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BEATRICE MISSAH.Pdf
KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, KUMASI COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES FACULTY OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY LARVICICAL AND ANTI-PLASMODIAL CONSTITUENTS OF CARAPA PROCERA DC. (MELIACEAE) AND HYPTIS SUAVEOLENS L. POIT (LAMIACEAE) BY BEATRICE MISSAH SEPTEMBER, 2014 LARVICICAL AND ANTI-PLASMODIAL CONSTITUENTS OF CARAPA PROCERA DC. (MELIACEAE) AND HYPTIS SUAVEOLENS L. POIT (LAMIACEAE) A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MPHIL PHARMACOGNOSY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES BY BEATRICE MISSAH KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, KUMASI SEPTEMBER, 2014 DECLARATION I hereby declare that the experimental work described in this thesis is my own work towards the award of an MPhil and to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published by another person or material which has been submitted for any other degree of the university, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the test. ……………………………………… ………………………… Beatrice Missah Date Certified by ………………………………………… …………………………… Dr. (Mrs.) Rita A. Dickson Date (Supervisor) …………………………………………… ………………………….. Dr. Kofi Annan Date (Supervisor) Certified by ………………………………………… ………………………….. Prof. Abraham Yeboah Mensah Date (Head of Department) ii DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my dear father Mr. Bernard Missah for his immense support and care for me. iii ABSTRACT Malaria is a serious health problem worldwide due to the emergence of parasite resistance to well established antimalarial drugs. This has heightened the need for the development of new antimalarial drugs as well as other control methods. Plant based antimalarial drugs continue to be used in many tropical areas for the treatment and control of malaria and hence the need for scientific investigation into their usefulness as alternatives to conventional treatment. -
Evolutionary Consequences of Dioecy in Angiosperms: the Effects of Breeding System on Speciation and Extinction Rates
EVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES OF DIOECY IN ANGIOSPERMS: THE EFFECTS OF BREEDING SYSTEM ON SPECIATION AND EXTINCTION RATES by JANA C. HEILBUTH B.Sc, Simon Fraser University, 1996 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of Zoology) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA July 2001 © Jana Heilbuth, 2001 Wednesday, April 25, 2001 UBC Special Collections - Thesis Authorisation Form Page: 1 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada http://www.library.ubc.ca/spcoll/thesauth.html ABSTRACT Dioecy, the breeding system with male and female function on separate individuals, may affect the ability of a lineage to avoid extinction or speciate. Dioecy is a rare breeding system among the angiosperms (approximately 6% of all flowering plants) while hermaphroditism (having male and female function present within each flower) is predominant. Dioecious angiosperms may be rare because the transitions to dioecy have been recent or because dioecious angiosperms experience decreased diversification rates (speciation minus extinction) compared to plants with other breeding systems. -
ECOLOGICAL REVIEW and DEMOGRAPHIC STUDY of Carapa Guianensis
ECOLOGICAL REVIEW AND DEMOGRAPHIC STUDY OF Carapa guianensis By CHRISTIE ANN KLIMAS A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2006 Copyright 2005 by Christie A. Klimas This document is dedicated to my husband, my parents and my grandfather Frank Klimas. Thank you for everything. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, I would like to offer my heartfelt thanks to my advisor, Dr. Karen Kainer, for her continual support and patience. I thank her for her constructive criticism and motivation in reading seemingly unending iterations of grant proposals and this thesis. I also want to express gratitude to my Brazilian “co-advisor” Dr. Lucia H. Wadt for her hospitality, her assistance with my proposal, her suggestions and support with my field research. Her support helped me bridge cultural divides and pushed me intellectually. I want to thank the members of my supervisory committee: Dr. Wendell Cropper and Dr. Emilio Bruna for their support and thorough evaluation of my thesis. I also offer my sincere thanks to Meghan Brennan and Christine Staudhammer for their statistical suggestions and advice. I want to thank the Rotary International Fellowship program for their initial support of my research. My experience as a Rotary Ambassadorial Fellow was a turning point in my life, both academically and personally. It was what helped me develop the interests that I pursued in this thesis and led me to the graduate program at Florida. I want to gratefully thank those who provided essential assistance during this exploratory period. -
Extranuptial Nectaries in Carapa Aubl. (Meliaceae-Cedreloideae)
Extranuptial nectaries in Carapa Aubl. (Meliaceae-Cedreloideae) David KENFACK Center for Tropical Forest Science, MRC-166, Botany Department, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012 Washington, DC 20013-7012 (USA) [email protected] Maurice TINDO Département de biologie des organismes animaux, Faculté des sciences de l’Université de Douala, BP 24157 Douala (Cameroun) Mathieu GUEYE Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire, Département de Botanique et Géologie, Laboratoire de Botanique et Unité Mixte Internationale 3189 BP 206 Dakar (Sénégal) Kenfack D., Tindo M. & Gueye M. 2014. — Extranuptial nectaries in Carapa Aubl. (Meliaceae- Cedreloideae). Adansonia, sér. 3, 36 (2): 335-349. http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/a2014n2a13 ABSTRACT Ant-plant interactions mediated by special structures provided by plants such as domatia, extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) and food bodies, are very frequent in tropical ecosystems. To understand why ants are frequently encountered on most species of Carapa Aubl. (Meliaceae), we investigated the presence of ex- tranuptial nectaries (ENNs) in all 27 species of the genus, spanning its entire distributional range in tropical Africa and America. We report for the first time in the genus the occurrence of extrafloral nectaries (at the base of the petiole, along the rachis of the pinnately compound leaf, on bracts) petaline nectaries (on the outer surface of petals), and pericarpial nectaries (on the surface of fruits), and confirm the presence of nectaries on leaflets in Carapa. Petiolar nectaries are the most common, occurring in 85% of the species. Nectaries were mainly active in young developing plant organs. Ants were observed foraging on exu- dates from these nectaries. e secretions from these glands help to explain the KEY WORDS abundance of ants on Carapa trees. -
Biogeography and Ecology in a Pantropical Family, the Meliaceae
Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 71(Suppl. 2):335-461. 2019 335 doi: 10.26492/gbs71(suppl. 2).2019-22 Biogeography and ecology in a pantropical family, the Meliaceae M. Heads Buffalo Museum of Science, 1020 Humboldt Parkway, Buffalo, NY 14211-1293, USA. [email protected] ABSTRACT. This paper reviews the biogeography and ecology of the family Meliaceae and maps many of the clades. Recently published molecular phylogenies are used as a framework to interpret distributional and ecological data. The sections on distribution concentrate on allopatry, on areas of overlap among clades, and on centres of diversity. The sections on ecology focus on populations of the family that are not in typical, dry-ground, lowland rain forest, for example, in and around mangrove forest, in peat swamp and other kinds of freshwater swamp forest, on limestone, and in open vegetation such as savanna woodland. Information on the altitudinal range of the genera is presented, and brief notes on architecture are also given. The paper considers the relationship between the distribution and ecology of the taxa, and the interpretation of the fossil record of the family, along with its significance for biogeographic studies. Finally, the paper discusses whether the evolution of Meliaceae can be attributed to ‘radiations’ from restricted centres of origin into new morphological, geographical and ecological space, or whether it is better explained by phases of vicariance in widespread ancestors, alternating with phases of range expansion. Keywords. Altitude, limestone, mangrove, rain forest, savanna, swamp forest, tropics, vicariance Introduction The family Meliaceae is well known for its high-quality timbers, especially mahogany (Swietenia Jacq.). -
Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Carapa Guianensis Aubl. Leaves
Pharmacogn. Res. ORIGINAL ARTICLE A multifaceted peer reviewed journal in the field of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products www.phcogres.com | www.phcog.net Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Carapa guianensis Aubl. Leaves: A Medicinal Plant Native from Brazilian Amazon Tássio Rômulo Silva Araújo Luz1, José Antonio Costa Leite1, Samara Araújo Bezerra1, Ludmilla Santos Silva de Mesquita1, Edilene Carvalho Gomes Ribeiro2, José Wilson Carvalho De Mesquita1, Daniella Patrícia Brandão Silveira1, Maria Cristiane Aranha Brito2, Crisálida Machado Vilanova3, Flavia Maria Mendonça do Amaral1,3, Denise Fernandes Coutinho1,2,3 1Biological and Health Sciences Center, Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, 2Biological and Health Sciences Center, Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Maranhão, 3Department of Pharmacy, Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil ABSTRACT • The leaves are characterized by the presence of cells with straight anticlinal Background: Carapa guianensis Aubl., known as crabwood, has been walls and polyhedral shape, calcium oxalate crystals in the form of rosette in used in folk medicine as anti‑inflammatory, wound healing, and for secondary ribs and anomocytic stomata. the treatment of flu and colds. Objective: The present study aimed to establish the pharmacognostic features of C. guianensis leaves. Materials and Methods: The leaves were investigated according to the World Health Organization guideline on the pharmacognostic specification, which comprised macroscopic and microscopic assessment, phytochemical screening, and physicochemical characterization of the leaves, besides the microscopic analysis of the powder. Results: Leaves were characterized as a compound, coriaceous with elliptic shape, entire margin, acuminate apex, obtuse base, and opposite phyllotaxis. The epidermis has straight periclinal and anticlinal walls. -
Adaptations to Heterogenous Habitats: Life-History Characters of Trees and Shrubs
ADAPTATIONS TO HETEROGENOUS HABITATS: LIFE-HISTORY CHARACTERS OF TREES AND SHRUBS By AMY ELISE ZANNE A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2003 To my mother, Linda Stephenson, who has always supported and encouraged me from near and afar and to the rest of my family members, especially my brother, Ben Stephenson, who wanted me to keep this short. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Colin Chapman, for his continued support and enthusiasm throughout my years as a graduate student. He was willing to follow me along the many permutations of potential research projects that quickly became more and more botanical in nature. His generosity has helped me to finish my project and keep my sanity. I would also like to thank my committee members, Walter Judd, Kaoru Kitajima, Jack Putz, and Colette St. Mary. Each has contributed greatly to my project development, research design, and dissertation write-up, both in and outside of their areas of expertise. I would especially like to thank Kaoru Kitajima for choosing to come to University of Florida precisely as I was developing my dissertation ideas. Without her presence and support, this dissertation would be a very different one. I would like to thank Ugandan field assistants and friends, Tinkasiimire Astone, Kaija Chris, Irumba Peter, and Florence Akiiki. Their friendship and knowledge carried me through many a day. Patrick Chiyo, Scot Duncan, John Paul, and Sarah Schaack greatly assisted me in species identifications and project setup. -
ON the ORIGIN of INTERCELLULAR CANALS in the SECONDARY XYLEM of SELECTED MELIACEAE SPECIES* Oliver Dünisch1,2 & Pieter Baas
IAWA Journal, Vol. 27 (3), 2006: 281–297 ON THE ORIGIN OF INTERCELLULAR CANALS IN THE SECONDARY XYLEM OF SELECTED MELIACEAE SPECIES* Oliver Dünisch1,2 & Pieter Baas3 SUMMARY The anatomy, frequency, and origin of intercellular canals in the xylem of ten Meliaceae species (Carapa guianensis Aubl., Carapa procera DC., Cedrela odorata L., Cedrela fissilis Vell., Entandrophragma cilindricum Sprague, Entandrophragma utile Sprague, Khaya ivorensis A. Chev., Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss., Swietenia macrophylla King, Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.) were investigated using 327 samples from institutional wood collections, 398 plantation grown trees, and 43 pot cultivated plants. Tangential bands of intercellular canals and single canals were found in the xylem of all ten species. Staining of microtome sections indicated that the chemical composition of the secretion is similar to that of “wound-gums”. Studying the origin of the intercellular canals along the stem axis, it became obvious that the formation of the canals can be induced by wounding of the primary meristems (in particular by insect attacks of Hypsipyla spp., wounding of root tips) and by wounding of the cambium (formation of 43–100% of the intercellular canals). In fast growing trees of Carapa spp., Entandrophragma utile, and Khaya ivorensis, planted at an experimental site near Manaus, Brazil, numerous canals were found which were not induced by wounding of the meristems. In these trees an out of phase sequence of xylem cell development and high growth stresses were observed, which are hypothesised to be a fur- ther trigger for the traumatic formation of intercellular canals. Key words: Traumatic canals, mechanical injury, meristem, xylem cell de- velopment, growth stresses. -
Damage in Fruits of Mahogany Caused by Hypsipyla Grandella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Brasília, Brazil
doi:10.12741/ebrasilis.v11i1.690 e-ISSN 1983-0572 Publication of the project Entomologistas do Brasil www.ebras.bio.br Creative Commons Licence v4.0 (BY-NC-SA) Copyright © EntomoBrasilis Copyright © Author(s) General Entomology/Entomologia Geral Damage in fruits of mahogany caused by Hypsipyla grandella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Brasília, Brazil Marcelo Tavares de Castro¹, Sandro Coelho Linhares Montalvão² & Rose Gomes Monnerat³ 1. Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Brasília, Distrito Federal. 2. Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Brasília, Distrito Federal. 3. Laboratório de Bactérias Entomopatogênicas, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Distrito Federal. EntomoBrasilis 11 (1): 09-12 (2018) Abstract. This study aimed to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the Hypsipyla grandella (Zeller) damage in fruits of mahogany in Brasilia, Brazil. For this, fruits were collected and the analysis of each fruit was carried out by assessing the following parameters: fruit weight, fruit length and height, number of holes in fruits characteristic of H. grandella attack, size of the holes, number of larvae and pupae of H. grandella, number of seeds damaged and presence of other insects within the fruit. As a result, 190 (95%) had holes made by the larvae, used primarily for their entry and for exit later as an adult. Most of the fruits showed only a single hole (81%), but up to 5 holes were found in a single fruit. A single caterpillar can feed on various seeds, causing major damage when they attack together. Seventy-two (36%) fruits had all the seeds damaged by H. grandella, especially those containing pupae. -
A Preliminary Checklist of the Vascular Plants and a Key to Ficus of Goualougo Triangle, Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park, Republic of Congo
A Preliminary checklist of the Vascular Plants and a key to Ficus of Goualougo Triangle, Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park, Republic of Congo. Sydney Thony Ndolo Ebika MSc Thesis Biodiversity and Taxonomy of Plants University of Edinburgh Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Submitted: August 2010 Cover illustration: Aptandra zenkeri, Olacaceae Specimen: Ndolo Ebika, S.T. 28 By Sydney Thony Ndolo Ebika Acknowledgments Acknowledgments The achievement of this MSc thesis in Biodiversity and Taxonomy of Plants is the result of advice, support, help and frank collaboration between different people and organizations and institutions. Without these people this thesis could not have been achieved. My deep grateful thanks go to both Dr. Moutsamboté, J.-M. ( Rural Development Institute, Marien Ngouabi University, Republic of Congo ) and Dr. Harris, D.J. (Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh) who gave me a powerful boost in studying plants during the botanic training workshop titled Inventory and Identification they organized at Kabo, Republic of Congo, in August 2006. Especially I would like to thank Dr. Harris, because the collaboration he established with the Goualougo Triangle Ape Project, Nouabalé- Ndoki National Park (NNNP), project I was working for, and his continued support for me has been very important to my training as a botanist. The Goualougo Triangle Ape Project (GTAP) is the area where all of the specimens treated in this thesis were collected. The team of this project was always looking after me night and day from 2006 to 2009. I would like to thank both principal investigators of the Triangle both Dr. Morgan, D. and Dr. Sanz, C. for their support to me. -
Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India
RESEARCH Vol. 21, Issue 68, 2020 RESEARCH ARTICLE ISSN 2319–5746 EISSN 2319–5754 Species Floristic Diversity and Analysis of South Andaman Islands (South Andaman District), Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India Mudavath Chennakesavulu Naik1, Lal Ji Singh1, Ganeshaiah KN2 1Botanical Survey of India, Andaman & Nicobar Regional Centre, Port Blair-744102, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India 2Dept of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, School of Ecology and Conservation, G.K.V.K, UASB, Bangalore-560065, India Corresponding author: Botanical Survey of India, Andaman & Nicobar Regional Centre, Port Blair-744102, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India Email: [email protected] Article History Received: 01 October 2020 Accepted: 17 November 2020 Published: November 2020 Citation Mudavath Chennakesavulu Naik, Lal Ji Singh, Ganeshaiah KN. Floristic Diversity and Analysis of South Andaman Islands (South Andaman District), Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India. Species, 2020, 21(68), 343-409 Publication License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. General Note Article is recommended to print as color digital version in recycled paper. ABSTRACT After 7 years of intensive explorations during 2013-2020 in South Andaman Islands, we recorded a total of 1376 wild and naturalized vascular plant taxa representing 1364 species belonging to 701 genera and 153 families, of which 95% of the taxa are based on primary collections. Of the 319 endemic species of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 111 species are located in South Andaman Islands and 35 of them strict endemics to this region. 343 Page Key words: Vascular Plant Diversity, Floristic Analysis, Endemcity. © 2020 Discovery Publication. All Rights Reserved. www.discoveryjournals.org OPEN ACCESS RESEARCH ARTICLE 1. -
²êî²æ²üæ² Takhtajania Тахтаджяния
вÚÎ²Î²Ü ´àôê²´²Ü²Î²Ü ÀÜκðàôÂÚàôÜ Ð²Ú²êî²ÜÆ Ð²Üð²äºîàôÂÚ²Ü ¶ÆîàôÂÚàôÜÜºðÆ ²¼¶²ÚÆÜ ²Î²¸ºØÆ²ÚÆ ²© ²Êî²æÚ²ÜÆ ²Üì²Ü ´àôê²´²ÜàôÂÚ²Ü ÆÜêîÆîàôî ARMENIAN BOTANICAL SOCIETY INSTITUTE OF BOTANY AFTER A. TAKHTAJYAN OF NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES REPUBLIC ARMENIA АРМЯНСКОЕ БОТАНИЧЕСКОЕ ОБЩЕСТВО ИНСТИТУТ БОТАНИКИ ИМ. А. ТАХТАДЖЯНА НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК РЕСПУБЛИКИ АРМЕНИЯ Â²Êî²æ²ÜƲ äñ³Ï 4 TAKHTAJANIA Issue 4 ТАХТАДЖЯНИЯ Выпуск 4 ºñ¨³Ý Yerevan Ереван 2018 УДК 581. 9 ББК 28.5 Т244 Печатается по решению редакционного совета TAKHTAJANIA Редакционный совет: Варданян Ж. А., Грёйтер В. (Палермо), Аверьянов Л. В. (Санкт-Петербург), Гельтман Д. В. (Санкт-Петербург), Витек Э. (Вена), Осипян Л. Л., Нанагюлян С. Г. Редакционная коллегия: Оганезова Г. Г. (главный редактор), Оганесян М. Э., Файвуш Г. М., Элбакян А. А. (ответственный секретарь) Takhtajania /Армянское ботаническое общ-во, Институт ботаники им. А. Тахтаджяна НАН РА; Т 244 Ред. коллегия: Оганезова Г. Г. и др. – Ер.: Арм. ботаническое общество, 2018. Вып. 4. – 132 с. Основной тематикой сборника являются систематика растений, морфология, анатомия, флористика, эволюция, палинология, кариология, палеоботаника, геоботаника, биология и другие проблемы. 0040, Армения, Ереван, ул. Ачаряна 1, Армянское ботаническое общество (редакция Takhtajania). Телефон: (37410) 61 42 41; e-mail: [email protected] ВАК Армении включает Тахтаджания в перечень периодических научных изданий, в которых могут быть опубликованы основные результаты и положения для кандидатских диссертаций Рецензируемое издание Следующие выпуски Тахтаджания будут выходить ежегодно только в электронном виде Электронный вариант доступен на сайте www.flib.sci.am ISBN 978 –99941–2–564–7 УДК 581. 9 ББК 28.5 © Арм.