Recent Timeline of Coral Reef Management in Guam Developed in Partnership with Guam J-CAT

Disclaimer The EPA Declares the Military's The purpose of this timeline is to present a simplifying visual- Expansion Policy "Environmentally Unsatisfactory" and Halts Develop- ment ization of the events that may have in ucend the development The US recently proposed plans to expand US Return to Liberate Guam as a military operations in Guam, by adding a new Military Stronghold base, airfield, and facilities to support 80,000 of capacity to manage coral reefs in Guam over time. 1944 new residents. Dredging the port alone will require moving 300,000 square meters of During the occupation, the people of Guam GUAM-Air Force Begins Urunao coral reef. In February 2010, the U.S. Envi- were subjected to acts that included torture, US Military buildup in Guam is Dump Site ronmental Protection Agency rated the plan beheadings and rape, and were forced to as "Environmentally Unsatisfactory" and reduced Air Force begins cleanup of the formerly used adopt the Japanese culture. Guam was suggested revisions to upgrade wastewater The investment price decreased from $10.27 Urunao dumpsite at Andersen Air Force Base By its nature, it is incomplete. For example, the start date is subject to fierce fighting when U.S. troops treatment systems and lessen the proposed billion to 8.6 billion; marine transfers on the northern end of Guam. recaptured the island on July 21, 1944, a date port's impact on the reef. decreased from 8600 to 5000 commemorated every year as Liberation Day. 2007 somewhat arbitrary and therefore does not include events re- 2010 2012 1898 1941 1972 2006 2009 US Develops a Naval Base on Japanese Troops Invade and Over- Final Japanese Soldier Surrenders Largest Military Exercise in 8,000 US Marines Move to Guam lating to coral reef management that have occured prior. February 17; In Japan, US Secretary of State Guam run Guam January 24; In Guam Shoichi Yokoi (d.1997 at Decades Occurs off of Guam Hillary Rodham Clinton warned North Korea Just three days after the attack on Pearl 82), a WWII Japanese soldier, was found by against following through on a threatened Harbor, on December 10, Japanese troops hunters near the Talofofo River. He had missile launch, saying it would damage its invaded the Filipino island of Luzon and survived since 1944 in adherence to his army prospects for improved relations with the overran Guam. code of never surrendering. Yokoi returned to United States and the world. Clinton also Japan as a national hero: "It is with much Furthermore, it is inteded as a living document that we hope signed an agreement with Japan that will embarrassment that I return." Guam Falls to an Overwhelming move 8,000 Marines off the southern Japa- Japanese Force nese island of Okinawa to the US territory of will continue to evolve and improve as past events are added, December 18, Defended by 610 fighting men, Guam. the American-held island of Guam fell to more than 5,000 Japanese invaders in a three-hour existing events are reinterpreted and future events included. battle. Studies on the Biology of the Reef Guam's Reefs and Beaches Part II: While the primary inteded use of this was to help inform a coral Fishes of Guam, Technical Report Transect Studies, Technical Report No. 49 No. 48; A two-part study of the distribution of fish and A continuation of the investigation of Guam's reef capacity needs assessment we conducted in 2012, we be- Nearshore Currents and Coral A Marine Biological Survey at the other marine life at selected sites. Part I - reefs and beaches initiated in May 1976 and Reef Ecology of the West Coast of Proposed Umatac Sewer Outfall Distribution of Fishes of the Reef Flat on published as an "Atlas of Reefs and Beaches Guam, Mariana Islands Site, Marine Laboratory Environ- Guam and Part II - Distribution of the Eggs of Guam". The transect studies constitute the lieve the visualization of events can be used in the future to im- and Larvae of Fishes at Selected Sites on first part of a second phase of reef investiga- Nearshore currents at select locations on the mental Survey Report No. 15; Guam. tions which encompass more intensive West Coast if Guam are described. The A biological survey along the proposed outfall regional studies. This report provides general rpvoe a collective understanding of coral reef management, plants and animals attached to the shallow route and in the immediate area of the outfall information on the coastal region, including coral reefs at eight stations, each ten meters diffuser, including a zonal analysis of the reef mangrove swamps, river mouths, and estuar- by ten meters in area, are described and corals, fishes, benthic algae, and dominant ies. Data were collected from transects in five serve other educational purposes, and illustrate the impor- illustrated by photos and photo mosaics. macroinvertebrates, and a quantitative bays (Tumon, Agana, Agat, Fouha, and Ylig), evaluation of the persent of substrate covered Nearshore Currents and Coral and consists of the quantitative distribution Biological and Chemical Survey of by reef corals and density values for the and community structure analyses of benthic Reef Ecology of the West Coast of tance of investing in capcaity to manage oral reefs into the dominant coral species. it provides a vertical organisms, including corals, algae, and other the Lower Pago River, Estuary, Guam, Mariana Islands depth and zonation profile along the proposed macroinvertebrates. Near-Shore Reef Channel and This report investigates the nearshore outfall route to the 60 foot depth level. A Adjacent Inner Reef Flat, Pago future. currents and coral reef ecology of the West statement is given as to the probable effect of Guam's Reefs and Beaches Part II: Bay, Guam, Technical Report No. Coast of Guam to assist in planning the the sewage effluent on the biological environ- locations of proposed sewer outfalls. Ana- ment. Sedimentation Studies at Fouha 109 lyzes the various locations to determine the Bay and Ylig Bay, Technical Report This report presents the results of an environ- level of sewage treatment required to prevent Coastal Survey of Guam, Technical No. 47 ment assessment conducted over a five toxic levels of pollution on the beaches of Report No. 14, University of Guam Analyzes the results of sedimentation studies month period in 2004 during the dry months of May and early June and the wet months of We value your input to the timeline and encourage you to con- Guam and ecological damage to the A general assessment of the major structural conducted at the mouths of two rivers. August and September along the lower 1 km surrounding coral reefs. elements comprising the environment of the Assesses the impact of terrestrial run-off Pago River, and its estuary, and in the coastal regions of Guam. In assessing these sedimentation on the diversity of corals within remnant of the near-shore reef channel and tact us at [email protected] with any suggestions you elements, the following specific items are offshore reef communities. Develops data on the adjacent inner reef flats within Pago included: major vegetation zones; rivers, that can be used to establish performance Bay, municipalities of Chalan Pago and Yona, estuaries; bays; beaches and other coastal standards for allowable sedimentation rates in Guam. The biological and chemical surveys might have to improve it. areas of unconsolidated materials; rocky reef environments. of the above identified area are of special coastlines; reef zones, water masses and Preliminary Summary of the Man- interest because of: 1) the area at and circulation patterns; climatic zones; geology agement and Development of adjacent to the Pago River serves as a sink and soil types; development areas and use Atlas of the Reefs and Beaches of Harvesting Aquarium Fish on Report on the Marine Benthic for leachates from the Ordot Dump, effluent patterns; and areas of rare or unique animals Guam Guam Algae and Coral Communities at from construction projects and sewage waste and plants. These items are discussed in a Provides baseline information on Guam's Investigates the harvesting of the smaller Nine Biological Stations Around from leaching fields along the Lonfit-Si- For the latest electronic version of the timeline, systematic way around the island and are coastal region by detailed coastal mapping of species of reef fish by commercial and private gua-Pago River system; 2) baseline ecologi- Revision of the Guam Global augmented by illustrations, maps, charts, Guam the beaches, rocky shorelines, mangrove aquarium interests. This report discusses cal information on the inner reef flat, near- tables, and photographs. In the assessment Climate Change and Reef Resil- swamps, river mouth areas and upstream current harvesting practices and legal regula- Guam: Paradise Lost for Wildlife shore reef channel, estuary and the lower please use the QR code below of the major structural elements, areas where ience LAS navigated areas, and reef-flat platforms. Also tions, recommends management policy, and Baseline Marine Environmental Pago River is scarce and additional biological knowledge is weak or lacking are pointed out. Discusses wildlife problems on the island of maps the general distribution of corals, sea purpose revised regulations. Surveys for the East and West and chemical data will be useful, if either the Special attention is given to the following: the Thermal Simulation Experiments, Guam. This article cites over-exploitation of grasses, and sediments on the reef- flat Agana Bays and Piti Bay, Guam Life and Death of Coral Reefs Lonfit or Sabanan Batea is selected as the Monitoring Strategy and Prelimi- presence of rare or endangered species; Biological Impact Caused by native natural resources; introduced plants, platform. Contains an appendix on "Man- Preliminary Summary of the Man- Contains papers on the value and present new landfill site; and 3) the closing of the unique botanical elements; wetlands habitats, mammals, reptiles, and possibly disease; Describes the marine resources of East and nary Survey Design for Guam/CNMI Changes on a Tropical Reef groves and Estuaries" by Wilder (1977). agement and Development of conditions of coral reefs. It discusses coral Guam Coral Reef Initiative Ordot Dump will mandate the monitoring of fisheries; culturally important areas--sanctuar- intensive coral and shell collecting; and West Agana Bay and Piti Bay. This report Coral Reef Ecosystem Studies with Results of a study to provide information on More intensive regional studies were conduct- erosion and reef destruction and identifies Briefly discusses specific issues; projects and environmental conditions along the Lonfit and University of Guam Marine Labora- ies, park lands, cemeteries, and so forth. Harvesting Reef Fish on Guam habitat destruction. Recommendations are includes site description of the beaches and a Focus on Apra Harbor and Kilo upper thermal tolerance limits of various coral ed in later years and published as "Guam's made for improving monitoring, legal protec- shoreline, reef-flat platform, currents, flora, ways to manage coral reefs and its interaction programs regarding coral reef and reef Pago rivers during and after the capping of There are five reports in this series. Recommends guidelines and policies for the Wharf Final Report tory established species on Guam. Reefs and Beaches Part II", 1978. preservation of reef fish. tion, and public awareness. fauna, and fishing and harvesting. with neighboring habitats. ecosystem protection on Guam. the dump. 2008 1970 1974 1976 1978 1980 1984 1986 1996 1998 2004 1957 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1997 1999 2001 2005 A Candidate Marine Environmen- Development and Environmental Literature Review and Synthesis Guam's Coral Reef Guide to the Coastal Resources of Coral Reefs Their Health, Our U.S. All Islands Coral Reef Initiative Coral Transplant and Follow Up Atlas of the Shallow-Water Benthic Submarine Geology of Pago Bay, A Study of Ecological Succession Coral Reef Recovery Following tal Impact Survey for the Potential Quality of Coral Reef Communi- of Information on Pacific Islands An eighty-one frame color filmstrip prepared Guam Wealth Strategy Monitoring of Transplanted Coral Habitats of American Samoa, Guam, Mariana Islands Following Natural and Man Extensive Damage by the Development of the Uruno Point ties Near the Tanguisson Power Ecosystems for elementary and junior high school use. An illustrated reference source for over 200 This video is a joint effort between University This document reflects the island visions for at Tepungan Piti, Guam Guam, and the Commonwealth of Describes the reef and associated features, Induced Changes on a Tropical "Crown-of- Thorns" Starfish, Discusses the origin of coral reefs, biology of species of corals in various reef habitats of Guam and Department of Agriculture to coral reef management strategies through The U.S. Army of Engineers and the Guam discusses waves and currents, reef Reef Area on Guam, Mariana Plant, Marine Laboratory Techni- A collection of ten papers describing and the Northern Mariana Islands Reef Acanthaster Planci (L.) reef animals, and the impact of man on the around Guam. Extensive photographs with educate and provide public awareness on the projects and programs that are jurisdiction Seashore Protection Commission approved sediments, beach sediments, channel Islands, Marine Laboratory Tech- cal Report No. 41 synthesizing facets of extant ecological National Ocean Service initiated a coral reef A progress report on studies underway to A study of the Tanguisson Point fringing reef reef. Includes a teacher's guide with com- an annotated key. value of coral reefs. Video is made available specific, as well as regional, national and permit requests from TyCom Networks to sediments, oceanography of the channel, and This is a continuation of previous studies. It knowledge about Pacific islands under U.S. research program in 1999 to map, assess, investigate the effect on marine ecology of which was heavily infested by an Acanthast- nical Report No. 19 plete English and Chamorro script, selected to all schools, public and private. international scope. It includes summary of undertake construction activities at Tepungan the factors which affect reef growth compares the standing crop of biomass jurisdiction. The papers cover topics of inventory and monitor U.S. coral reef ecosys- the Tanguisson Power Plant. er planci population from June 1968 to An evaluation of the potential environmental references and questions, and an accompa- 1983 priority projects, description, benefits of the reef flat to accommodate the installation of a accumulation and species diversity on the interest and relevance to wildlife manage- tems (Monaco et al. 2001). There activities September 1968. The infestation resulted in impact of the proposed development of the nying cassette tape in English and Chamorro Guam Coral Reef Initiative: Back- project, and budget for the areas of American ductible iron conduit raceway and landing of upper and bottom surface of the thermal ment and protection of endangered species: Guide to the Coastal Resources of were implemented in response to require- the death of more than 95 percent of the reef Uruno Beach area. The report includes a complete with beeps. Samoa, Guam, and Commonwealth of the fiber-optic cables within the Guam Seashore discharge zone and the zone unaffected by wildlife refuges and endangered species; Guam ground and Briefing Book ments outlined in the Mapping Implementation building corals. This study is an analysis of biological survey of the impact of construc- Northern Mariana Islands, Hawaii, Puerto Reserve and coastal waters in Piti. Trans- the thermal discharge. Also included is the terrestrial botany; birds; freshwater macro- Long-Term Recovery Process of a An illustrated reference source for over 200 The Coral Reef Initiative establishes a policy Plan (MIP) developed by the Mapping and the state of the extant coral community, tion of three swimming pools on the reef flat, Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. planting selected corals was mandated in the University's summary and conclusions based fauna; marine plants; coral reefs; marine species of corals in various reef habitats development mechanism for the protection of Information Synthesis Working Group of the documenting the early stages of coral a marina, and a sewage outfall for discharge Coral Community After A Cata- permit approvals. This report presents the on their findings over the 1975-1977 study macroinvertebrates, excluding corals and around Guam. Extensive photographs with Guam's Coral reefs. This document contains Coral Reef Task Force. This atlas provides community recovery at Tanguisson Reef. of secondary treated effluent at 60 feet. The strophic Disturbance, Technical results of 29 coral colonies transplanted at period. reef building organisms; reef and shore an annotated key. the Executive Order adopting the CRI, detailed maps depicting the GIS benthic eight- hour current studies were also fishes; harvested marine resources; and Report No. 76 Tepungan, Piti for the TyCom Networks conducted. describes the vision and strategies of the CRI, habitat data produced and outlines the socio-economics of Pacific islands. The This study documents the ability of coral and compiles a variety of documents pertain- (Guam) LLC fiber-optic cable landing site. benthic habitat classification scheme and Commercial Potential of Precious The Extent of Coral, Shell and study includes a large (15,000 citations) communities to recover from natural cata- ing to the Year of the Coral Reef. protocols used to map American Samoa, indexed and computerized reference system strophic disturbances. The Tanguisson Reef Corals in Micronesia: Part I. The Algal Harvesting in Guam Waters, Guam and the Commonwealth of the North- to natural resource literature pertaining to area was chosen as the study site because ern Mariana Islands. Includes thirty-four Mariana Islands, Technical Report Technical Report No. 37 The scope of work for this report includes Hawaii, Guam, American Samoa, and the of extensive damage to the reef by Acan- distinct benthic habitat types (i.e., four major No. 18, University of Guam determining which species are being Trust Territory. The data base is available for thaster planci during 1968 and 1969, which and fourteen detailed geomorphologic struc- Presents the results of an exploratory survey harvested, and to what degree, locating and public use. Information about access can be was documented in earlier studies. ture classes; nine major and five detailed for precious coral in the Mariana Islands. obtained from the Fish and Wildlife Service mapping where harvesting is being done, a Pollution on Guam biological cover types) within eleven zones This report contains data from a survey review of existing laws and their enforce- Regional Office in Portland, Oregon; Atten- mapped directly into a geographic information A seventy frame color slide show. Includes designed primarily to locate pink coral ment, and recommendations regarding the tion: Biological Services. system using visual interpretation of orthorec- air, water pollution, littering, the effects of between Guam and Saipan. protection of certain species. The report is tified IKONOS satellite imagery benthic pollution, both natural and man-made, on the divided into four sections: coral, shells, features mapped which covered an area of reef and its animals. Emphasizes man's Resurvey of Cocos Lagoon, algae, and laws and their enforcement. 263 km2 from the shoreline to water depth of Guam, Territory of Guam, Marine impact and future recommendations. Suit- approximately 30 meters. In all 81 km2 of able for third grade and up. Laboratory Technical Report No. Life On Guam: Coral Reef; Richard unconsolidated sediment, 122 km2 of H. Randall and L.G. Eldredge; submerged vegetation and 82.3 km2 of coral 80; Richard H. Randall and Timo- reef and colonized hard bottom mapped. thy S. Sherwood, University of Explains class, lab, and field projects in ecology and social studies used by Guam's Guam, for the U.S. Army Corps of Status of the Coral Reef Ecosys- junior and senior high schools. Fully tems of Guam: Technical Report Engineers. illustrated with drawings and photographs. Updates the "Marine Biological Survey of the Other volumes in the Life on Guam series No. 113 Cocos Barrier Reefs and Enclosed Lagoon" available. This plan addresses the loss and degration of done by the Marine Lab in 1975. The Guam's coral reef ecosystem. purpose of this survey was to ascertain if any changes in hard and soft coral, fish, algae, seagrass and other macroinverte- brates occurred since 1975; determine if increased tourist traffic and housing develop- ment affected the marine communities in the lagoon area; and measure currents in the lagoon.

Guam Coral Reef Initiative Guam Coastal Management Program, Bureau Green Sea Turtles Were Added to the Historical Significance of Guam Moving to Protect the Sea Turtle Populations of Planning; August 1998. Briefly discusses Endangered Species List and Begin to be 1978 specific issues; projects and programs Protected Under Guam Law "Harvest of sea turtle eggs was a common occurrence on Guam prior to World War II. The Green sea turtle regarding coral reef and reef ecosystem First Cross-Pacific Cable "Prior to the 1978 Endangered Species Act listing of green (Chelonia mydas) was harvested legally on Guam prior to August 1978, when it was listed as threatened under protection on Guam. sea turtles, there were no regulations controlling the the Endangered Species Act. The Hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) has been on the endangered list 1903 since 1970. In an effort to ensure protection of sea turtles on Guam, routine sightings are counted during aerial taking of the turtles on Guam, although regulatory mea- Coral Reef Policy Haggan Watch Sea Turtle Protec- Jul 4, Pacific Cable (SF, Hawaii, Guam, sures had been under discussion by the local government surveys and nest sites are recorded and monitored for hatchlings. Philippines) opened, and Pres. Teddy Roos- since at least 1973. When the Endangered Species Act of 1998 tion Project The President of the United States; June 16, evelt sent a message. Guam was passed in 1979, green sea turtles were given Traditional harvests of sea turtles were primarily for local consumption at fiestas, weddings, funerals, and christen- The Government of Guam Department of 1998. Executive Order 13089 creates the full legal protection at the local government level consis- ings. In recent times, poaching of sea turtles has been known to occur on Guam due to the traditional demand for Agriculture, Dvision of Aquatic & Wildlife Coral Reef Policy to preserve and protect the tent with Federal regulations. its meat. Capture of the responsible parties has been difficult, although arrests have been made for unauthorized Resources (DAWR) is responsible for take. Effective conservation and enforcement will be critical to the recovery efforts of this project. biodiversity, health, heritage and social and performing baseline population studies on the economic value of U.S. coral reef ecosystems World wide concern for over harvesting of these turtles sea turtles. Additionally, a Haggan Watch and the marine environment. Pertains to also resulted in the green sea turtle being listed on the Guam's Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources (DAWR) will continue to give sea turtle presentations for Beginning of the LAS Process in volunteer project was created in 2005 to Guam. Federal Threatened Species List and the Guam Endan- community awareness, especially through the elementary-secondary school system and University of Guam. In Guam minimize the threats to sea turtles and enhance successful nesting events by having gered Species List. The Federal and Guam Endangered addition, the recommendation to produce and distribute sea turtle posters and pamphlets would help to enhance Guam Coral Reef Initiative Coordinating volunteers sit on the beach and keep a Species acts state that it is illegal to capture, harass, conservation and recovery awareness within the local community. Committee (GCRICC) begins the process of possess, buy, sell, or transport the sea turtles or any part Revision of Marine Preserve Proposal protective eye on the turtles as they nest. Treaty of Paris Carlton Skinner Becomes First selecting and prioritizing the main threats to of the turtles including the eggs, shells, shell jewelry and The DAWR Sea Turtle Recovery Program (STRP) is funded in part by the NMFS Honolulu PIAO to determine the DAWR notices decline in fisheries, local coral reefs on which to focus LAS efforts The United States and Spain signed the 1993 - 1995 Public Law 24-21 Former Gov. Carl Gutierrez Acquit- Civilian Governor of Guam meat." extent of Guam's resident/nesting sea turtle populations and nesting habitats by conducting beach surveys and conducts management study, and for the next three years Treaty of Paris, ending the Spanish-American 1949 satellite tracking. ComNavMarianas has funded part of the satellite telemetry portion of the project through the drafts proposed regulations includ- Reviewed comments, worked with community to Legislation passed to create 5 permanent ted of Corruption Charges preserves: Pati Point, Tumon Bay, Piti Bomb War. This ceded Puerto Rico, the Philippines Pres. Truman appointed Carlton Skinner purchase of satellite tags and satellite time. The objectives of the project are: revise regulations for the Marine Preserves - Typhoon Pongsona Hits Guam July 20, Former Guam Gov. Carl Gutierrez Magellan made landfall on Guam and Guam to the United States. The US ing Marine Preserves Reduced to 5 permanent preserves Holes, Sasa Bay, and Achang Reef Flat (d.2004) as the 1st civilian governor of Guam. 2002 (1995-2003) was acquitted on charges he 1521 Senate ratified the treaty February 6, 1899. - To collect baseline population size-structure (age and size) and genetic information for sea turtles in and about Skinner established the island‘s 1st university 1986-1990 December 8, Typhoon Pongsona hit Guam used government workers and public money Guam. Student Scholarship Program and wrote a constitution. In May, a Kmart Store with wind gusts of more than 180 mph. The to build and improve his cliffside ranch. Spaniards establish a per- Spaniards crushed the Chamorro The Spanish allow the return of the Spain Cedes Guam and Sells the Opens on Guam 1997 U.S. territory was declared a federal disaster - To survey Guam's beaches for sea turtle nesting activity for both green turtle (Chelonia mydas) and hawksbill Executive Order 2004-04 Jun 10, It was reported that Gov. Froilan area.check outgoing cargo for brown tree manent settlement on Guam resistance Chamorros to the Northern Mariana Marianas (Eretmochelys imbricata) throughout the nesting period in order to determine the size of the nesting population of Tenorio and Rep. Heinz Hofschneider had snakes 2004 1668 1720 Islands 1898 sea turtles on Guam and to employ a variety of tagging techniques to determine movement, residency and further Territorial and Federal Legal Inter- 1st Set of 3 Hearings for the 2nd Set of 3 Hearings for the proposed a Parental Choice Scholarship Strengthened the Guam Watershed Planning In an effort to convert the Chamorro In an effort to convert the Chamorro people to During the Spanish-American War on the way The Brown Tree Snake Arrives define population dynamics. actions: Case of Abortion Marine Preserves Marine Preserves Program that would be implemented in the New Methods to Control the Brown Committee and instituted a comprehensive people to Catholicism, the Chamor- Catholicism, the Chamorro's were forced to 1880 - 1889 to the Philippines to fight the Spanish, the 1946 Guam passed a law that prohibited nearly all fall. Every student would get a $1500 scholar- Tree Snake Population planning process to address negative impacts ro's were forced to the island of the island of Guam. Under Spanish rule, the The spanish began to allow the Chamorros to return U.S. Navy cruiser Charleston seized the - To establish a Guam-based sea turtle-working group consisting of natural resource stakeholders and involve 1993 1995 The brown tree snake, Boiga irregularis, abortion procedures. In 1992 The U.S. ship for the school of their choice. Guam now trys to use Aspirin (toxic to the Full enforcement of Marine Pre- in each watershed Guam. Under Spanish rule, the Chamorro population was reduced to 2,000. to their home. island of Guam. The next day, Guam them in the refinement of the implementation plan. Citizens Security Bank Ends Ser- arrived on Guam shortly after WW II and Supreme Court sustained women's basic right Brown Tree Sankes) stuffed into dead mice serves begins Chamorro population was reduced to becomes a US territory. Six months later, the A Typhoon Hits the Caroline began to feed on the native bird population. to abortion, voting 6-3 against reviving the vices to Guam 2,000. Spanish cede Guam to the U.S. and receive The acquisition of satellite tagging materials and training was completed in March and April 2000. On June 28, Guam Attempts to Limit the 2001 Islands By 1998 an estimated 9 of 11 native birds Guam law. 2005 $20 million to vacate Cuba, Guam, Puerto 2000, an approximately 250–300 pound Green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) was Argos satellite-tagged and number of incoming Brown Tree Rising petroleum prices - changes The debt ceiling is raised in order were eliminated. Mooring Buoys installed at popular February 15, The Guam-based Citizens 1810 Rico, and the Phillipines. tracked after making a false crawl (i.e., one in which no nest was made) on Explosive Ordnance Disposal Beach, Snakes that cost of living will increase as to give tax refunds sites on the western side of the Security Bank (CSB) ended credit card and A typhoon devastated the Caroline Islands Andersen Air Force Base. A poaching arrest was also made on the following morning concerning a 22 lb. C. Guam began to use Jack Russell terriers to GCRICC identifies local navigators other services to the Bank of Marshall Islands. well 2013 and the survivors sailed to Guam, but only mydas that was illegally speared in the Tumon Bay Marine Preserve Area." check outgoing cargo for brown tree snakes. Island and drafts Local Action Strategies Residents of the Marshall Islands will be The debt in Guam reaches about $2 billion half of the population have survived. The Guam's Population was about 1999 Guam's Population was about (LAS) for four of the five chosen Spanish authorities sent the survivors to Guam's Population was about Guam's Population was about Coral Bleaching Event unable to use their credit cards after the Guam's Population was about 134,000 155,000 focus areas central Pacific nation's leading bank was cut Saipan and Tinian as labor to manage the 67,000 106,000 1994 182,111 cattle herds. 1990 2000 2003 off from a US partner by the anti-terrorist 1960 1981 Patriot Act. 2011

1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900