nous devons dire toute notre gratitude pour nous avoir, au sein du siège de la Société, grandement aidés dans la recherche de documents historiques tant à la rue des Champs-Elysées qu'à la rue du Prince-Albert. Puis à Couillet même, à MME GILLAIN, responsable du classement du fonds d'archives propres à ce premier siège, qui nous a guidés dans un premier temps et à M. EDART qui nous a donné ensuite accès aux archives, bureaux et laboratoires pour y recueillir des pièces utiles. Il convient de citer en outre quelques personnes qui ont gravité dans l'orbite de cette grande famille et de la société Solvay, dont l'apport nous fut essentiel: la comtesse I.G. Du MONCEAU DE BERGENDAL, arrière-petite-fille d'Ernest Solvay, M. ACHEROY, petit-fils de Louis-Philippe Acheroy, l'ami des premières heures du futur industriel, M. BORLÉE, qui a mis à notre disposition une belle collection photographique. S'ajoutent les responsables de centres d'archives tels les Archives du Palais royal (M. JANSSENS) et celles de la Ville de Bruxelles (MMES SMOLAR-MEYNART ET SIMON), le Musée de l'art wallon de la Ville de Liège (MME SABATINI), l'Espace photographique Contretype (Mme DESSAMBRE ET M. GODEFROID) qui ont chacun, dans leur secteur, favorisé nos recherches. Un ultime remerciement, et il est de poids, à l'adresse d'ISABELLE SIRJACOBS (Archives - ULB) qui a participé activement à la réalisation de cet ouvrage, non seulement par les textes qu'elle a écrits, mais en sélectionnant avec un soin extrême l'ensemble des illustrations présentées. OUVRAGE ÉDITÉ PAR les Archives de l'ULB, à l'occasion des manifestations «Ernest Solvay et son temps» organisées par l'Université libre de Bruxelles et le Musée des Sciences et des Techniques de Parentville, du 22 septembre 1997 au 28 février 1998. DESSIN DE COUVERTURE François Schuiten CONCEPTION GRAPHIQUE Keepsake & NSD MISE EN PAGE Keepsake PHOTOGRAPHIES Jean-Michel Byl Jean-Jacques Rousseau Isabelle Charels (Solvay S.A.) Les organisateurs ont essayé de toucher tous les ayants droit au copyright des illustrations. Ils y sont parvenus dans la plupart des cas. Les ayants droit qui constateraient que des illustrations ont été reproduites à leur insu sont priés de prendre contact avec les organisateurs © 1997 - Archives de l'ULB Dépôt légal: 1997-2032/1 U.L.B ERNEST SOLVAY ET SON TEMPS édité par ANDRÉE DESPY-MEYER DIDIER DEVRIESE ARCHIVES DE L UNIVERSITE LIBRE DE BRUXELLES AVANT-PROPOS Depuis plus d'un siècle, des liens historiques unissent l'Université libre de Bruxelles à la personne d'Ernest Solvay. Membre de son Conseil d'administration en 1891, l'industriel, mécène scientifique, créa des Instituts afin de mettre en pratique ses modes de pensée et de lier la Cité scientifique du Parc Léopold aux installations de l'Université au Palais Granvelle. Des décennies plus tard, la Société Solvay cédait à l'ULB le domaine de Parentville. Elle poursuivait ainsi la politique de son fondateur en situant dans cette région caroloré- gienne l'un des campus wallons de l'Université. Autant d'arguments justifiant la décision de l'ULB d'organiser à l'Amicale Solvay une exposition autour d'Ernest Solvay, face au site premier de la société, celui de Couillet. Cette manifestation, émanation du Musée des Sciences et des Techniques de Parentville, ne pouvait se concrétiser qu'avec la collaboration du Département des Archives de l'Université, dépositaire de toutes les sources nécessaires à sa mise en valeur, sources consi­ dérablement enrichies par l'apport de documents en provenance de la famille Solvay et de la Société. Je profite de l'occasion qui m'est donnée ici de dire à l'une et à l'autre toute ma gratitude pour la collaboration fructueuse et cordiale qu'elles nous ont accordée afin que l'Université puisse mettre à profit dans les meilleures conditions l'ensemble de cette documentation. Cet ouvrage a été pensé comme un développement de l'exposition. Rédigé par des spécialistes, avec le souci constant de rester à la portée du grand public, il a été conçu de façon à restituer Ernest Solvay dans son époque et dans son temps : un personnage excep­ tionnel qui incarne à la fois les acquis de la science et ceux de la révolution industrielle. Portrait vivant et contrasté d'un homme qui a fait de la science le principe directeur de 8 UL.B l'organisation sociale, tout en étant attaché à une forme de libéralisme progressiste et à une philosophie positive et scientiste. Figure également d'un industriel qui a perfectionné le procédé de fabrication de la soude au point d'être le fondateur d'un empire économique dont les ramifications s'étendraient dans le monde entier. Une interdisciplinarité à l'image de cet homme de la haute bourgeoisie éclairée qui se voulait un citoyen engagé dans son temps, pour qui les théories sociales, économiques et politiques avaient à se concrétiser dans des réalisations multiples et variées, qu'il s'agisse de la grande industrie comme symbole de progrès et de modernité ou du mécénat scienti­ fique comme outil de connaissance pour les générations à venir. Quinze études vous sont proposées qui portent ainsi un regard neuf sur Ernest Solvay et son temps : des contributions qui reflètent l'histoire d'un homme qui s'est investi dans un monde en mutation continue tant économique et sociale que scientifique et qui, au fil du temps a atteint au mythe.
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