THE STUDENTh Appendix B

METERS

Poetry is rhythmic sound married to meaning. Without sound, poetry ceases to exist as such, In written form it is like sheet music, waiting to come to life in performance. This means, of course, that Qitullus should be read out loud (the ancient Romans did not read silently), and the sound should be naturally rhythmic. Catullus Meter is the “measure” or rhythm of poetry. It is as old as language itself; the actual meters used by atullus are believed to be prehistoric Indo-European rhythms developed and handed down by the Greek poets. For our purposes, lines of poetry are best understood as a sequence of metrical feet. Each foot is a series of two, three, or four syllables that combine to form a metrical building block. The commonest such building blocks in Catullus are:

—the dactyl, as in ,eni’, Tsbic’. —the spondee, as in13 qiii A7i —the iamb, as in cano,,__.,____su,s, meae.‘,— —the trochee, as in qTiaeils, i’s, iThs. —the choriamb, as in p-;ig

As the last example shows, a foot does not necessarily begin or end with a single word. In fact, word divisions and foot divisions are more or less independent of each other, as in this line made up of six iambs: sl_v_. — S1_S _%1 Phaselus ille, quem videtis, hospites

When a meter does call for word ending at the end of a foot, that pause in the line is a diaeresis. There is a strongly felt diaeresis in the middle of the elegiac pentameter:

_v_ v_ — vV—., ‘— cogit amare magis, sed hene velle minus

In scansion, feet may be marked by single vertical lines; a regular pause (diaeresis or c’esura) is indicated by double lines (II). The rhythm of poetic language is also independent of its regular prose accent, C’ano, for example, is accented on the penult, but its natural rhythm is iambic. Syllables have quantity or length as well as accent. Because a long syllable takes more time to pronounce than a short one, every word has a built-in quantitative rhythm as well as a stress accent. Quantity is the basis of meter in Latin poetry. In poetry, the regular stress accent of words is subordinated to the metrical rhythm set up by the patterns of long and short syllables. Latin poetry is thus different from English because our poetic rhythms arc felt in the beat of word- accent. Hence in the meter of Longfellow’s Evangeline / / / F / This is the forest primval, the murmuring pine and the hemlock the natural accent of the words falls into a rhythmic heat of six dactyls that we recognize as a dactylic hexameter. A corresponding line of Homeric, Catullan, or Virgilian hexameter carries its rhythms more by musically, in a sequence of long and short syllables that strike the ear like half notes and quarter notes: — V — _v V— V— Daniel H. Vesper adest, iuvenes, consurgitc: Vesper Olympo 171 Garrison J The Students Catullus Appendix B: Meters

More often than not, the caesura D sense the difference between long “half-note” syllables (marked and short quarter-note” syllables in dactylic hexameter is neither strongly felt nor mai ked by a pause in ) phrasing; in this respect it is quite different from the diaercsis in the pentameter of elegiac verse, aarked ), it is necessary to keep in mind two basic rules of quantity. Hexameter tends to observe line end with a break in the phrasing. When that break is strong enough A syllable is long if it contains a vowel that is long by nature, like the ablative singular ending in the to be punctuated by a semicolon, colon, period, or question mark, the line is end stopped. At the other first declension puella, or the dative and ablative plurals of the first and second declensions (e.g., extreme, when the absence of a break is conspicuous, the resulting run-on is called enjamhrnent: pueris). The lexicon in this book indicates naturally long vowels with a macron (e.g.,progenies). Sueh vowels are long because they take longer to pronounce. Diphthongs, because they contain two Certe ‘ago teTnisnn vowels, also take longer to pronounce and are therefore long by nature: aequor, coepi, aurum, de jade (ei as in deign), and Eurnenides all begin with a long syllable containing a diphthong. eripul, et potius germanum anutterc crevi A syllable is long if it contains a vowel that is long by position, that is, if it is followed by two Here Catullus has held back consonants. These consonants have the effect of slowing down pronunciation of the syllable, the verb enui, forcing us to hurry on to the next line to complete the sense. This gives dramatic force whether or not they are technically part of that syllable. For example, in the phrase Iepidurn novurn to the verb in a speech filled with emotion (the words are Ariadne’s, seduced and abandoned by libellurn, the otherwise short last syllable of lepidum becomes long because it is followed by the Theseus on a desert island). The passionate rush of the first line in this pair is enhanced by elision, which makes the consonant beginning novum. It takes longer to pronounce urn-n than to say urn. By the same token, words stream together: cert-ego tein medio. In Latin verse, a word ending in a vowel elides with the end of novurn becomes long by position because of the duration of the urn-I sound. Finally, the the next word if it begins with a vowel. In scansion, elision is marked by a connecting symbol beneath the e of libellum is phonetically short, but the foot is metrically long because it precedes two i’s that are line: certejgo, Q,in. A final rn in Latin is so weak that it is ignored as a phonetic element and elided: note the pronounced individually: Iibel-Iurn, Exceptions: x = cs and counts as a double consonant: a elision of germanum above and the resultant pronunciation: german-arnittere. Likewise, an initial h is weak preceding vowel therefore makes position.” The combination of a mute (b, c, c4 f g p, and t) with enough to be elided: a following liquid (I, rn, n, and r) makes a blended consonant before which a vowel may or may not qiTr solum iiicc ‘ “make position.” This is the “tnuta corn liquida” rule, TcT cgnitmrrnh’mb

In the above line both final rn’s and initial h’s are lost Reading Latin meter, like riding a bicycle, is more complicated to explain than to do. The commonest in elision: soloc died .w cogrutabere. ‘1 hese rules of elision apply in all Latin meters. Actual practice atullan meters, such as the hendecasyllabic verse and the elegiac couplet, can be read instinctively after in pronouncing elided words varies. Some readers prefer to pronounce all elided sounds, reducing one little practice because the rhythm will come naturally. of the two to a kind of grace note: te in would thus become tein. Elisions in Dante and Italian opera are usually treated in this way. The other method is to omit the first of the elided syllables, for example reading solurn hoc above as robe, There is no hard and fast rule, actylic hexameter, the traditional meter of epic since Homer, is used in poems 62 and 64. It also forms Elegiac couplets, named after the meter te first line of every elegiac couplet. Rapid and flexible, it avoids monotony by permitting the substitution used in Archaic Greek elegy and Ilellenistic epigram, are Gatullus’ 1 favorite meter, used in poems 65—116. In this meter, the ‘a spondee for a dactyl in any of the first four feet. “Spondaic lines” (with a spondee in the fifth foot) rapid dactylic hexameter (see above) alternates with a rather slower pentameter, so called because e exceptional, though they appear more often in Catullus than in Virgil or Ovid, some 30 times in poem of its two and a half dactyls on either side of a strongly felt diaeresis. Diaeresis is cancelled by elision only alone, The final syllable, marked with the x, is syllaba anceps, either long or short. The metrical schema eighteen times in a total of 323 pcntametcrs, almost always for pictorial or emotional effect. No substitution is permitted in the last half of the pentameter, written as follows: imposing a f predictability and restraint on the line as well as a sense of closure on the couplet as a whole, — z:-z — — — — .. — The alternation of lines and the divided pentameter give poems in this meter an ebb and flow that is adaptable to many moods. ilowable substitutions or resolutions are indicated by superscripted long or short marks in the schema. he fifth foot of the hexameter is regularly a dactyl; the exceptional line, where a spondee is substituted the fifth foot, is called a spandaic line, even if there are no other spondees in the line. Catullus admits ore spondaic lines than Virgil in his hexameters. This meter usually has a caesura near the middle, so ---I!---x lIed because it cuts the third foot in two. When a word ends immediately after the first syllable of the ird foot, it makes a ,nasculine caesura, also called the principal caesura because most hexameter lines iuse at this point: Galliambic, cum lecti iuvn, rTv r’bi iibis, a one-purpose meter invented for poems about C)’belc and her Galli or casti ated priests, is better suited to the more frequent short syllables of Greek. (‘atullus uses it only in poem 63, where its metimes, as in this and the next example, the caesura is reinforced by a break in the phrasing, marked usual pattern is a comma. When the pause comes between the short syllables of a dactylic third foot, it is a feminine

iesura: - - --IH - - — %i ‘ _i< sed conubia lacta, sed optatos hymenaeos Pairs I of short syllables are fairly interchangeable with long syllables; resolutions of long syllables make line

172 173 The Stude,ttt Catullus Appendix B: Meters

63 the longest line in the poem: Iambic trimeter, used in poem 52, is the meter of Archilochus and other writers of Greek iambic poetry. Its three pairs of iambs are broken by a caesura in the middle of the third foot. A spondee may be vy vvv v— U UVUV. substituted for an iamb in the first and third feet. Ego mulier, egojdulescens, egoyphebus, ego puer;

At the other extreme, substitutions make line 73 the shortest and heaviest:

— — ,. —— — — ‘.1 lam iam dolet quod egi, I! iam iamque paenitet. Limping iambics, also called choliambics and scazons, have five iamhs (“ —) and a trochee (—‘.) or The caesura is always clear, and the line is heavily end-stopped. spondee (— j. Spondees may be substituted in the first and third feet. Invented by the Greek poet Hipponax (sixth cent. B.C.), it is associated with satirical themes. Ostullus uses this meter seven times, once in self-mockery (8), typically in mocking others (22, 39, 44, 59, 60), once in an expressiots of joy (31). Because Latin words are always accented on a long penult, the prose accent corresponds with tlte metrical Glyconic and Pherecratean stanzas in poems 34 and 61 combine three or four glyeonic lines emphasis in the last word of each line, giving the meter a conversational quality.

— —--— -x —x with a pherecratean: — — x Priapean is named after the phallic god Priapus because hymns to hint were writtets in this meter in the glyconic and phereerateati measures used in poetns 34 The system is as old as the Greek lyric poet Anacreon (sixth century B.C.). Each stanza observes synaph Hellenistic times. It combines in a single line only. aea, a fastening together of lines into a single metrical unit. Hiatus between lines is avoided, and each and 61, with a caesura in between. It is used in poetsi 17 glvconic ends with a syllable that is long by nature or position (the next line beginning with a consonant). - - - -ll- -x

Greater Aselepiadean goes as far back as Sappho and Alcaeus but is named after the third century B.C. B.C.), is used in poems 11 and 51, Greek epigrammatist Asclepiades of Samoa, It is a sixteen-syllable line built around three ehoriambs, with Sapphic strophe, named after Sappho of Lcsbos (seventh-sixth cent. it consists of three sderitical lines a tendency to pause between each. There arc no substitutions or resolutions. Catullus uses this meter only perhaps his last and first poems to Lesbia respectively. A lyric meter, in poem 30. followed by an adonic, which gives the stanza a sense of closure because it ts the normal rhythm at the end of a hexameter. The caesura marked its this schema is observed itt about two-thirds of Ostullus’ Sapphics. — — — — — B — — (3 tintes)

— -- —x ilendecasyllabic, also called Phalaccian after the fourth-century B.C. Greek poet Phalaecus, is a lyric meter like the glyconic and the sapphic. Its name derives from its eleven syllables. All but seventeen of the first sixty poems in our collection are in this meter. Its insistent iambic second half gives it a colloquial, vernacular quality that evokes the comic stage and the rhythms of street language.

— .- — — — - —x 4”

Iambic senarius, a pure iambic trimcter composed of six iambs, appears only in atullus 4 and 29.

Iambic tetrameter catalectic is four (tetra-) pairs of iambs with the final syllable lopped off (hence Datalectic, “stopping” or “leaving off before the end). There is a caesura in the middle, after the second iambic pair. Appears only in poem 25. [

x

174 175 THE CATULLAN VOCABULARY

NOTA BENE: Any lexicon definition is an approximate equivalen4 not an exact meaning. A translation which mechanically substitutes English “meanings”for Latin words is courting disaster, Avoid “transla tionese” by interpreting Units of meaning rather than isolated words, The English word.s provided here are based on Catullan usage and the Oxford Latin Dictionary (abbr OLD). Baic and root meanings precede secondary, derived, or metaphoric meanings.

ABBREVIATIONS

abbr. = abbreviated mdcci. = indeclinable p1. .= pluial adj. = adjective indcf, indefinite postpos. = postpositive adv. = adverb infin. = infinitive pple. participle cf. = confer, compare intr. intransitive prep. — preposition comp. = comparative iterat. iterative on, pronoun conj. = conjunction metaph. = metaphoric ag — singular dep. = deponent mod. = modern spec. specifically dim. = diminutive OLD = Oxfoid Latin Dictionary she sometimes end. = enclitic orig. originally subst, — substantive Eng. = English part. = particle or partitive superl. = superlative esp. = especially pass. = passive w/ = with freq. frequentative perh. perhaps w/abl., w/dat., etc. — syntactically Gk. Greek pers. person linked with nouns in ablative, impers. = impersonal pf. perfect dative, etc. = derived from

A: expletive of distress, pity, or entreaty. engulf A, ab: prep. w/abl., from abstergeA, -tergCre, -tersi, -tersum: wipe clean abdücO, -dücere, -düxl, -ducturn: lead off, entice abstincO, -crc, -ul, -stentum: keep away away absum, -esse, Aful, fut. infin. Afore: be absent abeA, -ire, -lvi, -iturn: go away or out; come off, absümO, -sumere, -sumpal, -sumptum: use up, turn out; escape criticism or other consequences consume, exhaust; do away with, remove by abhorreO, irc, -ul: shrink back from; be inconsis death tent abutor, -Atl, -Asus: use up; squander, exploit, abuse abiciô, -icere, -led, -iectuin: throw away, cast off; ac, atquc: and; with comparisons, than dismiss, belittle, minimize acceptus, -a, -urn: welcome, acceptable, pleasing abiegnus, -a, -urn: made of silver fir; poet., wooden accido, -cidere, -cidi: reach, get thiough to, impinge abitus, -As, rn.: departure, exit upon; fall; befall; happen abiungo, -iungere, -iunxi, -luncturn: separate, accipio, -cipere, -cepi, -cepturn: receive, accept; detach hear abluO, -lucre, -Jut, -lAturn: wash away, wash clean accubo, -Arc: lie, recline abrumpO, -rumpere, -rApt, -rupturn: break; break Acer, Acris, Acre, comp. Acrior, -ius: sharp, bitter, off, separate vehement, intense abruptus, -a, -urn: steep, sheer acerbus, -a, -urn, comp. adv. acerbius: bitter; cruel, abscondO, -crc, -I, -iturn: conceal harsh, painful absorbeo, -sorbCre, -sorbul, -sorpturn: devour, acervus, -1, in,: heap, pile, mass

185 The Student’s Catullus The Catullan Vocabulary

with Mamurra Achilles, -is, in,: son of Peleus and Thetis, greatest own age, contemporary ales, -itis: winged Anseana, -Sc, C prostitute associated poem appendix of the Greek warriors in the Trojan War, tragic acquit: adv. to the same degree, as hies, alitis, rn. or f.: a large bird, bird of prey; an in 41; see A demented, mad, insane hero of Homer’s Iliad acquinoctialis, -e: adv., associated with the vernal omen or augury, such as might be obtained arnens, -ntis: any friend; girlfriend, mis Achivus, -1, m.: an Achaean, a Greek man or autumnal equinox from the observation of birds arnica, -ae, f.: female tress; (euphemistic) courtesan, prostitute aciCs, -ei, f.: a sharp edge; the sight of one’s eyes, aequO, -are: make level, even, or smooth Alfenus, -i, rn.: nomen gentile of P. Alfenus Varus cloak vision aequor, -uris, n: a smooth expanse; hence water, and others; see appendix A arniciU, -eli-c, -cul, -cturn: cover, acinus, -1, m.: grape the sea alga, -ae, f: seaweed arnicitia, -ac, f: friendship arnictus, -us, us.: a mantle or cloak Acme, -Cs, f.: (Gk. = flower, prime) woman’s name aequoreus, -a, -urn: of the sea, maritime algidus, -a, -urn: cold -1, dim. arniculus: friend in poem 46 aequus, -a, -urn: level, equal; fair, just alid: see alias arnicus, us. dismiss, give up, acquiesco, -quiescere -quiCvi: rest, relax, subside ãCr, fseris, m, ace. hera: air aliCnus, -a, -urn: belonging to another person or amitto, -crc, brnisi, hrnissum: acOtus, -a, -urn: sharp ãCrius or ãereus, -a, -urn: of the air, airy people; foreign forfeit; lose

... river ad: prep. w/acc., to, at aes, aeris, n.: copper, bronze, or brass; coin, money allo: adv., to another place; alio alio, in one ainnis, -is, In. & C.: addO, addere, addidi, addilurn: add aestimätiO, -Unis, C.: price, monetary value direction ... in another arnO, -are: love -Uris, us.: love; personified, the god of love; adeo, -ire, -ivi, -iturn: approach, go to, visit aestirnO, -are: appraise, value, esteem aliquis, aliquid: indef. pron., someone, something; amor, loves; the object of one’s adeO: adv., to a point (where); to such a degree, so aestuU, -are: blaze; swelter; burn with pain or indef. adj., some amorcs: affection; or girlfriend adhortor, -an: urge on desire; toss about, seethe, writhe aliunde: adv. from elsewhere a,nor, a boyfriend C: wife Neptune; by melon., the adimo, -mere, -Cmi, -emptum: remove, take acstuOsus, -a, -urn: hot, sweltering alius or alis, alia, aliud or alid: other, another AnsphitnitC, -Cs, of adipiscor, -ipisci, -eptus: catch up with, attain, win aestus, -us, m.: heat, hot weather; swell (of the Allius, -i, rn.: friend of Catullus addressed in poem sea ArnphitryOnmadCs, -ae, us,: Hercules, male descen aditus, -Os, in.: approach sea), flood; tumult 68 adiOrO, -are: affirm with an oath; swear by (w/acc.) aetãs, actfstis, f.: age, lifetime allocOtiO, -Onis, f.: encouraging talk dant of Amphittyon -plexus: embrace adiuvU, -iuvãre, -iOvi, -iOturn: help; make things aeternus, -a, -urn: eternal, everlasting alloquor, -Ioqui, -locOtus: speak to, address amplector, -plecti, easy aethCr, -ens, rn.: the upper regions of space; upper allOdO, -lUdere, -lOsi, -lüsurn: play with arnplificC: magnificently, splendidly further; longer admiror, -mirãri, -rnirbtus: marvel or wonder at, air alluO, -uere, -Ui: flow past, wash, lap amplius: adv., more, questions with note of admire aetherius, -a, -urn: of the sky or heavens alnus, -1, f.: an alder tree an: particle introducing indignation: can it be that ._‘?; (after admoveO, -rnovCre, -mOvi, -mUturn: move near, Aethiops, -opts, rn.: an Ethiopean alO, -crc, alui, alturn: nurse, feed, foster; cherish surprise or stretch out toward aevurn, -1, n: time; a very long period of time, an Alpits, -iurn, fern. p1.: the Alps, high mountains utru7n) or adolescens, -entis, us. or f.: youth age bordering Italy on the north anceps, -cipitis: double-edged slave Aduneus, -i, us.: archaic Lat, form of Adonis, afferO, -ferre, attuli, allãtum: bring along, come alter, -era, -erurn: a second, one or the other (of ancilla, -ac, f.: slave girl, female

... -Unis, f., Gk. ace. Ancona: a town on the handsome youth loved by Venus with two); alter ... alter: one the otiser AncUn, Picenum adorior, -oniri, -ortus: attack; begin afliciU, -ficere, -fitci, -fecturn: produce an effect on; altus, -a, -urn: high, deep; loud Adriatic coast in Androgeos, son of adserO, -serene, -sCvi, -situin: plant near treat, visit arnãbilis, -e, camp. arnäbilior: lovable Androgeoneus, -a, -urn: of adser’O, -are: keep safe, guard afiligo, -Iligere, -flixi, -flicturn: hit; afflict arnans, -ntis, in. or C.: sweetheart, lover Minos and Pasiphaë lane adsum, -esse, afui: be present afore: see absum amãracus, -i, in.: marjoram, an aromatic plant angiportum, -i, n.: alley, and anguinus, -a, -urn: snaky, made of snakes adulter, -eel, in.: an illicit lover, adulterer Africus, -a, -urn: of Africa related to thyme mint confine adultera, -ae, C.: an unchaste woman; a mistress Aganippe, -Cs, f.: a spring in Boeotia sacred to the arnCritiCs, -Ci, C.: bitterness angusto, -hi-c: to make narrow, adulteriurn, -1, n.: an adulterous act; adultery Muses, and the nymph who lived there Arnarunsius, -a, -urn: belonging to a place in Boe augustus, -a, -inn: narrow adveniO, -ire, -vent, -venturn: arrive at, come to ager, agri, rn.: a piece of land; territory otis sacred to Artemis/Diana; Arnarunsia Virgo: isnhClO, -hi-c: breathe hard, gasp, pant adventO, -are: (freq. of advenio) approach, draw agger, -ens, rn: fill, rubble; a mound Diana aniliths, -htis, f.: old womanhood near agito, -are: freq. of ago, shake amarus, -a, -urn, comp. amarior: bitter; (of wine) anirna, -us, f.: breath mind; cx anirno, from the heart adventus, -us, us.: approach, arrival agnoscu, -noscere, -nOvl, -nitum: recognize dry, tart anirnus, -i, In,: the hook of annals or chronicles; adversus, -a, -urn: opposite, facing agO, agere, egi, acturn: drive, do, conduct, throw; Arnastnis, -idis, f.: the capital of Paphlagonia, on annhlis, -is, us.: a several books advocO, -are: call upon, summon draw (breath); be engaged in; colloq. imper. the southern shore of the Black Sea (p1.) a chronicle in = an; introducing questions with AeCtCus, -a, -urn: of Aeetes, king of olchis and age! agedurn! agite!, come! Amathus, -tantis, C., Gk. ace. Arnathunta: a town in anne (an + tie): surprise or indignation: can it be that father of Medea agricola, -ac, in.: farmer rprus note of Aegeus, -ci, m.: king of Athens, father of Theseus hiiO (but 3rd sing. ftit regularly in Catullus): say Arnssthusia, -ae, C.: Venus, so-called because of her annul, annOturn: nod assent; consent aegrutus, -a, -urn: diseased ala, -ae, f.: wing; upper arm worship at Ansathus annult, -ucre, m.: year Aegyptus, -i, f.: Egypt alacer, -ens: moving nimbly, lively; eager ambO, -ae, -0, datjabl. ambobus, -abus: p1. adj. & annus, -I, -a, -sins: yearly Aeniilius, -a, -urn: Roman nomen genlile in poem albich, -are: have a whitish tinge pron., both annuus, 97 albus, -a, -urn, dim. albulus: white; transparent, arnbrosia, -ae, f.: the food of the gods, ambrosia anser, -ens, us.: goose previously aemulus, -I, us.: rival clear, colorless arnbulhtiU, -Unis, f.: the act of walking; a place for ante: adv., before, in front of, before aequalis, -is, m. or f: peer; companion of one’s Melt, -Onis, in.: a habitual gambler walking, covered walk, portico ante: prep. w/aee.,

186 187 The Stmsdenty Catullm The Catuilan Vocabulary anteC: adv. (ante + ea), previously ing attingo, -tingcrc, -tigi, -tacturn: touch; touch upon Cvcrtd, -vertene, -verti, -vcnsurn: divert; remove, antenna, -ac, f.: the horizontal yardarm of a sailing Aniadna, -ac, f.: Ariadne, daughter of Minos and (in speaking), mention steal ship Pasiphaë, half-sister of the Minotaur Attis, -idis, rn. & f.: in myth, a eunuch consort of avia, -ac, f.: grandmother Antirnachus, -i, in.: Greek name, e.g., of Anti Ariadncus, -a, -urn: of Aniadne the goddess ‘bele avidus, -a, -urn: greedy; ardently desirous, passion machus of Colophon, poet of 5/4 cent, B.C. Cridus, -a, -urn, dim. aridulus: dry attrahC, -traherc, -traxl, -tracturn: draw with force; ate famed for his prolixity arista, -ac, f.: an ear of grain draw up avitus, -a, -urn: of a gi andfather; ancestral antique: adv., in the ancient way armO, -Crc: arm, equip with arms attribuO, -tribucrc, -tribuC, -tribCturn: assign, allot CvolO, -Crc: fly away antiquus, -a, -urn: lying in front; ancient ArpocratCs, -is, rn.: Harpoerates or Horus, Egyptian attnitus, -a, -urn (pple. of attere): worn away avunculus, -i, in.: maternal uncle antistU, -stOre, -stiti: fw/dat.) surpass god represented with finger to mouth as if auctO, -are: cause to grow or prosper; bless (w/abl.) avus, -1, in.: grandfather Antius, -a, -urn: Roman nornen gentile; see appen enjoining silence; hence, a person who keeps a auctus, -a, -urn: increased in size, power, wealth, or axis, -is, irs. dim. axulus: board, plank dix A secret importance; enriched, enhanced Bacchans, -antis, f,: a Baechant or Maenad, female anus, -us, f.: old woman; as fem, adj., old, aged Arnius, -i, in.: Roman nomen gentile (see appendix aucupiurn, -ii, n.: the sport of fowling; game birds, worshiper of Bacehus/Dionysus anxius, -a, -urn: anxious A) wild fowl bacchon, -Cr1: celebrate rites of Baeehus; act like a Aonius, -a, -urn: of Aonia, the part of Boeotia ars, artis, f.: craftsmanship (ef. Ok. technC) audac(i)tcr: adv., boldly Baeehant, rave which includes Mt. Helicon ArsinoC, -Cs, f.: wife of Ptolemy II, deified and audax, audOcis: bold; audacious, reckless, rash Balbus, -1, in,: Ronsan cognomen in poem 67 aper, aprl, in, or f.: wild hoar identified with Aphrodite audeC, -Crc, ausi or ausus: semi-dep., dare balneanius, -a, -urn: of the baths aperio, -ire, aperut, apertum: open articulus, -i, rn.: joint; finger audio, -ire, -lvi, -Iturn: hear, pay attention to barathrurn, -1, n.: pit, chasm, abyss apertus, -a, -urn: open anus, -Cs, rn.: joint; limb; part of the body, mem aufcrO, -me, abstuli, ablCturn: carry away banba, -ftc, f,: beard Apheliotes, -ftc, in: the east wind ber AuflllCnus, -a: name of brother and sister in poem barbarus, -a, -urn: outlandish; “baiharian,” spec. apiscor, apisci: seize, grasp; obtain aruspiciurn, -ii, n.: divination, interpretation of 100 (see appendix A) non-Greek, e.g., Persian appareO, -Crc, -parui, -pariturn: be visible omens augcO, augCrc, auxi, aucturn: augment, increase; bCsiCtiO, -onis, f,: a kissing, kissification appeto. -crc. -lvi, -iturn: try to reach; seek; attack arvurn, -1, n.: tilled field; field; tillable land glorify; enhance, equip, furnish bCsiO, -Crc: kiss applicO, -arc: press, lean against anx, arcis, I’.: the fortified eminence of a city, aura, -ac, f.: breeze, wind bCsiurn, -1, n.: a kiss approbatiO, -Onis, f: approval, assent citadel aurãtus, -a, -urn: gilded; golden BattiadCs, -ac, in.: an inhabitant of q’rene approbo, -Crc: express approval of, commend; as, assis, rn.: a copper coin of negligible value, like AurClius, -a, -urn: belonging to the Roman gem’ (founded by Battus), esp. the poet (allimachus prove the excellence of a penny Aurelia; see appendix A Battus, -1, in.: legendary founder of (yreise aptus, -a, -urn: tied, prepared, ready Asia, -ac, f.: Asia, esp. Asia Minor; the East aureus, -a, -urn, dim, aurcolus: golden bcCtus, -a, -urn, adv. beCte, conip. beCtion, -ius: apud, aput: prep. w/aec., at, near, by; at the house Asinius, -a, -urn: belonging to the Roman gens auricula, -ae, f.: dim. of auris, ear happy, blessed; i ieh, well-to-do of Asinia; see appendix A, Asinius Marrucinus aurifer, -era, -erurn: gold-bearing bcIIC: nicely, becomingly aqua, -ftc, f,: water asinus, -1, rn.: ass, donkey auris, -is, f., dim. aunicula: ear bcllurn, -1, n.: war Aquinus, -I, rn.: name of a Roman poet Asius, -a, -urn: belonging to the Lydian coast in the AurOra, -ac, f.: the goddess of Dawn bcllus, -a, -urn: pretty, nice, fine, charming Cra, -ac, f.: altar area of Ephesus, near the mouth of the ayster aururn, -1, n.: gold bcnc: adv., well Arabs, -is, rn., Gk. ace. p1. Arabas: an Arabian River Aurunculcia, -ftc, f.: the bride in poem 61 (also bcncfacturn, -1, n.: benefit, good deed aranca, -ac, f.: spiderweb, cobweb; spider aspernor, -Cr1: push away, reject, scorn, spurn named Junia in line 16—see appendix A) benigne: adv., benevolently, kindly arOncOsus, -a, -urn: cobwehhy aspicid, -spiccrc, -spexi, -specturn: look upon; look auscultO, -Crc: listen, overhear, eavesdrop on BcronicCus, -a, -urn: belonging In Berenice arCneus, -i, in.: spider aspiro, -Crc: breathe; blow auspicCtus, -a, -urn, comp. auspicCtior, -ius: ap bestia, -ae, f.: beast, creature arOtrurn, -1, n.: plow assiduC: adv,, continually, constantly proved by augury; auspicious, fortunate, lucky helms, -ac, f.: beet arbiter, -tn, rn.: spectator, onlooker assiduus, -a, -urn: settled; constantly present, per auspiciurn, -i, n: augury or omen taken from birds; bibO, bibcrc, bibi: drink anbitriurn, -1, n.: arbitration; authority; will sistent, unremitting any portent or omen bigac, -Crurn, f. p1.: a pair of horses (or the chariot arbitror, -On: observe, consider, judge, reckon Assyrius, -a, -urn: Assyrian; (by extension) Asiatic, Austcr, Austni, rn.: the south wind drawn by them) arbor, -uris, f.: tree oriental aut: or birnus, -a, -urn, dim. birnulus: two years old area, -ac, f.: chest, coffer; money at: disjunctive conj., but, nevertheless, yet, however, autcrn: postpos. part., on the other hand, while, Bithynia, -ac, f: Roman province on the northwest ardens, -ntis: passionate, aident yes but furthermore, also coast of Asia Minor, where (‘atullus served on ardeo, ardCre, ansi: burn, blaze Ctcr, ãtra, Ctrurn: black, dark-complexioned auturnO, -Crc: say the administrative staff of Memnmius in 57-56 ardor, -Oris, rn.: conflagration; passion AthCnac, -Crurn, f.: Athens auxiliurn, -1, n.: aid, assistance, help B.C. argenturn, -1, n.: silver Athos, -Onis, rn.: mountain on the peninsula of avarus, -a, -urn: greedy, avaricious B1thnus, -a, -urn: Bithynian Argivus, -a, -urn: Argive; by meton., Greek Acte in the Chalcidice. aye: interj., a formal expression of greeting, hail! blandus, -a, -uns: charming, ingratiating, seductive, arguO, -uerc, -ui, -Cturn: show, reveal; prove wrong atquc, ac: and greetings! sweet argutCtiO, -Onis, f.: a creaking, squeaking, chatter atqui: eonj., but; moreover CvchO, -vchcrc, -vexi, -vectum: carry off bornbus, -i, in,: a low, booming tound ing noise attarncn: nevertheless CvdllO, -vellcrc, -vcllt, -volsurn: tear away boni, -onurn, rn. p1.: men of substance and social argutus, -a, -uns: clear-sounding, squeaking, creak- attcnuO, -Crc: make thin, reduce, thin out avcO, -Crc: desire, yearn standing

188 189 The Studentc Catullus The Catullan Vocabulaty

plight Bonbniensis, -e: from Bononia (mod Bologna) calarnus, -1, rn.: a reed; reed pipe situation, tutor of Achilles, famous for his medical skill catagraphus, -t, rn.: a piece of embroidery, an chornmodus, -a, -urn: see cornrnodus bonurn, -1, n: any good thing or circumstance, calathiscus, -1, m.: a small basket embroidered cloth chorCa, -ae, a circle dance; choral dancers boon, blessing, benefit; p1., “goods” as property, caligo, caliginis, f.: darkness, murk f.: catëna, -ac, f.: chain, fetter chorus, one’s estate calix, -icis, rn.: dish; drinking cup -f, rn.: a singing and dancing peiformance; caterva, -ae, f.: company, squadron, mass a singing and dancing group, chorus, troupe bonus, -a, -urn: good; of “good” social standing CallistO, f., Gk. dat, CallistO: daughter of Lycaon, CatO, -Unis, m: Roman cognomen in poem 56 cibus, -1, rn.: food bonus, -i, in.: a solid citizen; a citizen of the better changed into a she-bear and then into the Caiullus, -i, rn.: cognomen of Gaius Valerius Catul cieO, ciCre, civi, clturn: move, set in motion; rouse, class constellation Ursa Major lus raise, produce BoUtbs, -ae, m.: the constellation Bootes Calvus or Calvos, -1, rn.: cognomen of C. Licinius catulus, -1, in.: puppy, whelp Cieros: an old town in 1’hecaliotis southwestern Boreãs, -ae, rn,: the nurth wind Calvus; see appendix A friend -ae, tail brAchiurn, -1, n. dim. brachiolurn: arm Carnerius, -a, -urn: nomen gentile of Catullus’ cauda, f.: Thessaly caveO, -era, cUvt, caturn: beware cimex, -icis, m.: bedbug breve, -is, n.: a short space of time; abl, brevi, sought in poem 55 and 58b deep in,: a within a short time Campus, -i, in.: plain, field cavus, -a, -urn: hollow; cunaedus, -I, catamite or passive homosexual, brevis, -e: short, brief, scant candeU, -ére, candut: shine, gleam, glisten, sparkle Cecropia, -ae, f.: Athens, the city of Cecrops, first ne who submits to anal mtercourse; an effeini white; king of Attica nate male Britannia, -ae, f.: Britain candidus, -a, -urn, comp. candidior: bright; Britannus, -1, in,: a native of Britain, a Briton fair-skinned (implying beauty); gorgeous (of a Cecropius, -a, -urn: Athenian cunacdus, -a, -urn, camp. cunaedior, -ius: resembling Brixia, ae, f.: mod, Brescia, a town in Cisalpine woman) cedU, -crc, cessi, cessurn: go; go away, depart or typical of a cinaedus; loosely used of a lewdly slut Gaul canis, -is, in. or f: dog; (f.) bitch celebrU, -Ure: throng, fill, crowd; perform, celebrate contemptible person, (tent.) of cincrUrius, -I, m.: hairdresser bustum, -t, n.: funeral pyre; grave mound canitis, -ëî, f.: white or gray coloring; whiteness celer, celeris, celere, superl. celerrimus, -a, -urn: surround; buxifer, -era, -erurn: producing box-trees (the hair; gray hair swift cingo, cingere, cmxi, cincturn’, crown cinis, cuncris, in. or f,: ash; burned-out funeral pyre Buxus yields boxwood, a close-grained, heavy, canO, -era, cccliii, canturn: sing celerO, -are: hurry a in.: name, e.g., C. Helvius tough hardwood) CanOpitae, -ãrum, I’.: adj., Canopic; of Canopus, edO, -are: conceal Cinna, -ae, a family Nile delta Celtibër, -era, -erum: of or from Celtiberia inna, Ottullus’ friend. See appendix A cachinnus, -1, in.: laugh, guffaw; metaph. of rippling suburb of Alexandria on the the circurn: pre. w/acc., around waves cantus, -Us, in.: song; sound of instruments CeltibCria, -ae, f.: district in northeastern part cacU, -are: delecate cãnus, -a, -urn: white, whitened of central Spain, so-called because its natives circumcursO, -arc: run around enclose cacüinen, -mis, n.: peak, tip caper, caprt, rn.: he goat, billy goat were a mixture of Celts and Iberians circurndO, -dare, -dedi, -daturn: m ing, circle, cadO, -eEc, eecidt, casuin: fall caplllãtus, -a, -urn: long-haired cena, -ad, f.: dinner (the principal Roman meal, clrcurnsiliO, -ire: spring or leap around evening) gather or crowd around, Caecilius, -a, -urn: Roman nomen gentile; see capillus, -1, m.: hair normally eaten in the circurnsistO, -sistere: appendix A capiO, capere, cëpi, capturn: catch, snatch cCnO, -are: dine surround caecus, -a, -urn: blind; dark caprimulgus, -1, m.: goat milker centurn: mdccl. adj., a hundred circurnstU, -stare: stand around holding in.: a circle; a oval amena caedës, -is, 1’.: killing, murder; gore capsula, -ae, f.: a small cylindrical case for Cerês, Cereris, f.: Demeter, goddess of grain; by circus, -1, circular or caedO, caedere, cecidi, caesum: strike, strike dead; book rolls meton., food where public games are held, esp. the C’ircus to “beat” with sexual intercourse; cut through, captU, -Ure: try to catch; w/aure, try to hear cennO, -crc, crCvi, crCturn: sift; distinguish; decide, Maximus in Route hew caput, capitis, n.: head determine; make out, perceive cista, -ac, f.: wicker box for sacred objects in nmys caelebs, -libis: without a spouse; unpartnered, carbasus, -1, f.: sail, canvas certArnen, -mis, n.: contest tery cults celibate careO, -êre, -ut, -itum: lack, be free of certAtirn: adv., with eager rivalry cithtus, -a, -urn: hurried, rapid caeles, -itis: heavenly; as subst., god or goddess caruna, -ae, 1’.: keel, hull; by meton., ship certe: certainly, surely citO, -Ure: set in motion, rouse; call, summon caelestis, -e: of the heavens, celestial carmen, carmunis, n.: song, poem; incantation eeriest: abbr. form of certuin eat (see appendix D) citus, -a, -urn: moving quickly, rapid, swift executioner; scoundrel definite, caelestis, -is, in. or f.: a god or goddess carnifex, -ficis, rn.: centus, -a, -urn: fixed, sure, unerring darn: adv., secretly, on the sly hide caelicola, -ae, gen. p1. -urn, in. or f: an inhabitant carpatmnus, -a, -urn: made of cerva, ae, f.: hind, doe clarnU, -Ure: shout, cry out at; press of heaven, god or goddess carpO, -crc, carpst, carpturn: pluck, pull cervix, -icis, f.: the neck clhnisonus, -a, -urn: clear-sounding, loud, shrill journey, period of time, etc.); clear; Caelius, -1, in.: Roman nomen gentile, e.g., of M. on along (a way, cessO, -Ure: hold back, desist clarus, -a, -urn, adv. dare: loud; bright; Caelius Rufus; see appendix A carp at, criticize cêteni, -ae, .a: the rest of, the other; (as pron.) the famous caelum, -1, n.: the sky or heavens carta, -ae, f.: a sheet or roll of papyrus rest classis, -is, f,: any designated group or class; fleet cârissirnus: caenurn, -1, n.: mud, filth, slime carus, -a, -urn, comp. carior, superl. ecu: part. introducing similes: in the same way as, claudo, claudere, clausi, clausurn: close, shut caerulus or caeruleus, -a, -urn: sea-blue dear as, like claustruns, -i, n.: the bolt or bar that secures a door and Tyndareus, twin Caesar, Caesaris, in.: Gaius Julius Caesar; see Castor, -oris, in.: son of Leda Chalybes, -On, rn. p1.: a tribe of miners and iron- clCrncns, -ntis: gentle, mild, lenient constellation appendix A brother of Pollux; one of a twin workers on the SE shore of the Black Sea clCrnentia, -ae, f.: mercy, pity, clemency brother Pol caesaris, -bt, f.: long hair used in navigation; patron (with his Charybdis, -is, f.: a whirlpool on the Sicilian side of cliens, -entis, m,: a person attached to a patronm caesius, -a, -urn: having gray or gray-blue eyes; lux) of seafarers and ships the Strait of Messina opposite Scylla that de for legal and other protection in a semi-feudal chaste gray-eyed castus, -a, -urn: free from vice, pure, vours men and ships relationship chance, fortune, Cacsius, -a, -urn: a Roman nomen gentile cãsus, -us, in.: fall; accident, ChirOn, -Onis, in.: Chiron, centaur of Mt. Pelion, Cnidus, -1, f.: town on the coast of Gina, in SW

190 191 The Students Catullus The Catullan Vocabulary

Asia Minor, where VcnuslAphrodite was worshiped urine; soil, pollute confestim: adv., immediately contingo, -tingcre, -tigi, -tactum: cotime in contact CnUsius, -a, -urn: of Cnossos; Cretan commemorO, -tire: recall, recount confiteor, -fittiri, -fessus sum: admit with; touch, reach coacervU, -tire: pile up commendU, -are: commit, entrust confutuO, -futuere, -futut, -futUturn: have sexual continuO: adv., immediately, without delay cUdicillus, -1, rn.: p1.. a set of writing tablets commictus, -a, -urn: (commeio) filthy intercourse with conhinuus, -a, -urn: uninterrupted, in a row, contin coed, -ire, -ii, -hum: come together, meet committO, -mittere, -mist, -missum: bring into coniger, -era, -erurn: coniferous, e.g., a pine tree uous coepi, coepisse, coeptum: begin contact with; entrust, give up, hand over coniugtitor, -Uris, rn.: conjoiner, one who joins contorqucO, -torqutirc, -torsi, -tortum: twist, agitate coetus, -Us, rn: meeting; band, company, group, commodO, -tire: lend coniugiurn, -1, n.: marriage, union; spouse contra: adv,, in front, opposite; in return; on the crowd commodum, -t, n: advantage, benefit coniungo, -iungere, -iunxi, -iunctum: join together; other hand cOgittitiU, -Onis, f.: a thought commodus, -a, -urn; of full size or weight, standard; associate contrb: prep, wlacc., against cOgitU, -tire: think convenient, opportune, timely; beneficial; (neut. coniunx, -iugis, m. or f.: spouse, consort, mate, contrahd, -tnahere, -traxi, -tractum: draw in; catch, cognatus, -a, -urn: related; as rn. or f. subst., a pl. substantive) advantages, beneficial courses of wife, husband contract (as a disease) relative action ConUn, -(mis, m.: royal astronomer of Ptolemy Ill contrenmU, -crc, -ut: tremble violently cognitus, -a, -urn, superl. cognhtissimus, -a, -urn: cornrnUnis, -e: shared, common, mutual Euergetes (Ill cent. B.C.) contuberntiuis, -is, in.: tentmate, comrade-in-arms known; sexually intimate compar, cornparis, f.: wife, mate cOnOr, -tint: attempt, try conturbO, -tire: mix up, confuse cognoscU, -noscere, -mist, -niturn: get to know; comparo’, -tire: prepare; acquire, obtain conqueror, -quent, -questus: complain, lament cOnUbium, -i, n.: marriage; p1., a wedding know comparo’, -tire: place side by side; compare consanguinea, -ae, f: sister, female relative convcllO, -vellere, -velli, -volsum: tug at; plow up, cUgU, cogere, coegt, coactum: round up, collect; compello, -are: address, invoke conscelerd, -tire: stain with crime, pollute dislodge, uproot compel comperid, -pertre, -pert, -pertum: find out, ascer conscendo, -ere, -scendi, -scensum: climb up convenlU, -ire, -stint, -venturn: meet together; agree cohort, -hocUs, f.: retinue, staff, entourage tain conscius, -a, -urn: sharing knowledge; self-con conventus, -Us, rn.: a coming together, assembly, Colchi, -drum, in. p1.: olchis, the country of King cornplector, -plectt, -plexus; embrace, surround scious; conscious of guilt, guilty meeting Aebtes, his daughter Medea, and the Golden complexus, -us, rn.: embrace conscribilld, -tire: scrawl over, cover with scribbling convcrtU, -vcrtere, -vent, -vcrsum: turn around; Fleece, located at the eastern end of the Black compono, -punere, -posui, -positurn: place beside, conscribti, -sciibere, -scripsi, -scriptum: enroll; direct Sea south of the Caucasus Mts. match, compare write down convtva, -ae, in.: table companion, guest colligO, -higere, -legt, -lecturn: gather compositus, -a, -urn: composed; well arranged; consequor, -sequt, -secUtus: come after, follow conviviurn, —I, n.: banquet, dinner party collis, -is, m.: hill, mountain orderly, calm conserd, -serere, -stiut, -siturn: sow, plant; beset convocO, -tire: call together collocO, -tire: set, place; set Out, arrange on a comprecor, -tin: pray to, invoke, supplicate conservU, -tire: save or keep from danger, preserve cOpia, -ac, 1.: abundance; supply; opportunity marriage bed compr(eh)endO, -endere, -endi, -ensurn: seize, catch constdU, -stdere, -sëdt: take a seat, sit, settle; take con, cordis, ii.: heart; abl. cordi esse + dat. = he collüceO, -luetire, -luxt: shine cornprobU, -tire: demonstrate the goodness of up a position dear or pleasing to collurn, -i, n.: neck CUrnum, -1, n.: mod. Como, town in 7isalpine Gaul consiliurn, -1, is.: deliberation; advice; resolution, Coratilius, -a, -urn: Roman nonwn gentile (see cold, colere, eolui, culturn: inhabit; till; look after concêdO, -ctidere, -cesst, cessurn: withdraw; grant, purpose appendix A) coldnia, -ae, f.: a colony; name of town in poem 17 hand over consOlor, -tin: comfort, console, solace Connificius, -a, -urn.: Roman nomen gentile (see color, -Uris, in.: color conchylium, -1, n.: mollusk, a shellfish that yields a conspicio, -crc, -spext, -specturn: catch sight of, lay appendix A) colUrO, -tire: to color or stain costly purple dye; purple dye from the mollusk eyes on connU, -Us, n.: horn columbus, -i, Hi.: a male or cock pigeon concillU, -tire: unite, join; attract, endear, win over, constans, -ntis: steady, resolute, steadfast corolla, ae, f.: dim of corona; garland, small wreath columen, -mis, n.: roof, summit, peak; a key per obtain consternO, -crc, -strtivi, -strdturn: cover, spread corona, -Se, f.: wreath, crown; a circle of bystand son, top man concinO, -ene, -ul: sing together; celebrate in song constitud, -stituere, -stitul, -stitUturn: place in ers, esp. at a legal proceeding colus, -i, in.: distaff, a short staff for holding wool concipid, -ene, -cipt, -cepturn: take in, catch, con position; set down corpus, -onis, n.: body that is being spun into thread ceive, contract (a disease); conceive (a child), construd, -uene, -struxi, -structurn: pile up conrxpiU, -nipere, -ripui, -neptum: seize hold of coma, -ae, f: hair, lock of hair; foliage produce, be the mother of consul, consulis, in.: one of two top magistrates in cornud, -ruere, -rut: fall down, collapse comtitus, -a, -urn: covered with hair or foliage; concitirno, -tire: shout out, shout in unison the Roman republic cortex, -icis, in.: bark, cot tex cornata Gallia: Gaul north of the Alps, where concoqud, -coquere, -cost, -coctum: cook down; consultitus, -Us, m.: the office of consul, consulship corvus, -I, in.: raven the natives wore their hair long, as opp. to digest; tolerate, stomach consurgU, -surgere, -surrexi, -surrecturn: stand up, Crannon, Crannonis: a chief town in central Thes togata Gallia or Cisalpine Gaul. concordia, -ae, f.: harmony rise saly comedO, comesse, comtidi, comissum: eat up; concrudO, -credere, -credidi, -crediturn: entrust contego, -tegere, -texi, -tectum: cover up; shelter cretitrix, -icis, f.: mother, creatress squander concubinus, -1, in.: catamite, male homosexual contemptus, -a, -urn: despicable, contemptible credO, -crc, credidi, creditum: entrust; believe comes, -his, m.: companion, friend, comrade (often partner contendU, -crc, -tendt, -tentum: stretch, strain; crcU, -tire: beget, give birth to, produce in an inferior capacity or of humbler rank) concutiO, -cutere, -cusst, -cussurn: cause to vibrate; contend crepida, -Se, f.: a thick-soled sandal of a Greek type Corninius, -a, -urn: Roman nomen gentile in poem shake contcntus, -a, -urn: satisfied crescO, crescene, cntivi, crCturn: come into existence; 108 conditus, -a, -urn: put away, preserved contexO, -crc, -texui, -textumn: weave together; grow comittitus, -a, -urn: attended, accompanied confectus, -a, -urn: worn out, exhausted arrange, combine Crtita, -Se, f,: Crete, large island south of the Aege cornrniid, -mute, -minxt, -micturn: defile with conferd, -ferre, -tult, -laturn: compare continenter: adv., in an unbroken line an Sea, home of King Minos and Ariadne

192 193 The Sindents Catullus The Catullan Vocabulary

Crëtës, -urn, m. p1.: the Cretans custOs, -Udis, rn.: guardian, watchman down dCsideriurn, -t, ia: desire (dsp. for someone absent), crimen, -mis, n.: indictment, charge, accusation Cybebë or Cybele, -ës, f.: Phrygian goddess of defendO, -fendere, -fendi, -fensurn: ward off; defend longing; an object of desire, darling crinis, -is, m.: a lock or braid of hair; hair nature, known also in Rome as the Magna dëferO, -ferre, -tuB, -tãtum: carry, bring, fetch; carry dCsiderO, -lire: lolsg for, desire; need crocinus, -a, -urn: made of saffron; saffron yellow Mater off or away, take dCsino, -crc, -ii, -iturn: cease, leave off, stop Croesus, -t, in,: sixth century B.C. king of Lydia, Cyclas, -adis, f.: an island of the Cyclades; p1. the dêfessus, -a, -urn: exhausted, tired out dCsistd, -sistere, -stiti: cease, desist famous for his wealth Cyclades, islands in the Aegean surrounding dëllectO, -flectere, -flexi, -flexum: bend downwards despicid, -spicere, -spexi, -specturn: look down on, cridélis, -e, comp. crudelior, -ins: savage, cruel Delos dêfldrescO, -escere, -Ui: shed petals scorn cruor, -Uris, in.: blood (usually that of a wound) Cycnëus, -a, -urn: of Cyenus, mythical king of dëfricO, -are: rub thoroughly; scour desponded, -spondere, -spondi, -sponsurn: promise, crUs, crUris, n.: leg Liguria who was changed into a swan dêfutUtus, -a, -urn: exhausted by sexual intercourse betroth, pledge crux, crucis, f.: a cross; a stake for impalement Cyllenaeus, -a, -urn: of or near Mt. yllene, in degO, degere: spend (one’s time, leisure, etc.) despuO, -crc: spit down on the ground (to avert cubiculum, -1, n.: bedroom Arcadia; epithet of Phencus deinde, dein: adv., afterwards, then, next some evil); avert by spitting, spurn, reject cubile, -is, n.: bed, couch cyrnbalum, -t, n., gen. p1. cymbalurn: cymbal delãbor, -Iãbi, -tapsus: fall, slip down dêstinCtus, -a, -urn: stubborn, obstinate cubU, -are: lie down; go to bed Cyrênae, -Ururn, f. p1.: C’rene, a town in northwest dëtectU, -are: lure, entice; delight, amuse dCsum, desse, defui: be wanting or lacking; fail culpa, -us, 1.: fault, wrongdoing Libya; the province of Cyrene dëllcätus, -a, -urn, comp. delicatior: given to luxury dCterior, -ins: worse cutter, -Uris, rn,: inhabitant CytUrius, -a, -urn: of Mt. Cytorus, in Asia Minor or pleasure; pampered; frisky, wanton, frivolous; dCtineU, -tinCre, -tinui, -tenturn: detain, hold cultrix, -icis, f.: a female inhabitant; local goddess CytOrus, -I, m.: a mountain in Paphlagonia east of elegant deus, -i, in. or f., nom. p1. di: god dëlicia, -ae, f.: pleasure; p1. pet, darling; cUlus, -i, in. or n.: anus Amastris, part of the coastal ridge along the dëlicias dCveIlU, -vetlere, -velli or -volsi, -volsurn: pluck out cum: prep. w/abl., with; (archaic) by means of southern shore of the Black Sea facere: to find pleasure, enjoy oneself; put on dCvinciO, -vincire, -vixi, -vincturn: tie fast, bind feast or meal; foppish airs, act in an affected manner dCvocO, -vocUre: call down, sumtnon curn: rd. adv., when; curn . turn: not only •.. but daps, dapis, f.: a sacrificial meal; any also food Dittius, -a, -urn: Delian; of the island of Delos, dCvotvU, -volvere, -volvi, -voldturn: roll something cumque: postpos. adv,, giving preceding pron. or Dardanius, -a, -urn: of Dardanus, an ancestor of birthplace of Apollo and Artemis/Diana down from adv. indefinite force: -ever, -soever Priam; Trojan Delphi, -Orum, m. pt.: place in Phocis, Greece, dCvord, -lire: cat up, devour cunctus, -a, -urn: the whole of, all Daulias, -ados, f.: the Daulian [bird], i.e., Philo sacred to Apollo and Dionysus; meton., the dCvOtus, -a, -urn: accursed; vowed as an offering cuniculUsus, -a, -urn: abounding in rabbits mela, from Daulis in Phocis, a few miles east of people of Delphi dexter, -era, -eruni: right; the right hand; on the cuntculus, -1, in.: rabbit Delphi dêmãnO, -are: run or drip down right side cunnus, -1, rn: vulva, the female pudenda (ef. Eng. dë: prep. with abl., away from, down from, off; of, dëmens, -ntis: out of one’s mind, maddened, crazy dextrU: adv., on the right cunt) out of, from; immediately after; [diemj de die: démetO, -metei-e, -messi, -messum: mow, reap, dextra, -ae, f.: the right hand cupid: eagerly day after day; about, concerning harvest Dia, -us, f.: an Aegean island, usu, identified with cupido, -mis, in.: desire; object of desire (as term dea, -ae, f.: goddess damitto, -mittere, -mist, -rnissum: drop; lower Naxos of affection); Cupid or Eros, companion of Ve dibeU, dëbêre, dêbui, dëbitum: owe demO, dCmere, dempal, demptum: remove, take DiCna, -ae, f.: Roman goddess identified with nus/Aphrodite, personification of sexual desire dëcëdO, -cëdere, -cessi, -cepturn: go away, leave; away Artemis, nature, and the moon. cupidus, -a, -urn: desirous, eager make way for dCmonstrd, -Crc: slsow dicax, -licis: well-spoken, quick with repartee cupid, -are, -ivi, cupiturn: want, desire decem: mdccl. adj., ten denique: adv., finally dicO’, -are: indicate, show; assign, bestow cupressus, 4, f., abl. cupressu: the cypress tree dêcerpU, -cerpere, -cerpsi, -cerptum: pluck off, dens, dentis, m.: tooth dice1, -are, dixi, dictum: talk; say, declare; sing, cUr: interr. & rd. adv., why snatch densus, -a, -Urn, comp. densior: dense, closely recite; name, call cUra, -ae, f.: care, concern, anxiety decet, -ëre, decuit: 3rd. pers. only, be suitable or packed dictum, -i, n.: anything said; word, saying cUriUsus, -a, -urn: excessively careful, meddlesome; fitting dentCtus, -a, -urn: well provided with teeth, toothy diCs, diCi, m. or f.: day as subst., a busybody deciês: adv., ten times deperditus, -a, -urn: lost, ruined differtus, -a, -urn: filled, stuffed cUrd, -are: watch over, care for, care about dëclãrU, -are: make known, declare, tell dCpereO, -ire, -ii: perish; (hyperbolic) love to death, difficills, -a: not easy currU, currere, cucurri, cursurn: run dêclinU, -are: lower, decline love to distraction diffindO, -findere, -findi, -fissurn: split currus, -Us, m.: chariot; poet., ship dêcoctor, -Uris, m.: a bankrupt person, insolvent depUnO, -crc, -posul or -pesivi, -positum: put down, diffundU, -fundere, -fddi, -fdsurn: diffuse, spread cursus, Us, in.: the action of running; a race; travel; debtor lay down (in birth), put away Out course decorO, -arc: embellish, adorn deprecor, -art: try to avert by prayer, beg off, diffutUtus, -a, -urn: subjected to widespread sexual curUlis, -e: of high state office; sella curulis the dëcurrO, -currere, -curri, -cursurn: run down; travel entreat relief from; execrate demands; dissipatcd by sex; sexually overworked chair of state used by consuls, praetors, and over dCpre(he)ndU, -ndere, -ndi, -nsum: seize, catels digitus, -1, m.: finger other high officeholders dëcursus, -Us, m.: descent, downward fall d&elinquU, -tinquere, -ltqui, -tictum: leave behind dignor, -Un: consider worthy; deign, see fit curvus, -a. -urn: bent, curving decus, -oris, n.: glory; the best of anything derigo, -rigere, -rexi, -rectum: align, make straight, dignus, -a, -urn: appropriate, worthy cuspis, -idis, f.: sharp point or tip; spear; pointed dêdicU, -are: dedicate, consecrate aim digredior, .gredi, -gressus: go off; digress stick dëdU, dëdere, -didi, -ditum: give up, deliver, hand dërisus, -a, -urn: laughable, ridiculous dilacerO, -lire: tear to pieces custddia, -ae, f.: protection, safekeeping, watch over; reflexive, devote oneself to dCserU, -serere, -serut, -serturn: forsake, leave diligentius: comp. adv., more carefully custOdid, -ire, -lvi, -iturn: keep safe; hold dêdUcO, -dUcere, -dUxi, -ductum: lead or bring dCsertus, -a, -urn: deserted, solitary, lonely diligU, -igere, -lexi, -lecturn: love, be fond of

194 195

J The Student’s Cagultus The Catullan Vocabulaiy dllui, -lucre, -lut, -lUturn: dissolve away; moisten, domO, -ire, -ut, -itum: subdue effodiU -fodere, -fidi, -fossurn: dig or gouge out crifuga, -ae, m.: fugitive slave, one who runs away wash, bathe domus, -is, f., bc. domi: home; house, family effisus, -a, -urn: loose; disorderly, in disarray from his master dirnitti, -mitlere, -mist, -missurn: let go dm0, -ire: give, dedicate itgelidus, -a, -urn: thawed, unchilled, tepid, warm itripiO, -ripere, -ripui, -rcpturn: snatch away, re Dindymëne, -its or -ac, f.: of or belonging to Mt. dOnum -I, a.: gift egeO, egitre, egul: need; be in need, lack the neces ITIOVC Dindymon in Phrygia; cybele dorrniO, -ire, -lvi or -ii, -hum: sleep sities of life erribundus, -a, -urn: prone to cii or make a wrong Dindymon, Dindyrni, n: mountain in Phrygia dOs, dOlls, f.: a dowry, property brought by a bride Egnatius, -i, m.: Roman namen gentile; see appen turning; wandering sacred to the goddess fibele to her husband as her portion of the new fam dix A errO, -ire: wander Diona, -ae, f: the goddess Dione, mother of ily’s endowment ego, gen. mel: first personal pron., I error, -irIs, is: a wandering; deviation, mistake Aphrodite/Venus dubiti, -ire: be in doubt; hesitate, scruple itgredior, -gredi, -gressus: come out, depart itruditulus, -is, -urn, dun, of Cruditus: well-in dirus, -a, -urn: awful, dread, dire, frightful dubius, -a, -urn: uncertain, doubtful; perilous itgregius, -ia, -iurn: outstanding, preeminent, structed, learned discitdo, -citdere, -cessi, -cessum: scatter; depart, ducenti, -ae, -a: two hundred illustrious itruO, -ucre, -cmi, erutum: remove, uproot desert, run away ducentiits: adv., two hundred times igressus, -us, m.: escape, egress, exit ersis, -I, rn: inastei discerni, -cernere, -crivi, -critturn: separate, divide dicO, ducere, duxi, ductum: lead, take; take as itheu: interj., Alas! Erycina, -ae, 1.: Venus, goddess of Mt. Ery in NW off one’s wife; consider, reckon ci: interj., monosyllabic expression of anguish Sicily discerpo, -crc, -cerpsi, -cerplurn: tear to pieces didum: adv., some time ago; wham, now after all eicio, iticere, itiitci, itieciurn: throw out, expel, eject estO: fut. imperative sing. of sirni discidiurn, -1, n: splitting; separation this time itlectus, -a, -urn, superl. electissimus: select, choice itsuriO, -ire, -ftum: feel hunger; (metaph.) feel discO, discere, didici: learn dulce: adv., sweetly itlegans, -ntis, comp. itlegantior, -ius: discriminat desire discors, -cordis: in conflict, at odds, quarreling dutcis, -e: sweet ing, refined, elegant itsuritiO, -mis, f.: hunger, appetite discruciO, -ire: torment, vex durn: eonj., as long as; (w/historical pres.) while; itlevi, -ire: raise; diminish, make light of ct: and, too, also; el ... Ct, not only .. but also discupio, -cupere: desire passionately (w/subjunctive) provided that; (w/ind. or subj.) eligo, -crc, itlitgi, itlectum: pull out; select etiam: adv., still, yet, even now; (introducing a disertus, -a, -urn: skilled in speaking, articulate until elleborurn, -1, a.: hellebore, any of a number of more extreme case) even, actually, etiam atque dispereO, -perire, -peril: perish; go for nothing, be duo, -ae, -o: two acrid and poisonous plants used medicinally, etiani, ever more urgently, more and inure wasted duplex, -icis; folded double; double, two-sided esp. as a cure for insanity Etruscus, -a, -urn: from Etruria (mod. Tuscany), dispiciO, -spices-c, -spexi, -specturn: look around; diritiits, -itt, f: hardness elluor, -is-i: overspend on food and luxury the region of western Italy noi th of Rome. investigate Durrachiurn, -i, n.: town on the coast of Illyria, ëluO, itluere, -lui, -lüturn: wash clean, wash Out etsi: conj., although displiceO, -itre, -ul, -iturn: be displeasing or offen mod. Durazzo Ernathia, -ac, f.: district of Macedonia; in poetry, euans, euantls: uttering the Bacehic cry coon! sive (+ dat.) dUrus, -a, -urn, comp. durior: hard; harsh, pitiless; Thessaly euhoe!: intcij., the ritual cry of Bscchants dissolvO, -solvere, -solvi, -soliturn: break up; pay, dull; wooden, heavy, solid itrnergi, emergerc, emersi, ernersum: come out of Eurnenidcs, -urn, f p1.: Kindly Spn its, Fuiics, discharge dux, ducis, m: leader the water, emerge Erinyes, punishcrs of outrage distinctus, -a, -urn: separate, different, distinct, it, ex: out of, from, in accordance with itmorior, itmori, itmortuus: perish, die Europa, -ac, f.: daughter of Phoenician king Age- dii: adv., for a long timc itbriOsus, -a, -urn, camp. ebriosior: addicted to emulgco, -mulgitre, -rnulsi, -mulsurn: milk; draw off nor, carried off by Zeus in the form of a bull. diva, -ae, f.: goddess; any female immortal. e.g., the drink en: interjection, see! behold! Europe sea nymph Thetis itbrius, -a, -urn: intoxicated; metaph., drunk with enirn: postpos. part., emphasizing prec. word: for EurOtsis, -ae, m: the user that runs through Sparta divellO, -vellere, -vulsi, -volsum: tear apart love itnitei, -itre: shine forth; be outstanding itvertO, -vcrterc, -verti, -versurn turn upside down, diversus. -is. -urn: turned or headed in different ebur, eboris, n.: ivory e01, ire, ivi, itum: go bring down directions ec- prefixed to interrogatives with intensive or eO2: adv., to that place, thither itvirO, -ire: unman, emasculate dives, divitis: wealthy, rich indefinite force (OLD) EOus’, -i, m.: the dawn god itviti, -Crc: avoid, dodge dividO, -crc, -vlsi, -visum: separate, divide ecfutuO, -ucre, -ui, -ilIum: wear out with sexual EOus2, -a, -urn: of or connected with EOs, the dawn; itvolvO, -volvcre, -volui, -soluturn. unssmap, make divinus, -a, -urn: divine intercourse eastern, oriental known, take the wraps otf divitiae, -iirurn, f. p1.: riches ecquis, -quid: interr. pron., is there anyone (any cphitbus, -I, m.: ephebe, a Greek youth (in Athe cx, it: prep. out of, from, in accordance with divus, -1, rn, diva, -ac, f.: a god, goddess thing) that? anyone, anything, something nian law, between 18 and 20) exagito, -ire, stir up divus, -a, -urn: divine, holy ed&, esse, itdi, itsurn; eat, eat away, consume cpistolium, -ii, n.: short letter exardescO, -ardescere, -as-si: catch tire, blaze up do, dare, dedi, datum: give, pay itdO2, itdere, itdidi, editurn: emit, bring forth, yield; equidern: part., I for my part excclsus, -a, -urn: lofty daceO, docere, docut, docturn: tell, inform; teach publish equus or equos, -I, rn.: horse excidi, -cidcre, -cidi: fall off, drop out; lapse, fail doctus, -a, -urn: learned itdilcOi, -ducere, -duxi, -ductum: bring out era, -ac, f: a woman in relation to her servants; cxcii, -cire, -civi, -citurn: rouse (Ii om sleep) doleO, -itre, -ui, -hum: suffer pain, grieve, hurt; itducO2, -ire: bring up, nurture, rear mistress, i.e., the woman or goddess one serves exciphO, -crc, -citpi, -cepturn: take out, exclude, impers., cause pain, rankle efferO, efferre, extuli, itlitum: carry away (as opp. to a kept woman) except; receive dolor, -iris. rn.: pain, distress efflciO, -ficere, -fitci, -fectum: make, cause to occur Erechiheus or Erectheus, -ci, rn.: legendary king of cxcitO, -ire rouse, wake; slim up, amouse. excite dolus, -I, m.: a guilty act or intention; trickery; plot effigits, -iti, f: statue, effigy Athens excruciU, -ire, torture, torment dornina, -ae, f: mistress emo, -are: breathe out, emit, blast out Ercchthitus, -a, -urn: of or associated with Erech excutiO, -cutere, -cussi, -cussurn: shake out dominus, -i, rn.: master effluO, -fluere, -fluxi: flow out, slip away theus, legendary king of Athens; (poet.) Athens exedO, -cssc, -Cdi, -isumn eat up, cat away

196 197 The Students Catullus The Catullaiz Vocabulaiy

Fabius; appendix A exeO, -ire, -lvi, -iturn: go out, leave the Roman gens see ferox, -Ucla: fierce FlOvius, —1, m.: a Roman no,nen gentile, applicable wit exerceU, -êre, -ut, -hum: exercise, keep busy, ply facëtiae, -ãrurn, f. p1.: cleverness, ferreus, -a, -urn: made of iron; hard, harsh; shame to a member of the Flavian gen.s exilium, -t, n.: exile facile: adv., easily less, brazen flOvus, -a, -urn: yellow, gold-colored, blonde exirnië: exceptionally, especially facilis, -e, supenl. facillimus, -a, -urn: easy ferrUgo, -ink, f.: rust; any color from reddish flCbilis, -e: worthy of tears, lamentable crime exirnius, -a, -urn: excepted; exceptional, choice facinus, -oils, n: deed; evil deed, wrong, purple to nearly black flectd, -crc, flexi, flexurn: bend; torn, avert do, make; achieve, attain, exorior, -oriri, -ortus: rise up from faciO, -ere, fed, facturn: ferm-um, -1, w: iron, steel; sword fled, -Crc, -Cvi, -Ctum: weep, cry; weep for, mourn expallesco, -escere, -pallul: turn pale reach ferus, -a, -urn: fierce, wild, savage; inhuman, cruel flCtus, -Us, rn: weeping; tears done expatrU, -are: waste, squander factum, -1, n.: deed, something ferus, -1, m.: a wild animal flexanimus, -a, -urn: persuasive expeditus, -a, -urn: unencumbered; lightened, as for fagus, -1, f: beech-tree fervidus, -a, -urn: hot; fervent, passionate, lusty flexus, -Us, m: a bending, turning, curve wine, from a northern action or travel Falernum, -i, n.: Falernian Fescenninus, -a, -urn: of Feseennia, a town in fidrens, -entis: flowering; in the flower of one’s expelli, -pellere, -pull, -pulsurn: drive out district of Campania Etruria famous for its ribald verses; ribald, youth; fresh, vigorous expendo, -pendere, -pendi, -pensum: weigh; pay out fallax, -ads: treacherous, deceptive obscene fidridus, -a, -urn, dim. fiOriduius: full of flowers, experior, -penn, -peritus: try out fallo, fallere, fefelli, falsum: trick, deceive, mislead; fessus, -a, -uni: tired, exhausted flowery expert, -ertis: having no share of; immune to pass., err festus, -a, -urn: festal, holiday flds, HUrls, rn., dim. floseulus: flower; youthful a pretended father; expeto, -petere, -pettvi, -pettturn: request, desire falsiparens, -entis: having fetus, -Us, m: partunition, birth; offspring, fruit beauty; the finest specimen of a type or class expleO, -plëre, -plevi, -pléturn: fill up, satisfy falsely fathered fictus, -a, -urn: made up, sham, false, lying tiuctud, -Ore: surge like a wave; he in turmoil explicU, -are: explain, explicate falsi: adv., wrongly, falsely lidClis, -C: faithful, worthy of trust fluctus, -Us, m: wave faithless expoliO, -ire, -lvi, -iturn: smooth down, polish falsus, -a, -urn: untrue; deceitful, tides, fidel, f.: tutelage, faith, trust; trustworthiness; fluentisonus, -a, -urn: resounding with the noise of trees and expolitior, -lus: more polished falx, falcis, f: a curved knife for pruning promise (personified in 30.11) the sea exposed, -poscere, -poposci: ask for, demand, beg vines lidus, -a, -urn: faithful, loyal, devoted fiultU, -Ore: flow; float, drift exprirno, -pnirnere, -pressi, -pressum: squeeze out, fãma, -ae, f.: fame; rumor ligo, figere, lixi, fixurn: drive in; pierce flUrnen, -mis, n: river extort; translate fames, -is, f: hunger; famine figUra, -ae, f.: form, shape, aspect, appearance focus, -1, m: heamth expromo, -promere, -prornpsi, -promptuns: bring farnula, -ae, f. or famulus, -I, m: servant, slave filia, -ae, f.: daughter fodlU, fodene, fOdi, fossum: piemee; dig out, express famulor, -an: be a servant filius, -t, m.: son foedO, -are: make foul, soil exsecU, -are: cut out fandus, -a, -urn: speakable; proper, lawful filum, -i, n.: thread, string, filament foedus, -ens, n: any formal agreement or bond, farsi, fartum: stuff exsequor, -sequl, -secUtus: follow, pursue farcid, farcire, lingo, lingere, linxi, lictum: shape, mold, make md. marriage and (sometimes) other sexual by exsiliU, -silire, -sHut: spring forth fOs: mdccl. n., that which is right or permissible timid, -ire, -lvi, -iturn: mark out the boundaries; unions proper exsolvU, -crc, -solui, -solüturn: unfasten; discharge, divine law; meet and right, fitting, finish for, fOni, fOtus: speak, say, tell upon; pay fascinO, -Ore: to east a fascinurn or spell finis, -is, m.: boundary; end; (p1.) territory forOs: adv. w/vbs. of motion, to the outside, out exspectU, -dre: anticipate, expect, look out for bewitch flU, liert, factum: to take place, happen; to be made fore: fut. infin. of sum (see appendix D) arrogance exspirO, -are: exhale, pant, emit (a fragrance); be fastus, -Us, m.: conceit, or done, become dmrcm, fores, foret, etc.: imnpf. subj. of ruin (see confess exhaled fateor, -Cri, fassus: concede, admit, FirmOnus, -a, -urn: of Firmum, the home town of appendix D) fate exspuO, -spuere, -spot, -sputurn: spit out fOtum, -1, n: a prophetic utterance; Mentula font, -is, f: the door of a building foolish, asinine exstd, -stare, -stiti: stand out fatuus, -a, -urn: feeble minded, silly, firmU, -Ore: strengthen foris: adv., outdoors, outside, away from home exsultO, -are: spring up; let oneself go, run riot; faustus, -a, -urn: fortunate, lucky fixus, -a, -urn: set forma, -ae, I’.: appearance; beauty, good looks well-disposed, show show unrestrained pleasure, exult faved, -Crc, favi, faturn: be flagellurn, -1, n.: whip, lash; the whiplike shoot of a FormiOnus, -a, -urn: of Formiae (e.g., Mamurra) exsupero, -are: surmount, exceed favor vine formO, -Ore: shape, form cxtenuO, -are: make thin, reduce, diminish FavOnius, -1, rn: the west wind, zephyr flagitiurn, -I, n.: disgrace, dishonor; shameful act, formUsus, —a, -urn: full of looks; handsome, heasmti externi, -are: drive out of one’s wits, madden, fax, fads, f: torch outrage ful panic febriculOsus, -a, -urn: feverish, fever-ridden flagito, -Ore: beset with demands, importune fors, fortis, f: chance, luck of offspring; fertile, extinctus, -a, -urn: dead, deceased fecundus, -a, -urn: productive flagrans, -ntis: flaming, burning, intense fortassc: adv,, perhaps extoild. -crc: lift up, raise fruitful flagrU, -Ore: burn forte: (abl. of Jisrr) adv., by chance prosperous; happy extrlmus. -a, -urn: farthest, the farthest part of; felix, -idis: fruitful; lucky, flOmen, flOrninis, n.: a blast or gust of wind; wind, fortis, forte: strong; brave oral sex on a man final fellO, -Ore: suck milk; perform breeze fortfmna, -ae, f.: fortune woman, girl exturbO, -are: drive out, remove by force fernella, -ae, f: dim, of femina; flarnma, -ae, f.: flame, fire forum, -i, n.: a public square, piazza; Forum, 4 n: woman cxiii, -ulis, m. or f.: an exile fCmina, -ae, f.: flarnrnOtus, -a, -urn: burning the Roman Forum, the main public place in exustus, -a, -urn: burnt; parched femur, -mis, n: thigh ilammeum, -1, n.: the flame-colored veil worn by a Rome exuviae, -ãrurn, t pE: spoils of a defeated enemy fera, -ae, f: wild animal Roman bride at her wedding fossa, -ae, f: ditch lOtum: bear, carry; endure, faba, -ae, f: bean ferd, ferre, tuil or tetuli, flamrneus, -a, -urn: fiery; swift as fire fosson, -Uris, rn: a digger, agricultural laborer, take, accept; impune ferre: get fa.bula, -ae, f.: talk, gossip; report withstand; say; flOtus, -Us, m: blowing, breath, breeze ditehdigger Fabullus, -1, in: dim, of Fabius, a nomen gentile of away with something fiOvens, -entis: yellow foveO, fovCre, fOvi, fUtum: keep warm; cherish,

198 199 The Students Catullus The C’atullan Vocabulary coddle Furius, -I, rn.: Roman nomen gentile; see appendix do; wear HehcUnlus, -a, -urn: of Helicon, the mountain in fractus, -a, -urn: broken A gestiU, -ire, -tvi: desire eagerly; act without re Boeotia that was sacred to Apollo and the fragrans, -ntis: fragrant, redolent, sweet-smelling furU, furere: be mad or crazed; rage with passion, straint, exult Muses frango, -crc, frégi, fracturn: break rave gignO, gignere, genul, geniturn: create, beget, give Hellespontus, -1, rn.: the Hellcspont or Dardanelles, fritter, -tris, rn.: brother furor, -Uris, m.: passion, rage, frenzy birth to the channel near Tray linking the Propontis fritternus, -a, -urn: of or from a brother, fraternal furtim: adv., secretly, stealthily gingiva, -ae f.: the gums with the Aegean fraudO, -itrc: cheat, defraud, swindle; w/abl,, cheat furttvus, -a, -urn: secret, furtive glaber, -bris, m.: a hairless, effeminate type of slave hendecasyllabus, -i, rn,: an eleven-syllable verse of out of furtum, -1, n: theft; any sneaky act glfba, -ae, f.: a lump of earth, clod poetry, esp. a line of poetry in the Phalaecian frernitus, -us, rn,: a low roar, rumble, growl füsus, -t, m.: a weighted spindle on which yarn is glubU, -crc: peel meter; a cutting or sarcastic verse frernO, -crc, -ul, frernfturn: roar, rumble, growl wound and twisted gnata, -ae, f.: (Hesperus, 4, rn: the evening star frigidus, -a, -urn, dim, frigidulus: chilly, cold; (of province only in the north Italian portion south Gritius, -a, -urn: Greek hesternus, -a, -urn: of or belonging to yesterday language, rhetoric, etc.) feeble, tedious, frigid of the Alps (Cisalpine); Transalpine Gaul (corn grandis, -e: grown up, big lieu: interj., alas frtgus, -oris, n.: cold eta Gallia) included what is now France and grates, -iurn, f pL: thanks fiber, -Cnis, rn: an Iberian or Spaniard frondbtor, -Oris, rn.: a foliage tender, pruner Belgium grittia, iae, f.: good will, favor; p1., gratitude, thanks Elibeni, -Urum, rn. p1,: the Iberians or Spaniards frondOsus, -a, -urn: leafy GallicAnus, -a, -urn: of Gaul (partic. Gallia Cis grittus, -a, -urn: pleasing (properly, the inhabitants of the valley of the frons’, frondis, f.: foliage alpine or Narbonensis) gravedo, -dinis, f.: a cold in the head Hiberus River); cx Hibenis = from the country frons2, frontis, f.: forehead; front, facade Gallicus, -a, -urn: of or belonging to Gaul gravis, -C: heavy, grevious, severe; low-pitched of the Spaniards fructus, -us, m.: the enjoyment of something; Gallus, -I, m.: cognomen of an uncle in poems 78- gravius: adv., comp. of graviter: more heavily or hibernus, -a, -urn: of winter satisfaction; crops, produce; yield, profit, reve 78b harshly; more grievously Hibitrus, -a, -urn: Iberian, Spanish nue ganniO, -ire: snarl; speak in a hostile manner grernium, -ii, n,: lap hic: adv., here, in this place; in the present ease or frustrit: adv., in vain gaudeo, -êre, gavtsus: rejoice, take pleasure gurges, gurgitis, m.: a swirling mass of water; sea circumstances frustror, -Art: deceive, baffle; disappoint, frustrate gaudium, -1, n: joy, delight, gladness gutta, -ac, f: a drop; teardrop hic, hacc, hoc: demon. prorl., this frux, frugis, f.: fruit, crop gtiza, -ae, f.: treasure guttur, -uris, rn,: throat hiems, hernia, I’.: winter fucus, -1, rn: seaweed; dye (orig. that derived from gelidus, -a, -urn: frozen gymnasium, -i, n.: an athletic center hilanis, -e: cheerful a seaweed) Gellius, -a, -urn: Roman nomen gentile, identified g5rrus, -I, rn.: circular course, orbit hilarU, -itre: cheer, gladden FUlidius, -a, -urn: Roman nomen gentile in 54.5 with L. Gellius Poplicola (see appendix A) habeo, -Crc, -ui, -itum: have, hold hinc: adv., from this place or point fuga, -ae, f: flight, escape gernellus, -a, -urn: twin (adj. or subst.) habito, -Are: live in; dwell hinsidirse, -itnurn, f p1: see indlslae fugiO, fugere, fugi: run away, flee, escape, slip off gerninus, -a, -urn: double, twin Hadria, -ac, L: the Adriatic sea Hionlus, -a, -urn: see lonius fugo, -are: put to flight, drive off, expel gernU, -ere, gemut, gernitum: groan, moan, lament Hadriitticus, -a, -urn: Adriatic; as iieut, subst., the hircus, 4, rn: he goat fulgeO, -gitre, fulsi: shine brightly, gleam gena, -ae, f: cheek Adriatic Sea Humus or Hirnius, 4, rn,: Roman cognomen in 54.2 fulgor, -Uris, rn.: brightness, luster gener, generi, rn: son-in-law haedus, -I, rn.: a young goat, kid biscU, hiscere: begin to open; open the mouth to furno, -are: emit smoke, smoke genetrix, -icis, f: mother, creator haereU, haerCre, haesi, haesum: stick, cling speak funditus: adv., from the bottom up; utterly genialis, -e: of or pertaining to a person’s genius; of liamadryas, -ados, f.: a wood nymph hiulcO, -itre: cause to crack open fundU, -crc, fudi, fusurn: pour, pour forth, emit, or pertaining to marriage harCna, -ae, f.: sand, beach hodiC: (hoc die) adv., today utter genitor, -Uris, m: father; p1., parents harundinOsus, -a, -urn: reedy homo, -mis, m: generic word for human; person, fundus, -1, m: bottom, base; country estate, farm gens, gentis, f.: race, people, nation; clan; class, set, baud or haut: part., not plur. people fünetO, -are: pollute with death kind HeN!, -Cs, f.: daughter of Zeus and Hera, goddess IsUra, -ae, f.: hour fünestus, -a, -urn: associated with mourning; fune gentills, -is, rn: a member of the same gens, i.e., a of youth, married to Hercules after his apothe horreU, -Crc, -ui: bristle; shudder or tremble at, real distant relative osis fear; regard with awe or dread funis, -is, rn: rope; a ship’s hawser, mooring rope genus, generis, n.: stock, family; offspring; kind, hedera, -cc, f.: ivy hornibulis, -e: fearful, dreadiul; rough, uncouth fünus, -ens. n.: funeral rites; a corpse; death type; way, method, mode hederiger, -era, -cram: ivy-carrying, wearing ivy hornidus, -a, -urn: rough. rugged, wild, uncouth. fUr, füris, rn: thief, robber germana, -ae, f: sister Helena, ae, 1’.: daughter of Zeus and Leda, wife of harsh furcilla, -ae, f: a two-tined wooden pitchfork gerrnanus, -1, m.: brother Menelaus, cause of Trojan War when Paris took hornificU, -itrc: roughen, ruffle funibundus, -a, -urn: frantic, excited gero, gerere, gessi, gestum: bear, conduct, carry on, her to Troy Hortensius, -a, -urn: Roman tzornen gentile, e.g., of

200 201 The Students Catullus The Catullan Vocubulaty

Q. Hortensius Hortalus (see appendix A) iCifinus, -a, -urn: fasting, hungry, starved imus, -a, -urn, dim. imulus: lowest, deepest gauche, awkward hortor, -Cii: exhort, urge on igitur: conj., therefore in: prep. w/abl., in, on; w/acc., into, Onto, against iners, -ertis: clumsy; lazy, idle, useless hortus, -I, m., dim. hortulus: garden ignarus, -a, -urn: ignorant, uncomprehending inambulCtiC, -Onis, f.: a walking or similar move infaeCtiac, -itruin, f. p1.: clumsiness, gaucheries, hospes, hospitis, m.: guest, visitor; stranger ignis, -is, m.: fire; funeral pyre; any luminous object ment blunders hostia, -ae, L: a sacrificial animal in the sky, such as a star; love’s fire inCnis, -e, adv. inaniter: empty, empty-handed; infaehtus, -a, -urn, comp. infacetior, -ins: boorish, hostis, -is, m: enemy ignoseO, -noseere, -nOvi, -nOtum: forgive (w/dat.) foolish; vain, futile, unprofitable gauche hue: adv., to this place or point; to this total or ignotus, -a, -urn: unknown inaurhtus, -a, -urn: gilded, gold plated infeetus, -a, -urn (from inficio): dyed amount; hue et hue: this way and that tlia, -ium, n. p1.: groin, genitals inehnescO, -eaneseere, -canul: become white or infCiix, -iNieis, adv. infCiice: infertile; disastrous, hümãnus, -a, -urn: human; of or with a mortal hiacus, -a, -urn: of Ilium, Trojan hoary unlucky human being ille, lila, illud, gen. sing. illius or illus: demonst. incedO, -eedere, -cessi: arrive, step up; step or walk infcriae, -hi-urn, f. p1.: offerings made to a dead hurnilis, —is: low adj. & pron., that; he, she, it (esp. in a slow or stately manner), strut person’s mwies; rites in honor of the dead humus, -i, f: earth, ground illepidus, -a, -urn: unbecoming, ungraceful, awk ineendium, -I, n: conflagration; inflammation, infcrU, inferre, Intuit, iliCtuni: bring in; bring on, hyaeinthinus, -a, -urn: of the hyacinth; hyacinth- ward agony incur; enter (as in a document, will, etc.) colored illiei, itlace, illue: pron., that person or thing ineendU, -crc, -eendi, -eensum: set on fire; inflame infestus, -a, -urn: hostile, warlike; troublesome Hydroehoos, -1, rn.: Ok. water pourer, the constel illte2: adv., there, at that place ineidO, -crc, incidi, ineCsum: fall or impinge upon, infimus, -a, -urn: lowest lation Aquarius liline: adv., from there oceur infirmus, -a, -urn: feeble, weak Hymen, m: refrain chanted at Greek weddings; illCe: adv., thither, to that place incingo, -eingere, -cmxi, -eineturn: wrap iisfleetU, -crc, -flexi, -ilexum: bend personified as god of marriage imhginOsus, -a, -urn: full of images; aes imagin ineipio, -elpere, -dpi, -eeptum: begin inflexus, -a, -urn: curved Hymenaeus, -I, m: the Greek wedding refrain; p1. osum: mirror ineitO, -Crc: incite, provoke, stir infundö, -fundere, -füdi, -fUsurn: pour in or on marriage; personified as god of marriage imber, -bris, m.: rain; (metaph.) a shower of tears ineohhtus, -a, -urn: unfinished, only begun, incom ingenero, -Crc: engender, produce children Hyperboret, -Orum, rn. p1.: a legendary people of imbuC, -uere, -ut, -üturn: drench, steep; dip or wet plete (cf. Eng. inchoate) ingens, -gentis: huge, vast the far north for the first time; inaugurate, give first experi inenhU, -Cre: start work on, begin ingenuus, -a, —urn: native, natural; befitting a free Hyrcanus, -I, m.: a native of Hyrcania, a country at ence ineola, -ac, m. or f.: inhabitant born person, generous, frank; (m. or f. subst.) a the southeast side of the Caspian Sea irnmãtCrus, -a, -urn: unripe, immature; premature, ineolO, -eolerc, -eolut: inhabit, dwell in freeborn person lacehus, -I, rn.: Baechus untimely ineolumis, -is, -e: safe and sound ingero, -gcrerc, -gessi, .gestuni: bring in, pour iaeeô, -Cre, -ul, iacaturn: lie, recline imrnernor, -oris: forgetful, heedless, feckless ineommodum, -i, n.: detriment, harm; p1., misfor ingrains, -a, -urn: thankless, unwelcome, disagree iaciO, jacere, lCd, iacturn: throw imrnineO, -Crc: be intent on tune able lactU, -Crc (freq. of iacio): throw; toss about, tor immltis, -C: ungentle, pitiless, violent inerCbeseU, -crc, -ercbui: intensify, increase in ingredior, -gredi, -gressus: enter ment immO: particle, correcting a previous statement frequency inguen, —mis, n.: groin, (p1.) loins jam: adv., now immundior, -ius: more unclean incultus, -a, -urn: unkempt inhibeC, -hibCrc, -hibui, -hibitum: restrain iambus, -t, m: an iamb or iambic verse; (pl.) invec irnpellu, -pellere, -pull, -pulsum: beat against, drive, ineurvO, -Crc: bend iniclU, -Icere, -iCci, -leetum or -lactum: thi ow in or tive verse, cap. that written in iambic meter compel mdc: adv., thence, from that point on jamque: strengthened form of iam irnpendeo, -pendCre, -pensurn: hang above India, -ae, f.: “An ill-defined region of Asia, ex inimicus, -a, -urn: unfriendly; as in. or f, subst. ihnua, -ae, f.: door to a house, other building, or irnpensius: adv., more immoderately, more exces tending from the present subcontinent of India w/gen., enemy, opponent heaven sively to the borders of China; popularly confused iniquus, —a, -urn: uneven; unfaii, ill—disposed ibj (final vowel long or short): adv., there, in that imperCtor, -Oris, m.: ruler, commander with Ethiopia, Arabia, etc.” (OLD) initium, -1, n.: beginning; p1. rites, mysteries, and place; then, there and then imperium, -I, n.: command indicO, -Crc: reveal, declare, disclose, show objects used in such rites ictus, -Cs, rn.: stroke, blow, impact impetus, -Us, m.: forceful or rapid movement; indidcrn: adv., from the same place inifiria, -ae, f.: unlawful conduct; injurious treat Ida, -ae, f.: Mount Ida, a range in the Troad (west attack indigne: undeservedly inent ern Phiygia), a center of ybele worship impius, -a, -urn: wicked, irreligious, without pietas indignus, -a, -urn: unworthy; undeserved iniustus, —a, —urn: unjust Idaeus, -a, -urn: of Mt. Ida implicO, -Crc: entwine, entangle indistinetus, -a, -urn: indiscriminate, disordered, inmerens, -merentis: undeserving, unoffcnding Idaliurn, -I, n.: town in Cyprus sacred to Aphro irnplorU, -Crc: ask for something with entreaty not arranged by type innhtor, -nih, —nixus: lean on, put one’s weight on, dite/Venus impotens, -ends: powerless; lacking in self-control, indomitus, -a, -urn: untamed; indomitable; violent press idern, eadem, idem: pron. & adj., the same, the hence headstrong, wild, violent, intemperate indCeO, -dUccre, -dUxt, -düctum: lead or bring in, innupta, -ac, I’.: an unmarried girl same person; w/adverbial & sts. adversative imprimO, -primere, -pressi, -pressum: press on, admit innuptus, -a, -urn: unwed force, likewise, at the sane time imprint Indus, -a, -urn: Indian inobservCbllis, -C: undetectable to the eye; difficult identidem: adv. = idem et idem, repeatedly, contin improbus, -a, -urn, comp. adv. irnprobius: morally Indus, -I, m: a native of India to trace or observe ually unsound, wicked, flagrant, shameless; wanton inelcgans, -ntis: inelegant, clumsy, infelicitous mops, inopis: destitute; defenseless; powerless ideif: adv., (w/quod): for the reason (that) impudleus, -a, -urn: sexually immoral, licentious mneptiac, -Crum, f,: instances of folly; frivolities mnquism, 2nd pers. sing. mnquis, 3rd pert. sg. mnquit, Idrus, -i, m: unkn., perh, the eponymous founder irnpune: adv., without punishment, with impunity ineptiC, -ire: play the fool, be silly p1. inqulunt: say of Idrias in Caria (see n. to 64.300) impurus, -a, -urn: dirty; morally foul, impure ineptus, -a, -urn, comp. incptior, -ius: foolish, inqumnatus, -a, -urn, coinp. inquinatior: dirty, de

202 203 The Students Catullus The Catullan Vocabulary based, corrupt iii: interj., a ritual exclamation, Yo! of an acre lactus, -a, -urn: glad, happy inquino, -fire: make dirty, soil, stain iocãtio, -Unis, f.: jesting iugo, -are: join, hitch, yoke laevus, -a, -urn: left; the left hand insapiens, -entis: unwise, foolish iocor, -an, -ãtus: joke lugurn, 4, n.: yoke; ridge lAna, -Se, f.: wool inscius, -a, -urn: unknowing locOsus, -a, -urn: full of laughs, jolly, happy iunctus, -a, -urn: connected lancinU, -fine: tear to pieces, mangle insidiae, -firurn, t p1.: ambush, plot locus, -i, m.: joke, jest iungo, iungere, iunxi, iunctum:yoke, join, unite lineus, -a, -urn: woolly insistU, -sistere, instill: stand on; set about, set to lonius, -a, -urn: lonian, spec. of the lonian sea, lunia, -ae, I’.: a woman of the gens Julia, the bride langueU, -Crc: be faint, droop, be sick work on west of Greece and south of Italy in poem 61 (also named Aurunculeia in line languesco, -escere, -cad: weaken, grow feeble insolenter: adv., contrary to custom; immoderately; lovis: see Juppiter 86—see appendix A) languidus, -a, -urn, dim. languidulus. comp. tangui arrogantly ipse, ipsa, ipsum: pron., adj., himself, herself, itself; IUnU, -Unis, f.: Juno, consort of Jupiter, identified dior: weary, drooping, flaccid insprans, -antis: not hoping or expecting acting of his/her/its own accord; as subst., mas with Ok. Hera languor, -Uris, ni.: faintness, exhaustion, lassitude instar, n. (indeel.): the equivalent or equal; ter or mistress luppiter, lovis, m.: Jupiter or Zeus, chief of the Lanuvinus, -a, -urn: from Lanuvium, a town in the adverbial w/gen., to the extent (of) Ipsitilla, -ae, f.: see appendix A Olympian gods; by meton., the weather, wind, Alban hills south of Rome. institufi, -stituere, -slitul, -stitUturn: establish; ira, -ae, f.: wrath sky lapillus, 4, rn.: (dim, of tapEs) pebble begin, set out irascor, ix-asci, irfltus: feel resentment, be angry lUre: adv., rightly lapis, -Idis, rn.: stone instruO, -struere, -struxi, -stricturn: construct, irfitus, -a, -urn: angry, furious, wrathful iUrO, -are: swear an oath Ian, laris, rn.: household god arrange irrigo, -fire: make wet, flood, drench iUs, iUris, n.: law; right; legal standing, authority, large: adv., abundantly insula, -ae, 1.: island irritus, -a, -urn: not ratified, null and void; empty, jurisdiction; (sing. or p1.) code Lfinisaeus, -a, -urn: of or at Larisa, capital of cen insulsus, -a, -urn, superl. insulsissirnus: witless, unfulfilled, vain iustificus, -a, -urn: acting justly, righteous tral Thessaly stupid irrumfltiO, -Unis, f.: the act of forcing another iustitia, -ae, f.: justice IArius, -a, -urn: belonging to the Larius Lacus, insultO, -are: leap or trample on; behave insulting person to give oral sex iustus, -a, -urn: just mod. Lago di Como, lake in Cisalpinc Gaul iuvenca, -ae, f.: a young cow, heifer IAsampicifer, -era, -emum: (Latmus in Caria (SW Asia force, in these circumstances istic, istaec, istuc: that which you have, mention, or iuvO, -flre, iUvi, lUtum: help; please, gratify Minor) intereO, -ire, -ii, -iturn: die refer to labefactO, -are: make unsteady; undermine, cause LfitUnia, -ac, f.: daughter of Latona or Leto; epithet to weaken interficiO, -ficere, -fed, -fecturn: kill istic: adv., there by you; over where you are in resolve of Diana interior, -lus: inner lstinc: from the place you are in, from this situation labellurn, -1, n.: (dim. of labrum) lip latnU, -fire: bark interitus, -Us, rn.: violent or untimely death of yours labO, -are: stand unsteadily, totter tAlus, -a, -urn: wide, broad intestinum, 4, n.: (p1.) intestines, guts ita: adv., so labor or labUs, -Uris, m.: labor, effort, toil latus, lateris, n., dim. latusculum, -1, n.: side, flank intestlnus, -a, -urn: internal; personal Italus, -1, m.: an Italian labOriOsC: adv., painfully Liiudarnla, -ae, f.: Laodamia, wife of Protesilaus intimus, -a, -urn: inmost itaque: adv., accordingly, in consequence, so labOriOsus, -a, -urn: laborious, much worked-upon laudO, -fire: praise intortus, -a, -urn: twisted or twined item: adv., similarly, likewise labUri, -Arc: work, labor taurus, -I, f. ace. p1. taurUs: laurel or bay tree intrfi: prep. w/acc., within, inside iter, itineris, n.: journey, path, road, course labrum, 4, n.: lip laus, laudis, f.: praise; cause of praise, virtue, glory or intus: adv., inside, within iterum: adv., again; for the second time labyrinthfus, -a, -urn: of like a labyrinth, labyrin lautus, -a, -urn: washed clean; sumptuous, luxurious infirO, -Urere, -Ussi, -Ustum: burn, burn in, brand ItUnus, -1, f.: Boeotian town famous for its cult of thine lavO, lavere, lflvl, lautumn: wash inveniU, -venire, -sent, -venturn: meet, find; acquire, Athena lacessO, -crc, -lvi, -iturn: challenge, provoke, harass laxus, -a, -urn: spacious; loose get Itylus, 4, m.: Itys, son of Tereus and Proene, killed lacnirna, -ae, f., dim. lacrimula: tear leacna, -ae, f.: lioness invenustus, -a, -urn: not venustus, unlovely, unat by Procne Iacrirno, -are: weep lectica, -Se, f.: litter, a covered and curtained couch tractive luba, -ae, f.: mane lactens, -entis: milky; milk-white used for carrying a person invictus, -a, -urn: unvanquished iubeU, -Ire, iussi, iussum: order, bid; w/dat. of lacteolus, -a, -urn: dim, of lacteu.s, milk-white lectom, -Uris, rn: reader invideO, -Cre, -idi, -isum: to look at with ill will or person bidden in 64.140 lacus, -Us, m.: lake lectus, -a, -urn: chosen, choice, picked envy; begrudge iUcundus, -a, -urn, eomp. iUcundlor, -ius, superl. LAdAs, -us, m.: Spartan runner, proverbial for lectus, 4, rn., dim. lectulus or lecticulus, -I, us.: bed, invisU, -visere, -visi, -visurn: go to see; look upon iUcundissirnus: pleasant, delightful speed couch invttus, -a, -urn: unwilling iUdex, -idis, m. or f.: judge taedO, -crc, laest, lacsum: injure, offend; handicap lego, -fire: send as an envoy invocU, -fire: call upon, invoke iugalis, -C: yoke-bearing; matrimonial laetitia, -ae, f.: happiness lego, -ere, legi, leeturn: gather; remove; pick out; involO, -are: fly at, swoop down upon (to steal) iUgerum, -1, n.: a measure of land, about two-thirds laetor, -fin: rejoice, be glad read, read about

204 205 The Students Catullus The Catullan Vocabulary lënii, -ire, -lvi, -fturn: make less violent, assuage; lignurn, -i, n.: wood, firewood lustni, -are: purify ceremonially; move through manus, —is, f_: hand appease; mollify 11gm, -ire: tie, bind luteus, -a, -urn: reddish yellow Marcus, —i, in.: Roman praenornen, e.g., of M. lënis, -e: easy, gentle Ligus, -uris: Ligurian; from Liguria, in NW Italy luturn, -I, n.: mud Tullius Cicero lëniter, comp. lenius: adv,, gently; without drastic lirnen, lirninis, n: threshold, doorway lux, lucia, f.: light, ray; by melon., day; sweetheart mare, -is, n: sea effect lirnes, lirnitis, m: boundary; lane, path Lycionius, -a, -urn: of or descended from Lyeaon, maninus, -a, -urn: of the sea, marine limO, -mis, rn: brothel keeper, pimp, procurer limpidus, -a, -urn: clear, transparent e.g., allisto maritusi, -a, -urn: married lentus, -a, -urn: supple, pliant; slow, taking one’s lingo, lingere, linxi, lincturn: lick Ldius, -ia, -ium: Lydian, of Lydia (see note to maritus’, -i, rn.: husband time, unconcerned, at ease lingua, -ae, f.: tongue 31.13) rnarmor, -oris, H.: marble; the marblelike surface of leO, leOnis, m,: lion linqui, linquere, liqui: leave, quit iyrnpha, -ae, 1.: a water nymph: (poet.) water the sea lepidus, -a, -urn, adv. lepide, superl. lepidissimus: linteurn, -I, n.: linen cloth; napkin; sail lymphatus, -a, -urn: frenzied, frantic Marnicinus, -a, -urn: of or belonging to a people charming, ‘kitty -lCd, Iiquefacii, -facere, -factum: melt macer, -era, -drum: thin, scrawny, emaciated living on the east coast of central Italy; see lepos, -iris, m: charm, grace, wit; term of endear liquens, -culls: liquid, flowing; clear, transparent macula, -ae, f.: stain, blemish appendix A ment liquidus, -a, -urn: liquid, fluid; clear, unclouded maculi, -ire: spot, spatter, stain mis, maria, m: a male Lesbia, -ae, f.: poetic name given the woman loved us, litis, f,: lawsuit rnadefiO, -fiCri, -factus: become wet, be soaked miter, -tris, f.: mother by Catullus, See appendix A litorãlis, -e: of tile shore rnadeO, -Crc: be wet, e.g., with tears rnitcrnua, —a, —urn: of a mother; on tile mother’s Lesbius, -a, -urn: nomen gentile, probably satirical litterator, -iris, m.: schoolteacher Maecilius, -a, -urn: Roman nomen gentile, e.g., of side of the family and fictitious, in poem 79 litus, -otis, n.: shore the woman in poem 113 miltirus, -a, -urn: ripe Limthaeus, -a, -urn: of the Lethe, river of forgetful lividus, -a, -urn: a dull, grayish-blue color Macnas, -adis, f.: a “raver” or Maenad, female mitfitinus, —a, —urn: of the morning, matutinal underworld; ness in the meton., of death loci, locire: place votary of Bacehus, Bacchantc Mayors, Mivortis, nL: Mars, god of war limtifer, -era, -erurn: bringing death, deadly Locris, -idos, f: Loerian (epithet of Arsinoe) rnaeror, -iris, m.: grief rnaximus, -a, -urn, adv, maximim: greatest (superl. of limturn, -i, n: death locus, -i, rn. & locum, -I, n.: place, region, part maestus, -a, -urn, eomp. rnaestior, -lus: sad ,nagnus) Ievimen. -mis, n: relief, solace, comfort longim: far, for a great distance or time; by far, to a magis: adv., more medicus, -I, ns: physician. doctor levis1, -e, comp. levior, -ius: light in weight; light, considerable degree magistra, -ae, f.: mistress, i.e., woman in charge rneditor, —iii, —itris: contemplate, think out, rc gentle; trivial, shallow, insignificant longinquus, -a, -urn: far-off; drawn-out, long magnanimus, -a, -urn: noble-spirited, brave, bold hearse levis2, -e: smooth longus, -a, -urn: long; tall, svelte Magnus, -i, m: cognomen of Pompey the Great, medius, -a, -urn: middle; the middle of leviter: adv., lightly loquella, -ac, f: speech Cn. Pompeius Magnus medulla, -ae, f, dim. rnedullula: tile marrow of the levi, -ire: lighten loquor, loqui, locitus: speak; tell magnus, -a, -urn, super!. maxirnus: large, great hones; the interior, inside lex, legis, f.: law lmrurn, -1, n: a leather strap for tying magus, -1, m.: a Persian priest, diviner, magus MCdus, -1, m: a Mede or Persi:mn libellus, (dim. of liber): little book; -I, m bookshop litiurn, -1, n.: urine male: adv., badly, improperly; male ease + dat. mel, gets. of ego: of mc, of mine libenter: adv., with pleasure; willingly, gladly lubentius: adv,, more gladly (impers.): be distressed, feel ill, suffer mcii, meiere, mmxi, minctum: urinate libert, -era, -erurn: free lubei or libeO, -Crc, intr. w/dat. of person pleased: rnaiedici, -dicere, -dlxi, -dictum: speak ill of, abuse, melior, -lus: (eomp. of bonus) better liber2, -ben, rn. or -berae, f: child to be pleasing; quid lubet: anything you like, insult Mella, -ne, rn.: river near llrixia in isalpine Gaul Liber3, -cr1, rn.: the inc god, Bacehus/Dionysus anything at all malignus, -a, urn, adv. rnalignC: ungenerous, spite mellitus, —a, —urn: honey—sweet liber4, -bni, rn.: the inner bark of tree; hook, a lucellurn, -t, n.: dim, of lucrum, a small profit ful; grudging, poor, mean, scanty membnana, -ac, f.: sheepskin or goatskin used as volume, roll licei, -Crc, luxi: shine; dawn Milius, -a, -urn: of Malis in southern Thessaly, parchment or as a cover for manuscripts liberilitis, -hills, f.: generosity, munificence Lucina, -ae, f.: goddess of childbirth, identified with near Thermopylae rnernbrurn, -i, n.: any part of the body; limb libere: adv,, freely Juno or Diana mali, rnalle, malui: prefer, desire more rncrnct: my own self Qiie + emphatic enelitic -met) desire; craving libidi, -mis, f.: sexual lucIus, -is, rn.: the expression of grief; lamentation, malurn’, -I, n.: trouble, misfortune, woe, ailment nsernini, -isse: (pf. used with pres. force) remember libi1, -ire: pour as a libation grief, sorrow rnilum2, -I, n.: apple Mernnsius, -I, m,: Roman nomen gentile: see appen LibO2, -mis, rn: Roman cognomen in 54.3 lfidicrurn, -1, n.: an amusement; plaything rnalust, -a, -urn: bad, evil, malicious dix A librãrius, rn.: scribe; book dealer lidi, lusum: -L -crc, lust, play milus2, -1, m.: pole; mast of a ship Memnin, -onis, Hi.: legendary king of Aethiopia, libri, -ire: make level; hold suspended; balance, lidus, -1, rn.: sport, play; love-play Mimurra, -ae, m.: name of a family at Formiae; son of Ens/Aurora, brother of Zcphyrus poise ligem, -Crc, luxi, luctum: mourn see appendix A rnernor, -oris: remembering, mindful Libya, -ae. f: North Africa lurnbus, -1, m.: groin, p1. loins mandãturn, -i, n.: command rnemoribilis, -e: worth remembering Libyssa, -ae, f. adj: of or belonging to North limen, -mis, n.: radiance, light; day; the light of mine: adv., in the morning mendax, -acis: mendacious, lying, false Africa; African life; by melon., eye; a light-giving body in the maneO, -Crc, rnansi, mansum: remain, stay, wait MenCnius, -a, -urn: name of a plebian goes; see Libystinus, -a, -urn: African heavens Minius, -i, m.: Roman praenomen in poem 6$ poem 59 licet, -Crc, licuit: impers., it is permitted Lina, -ac, f.: title of Diana, the moon goddess Manlius, -I, rn.: nomen gentile of the groom in mens, rnentl, f: mind Licinius, -I, ns: nomen gentile of C. Lieinius Maccr lupa, -ac, f.: she wolf; prostitute poem 61, Manlius Torquatus (see appendix A) mensa, -ac, f: table Calvus; see appendix A lupinar, -iris, n.: brothel, whorehouse mini, mãnãre: flow, run, drip mcnstruus, -a, -urn: monthly ligneus, -a, -urn: wooden: tough, stringy lupus, -1, rn: wolf mantica, -ae, f.: knapsack mention, mentiri, mentitus: lie; make a false prom-

206 207 The Students Catullus The Catullan Vocabula,y ise 8.1) menses, -Us, m.: bite narrO, -Crc: give an account, tell; say mentula, -ae, f.: penis; pseudonym given Mamurra rniserCbilis, -e: pitiable, pathetic mortClis, -is, m.: a mortal, human being nascer, nasci, nCtus: to be born; originate of Formiae (see appendix A) rniserC: adv., wretchedly; with piteous result, un mortuus, -a, -urn: dead NCsU, -Unis, m.: Roman cognomen in poem 112 mereor, meritri, meritus: win, earn, deserve happily mUs, mOris, m: custom; manner, (p1.) morals nCsus, -I, m: nose meretrix, -icis, f: courtesan, hetaera; a woman who rnisereO, -Cre, -ul and misereor, -Cr1, -itus: impers., mUtus, -Us, m.: motion, movement nCta, -ac, f: daughter makes money from lovers feel sorry for; dep., have pity moveO, -Cre, mUvi, mOtum: move nCtiU, -Unis, f.: people, race, nation mergo, mergere, mersi, mersum: dip, plunge, miserescO, -ere: w/gen., have compassion on mUcus, -1, m.: mucus, snot natis, -Is, f: buttock immerse miseriter: adv., pitifully, in a manner that incites mUgilis, -is, m: a sea fish, the gray mullet (used in natO, -Crc: swim; float meridjU, -Ure: take a siesta pity punishing adulterers) nCtu, -I, rn.: son; nCtl: children, offspring, Sons and meritU: adv., deservedly, with good cause mitis, -e: sweet and juicy; succulent; soft mUgiO, -Ire, -lvi, -iturn: low, moo, bellow, roar daughters rnerso, -are: submerge, plunge, overwhelm mitra, -ac, f.: an oriental headdress fastened with mUla, -ac, f.: a she mule naufragus, -I, rn: a shipwrecked person merus, -a, -urn: pure, undiluted (esp. of wine) ribbons under the chin. mulceO, mulcCre, mulsi, mulsum: caress nauta, -ae, rn.: sailor messis, -is, f: harvest mittO, -ere, misi, missum: send, send forth; (of mulier, -is, f: woman nCvis, -Is, f: ship Inessor, -Uris, m: reaper, harvester weapons) throw, cast, hurl; emit, utter; cease, multa, -ae, f: penalty nCvita, -ae, m.: nauta, sailor -met: end, part., attached for emphasis to certain desist, omit; let go, release, abandon, discard; multiplex, -plicis: having many twists and turns; nit: neg. adv. & conj., introducing prohibitions, pronouns give varied clauses of purpose, etc.: do not, let not, lest, in metier, -in, mensus: measure, mark off rnnCrnosynum, -1, n.: keepsake, souvenir multivolus, -a, -urn: promiscuous, lusting after order that not, etc. rnetuO, -ene, metul, metUturn: fear; w/a, ab, fear modo: adv,, just, only; dum mode, provided only; many, amorous -nc: interr. particle suffix, introducing a question

danger (from) just now; modo ... mode: at one time ... at multO, -Crc: penalize and attached to the emphatic word meus, -a, -urn: my, mine another; non mode sed: not only ... but... multum: adv,, much nebula, -ac, f: mist, cloud ml: abbr. form of dat. mihi, to me; vocative masc. modus, -I, m: measure, quantity; manner, way; in multus, -a, -urn: much; a lot of, many a; (p1.) many nec: neque, and not sg. of meus modem: rhythmically, in time mUlus, -1, rn.: mule; metaph., a stupid person necclum: conj., and nut yet, but not yet mica, -ae, f: particle, grain moecha, -ae, f.: adulteress; slut munditiCs, Ci, f.: cleanliness neccssc: adv., essential, necessary micU, -Crc: quiver, dart, flicker; flash, glitter, gleam moechor, -Cr1: commit adultery mundus’, -a, -urn, comp. mundior: clean nefandus, -a, -urn: unspeakable; wicked, unlawful, Midas, -ae, m: legendary king of Phrygia, possessor moechus, -I, m: adulterer, sexual aggressor; forni mundus2, -I, m: heavens, sky, firmament; world, impious of the golden touch cator earth nefanius, -a, -urn: wicked, horrible migro, -Crc: move, migrate moenia, -ium, n. pE: town walls mUniceps, -ipis, m: citizen of a municipium; towns nefas, n. mdccl.: sacrilege; wicked act, crime, miles, militis, rn: soldier inolestus, -a, -urn, adv. molestC: troublesome, man horror miliCs: adv., a thousand times annoying mUnus, -ens, n: function, duty, task; gift; favor ncglcgens, -ntis, camp. neglegentior, -lus: careless mille, p1. milla: a thousand mollescU, -escere: become soft mUnusculum, -1, a.: a small gift or favor ncglego, -crc, -cxi, -ccturn: regard as of no conse mirnicC: in the manner of a mIma, an actress in a molliculus, -a, -urn: dim, of moths, somewhat Murcia, -ae, f.: a goddess, app. assoc. with sloth quence, be indifferent to, disregard, ignore, fail licentious kind of farce voluptuous, unmanly, or erotic mUrus, -I, m: city wall to respect minax, -Uds: menacing, threatening mollis, -e, dim. mollicellus, -a, -urn: soft, mild, muss, -ac, f.: a muse, divine patroness of poetry negO, -Crc: deny, refuse, say that ... not minimus, -a, -urn: superl. of minor, least languid, voluptuous muscUsus, -a, -urn: mossy Nemesis, -cOs, f.: Greek goddess of retribution minister, -ti-i, rn: servant, attendant, acolyte moncU, -Crc, monul, moniturn: warn mUm, -Crc: change; in pass., w/acc. of thing re nCrnO, ncrninis, rn,: nobody, no one ministra, -ae, f.: handmaid, temple attendant monimentum, -1, n: anything that serves as a ceived in exchange & abl. of price paid, buy; nemenivagus, -a, -urn: forest wandering MinOis, -idis, f.: Ariadne, daughter of K. Minos commemoration, reminder, or memorial exchange, take in exchange ncmus, -ens, n.: a wood, forest minor, minus: smaller mons, rnontis, m: mountain mUtes, -a, -urn: inarticulate, mute, dumb, silent nepOs, nepOtis, m.: grandson, descendant MinUs, MinUis, ace. MlnOa, rn.: Minos, legendary monstrO, -Crc: show; teach mUtuus, -a, -urn: felt or shared by each of two in NcptUnius, -a, -urn: of or belonging to Neptune king of Crete, husband of Pasiphaë, father of monstrum, -1, n.: portent, prodigy, apparition; relation to each other, mutual, reciprocal; neut. NeptUnus, -1, rn.: Neptune or Poseidon, god of the Ariadne and Phaedra monster; a monstrous act, atrocity p1. with adv. force, reciprocally, in equal mea sea; the sea

MinOtaurus, -i, rn.: the Minotaur, son of Pasiphaë mora, -ae, f.: delay sure nequc: conj., adv. and not; ncquc ... ncque: neither minus: adv. less morbOsus, -a, -urn: unhealthy, disease-ridden; mor myrtus, -I, f., nom. p1. myntus: the myrtle tree, a nor minUtes, -a, -urn: small bidly lustful bushy shrub with oval leaves and fragrant white nequcO, -ire, -ivi or -Il: to be unable (to) minificC: adv., amazingly, remarkably morbus, -1, m: disease or rosy flowers, common to southern Europe nitquiquarn: adv., to no purpose, in vain miror, -Cr1: be amazed, wonder, marvel mordeO, -Crc, momordi, morsum: bite nam: explanatory particle, for; as end., for lively or NCritinC, Cs, f.: a Nereid minus, -a, -urn: extraordinary, remarkable rnoribundus, -a, -urn: dying, moribund: decaying impatient emphasis, indicating the point of a NCritis, -Idis: a Nereid, sea nymph born of Nereus misceU, -Crc, miscul, mixtum: mix, combine morior, men, mortuus: die line of questioning and Doris misellus, -a, -urn: dim, of miser, poor little; wretch moror, -Cr1: delay, stay, wait narnque: explanatory conj., for nercOsus, -a, -urn: full of muscles, sinewy; vigorous edly in love mors, mortis, L: death nanciscer, -ciscl, nactus: acquire, get; contract (a nesciO, -Ire, -lvi or -II, -iturn: not to know; nescio miser, -era, -erurn: wretched, unhappy (see note on morsum, -1, n: a piece bitten off (cf. Eng. morsel) disease) quis, quid: indef. pron. or adj., someone, some-

208 209 The Students Catulius The Catullan VocabuIay thing (NB.: The personal ending of nescio scans as nUbts, -is, f.: cloud obstinitus, -a, -urn: stubborn, obstinate, resolute omnis, -e: adj., all, whole, entire a short syllable.) nescio quid + part. gen.: some nUbO, nUbcre, nupsi, nuptum: get married obstO, -ire, -silt!, -stiturn: (w/dat.) face; obstruct, omnivolus, —a, -urn: that desires all, all-desiring sort of. nOdS, -ire: make naked, denude, bare hinder, impede onus, -el-is, n.: burden, load! neu: conj., and that ... not nüdus, -a, -urn: bare, naked obsurn, -esse, -fui: be a hindrance, nuisance, disad onyx, onychis, m.: a perfume jar of onyx ni, nisi: unless; quid ni: why not? of course nigae, -ãrurn, f. p1.: trifles, things of no conse vantage opicus, -a, -urn: dark Nicaea, -ae, f.: a city in Bithynia, mod. Izntk quence obterlS, -terere, -trivi, -is-Burn: crush opera, -ae, f: activity, work, effort niger, -gra, -grurn, superl, nigerrirnus: dark, black nullus, -a, -urn: adj. & subst., not one, no, none; obvius, -a, -urn: in the way or path of something operiU, -ire, -ui, operturn: shut, close; cover nihil, nil: mdccl. n., nothing; w/adv. force, an with adverbial force, not at all occisus, -us, m: opportunity; setting (of a heavenly oportet, -Crc, -Wi: it is proper, right; it ought, emphatic form of non: not at all num: interrogative particle, introducing questions body) should nihilurn, -1, n: nothing; abl., w!comparisons, by no where a negative answer is expected occidens, -ends, rn: the region where the sun sets, oppidU: adv., utterly, altogether degree, no nirnen, nUminis, n.: a nod; divine power the west opplelS, -plere, -p1ev!, -piCturn: fill up Nilus, 4, rn.: the Nile River in Egypt numerO, -ire: count occido, -crc, occidi, occisurn: fall; (of heavenly oppositus, -a, -urn: situated in front of; opposite, nirnirurn: part., no wonder, doubtless nurnerus, -1, rn.: number; verse, meter bodies) set lacing; pledged, pawned, mortgaged nirnis: adv., too much; very much numrnus, -!, rn.: a coin; (p1.) cash occupo, -are: grasp; occupy; engross, preoccupy opprirnO, -prime—c, -press!, -pressus: press against; nimium: adv., too much, excessively nurnquarn: adv., never Oceanus, -I, rn: Ocean, god of the sea, husband of overwhelm nimius, -a, -urn: excessive nunc: adv., now Tethys opprobrium, 4, n.: shame, disgrace nisi: eonj., unless, except if nuntilS, -are: announce, communicate, tell ocellus, -1, m.: dim. of oculus, eye; as term of en- ups, opis, f.: power; wealth; help nitens, -ntis, ppl. of niteo: shining, radiant nuntium, 4, n.: message, communication dearment, darling Ops, Opis, f.: a Roman goddess, wife of Saturn, nhtor1, niH, nixus: lean; press onward; rely, depend nuntlus, -i, rn: messenger; message, p1. news octivus, -a, -urn: eighth mother of Jove nitor2, -Uris, In.: brightness, brilliance nUper: adv., recently octo: mdccl. adj., eight Optittus, -a, -urn, coOSp. optatior, -ius: (opto) wished niveus, -a, -urn: snowy, white nupta, -ae, f.: wife; nova nupta: bride oculus, -1, rn: eye for nix, nivis, f.: snow nuptialis, -e: of or pertaining to marriage or a Odi, Odisse, Usum: hate; repudiate, have no patience optimus, -a, -urn: (supeil. of bonus) extremely nO, fire: swim; float, sail wedding for good, the best nObilis, -e: well-known, famous, illustrious nUtO, -ire: nod, sway; beat rhythmically odiurn, -i, n.: hatred optings, -tingere, -hg!: occur, fall to osie’s lot Noctifer, -cr1, rn.: the night bringer or evening star nUts-lU, -ire, -lvi, 4tum: feed, nourish, nurture odor, -Uris, rn.: smell, odor, fragrance opts, -ire: wish, choose, desire noeturnus, -a, -urn: of the night, night time nlStrix, -icis, f: nurse; breast Oetaeus, -a, -urn: of Mi. Octa in southern Thessaly, opulentus, -a, -urn: wealthy, opulent nUllS, nolk, nolui: be unwilling, not to wish; imp. nux, nucis, 1: nut traditionally associated with the evening star opus, -ci-is, n.: that which needs to be done; work. noli + infin. = do not nympha, -ae, f.: a semidivine female nature spirit and the hot springs of Thermopylae opus est: there is need nOrnen, -mis, n.: name; a reason, pretext, or pur Nsigena, -ae m. adj.: born on Mt. Nysa, birthplace ofl’erO, offerre, obtuli, oblaturn: put in one’s path; 01-a, -ae, L: edge, border; region, district, land Bacchus/Dionysus pose of provide, offer; cause Oric(u)lurn, 4, ii.: oracle nOn: adv., not 0: interjection, expressing grief, pleasure, indigna officium, -1, n: fulfillment of an obligation; service, OrãtiU, -onis, f.: speech nOndurn: adv., not yet tion, or adjuration duty; function, action Oritor, -Uris, m.: public speaker, courtroom advo Ninius, -i, m.: Roman official attacked in poem 52 Oarion, -Onis, rn.: the constellation Orion olTirmO, -ire: make firm; get tough cate nUnus, -a, -urn: ninth obdUrO, -ire: be persistent or obdurate olens, -ntis: having a smell; aromatic os-his, orbis, m: disk; sphere nOs: 1st pers. pron.. we, us obeO, -ire, -lvi, -itum: meet, go into, take on oleurn, -I, n.: olive oil; by meton., wrestling, wres orhus, -a, -urn: bereaved, dlestitute noscitO, -ire: (freq. of nosco) recognize obisus, -a, -urn: fat tling place Orcus, -i, rn.: Dis, god of the underworld; the noseS, -noscere, nOvi, nOturn (pf. forms with pres. obitus, -Us, n1: approach; death; setting (of a olfaciO, -facere, -ftci, -factum: smell underworld force): know heavenly body) Ohm: adv., formerly, once, once upon a time orgia, -Ui-urn, n. p1,: secret rites, mysteries nosier, -ira, -trum, gen. pl. nostrum: poss. adj., obiurgO, -ire: rebuke, scold oliva, -ae, f.: olive; olive tree Oricilla, -ae, f.: dim, of auris, a little car our, (poet.) my oblectO, -are: delight olivum, -1, n.: olive oil origo, -lois, f.: origin, beginning nota, -ac, f.: mark; quality, character oblitterd, -ire: cause to be forgotten, wipe out olla, -ae, f.: pot, jar orior, os-in, ortus: rise nUtescO, -escere, -ui: became known or famous obliviscor, -visci, oblitus: forget, w/gen. or ace. of olus, oleris, n.: vegetable UrO, -ire: pray, beseech, supplicate nothus, -a, -urn: illegitimate; spurious, counterfeit object forgotten Olympus, -1, rn: Greek mountain on borders of Ortalus, -1, rn: cognomen of person addi cased in notO, -ire: mark, stain obloquor, -Ioqui, -IocUius: interrupt Thessaly and Macedonia, legendary home of the poem 65, probably Q. Hortensius Hortalus. nOtus, -a, -urn: known, familiar; famous obscCnus, -a, -urn: unpropitious, ill-omened; loath gods; by melon., the sky, the heavens ortus, -Os, rn.: rising (of a heavenly body) notus, 4, ni.: friend, acquaintance some; indecent Omen, -mis, a.: something that foreshadows an Os, Uris, n.: mouth; face, countenance novem: mdccl. num. adj., nine obscUrO, -ire: darken Outcome or event oseitU, -lire: yawn novcrca, -ae, f.: stepmother obscUrus, -a, -urn: dark; unknown, secret Omenium, -1, n.: the fatty membrane covering the oscuhitiU, -Onis, f’ the action of kissing novus, -a, -urn: new; super!. novissimus, -a, -urn: obsero, -is-c: place a bar across (a door), bolt intestines; peritoneum oscuhum, -i, n: kiss latest, last obsideO, -sidire, -sidi, -sessum: occupy; besiege, omninO: adv., absolutely, altogether ostendU, -tendere, -tend!, -tensum: show, display; nox, noctis, f.: night beset omnipotens, -ntis: all-powerful reveal

210 211 The Students’ Catullus The Catultan Vocabulaiy ostentö, -fire: freq. of ostendo, exhibit, display Paris, -idis, rn.: Paris, son of Priam, seducer of pelagus, 4, n.: the sea perhibeO, -Cre, -hibut, -hibiturn: present, bestow; conspicuously Helen PCleust (disyllabic), -ci, ace. PClea, voc, PClcu: son say, hold, maintain, give out ostiurn, -i, is.: door pariler: adv., equally of Aeacus, mortal spouse of Thetis, father of periculurn, -i, is.: a test; danger, peril Otho, -Onus, in.: Roman cognomen in 54.1 Parnflsus, 4, rn: Parnassus, the mountain near Achilles periuriurn, -i, is,: a breach of oath, false oath, OtiOsus, -a, -urn: full of otiwn, at leisure, idle Delphi PClCus2, -a, -urn: of Peleus; of Mt. Pelion perjury Otiurn, 4, is,: unoccupied spare time, leisure, rest, parO, -flre: furnish, supply; obtain; paratum habere PCliacus, -a, -urn: of Mt. Pelion, in Thessaly perifirus, -a, -urn: oath breaking, perjured, treach idleness + infin.: to be ready to pellis, -is, f.: pelt, skin, hide, fleece erous pacatus, -a, -urn: peaceful, calm, tranquil pars, partis, f: part; some; standpoint, side pello, pellere, pepuli, pulsum: push; strike, beat; perlOceo, -öre: transmit or emit light; shine pacificO, -are: placate. appease parthenicö, -ös, f.: a flower, perh. the white camo drive, drive off perludidulus, -a, -urn: transparent, translucent Padua, -ae, f.: one of the mouths of the Padus (Po) mile Pelops, -opis, rn: son of Tantalus, father of Atreus pcrrnisceO, -miscCrc, -rniscui, -mixturn: blend River Parthi, -Orurn, rn. p1.: Parthians, members of an and Thyestes thoroughly, mix up paene: adv., almost; adj. w/insula, peninsula Iranian tribe south of the caspian Sea peisalCs, -hum, rn: household gods, the tutelary pcrrnulceO, -rnulcCre, -mulsi, -rnulsum: caress, paeniteO, -öre, -ul: cause dissatisfaction or regret particeps, -cipis, m.: participant, sharer gods of the Roman pantry soothe, refresh (impers. const. wlacc, of person affected & gen. paz-urn: adv., too little pendeO, -öre, pepeisdi: hang; depend, rely perrndiCs, -Ci, L: ruin, bane of cause) parvus, -a, -urn dim. parvulus: little Penelopeus, -a, -urn: descended from Penelope perisiciter: nimbly, with quick motion of the legs palaestra, -ae, f.: a wrestling place, usu. a wrestling Pflsithea, -ae, f.: one of the three Graces, wife of penetrahis, -C: situated at the inside of a house; perisix, -idis: leggy, long-legged floor with adjacent changing rooms, etc. Somnus innermost pernumerO, -are: fully enumerate, count Out palarn: adv,, openly passer, -et-is, m.: sparrow or blue rock-thrush, a penetrO, -ft-c: w/in + ace., make one’s way into, perpetior, -peti, -pessus: undergo; allow palaturn, 4, is: roof of the mouth, palate; by common domestic pet in Italy penetrate pcrpdtuus, -a, -urn: continual, everlasting, perpetu meton., the mouth (as the organ of speech) passim: adv., dispersedly, all over the place PCnios, -ii, rn.: river that flows through the vale of al; in perpetuuisz, in perpetuity, forever palirnpsesturn. -1, is.: a palimpsest, papyrus recycled patefaclO, -facere, -tci, -factum: make open, open Tempe in Thessaly, and its eponymous river-god Persa, -ac, rn,: a Persists or Parthian by erasure to make a lnw-cnst writing material up penis, -is, rn: tail; penis percaepe: adv., very often pauidus, -a, -urn, camp. pallidior, dim. pallidulus: pateO, -Cre, palul: be open; show as entered (in ac penile: (penitus) adv., deep down inside, secretly pcrscribO, -crc, -scripsi, -scripturn: write out in full, pale counts) penitus: adv., from within; far away; deeply finish writing palliurn, -ii, is.: a rectangular cloth worn as an pater, -Iris, rn: father penna, -ae, f.: wing persequor, -sequl, -secOtus: follow persistently, outer garment, Gk. himation paternus, -a, -urn: of a father; paternal per: prep., through, along catch up with, pursue, harass, seek requital or palma, -ae, f.: the front of the hand; the palm or pathicus, -i, rn.: a pathie or catamite, one who peraeque: adv., uniformly, equally restitution palm leaf; the palm of victory; an oar submits to anal sex perambulo, -fre: walk around in; make a tour of Perseus, -ci, rn.: son of Zeus and Danaë, hero who palmula, -ae, f.: the palm of the hand; oar; palm pallor, pati, passus: undergo, suffer, be subjected percdllo, -cellere, -cull, -culsurn: strike down, kill killed the Gorgon and rescued Andromeda tree or leaf to; bear, put up with, tolerate, let, allow percurro, -currere, -cucurri, -cut-sum: run through Persicus, -a, -urn: Persian palUs, -Udis, f.: swamp patria, ae, f: fatherland quickly persolvo, -crc, -solvi, -solüturn: pay pandO, -ere, pansurn: spread out, disclose, reveal; pairirnOnium, -i, is.: estate, fortune pcrdepso, -depsere, -depsui, -depturn: knead thor perspeclus, -a, -urn: known from experience, prov open patrist: abbr, for patri eat oughly; (metaph.) screw, have sex with en pango, pangere, pepigi, pacturn: fix in place, settle, patrius, -a, -urn: of one’s father or fathers; pater perdite: adv., to distraction, to a ruinously excessive perspicid, -spicere, -spexi, -specturn: inspect thor arrange nal, ancestral degree oughly; discern, recognize panis, -is, in.: bread patrOnus, -I, rn. or patrOna, -ae, f.: patron or pa perditus, -a, -urn, comp. perditlor, -ius: ruined; pertuisdo, -tuisdere, -tudi, -tüsurn: beat or bore a papfiver, -ris, n: poppy troness, guardian, protector, supporter, sponsor depraved hole through, perfot ate papilla, -ae, f: nipple; breast patruus, -I, rn: paternal uncle perdo, -ere, -didi, -diturn: ruin, spoil pcrurO, -Urcrc, -ussi, -usturn: burn up papyrus, -i, f: an Egyptian reed used in making pauci, -ae, -a: a few perdOcO, -ducere, -duxi, -ducturn: conduct pervenlO, -vcnirc, -vCni, -vcntuni: come paper; paper made from the papyris reed paulurn’, 4, n.: a little bit peregrinus, -a, -urn: foreign pervlgulO, -fire: stay awake all night par, paris: equal, comparable; fitting paulurn2: adv., for a little while perennis, -e: constant, enduring pet-vised, -vincere, -vici, -victurn: prevail over, over- paratus, -a, -urn: ready, prepared pax, pads, f.: peace; pace tua: by your leave pered, -ire, -ii, -iturn: vanish; be done in, perish, come Pares, -ae, f.: a Roman goddess of birth; one of the peccaturn, -I, is.: error, mistake, offense die; (hyperb.) suffer, be in big trouble pcrvolvd, -volvere: go on unwinding (a book scroll) Fates or Moirai peccO, -arc: err; do wrong peresus, -a, -urn (peredo): eaten up, worn away, pCs, pcdls, rn: foot; (poet.) a metrical foot; (naut.) parco, parcere, peperci: act sparingly, refrain from, pectus, pedtoris, n.: breast, chest; soul, heart, mind wasted the line or sheet by which each of the two lower show restraint pecus, -oris, n: livestock, cattle perferO, -forre, -tuli, -laturn: carry on, endure corners of a square sail is made fast to the ship parcus, -a, -urn: thrifty, frugal; skinny, lean pedico, -are: sodomize, bugger, or inflict anal sex perfidla, -ae, f.: treachery, lying, perfidy pessirnus, -a, -urn: supeil. of mains, extremely bad, paz-ens, -calls, rn. or f.: parent upon a person (sts. as a way of humiliating him) perfidus, -a, -urn: treacherous, perfidious worst pareO, -öre, -ul, -hum: submit, be obedient pediturn, -I, is.: a fart perfundO, -fundere, -füdi, -fflsurn: pour through, pestilens, -eslls: unhealthy, noxious, pernicious parid, parere, peperi, paz-turn: give birth to; pro Pegaseus, -a, -urn: of the winged horse Pegasus drench, suffuse, imbue pestilentia, -tie, f.: plague, pestilence duce pêierO, .flre: swear falsely, perjure oneself pergo, pergere, perrexi, perrecturn: proceed pcstis, -is, L: physical destruction; plague, affliction,

212 213 The Student Catullus The Catullan Vocabula,y bane plangor, -Uris, rn.: a beating or slapping action possideO, -sidCre, -sAdi, -sessurn: have (land) in praeterquarn: conj., except as; beyond, except petftor, -Uris, rn.: one who tries to obtain some planta, -ae, f.: sole of the foot one’s control; hold as property praetextAtus, -i, in.: a boy wearing the child’s thing; a candidate for office platanus, -1, f.: plane tree possum, posse, potui: to be able bordered toga petO, petere, petivi, petftum: seek platea, -ae, f.: street post: prep. w/acc, adv. behind; later, afterward practor, -Uris, m.: coinniander; niagistrate, governor PhaëthUn, -ontis, rn.: son of the sun-god Helios, plectO, plectere, plexi, plexurn: plait, twine posthac: hereafter praetrepidO, -Are: treniblc in anticipation who lost control of his father’s chariot plënus, -a, -urn: full postillA: adv., afterwards, after that time praevcrtO, -verteme, -verti, -versurn: outstrip, Outrun Pharsãlius, -a, -urn: of or at Pharsalus ploxenum, -t, n.: the body of a carriage postmodo: adv., later pmandco, pmandere, pmandi, pmansurn: (pf. pple. in Pharsãlus, -1, f.: town in south central Thessaly, plumbum, -1, n.: lead, used for drawing lines posiquam: conj., after active sense) eat ones morning or midday meal, near which caesar defeated Pompey in 48 B.C. plUmips, -pedis: having feathers on the feet postremus, -a, -urn: final to lunch phasëlus, -1, m: a light ship, so-called because of plUrimi, -ac, -a: superl. ofplus, the greatest number postulO, -are: demand; claim, assert pratum, -1, yr.: nseadow its resemblance to a green bean of, a very great number of Posturnius, -a, -urn: name of a Roman gens precor, -Art: ask for, beg; implore Phãsis, -idos, rn.: a river in Colchis, flowing into plurimurn: adv,, superl. of plus pote: see potis premO, prernene, pressi, pressum: press, weigh the eastern end of the Black Sea; city at the plus, pluris, n.: more potens, -entis: powerful down mouth of the Phasis R.; by meton., Colchis plus, plans: adj. & adv., more potior, potiri, potitus: get possession of prendo, prendere, prendi, prensuns (prchendo): Pheneus, 4, m.: town in northern Arcadia with pUculurn, .1, n.: cup pods or pate: mdccl. adj., having the power, able; take hold of; accost underground channels podagi-a, -ac, 1.: gout, a painful inflammation of the possible. Catullus uses potis with eat or sit; with pretiurn, -I, n.: price; cost Phoebus, 4, in.: Phoebus Apollo, twit brother of joints of the foot pate the verb must be supplied. prex, precis, f.: prayer, entreaty Diana poema, -atis, n.: poem potius: adv., more, more than, rather Priapus, -i, rn.: phallic fertility god, used in gardens Phrygius, -a, -urn: of Phrygia, Phrygian poena, -ae, f.: penalty prac: prep. w/ abl., before, in front of; in compari to keep off birds and thieves Phryx, Phrygis: Phrygian poeta, -ae, m.: poet son with primaevus, -a, -urn: youthful pielUs, -tãtis, f.: dutiful respect poliO, -ire, -lvi, -Hum: polish praeceps, -cipitis: plunging headfirst; headlong; prtmOres, -turn, rn p1.: chiefs, captains, leading piger, -gm. -grurn: sluggish, torpid, lazy pollex, -icis, rn.: thumb sudden men pignus, -aria, yr.: anything given as security or polliceor, -en, -pollicitus: offer, promise praccepturn, 4, n.: advice, precept; instruction, prirnurn: adv,, first, for the first time; quarn prirn risked in a bet: pledge, stake PaulO, -OHms, in.: a Roman cognomen, e.g., of C. order urn: as soon as possible pun, -ae, f: pillar, column Asinius Pollio; see appendix A praecenpO, -crc, -cerpsi, -cerpturn: cull or reap primus, -a, -urn: first; the tip of pilleãtus, -a, -urn: wearing a felt cap (,pilleus) polIuO, -uere, -ut, -Uturn: stain, soil, make ritually ahead princeps, -cipis: first, earliest pilUsus, -a, -urn: hairy, shaggy impure praecingo, -crc, -cmxi, -cincturn: encircle, stand pnincipiO: adv,, first of all pilus, -t, in.: a hair; something of no value or Pollux, -Ucis, m.: son of Tyndarus and Leda, bro around prior, -ius: fornier significance tlier of Castor and fellow-patron of sailors praecipue: adv., peculiarly, especially priscus, -a, -urn: ancient, olden, old-fashioned, pineus, -a, -urn: of pinewood Polyxenius, -a, -urn: of Polyxena, Priam’s daughter, praecO, -Onis, m.: crier; auctioneer archaic pinguis, -e: fat, rich sacrificed at Tray to appease the shade of praecurro, -currere, -curri, -cursurn: run ahead of pristinus, -a, -urn: ancient; previous pinnipës, -pedis: wing-footed, with winged feet Achilles or past pnius: adv., before, earlier pinus, Us, f: pine tree Pompeius, -a, -urn: Roman nornen gentile, e.g., of praeda, -ae, f.: booty, prey pro: prep. w/ abl., in front of; on behalf of; in pipiO, -Are: chirp Cn. Pompeius Magnus, Caesar’s chief rival for praedicO, -Are: proclaim, declare, announce return for; in the capacity of PiplAlus, -a, -urn: of Pi(m)pla, a place or spring in power until his death in 48 B.C. praefor, -fArt, -fAtus: say by way of preface pmohA: well Pieria associated with the muses pondus, -ens, n.: weight praegestiO, -ire: have an overpowering desire, he probrurn, -I, ii: disgrace, scandal Piraeus, -1, rn.: the Piraeus, port of Athens pOnO, ponere, posul, positurn: put, place; provide especially eager for probus, -a, -urn: good, virtuous Pisaururn, -1, n.: an Umbrian town on the Adriatic pons, pontis, m., dim. ponticulus: bridge praemiurn, 4, n.: payment, offering, prize, reward procax, —Acis: irsiportunate, impudent, licentious coast, mod. Pesaro Ponticus, -a, -urn: of or on the Black Sea praeoptO, -Arc: prefer, choose in preference prOcCdO, -cCdere, -cessi, -cessurn: move forward piscis, -is, in.: fish pontus, -1, m.: sea pmaepOnO, -ponere, -posul, -positurn: place if front; procella, -ae, f.: storns, gale PisO, -Unis, m.: cognomen of the Gens Calpurnia. papier, poplitis, rn.: the knee give preference to pmOcCrus, -a, -urn: tall, long See appendix A populus, -1, rn.: the people; the public, people in pmaeportO, -Are: carry before one, carry in front prOclivus, -a, -urn: downward sloping, (of whitecaps pistrinum, -1, n.: mill general; populace praeruptus, -a, -urn: broken off into a cliff, steep at sea) tumbling forward or down pftulta, -ae, f.: mucus, phlegm Porcius, -a, -urn: name of a Roman gens; see pnaesens, -ntis: face to face, in person, present prOcreO, -Are: procreate, engender, beget pius, -a, -urn, superl. plissimus: dutiful, conscien appendix A pmaesertirn: especially, particularly procul: adv., far off; to a great distance tious, upright pornigo, -rigere, -rexi, -rectum: stretch out praeses, -idis, rn.: guardian prOcurnbO, -curnbere, -cubul, -cubiturn: bend or fall placcU, -ore, -ui or -itus: be pleasing to porro: adv., straight on; hereafter praestO: adv., available, ready forward placidus, -a, -urn: quiet, peaceful porta, -ae, f.: city gate; place of entry or exit praeter: preP., adv., conj, beyond prOcurrO, -currere, -curri, -sursurn: run forward; placo, -Are: cause to be favorably disposed, concili porto, -Are: carry praetereA: adv., besides, moreover roll forth ate, appease portus, -Us, rn.: harbor, port praetereO, -ire, -ivi, -itum, pres. pple. -iens, -euntis: prOdeO, -ire, -ii, -burn: conic or go lorward; ad plangO, -ere, -xi, -eturn: beat, strike poscO, poscere, poposci: demand (esp. money) go beyond, pass vance

214 215 The Students Catullus The Catullan Vocabulary prodo, prodere, prodidi, proditum: thrust out; give forward over a distance pusillus, -a, -urn: puny quicurnquc, quaecurnque, quodcurnque: indef. rd. up, abandon, betray PrOtesilACus, -a, -urn: of or belonging to Protesilaus putidus, -a, -urn: rotten; foul, stinking pron., whoever, whatever proelium, -1, n: battle (sing. & p1.) prOvincia, -ae, f: province, a unit of Roman colo puto, -Are: think quidarn, quacdani, quoddarn: a particular —, a profAnus, -a, -urn: not dedicated to religious use; nial administration, e.g., Bithynia putridus, -a, -urn: rotten, decaying, withered certain not initiated into a cult proximus, -a, -urn: nearest quA: indef. adv. w/lubet, in whatever way; wherever quidern: part., certainly, indeed prOfero, -ferre, -tuli, -lAturn: bring forth; utter pruriO, -ire: itch, tingle; have a sexual craving, be quAcumque: adv., wherever quies, -Ctls, f.: sleep, repose prOficiO, -ficere, -feet, -fecturn: make headway, gain sexually excited quadraginta: mdcci. num. adj., forty quilubet, quaelubet, quidlubet: whoever or what results -pie: emphatic particle quadrivium, -ii, n.: a crossroads ever you please; anyone, anything proficiscor, proficisci, profectus: set out, proceed PthiOlicus, -a, -urn: in or of Phthiotis, in southern quaerO, -crc, quaesivi, quaesitum, iterat. quaerlto, quits: adv., why not; conj., (w/expr. of no objection) profundo, -fundere, -füdi, -fusum: pour forth Thessaly -Are: ask, ask for, seek that not; so as to prevent; (w/expr. of no doubt) profundus, -a, -urn: deep, bottomless pubes, pubis, f.: the adult male population; man quaesO, -crc: ask, pray, request; w/imper., please that, but that prOgeniCs, -CT, f.: offspring, progeny power quAlis, -C: (interr) of what kind; (rd.) such as quindecim: mdccl. adj., fifteen prognatus, -a, -urn: born, produced pudens, -ntis: proper, decent, modest quAiiscumque, quAlecumque: rd. adj., of whatever quingenti, -ae, -a: five hundred prOiciO, -ere, -iêci, -iectum: fling forth, throw for pudenter: adv., properly, decently, modestly sort or quality; (in depreciatory sense) such as Quintilius, -a, -urn: Roman smomen gentile, e.g., of ward; renounce pudeO, -êre, -Ui: to make ashamed, cause embar it is, for whatever it is worth Calvus’ wife or mistress in poem 96 PrornCtheus, -ci, rn: the Titan who stole fire for rassment quolubet: adv., by any means at all; somehow or Quintius, -a, -urn: Roman nomen gentile; see ap mankind and warned Zeus not to have a child pudice: adv., decently, in a chaste manner other pendix A by Thetis pudicitia, -ae, f.: chastity, sexual fidelity quam: interr. & re adv., to which extent or de quis, quid, interr. and indef. pronoun: who? what? promissum, 4, n.: a promise, assurance pudicus, -a, -urn: chaste, decent, sexually modest gree; how; as, than anyone, anything promittU, -mittere, -misT, -missum: send forth; pudor, -Oris, m: a sense of shame; decency, mod quamquam: rd. adv,, although quisnam, quacnarn, quidnam: pron. & adj., undertake, promise, guarantee esty quamvis: rd. adv., to any degree you like, as much who/what, tell me?, who/what, finally pronus, -a, -urn: leaning forward, angling or sloping puella, -ae, f.: girl; young woman; girlfriend as can he; concessive w/subjunctive, even though quisquam, quicquam: indef. pron., anyone, any toward the ground; sloping; face down, prone; puellula, -ae, f,: dim, of puella, little girl; by exten quando: indef. adv. following si, at any time thing flat sion, a maiden of marriageable age quandoquidem (2nd syll. short in dactylic verse): quisque, quaeque, quidque or quicquc: each one prope: adv, & prep. w/acc., near puer, pueri, m.: boy; colloq., of a friend; slave; rd. adv., since quisquis, quidquld or quicquid: interr. or indef. properipes, -pedis: swift footed puerpera, -ae, f.: a woman in childbirth quantum, -i, n: indef. pron., whatever amount pron., whoever, whatever properO, -Are: huriy puerperiurn, -1, n.: birth of a child; delivery (with est + part. gen.) of all that exist quivis, quaevts, quidvis: whoever or whatever you propinquus, -I, m: neighbor; kinsman, relative pugillaria, -ium, n. p1.: a set of writing tablets quantum: rd. adv., as much as wish; anyone, anything proponO, -ponere, -posufi, -positum: expose to view, pugnO, -Are: fight quantus, -a, -urn: interr. or rd. adj., how much, duo: adv., to whicls place, whither set forth, offer, propound, propose pulcer, -cra, -ct-urn, comp. pulcrior, -ius, sup. how great, p1. how many quod: rd. adv,, conj,, with regard to the fact that; Propontis, -idis, f.: the Propontis or Sea of Mar pulcerrimus, -a, -urn: beautiful, handsome, quantusvfs, quantavis, quanturnvis: as much or as because mora, between the Black Sea and the Aegean lovely many as you could wish quondam: adv., once, formerly proprie: properly; particularly, especially; in the pulcrC: beautifully, handsomely quAre (from abl. qua rC): interr. & rd. adv., how? quoniam: conj., as soon as, after; because, since strictest or truest sense pulvinar, -Avis, n: a couch on which images of gods for what reason? on account of which thing; quoquc: also propter: adv. & prep. w/acc., near were placed at a banquet offered to the gods wherefore, therefore quot: mdccl. adj., how many, as many proscindo, -scindere, -scidi, -scissum: plow pulvinus, -i, m.: cushion, pillow quasi: conj. with subjunctive., as if quotiens: rd. adv., as often as, whenever; quotiens prosequor, -sequi, -secOtus: escort; chase after pulvis, -veris, m: dust; sand quasso, -are (iterat. of quatio): shake repeatedly totiens: as often as ... so often. prOsiliO, -ire, -Ui: rush forth; jump up suddenly pumex, -icis, m or f.: pumice or any similar volca quassus, -a, -urn (pple. of quatio): shaken, battered quotquot: mdccl. adj., whatever number, as many as prospectO, -Are: gaze Out nic rock, used to smooth the ends of book-rolls quatlo, quatere, quassum: shake rabidus, -a, -urn: raging, ravening, frenzied, violent prospectus, -us, m.: view, prospect puppis, -is, f: the stern or poop of a boat; by -que: enclitic conj., and rabiCs, -Ci, f.: savageness, ferocity; uncontrolled prosperus, -a, -urn: agreeable to one’s wishes, meton., boat, ship queO, quit-c, quivi: to be able emotion, frenzy prosperous pUpula, -ae, f.: a little girl; the pupil of the eye quercus, -us, f.: an oak tree rAdicitus: adv,, by, from, or at the roots; roots and prospiclo, -spicere, -spexi, -specturn: look forth or pUpulus, -1, m.: a little boy querella, -ac, f: complaint, protest, lament all out put-go, -Are: clean, clear out; (refi.) apologize, queror, queri, questus: complain, protest radio, -tire: radiate light, beam, shine prosterno, -sternere, -strAvi, -strAtum: lay low, excuse questus, -Os, m: complaint, protest rAdix, -icis, f.: root strike down punter: in a pure manner qui, quae, quod: rel. pron. & adj., who, which; RarnnOsius, -a, -urn: of or native to Ramnus, a prostituO, -stituere, -stitul, -stitOturn: to prostitute purpura, -ae, f: a shellfish yielding a purple dye; indef. adj./pron. after si, any district of Attica (epithet of Nemesis, the Ram prosum, -desse, -ful: to be of use, help, or profit purple dye; any purple-dyed cloth qui: interr. adv., how? how so? nusia ti,go) prOtëlurn, -1, n.: a team of draft animals such as purpureus, -a, -urn: purple quia: because rtirnus, -i, m., dim. rOmulus: branch, twig oxen pOrus, -a, -urn, comp. pirior: clean, pure; plain, quicque: see quisque rapax, -Ads: predatory, rapacious prOtendo, -ere, -tendi, -tentum: stretch out; extend unembellished quicum = curn quo rdphanus, -i, f: radish

216 217 The Studenty Catullus The Catullan Vocabulary rapidus, -a, -urn: strongly flowing, swiftly moving, refringO, -fningere, -fregi, -fractum: break store, cure; give back unharmed or in its original rudens, -ntis, in.: rope, line rapid; scorching, consuming refulgeO, -gere, -fulsi: shine, gleam state rudis, —e: still in its natural state; inexperienced, rapina, -ae, f.: plunder regalis, -is: kingly, royal, regal restringO, -stringere, -strinxi, -stnicturn: tie back, untried rapifi, -crc, -ul, raptum: seize and carry off rOgia, -ac, f.: palace restrain with bonds Rifa, -ae, f,: woman’s cognomen in poem 59 rapius, -Us, m.: robbery, plunder; abduction regina, -ae, f: queen reticeO, -tire, -ul: refrain from speaking, keep silent Rifulus, -i, m.: dins. of Rufus; man’s cognomen in rUrus, -a, -urn: loosely woven; uncommon, rare; regius, -a, -urn: royal; princely, splendid; cares regia, retineO, tire, -tinul, -tentum: hold fast; keep poem 59 exquisite a large size of paper netonO, -tire: resound, reverberate RUfus, -1, m: man’s cognonsen in poems 69 and 77; rãsiiis, -e: worn smooth, polished reglutino, -Ore: unglue, unstick retrahU, -trahere, -traxi, -tractum: drag backwards; see appendix A rastrum. -i, n.: a type of hoe regO, regere, rexi, rectum: direct, manage, guide, withdraw ruina, -ae. f: uncontrollable forward movement; ratio, -Onis, f.: account, reason; exercise of faculty control reus, -i, m: a defendant in a trial collapse, ruin of reason; business, matter, affair; method, rCiciO, -icere, -led, -iectum: throw back reventor, -verti, -versus: return, conic back i-imor, -Uris, m: rumor, gossip means relego, -Ore: banish, remove from the scene revinciO, -vinci-c, -vinxi, -vincturn: hold down, rumpO, —crc, i-Opt, rupturn: break, rupture, split, ratis, —is,f.: raft; boat, ship religio, _Onis, f: religious scruple, taboo, or impedi attach, bind burst raucisonus, -a, -urn: harsh-sounding ment; religious observance revisO, -visere: pay another visit; go back and see, ruO, ruere, rut: rush ROvidus, 4, rn.: cognomen of a tival of atullus; rcligO, -tire: tie back, tie up; untie return to rOpes, -is, f,: cliff, crag see appendix A relinquO, -linquere -liqui, -lictum: quit, leave, revocO, -are: call back rursus, rursum or rfjsuin: adv., back again; con reboO, -Ore: resound, re-echo forsake rex, regis, m.: king trariwise recOdO, -cëdere, -cessi, -cessurn: draw back; extend rCmigiurn, -1, n.: the action of rowing Rhtinus, -1, m.: the river Rhine, often regarded as i-is, rUns, n: country, boondocks backward, recede remittO, -miftere, -mist, missum: send back, return forming the border between Gaul and Germany russus, -a, -urn: red recens, -entis: recent, fresh rensoror, -an: wait, linger, daily Rhtisus, 4, m.: Thracian king, brother of Hceuba, nusticus, -a, -urn: rustic; of the country, rural recepso: see recipio and note to 44.19 remOtus, -a, -urn: removed, remote, distant ally of Priam in Trojan War killed by Diotnedes rutilus, —a, —urn: reddish, ruddy (inclining to gold or reeipiO, -cipere, -cêpi, -cepturn: receive, take in remUgiO, -ire: boom or bellow in reply and Ulysses orange) reclUdO, -cludere, -dUst, -clüsum: open; uncover, remUneror, -On: repay Rhodus, -I, f: the island of Rhodes Sahinus, -a, -urn: front the Sahitic count!)’ north lay bare rOmus, -t, m: oar Rhoettius, -a, -urn: of Rhoeteum, city on the Hel east of Rome recodtus, -a, -urn: warmed-over, rehashed Remus, -I, m.: brother of Romulus, legendary lespont near Troy sacculus, -i, m: purse recolU, -ere, -ui, -culturn: reoccupy; go over in one’s founder of Rome; see appendix A, Romulus rictus, -is, m.: an open mouth sacer, sacra, sacrum: sacred, holy; accursed, detest mind renideO, -tire: shine; smile back, beam rideO, rtdtire, risi, risurn: laugh able reconditus, -a, -urn: hidden away, secluded renovO, -tire: renew, restore ridiculus, -a, -urn: funny sacrtitus, -a, -urn: sacred, holy recordor, -On: call to mind, remember reor, rtiri, ratus: believe, think, imagine rigida, -ae, f.: the erect penis sacrO, -Ore: consecrate; hind with an oatls recrepo, -Ore: ring or sound in answer repente: suddenly, immediately risus, -is, m.: laugh sacrurn, -I, n.: a sacred object or observance, rite rector, -Uris, m.: steersman, ruler reperiU, -ire, reppeni, repertum: find, discover rite: adv., properly, duly sueclurn, -i, n.: a generation rectus, -a, -urn: straiglst, erect, straight-limbed repUnO, -ponere, -posui, positum: put back; put to nivOuis, -is, rn. orig. one who shares the use of a saepe: adv., often recumbO, -cumbere, -cubui: recline; settle rest stream rivus); a rival, esp. in love saepiO, -ire, saepsi, saepturn: enclose; sun ound recUrO, -Ore: restot c reporto, -are: carry back, return rivus, -1, rn: stream with a wall or hedge reddO, -crc, reddidi, reddftum: give back, restore; reposcO, -crc: demand back; claim as one’s right, nixa, -ae, f: quarrel, brawl Sactabus, -a, -urn: of or made in Sactahis, a town repay (a debt, obligation, or vow); pay (honor, demand rObur, noboris, n.: an oak tree, oak; the strongest in Ilispania Tarraconensis (ef. nsod. ‘1 arragona) tribute, etc.); render, turn something or some requiescO, -quiescere, -quievi, -quititum: rest, find element of anything saevitia, -ae, f.: savagery, cruelty; violence, ferocity one into relief rObustus, -a, -urn: strong saevus, -a, -urn: fierce, savage redeO, -ire, -ii, -itum: return requirO, -quirere, -quisivf, -quisitum: try to find, rogo, -Ore: ask, ask for Sagae, -ti-urn, in. p1.: the Sacae, a Scythian people redimlO, -ire, -ii, -iturn: wreathe, encircle seek, look for, ask about; need, miss rogus, -1, m: funeral pyre living east of Bactriana and Sogdiana reditus, -as, in.: return ntis, i-el, f.: property, wealth; thing, matter ROma, -ae, f: the city of Rome sagitta, -ac, I’.: arrow redivivus, -a, -urn: reused, second-hand resideO, -sidtire, -stidi: remain seated; persist ROmulus, -i, m.: eponymous founder of Rome; see sagittifer, —era, -crurn: arrow-hearing redUcU, -ducere, -dust, -ductum: bring back residU, -sidere, -stid.i: Sit down, take a position appendix A sOt, sails, rn.: salt; fig., of a quality that gives char redux, reducis: brought back, returned, restored resolvO, -solvere, -solvi, -soiUtum: loosen, undo noscidus, -a, -urn: dewy acter and flavor, wit; melon., the sea referO, -ferre, -tuli, -lãtum: bring back; report; resonO, -tire: echo, resound roseus, -a, -urn: rosy, red salapitium, —1, m.: unknown epithet said to refer to (reflexive) return; who + abi., write down; respectO, -tire: to keep on looking back at; wait rostrum, -i, n.: the snout or muzzle of an animal; a person of short statute; pcrh, derived from w/acc. & dat., put something down to, assign to expectantly for, count on the beak of a bird or ship salia, to mount or cover sexually (of male a category respergO, -spengere, -spensi, -spersum: sprinkle, rubeO, -Crc: to be or become red animals; OLD 4) rellciO, -ficere, -fed, -fectum: restore Spatter, splash ruber, -bra, -brurn: red salax, -Ocis: oversexed; lascivious (see salio) rellOgitO, -Ore: demand repeatedly in a loud voice respondeO, -tire, -di, -sum: answer, reply ribigO, -lois, f.: rust; blight salihlurn, —t, n.: (dim. of salinum) a little saltcellar rdflectO, -flecterc, -flexi, -flexurn: bend back restituO, -stituere, -stitui, -stitUtum: rebuild; re rubor, -Uris, m.: redness, blush saliO, —ire, salut, salturn: Jump, leap; mount for

218 219 The Studenty Catullus The Catullan Vocabulary sexual intercourse bimbo senex, senis, rn: old man, codger sicula, -ac, f: a small dagger; (metaph.) penis scorturn, -i, n.: skin, hide; prostitute, courtesan, Salisubsalus, 4, rn.: a cult title, perhaps of Mars sensus, -Us, m: sensation; any of the senses; con strut: conj., in the same way as bimbo saliva, -ae, f.: saliva, spit sciousness sidus, -ens, a.: star, planet, constellation scripsi, scripturn: write; mark up, salsus, -a, -urn: salty, briny; witty, clever scribU, scribere, sentid, -ire, sensi, sensum: perceive, sense, feel sigxsurn, -1, n: sign, signal with drawings saltern: adv., at least, anyhow inscribe septcmgcminus, -a, -urn: sevenfold; having seven Silttnus, -i, rn: an attendant of Bacchus, usually cylindrical wooden box for hold saltus, -Us, rn.: rough woodland broken with glades; scrtniurn, -i, n.: a mouths (e.g., the Nile) represented as old, fat, and drunken a large country estate ing rolled books (volumina) Septirnius, -1, rn., fam. dim. Septimillus: Roman silescU, -escerc: become silent, grow quiet works (in poetry or salurn, 4, n.: swell, billow; the sea scripta, -drum, n. p1.: writings, nomen gentile silex, -icis, m: any hard rock; flint salUs, salUtis, f.: safety, well-being prose) sepulcretum, -1, n.: cemetery, graveyard SilO, -dais, rn: cognomen of a pimp in poem 103 salve, salvCte: greetings! hail! scriptor, -Uris, rn.: writer sepulerum, -i, a.: tomb, sepulcher silva, -ac, f: forest, wood man about town sancius, -a, -urn: holy, sacred, inviolate scurra, -ae, rn: a fashionable sepultus, -a, -urn: (part. of sepelio) buried silvestcr, -iris: of the forest monster in the Straits sCott: surely, decidedly Scylla, -ae, f: a cliff-dwelling sequor, sequt, secUtus: follow silvicultrix, -icis, f.: adj., living in the forest Italy and Sicily) who sanguis, -lois, rn,: blood of Messina (between Serapis, -is, rn: an Egyptian god popular in the sirnilis, -e: similar to, like Charybdis is on sCnus, -a, -urn: healthy; sane; sober devours sailors on passing ships; Roman world; the temple of Serapis, where Ro SimOnldttus, -a, -urn: of Simonides of eos (556- strait saplO, sapere, sapivi: have a taste; have taste, the other side of the mans went for faith healing 467 B.C.), famous for his poems of sadness reflex. pers. pron., him/her/itself sense, discernment sC, sestt: serCnus, -a, -urn: clear, unclouded; calm, untrou simul: adv., at the same time, together, as well; -cttssi, -cCssum: withdraw Sapphicus, -a, -urn: of Sappho, the 7-6th cent, lyric sCcCdO, -cttdere, bled conj., as soon as torment poet seed, -Crc: cut; (transf.) scriud, -Unis, m: talk, informal speech, conversa sincCrC: adv., without impairment, falsehood, or apart, remote, secluded, sarcinula, -ae, f.: a light knapsack sttcrtttus, -a, -urn: set tion; topic of conversation dishonesty sat: adv., enough secret serOt, -crc, sevi, saturn: sow, plant sine: prep. w/abl., without line of movement or action; a line satiU, -Crc: satisfy seem, -ae, f.: a sttrU2: adv., late singuli, -ac, -a: one apiece; taken separately, indi of life, occupation satis: mdccl. adv., enough of teaching; way serpens, -entis, f. or rn.: snake vidual -Ctus: (freq. of .cequor) follow con Satrachus, -1, rn.: river in Cyprus, connected with sector, -Cr1, serta, -drum, n. p1.: chains or festoons of tiowers singultus, -Us, nL: sob chase the legend of Smyrna’s son Adonis stantly; pursue, serum, -i, n.: whey; any fluid similar in appearance, sinister, -tra, -trum: left; harmful, perverse, mis rn.: a sleeping apart; the action of satur, satura, satururn: well-fed; full sttcubitus, -Us, e.g., semen guided apart from one’s spouse or lover Saturnãlia, -lurn, n. p1.: the festival of Saturn, sleeping sCrus, -a, -urn: late sinistra’, -ac, f [se. menus]: the left hand (tradi sleep apart (from one’s spouse) beginning Dec. 17, a period of merriment and sttcubO, -arc: serva, -ae, f.: female slave or servant tionally used in thieving) with himself, herself, itself, them license sttcurn: (cum Se) servid, servirc, -lvi, -Rum: w/dat., serve, be subject sinistrC2: adv., on the left saturU, -Crc: fill, satisfy, sate selves to sind, sinere, sivi, situm: leave alone; allow -a, -urn: (early participial gerundive of Satyrus, -i, rn: a Satyr, demigod of wild places, secundus, servus, -i, rn: male slave or servant sinus, -us, rn.: the cavity or fold produced by the going along with, following; hence (of a frequent companion of Bacchus/Dionysus sequor) sesquipedalis, -e: one and a half feet long looping of a garment (OLD); breast; bosom, favorable; second saucius, -a, -urn: wounded, afflicted wind) sessor, -Uris, rn.: one who sits refuge; a curved indentation in the coastline -is, f: axe saxcus, -a, -urn: made of stone secUris, sestertium, -ii, n.: (abbr. form of mi/ia sestertium), such as a bay or gulf disjunctive conj., but saxurn, -i, n.: stone, rock sed: a thousand sesterces siquls, siqua, siquld: si + indef. adj., if any seded, -Cre, sttdI, sessum: sit scaber, -ra, -rum: rough, scabrous from disease, ScstiCnus, -a, -urn: of Sestius sins: see sine and 66.91 note sttdCs, -is, f.: seat; place, home scabbed Sestius, -a, -urn: name of a Roman gens (see ap Sit-mid, -dais, f: mod. Sermione, a long promon I’.: a field or crop of standing grain scabiCs, -Ci, f: mange, scab (as term of abuse) seges, segetis, pendix A) tory running out into Laeus Benaeus (mod. rn.: one of the two rivers of Troy sella, -ae, f.: seat; chair of office Scarnander, -dri, seu, sive: or if; whether ... or (see alec) Lago di Garda) semel: adv., a single time, once; once and for all scandU, scandere: mount, climb, ascend sevCrus, -a, -urn, eomp. sevCrlor, -ius: austere, sisid, sistcre, stcti, staturn: (redup. SW) cause to n.: seed; semen, sperm scelero, -are: stain or defile with wicked acts sCrnen, -mis, stern, strict, grave stand, set; present, hand over -ntis: half-open scelestus, -a, -urn: lying under a curse; (applied sttmihians, sCvocd, -are: call one apart from, draw aside; sepa sitid, sitire: be thirsty -a, -urn: half-washed pityingly) wretched; wicked sCrnilautus, rate situs, -Us, rn.: stagnation, mold, rust, decrepitude crime, iniquity; a wicked act sCrnirnortuus, -a, -urn: half-dead scelus, -eels, n.: si: conj., if sive, scu: conj., or if; whether ... or sttmirAsus, -a, -urn: partly shaven scilicet (scire licet): clearly, evidently, no doubt sibi (final vowel may be long or short): dat. of the soecus, -i, rn: a loose shoe or slipper worn by -a, -urn: of or associated with byways scindU, scindere, scicidi, scissurn: split sCrnitCrius, reflexive personal pron., to or for himself, women and alleys sciU, scire, scii, sciturn: know herself, themselves socer, -cr1, rn: father-in-law semper: adv,, always, forever scitus, -a, -urn, eomp. scitior, -lus: well-informed; sibilus, -i, m.: any sibilant sound; hissing, whistling socius, -1, rn.: partner, companion, colleague -ac, f.: old age clever, knowing, having savoir-faire senecta, sic: adv., in this way, so, thus SOcratlon, -I, m: dim, of Socrates; unknown ad senectUs, -tUtis, f.: old age scornber, scombri, rn.: mackerel siccO, -Crc: dry, drain dressee in poem 47 sened, -Crc: to be old scopulus, -1, rn: a projecting rock or cliff siccus, -a, -urn, comp. siccior: dry sodClieiurn, -1, a.: club, fraternal organization; little senesed, -escere, -ul: grow old, age scortillurn, -i, n.: dim. of scorturn, chippy, sicine: sic + interrog. -ne: is this the way? partnership

220 221 The Students Carullu.s The Catullan Vocabulaiy sodãlis, -is, m.: crony, buddy, comrade stabulum, -1, n.: stable, fold, shed; lair, den sexually to a man situate below sOdës: (si audes, lit, if you hear) if you please stadium, -it, n: a running track subtegrnen, -mis, n.: the woof or weft, cross-threads suprtnsus, -a, -urn: highest; final; decisive, critical, sOt, sOils, m.: the sun, sts. personified as Sol stagnum, -i, n: any expanse of standing water: in a loom running at right angles to the vertical desperate sOlãcium, -1, n. dim. solaciolum: solace, comfort pool, lagoon, lake threads of the warp sUra, -ae, f.: calf of the leg solea, -ac, f.: sandal statim: adv., immediately subter prep., below surgO, surgere, surrexi, surrecturn: risc, get up soieO, -ëre, -itus: to be accustomed (to); (euphe statua, -ae, f: statue subtilis, -e: fine-textured, delicate surripio, -nipere, -nipul, -repturn: steal mistic, w/acc.) to “know,” i.e., be sexually inti statuO, -uere, -ul, -itum: set up, set, stand; decide suburbãnus, -a, -urn: located close to the city suscipiO, -cipere, -cepi, -cepturn: undertake; per mate with stella, -ae, f.: star succipio, -cipere, -cipi, -cepturn: take up, take on, form solitus, -a, -urn: accustomed sterilis, -C: incapable of procreation undertake to discharge (a vow or oath) suscitO, -tire: rouse, dislodge soliurn, -1, n.: a high-backed clsair, throne sternuO, sternuere, sternul: sneeze succumbo, cumbere cubut cubitum collapse suspendo, -pendere, -pensi, -pensurn: hang, sus sollers, -ertis: clever, skilled, ingenious, resourceful stimulO, -are: to goad on; incite, rouse, excite (w/dat) go down lie under or submit to (a pend sollicitus, -a, -urn: restless, troubled, anxious stipendium, -i, n.: payment man) in the act of sex suspicor, -tint: guess, infer; suspect sOlor, -art: comfort, give solace to stipes, stipitis, m.: tree trunk sUdãriurn, -i, n.: a cloth carried to wipe off sweat suspirU, -tire: sigh, Paul solurn’, -1, n.: base, floor; (sts. p1.) soil, earth, stirps, stirpis, f.: stem, stalk, family, offspring sudor), also used as a napkin sustoilO, —toilere, —Lull: raise ground stU, stare, steti, statum: stand sUdO, -are: sweat, perspire susurrU, -tire: whisper solum: adv., only stolidus, -a, -urn: dull, stupid, inert sUdor, -Uris, m.: sweat, perspiration suus, -a, -uln: reflex. possesive adj., his/her/its own sUlus, -a, -urn: only, alone, lonely stridO, siridere, stridi: make a shrill, strident sound suescU, suescere, suëvl: become accustomed; in Syria, -ac, f: Syria, the region between Asia Minor solvO, -crc, -ut, -ütum: loosen, untie, dislodge, cast stringO, stringere, strlnxt, strictum: bind fast; draw perf be accustomed and Egypt, usually including Phoenicia and off; discharge, fulfill (a vow) (iron) into bars, case harden Suffënus, i, m name of a Roman poet see Palestine (OLD) somnus, -I, m.: sleep, sts. personified as Som,’ws strophium, -ii, n.: a twisted band supporting a appendix A Syrius, -a, -urn: of or from Syria; Syrian sonipës, -pedis, m.: (poet.) a horse woman’s breasts suffixus, -a, -urn: attached beneath; attached up on Syrtis, -is, f.: shoals on the N. African coast be sonitus, -Us, m.: sound strUrna, -ae, f.: a swelling of the lymphatic glands; Sulla, -ae, rn.: a Roman cognomen; see appendix A tween Carthage and rene sonO, -are: make a sound a person deformed by such swelling sum, esse, ful: to be (for alternative forms, see tabelia, —ae, f.: board, placard, tablet; lirninis La— sOpiO, -Onis, m.: penis studeO, -ëre, -Ui: concentrate on appendix D) bella: portion of a double housedoor sopor, -Uris, rn: sleep studiOsus, -a, -urn: zealous, eager, diligent summissus, -a, -urn: lowered, submissive taberna, -ae, f.: hut; inn, hostel sordcO, -ëre: he dirty; seem unworthy, not good studiuns, -1, n: zeal, ardor, eagerness, enthusiasm; surnrnus a urn highest the top of ttibescO, -csecne, -ul: waste away enough pursuit, pastime surno, sumere surnpsi, sumpturn take up tabula, -ac, f.: a fiat piece of wood; a wax-coated sordidus, -a, -urn: dirty, squalid, shabby, unbecom stultus, -a, -urn: stupid, foolish sumptuOsus, a urn adv sumptuOse expensive writing tablet; p1., account books ing, tacky, sordid stultus, -I, m.: a fool lavish taccO, -ërc, tacul, taciturn: be silent, say nothing soror, -Uris, f.: sister stupor, -Uris, m.: numbness, lethargy, paralysis, sumptus, -Us, rn: outlay, cost, expense tacitus, -a, —urn: unspeaking; silent sospes, -Itis: safe torpor; (meton.) an insensate person, clod super: adv., over, above; more; besides; w/est, = taeda, -ae, f: pinewood, esp. as used in torches; sospitU, -are: preserve, defend stuprum, -1, ii.: dishonor, shame; illicit sexual superest; prep. w/acc., over torch; marriage torch, by meton. wedding spatium, -1, n.: racetrack; area, space, extent activity, debauchery superbus, -a, -urn: proud, haughty iaedet, taedüre, taesurn est: impers., be sick or tired spectO, -are: look at, watch Stymphalius, -a, -urn: of Stymphalus, a territory in superciliurn, -i, n.: eyebrow taeter, -tra, -trurn: foul, vile, horrible speeula, -ae, f.: look-out point NE Arcadia, Greece superfluo, -fluere -fluxi: overflow; be or have more Tagus, -I, m: the Tagus (mod. Tajo) river, which specus, -Us, m: cave or grotto suãvior, -Un, -Utus: kiss than enough flows west through central Spain and empties spernO, spernere, sprëvt, sprêturn: scorn, spurn, suUvis, -e, comp. suävior, -ius: agreeable, pleasant supero, -Ure: surpass into the Atlantic near mod, Lisbon, Portugal reject suãvium, -ii, n., dim. suaviolum: kiss; the lips supersurn, -ease, -fui: be higher; remain, he left Talasius, -I, in.: a Roman marriage god (ef. Hy spërO, -are: hope, hope for; anticipate formed for kissing over menacus) spes, spel, f.: hope sub; prep. w/ace. or abl., under supervehO, -vehere, -vexi, -vectum: (pass., w/acc.) talcnturn, -1, n.: a weight of silver used as a Greek spinosus, -a, -urn: thorny, prickly subdUcO, -ducere, -duxi, -ductum: draw up, raise; carry or drive over unit of currency; a large sum of money splendeo, -ëre: shine, be bright, glitter reckon, calculate supinus, -a, -urn: lying on the back; facing upwards; ttilis, -e: such a, such splendidus, -a, -urn: brilliant, bright, glittering subeO, -ire, -tvi, -itum: go beneath flat; helpless talus, -I, in.: anklebone; ankle sponsus, -1, rn.: a lover who has promised marriage; subito: suddenly, at once, quickly suppernatus, -a, -urn (perna): having the leg cut tam: adv., to such a degree, so; tarn ... quam: as fiancé sublevo, -Ure: raise, lift from below; hamstrung; (transf.) felled much as spurna, -ae, f.: foam sublirnis, -e: high supplex, -piicis: making humble entreaty; suppliant tarnen: however, nevertheless spUrnO, -Ure: foam, froth subrtpO, -rëpere, -rëpsi, -rëptum: creep up to, steal supplicium, -i, n.: compensation offered to placate tamquam: conj., as; just as if (it were) spUmUsus, -a, -urn: foamy upon a person who has been wronged; reparation; tandem: adv., at last spurchtus, -a, -urn: morally contaminated, depraved subsellium, -1, n.: a courtroom bench punishment; suppiiciurn dare: to pay the pen tango, -crc, tetigi, tacturn: touch spurcus, -a, -urn: filthy, foul, disgusting substernO, -sternere, -strãvi, -strsitum: lay or alty, suffer punishment tantillum, -i, n.: so little, so small a qu:untity squalidus, -a, -urn: rough; filthy spread beneath; (of a woman) offer oneself suppono, pOnere, -posul, -positum: put beneath, tanturn, -i, n.: pron., such a quantity, so much; ace.

222 223 The Students Catullus The Catullan Vocabulaty

-ae, f.: pipe, flute tribuO, tribuere, tribui, tribUtum: apportion, grant as adv., to such a degree; only; tantum ... quantum: tergum, -1, n.: back; hide from an animal’s back tibia, re tibicen, -mis, in.: piper, a performer on the tibia trigintil: mdccl. numerical adj., thirty as much . as terO, terere, trivi, tritum: rub; tread, traverse tantundem: adv., just as much peatedly Tiburs, Tiburtis: of or belonging to Tibur (mod. Trinacria, -ae, f: Sicily, so-called because of its tantus, -a, -urn: so much, p1. so many; so great, terra, -ae, f.: earth; land Tivoli), about 18 miles ENE of Rome. triangular shape such terror, -Oris, m.: extreme fear tigillum, -1, n.: a small beam, e.g., the lintel or top tripudiurn, -i, n.: a ritual dance in three-step TappO, -Onis, rn.: poss, a clown figure in poem 104 tertius, -a, -urn: third of the doorframe tristis, -c: grim, fierce, gloomy; unhappy, sad tardg: adv., slowly testãtus, -a, -urn: well-attested; signed in the pres timed, -es-c, -ul: be afraid; w/dat., fear for Triton, -Onis, rn: Triton, a sea god; a river in tardipës, -pedis: slow-footed, lame ence of witnesses tirnor, -Os-is, rn.: fear, anxiety Boeotia sacred to Athena/Minerva tardO, -are: delay, slow testis, -is, m. or f.: witness Lingo, tingere, tinxi, tincturn: dip; dye tritus, -a, -urn: worn tardus, -a, -urn: slow, late, dull teta: empli. redupl. form of ace, or abl. 2nd pers. tinnitus, -Os, m.: a ringing or clanging sound Trivia, -ac, f.: epithet of Diana, the triple goddess taurinus, -a, -urn: of a bull pron., you tinnulus, -a, -urn: making a jingling sound; high- trIvium, -I, n.: meeting place of three roads; street taurus, -i, us.: a bull Téthys, Tthyos, f.: a sea-goddess, wife of Oceanus, pitched corner Taurus, -i, us.: a mountain range in the south of mother of Doris, grandmother of Thetis tintin(n)O, -are: make a ringing sound TrOia, -ae, f.: the city and territory of Troy Asia Minor, directly north of iprus Teucrus, -a, -urn: Teucrian, Trojan toflo, -crc, sustult, sublãtum: pick up, raise, take, Trolcus, -a, -urn: Trojan të: ace, or abl. sing. of 2nd personal pron, you texO, texere, texul, textum: weave carry off, steal Troiugena, -ae, m.: a Trojan-born man; Trojan tectum, -1, n,: roof; by meton., house textum, -1, n.: fabric; anything made of intercrossing tondeO, tondCre, totondi, tonsum: cut (hair), clip, TrOius, —a, —urn: Trojan truculentus, -a, -urn: ferocious; n. p1. as subst., técum: = curn te materials, such as the framing of a ship; frame trim, shear tegmen, -minis, i: covering work torOsus, -a, -urn: knotty, bulging, muscular, brawny ferocity tego, -crc, texT, tectum: cover thalamus, -1, m.: bedroom torpeO, -ere: be numb or paralyzed truncus, -i, rn: body, trunk, torso tëla, -ac, f.: cloth on the loom; spider’s web Thallus, -1, rn.: a praenomen in poem 25 torpor, -Os-is, rn: numbness, paralysis trOsO, -arc (iterat. of trudo): keep pushing or Tëleinachus, -1, m.: son of Odysseus (Ulysses) and Themis, -is, L: Greek goddess associated with Torquatus, -a, -urn: a Roman cognomen, e.g., of thrusting; w/dat., of sexual intercourse. Penelope justice the groom in poem 61 (see appendix A) trux, trucis: harsh, fierce, cruel, savage tellüs, -uris, f.: earth, ground Therrnopylae, -ãrum, f p1.: Gk. “Hot Gates,” the torqueO, torques-c, torsi, torturn: twist, whirl, spin in tO (emphatic forms: nom. tOte, ace. & abl. tCte): têlum, -1, n.: spear, shaft, weapon narrow passage between Mt. Oeta and the an eddy second person sing. pronoun, you temere: adv., recklessly; without good cause Malian Gulf, named after its hot springs, where torreO, torrëre, torrul, tostum: scorch, parch tueor, -Cmi, tutus: look at, view, observe Tempê, n. p1.: valley of the Peneus R. between Mt. the Spartans resisted the Persian invasion of torus, -I, in.: thong; bed Tullius, -a, -urn: Roman nornen gentile, e.g., of M. Olympus and Mt. Ossa, famous for its scenic 480 B.C. torvus, -a, -urn: grim, fierce, stern Tullius Cicero beauty Thëseus, -ci, rn, ace. Thësea, voc. Thaseu: son of tot: mdccl. adj., so many turn: adv., then, at that time; turn denique: then tempestas, -ãtis, f.: period, time, season; weather; Aegeus, seducer of Ariadne (later husband of totidern: mdcci. adj., the same number, as many only, not till then, in the last analysis storm her sister Phaedra), slayer of the Minotaur totiCns: so often turnidus, -a, -urn: swollen, bulging templum, -I, n.: a consecrated area; a ione, space, Thespius, -a, -urn: belonging to Thespiae, a Boe tOtus, -a, -urn: the whole, all turnulO, -arc: cover with a burial mound; busy region, or quarter otian town at the foot of Mt. Helicon trabs, -bis, f.: tree trunk, timber; (by meton.) boat; lund: adv., at that time tempto, -are: try Thessalia, -ae, f: Thessaly, region of Greece south penis, “shaft” tundO, -crc, tutudi, tunSurn: beat repeatedly, buffet, tempus’, -oris, n.: time of Macedonia associated with Peleus and his tradO, tradere, tradidi, tradituns: hand down, con pound tcmpus2, -Uris, n.: the side of the forehead, temple son Achilles sign, entrust, pass on tunica, -ac. f.: tunic, a standard garment worn by tenax, -ads: clinging, tenacious Thessalus, -a, -urn: Thessalian trans: prep. w/acc., across both sexes tenebrae, -Arurn, f. p1.: darkness; shade, shadow; Thetis, -idis, f,: the Nereid Thetis, wife of Peleus transeO, -ire, -lvi, -ftum: go across, pass on turbidus, -a, -urn: turbulent, stormy place of concealment and mother of Achilles transferO, -ferre, -lull, -Jaturn: transport; with two turbO, -mis, rn.: anything that spins; whirlwind, tenebricOsus, -a, -urn: shadowy, dark Thia, -ae, f.: wife of Hyperion and mother of aces., move across tornado; maelstrons; a weight used in spinning teneO, -ëre, -Ui, tentum: hold Flelios (the sun) Transpadanus, -a, -urn: from the region of north (see n. to 64.3 12-5) tener, -era, -erum, dim. teneflulus: soft, tender, thiasus, -I, m: an orgiastic dance; a group that per ern Italy north of the river Po (Padus) turgidulus, -a, -urn: dim. of tuigidus, swollen delicate; romantically tender (with ref. to love forms such dances trecenti, -ae, -a: three hundred turpiculus, -a, -urn: somewhat ugly or indecent poetry) Thrãcia, -ae, f.: Thrace, the land in southeastern trecenties: adv., three hundred times turpis, -e: disgusting, repulsive, shameful, indecent tentus, -a, -urn: taut; engorged, erect Europe north of the Hellespont tremebundus, -a, -urn: shaking, trembling turpiter: adv., in an unbecoming or disgraceful tenuis, -C: thin Thyias, -adis, f: a Bacehant or Maenad, orgiastic trernulus, -a, -urn: shaky, trembling; shaking (volun nianner tenus: prep. w/abl. or gen., up to, as far as worshiper of Bacehus/Dionysus tarily, as one dandling an infant) tussis, -is, f.: a cough tepefaciO, -ere, -fëci, -facturn: make warm Thnia, -ae, f: the country of the Thyni; Bithynia trepidO, -arc: panic; bustle, hurry; tremble with tOtamen, -mis, n.: means of protection; bulwark tepefacto, -are: to be in the habit of warming Thynus, -a, -urn: Bithynian excitement tüte: emphatic form of pron. tu tepidus, -a, -urn: warm ThyOnianus, -1, in.: an adherent of Bacehus trepidus, -a, -urn: fearful; shaking, trembling, tUtus, -a, -urn: safe; in tutu: safe and sound tepor, -Oris, m.: warmth thyrsus, -I, m.: a pole tipped with a pineeone, ivy, quivering tuus or tuos, -a, -urn: poss. adj., your required by teres, teretis: smooth; rounded or vine leaves, as carried by bacehants trCs, tria: num. adj., three tyrnpanurn or typanurn, -I, n. (as

224 225 The Catullan Vocabulasy The S1tdentt Catullus

veyed is restlessness rather than unsteadiness or ventus, -i, in.: wind meter): a small drum or tom-tom, usu. as used in unigena, -ac: born together with, twin; sharing a uncertainty.” —Fnrdyce on 64.271 Venus, -ens, f.: Venus or Aphrodite, goddess of the worship of Cybele or Bacchus single parentage; (as substantive) brother valdë: vigorously; strongly, greatly; very love and charm Tyrius, -a, -urn: of Tyre, Tyrian; crimson (from the ünus, -a, urn: adj., one, alone, only; any, an ordi valens, -entis: sturdy, robust, vigorous venustäs, venustfltis, f,: charm, grace, delightfulness purple dye produced at Tyre) - nary valeO, -ore, -ul, -ttum: have strength or health; be veisustus, -a, -urn, camp. vanustior, -ius, adv. yen Uber, uberis: abundant; fertile; rich Urania, -ac, f.: muse of astronomy, mother of effective; Vale!: farewell uste: lovely, attractive, charming; graceful, übertim: copiously Hymenaeus in poem 61 Valerius, -1, m.: nornen gentile of Gaius Valerius pretty, neat ubi: (final vowel long or short) adv. where urbãnus, -a, -urn: of the city, esp. Rome; having Catullus vCr, yCris, n.: spring ubicumque: (long or short 1) re adv., wherever city manners, urbane vallits, -is, f.: valley Verarnolus, -i, us.: dim, of 1/erunius ubinam: interr. adv., where in the world? just urbs, urbis, f: city; often used as synonym for vãnescO, -escere: vanish; become ineffectual Verlinius, -i, in.: friend of Catullus; see appendix A where? Rome vlinus, -a, -urn: lacking substance, empty; vain, verber, -ens, n.: p1., an instrument used for flog Odus, -a, -urn: wet urgcO, urgëre, ursi: put pressure on; oppress useless ging; blows, lashes ulciscor, ulcisci, ultus: take revenge on, punish Uril, -Orum, rn. p1.: Italian town associated with the vappa, -ae, f. or m.: flat wine; mase., a person who verbOsus, -a, -urn: full of words, long-winded, talk ullus, -a, -urn: any cult of Venus (see note on 36.12) has gone flat, a nerd or dud ative ulmus, -1, f: elm ürina, -ac, f.: urine vane: adv., in different ways, variously verbum, -I, n.: word ulna, -ac, f.: forearm, esp. the crook of the arm OrO, urere, ussi, ustum: burn; pass., burn with vaniO, -lire: adorn with contrasting colors; embroi vCrC: adv., truly ultirnus, -a, -urn: last, final, farthest anger or desire; keep alight der; mottle, bruise verCcundus, -a, -urn: scrupulous; modest, honor ultrtu adv., further urtica, -ac, f.: nettle vanius, -a, -urn: different, various; many-colored; able, restrained, seemly ultrO: adv., to a point farther off; of one’s own usquam: adv., anywhere dappled vereor, vcrCni, venitus: show respect for; fear accord, unasked usque: adv., all the way (to), continuously, con Vãrus, -I, rn.: friend of Catullus. See appendix A vCridicus, -a, -urn: truth telling ultus, -a, -urn: see uiciscor stantly; usque altera mile: still another thou vastO, -lire: make desolate; destroy, sack vernus, -a, -urn: of spritig, vernal ululãtus, -us, m,: ululation, a howling or wailing in sand; usque durn: until vastus, -a, -urn: desolate, uninhabited, featureless, vCrO: adv,, part., in troth, indeed which the tongue is moved rapidly up and down usquequlique: adv., everywhere; in every situation dreary, endless VerOna, -ae, f.: town in Gallia Transpadana, birth to form the sounds ustor, -Oris, m.: a person employed to burn dead Vatinilinus, -a, -urn: of or pertaining to Publius place of Catullus ululO, -are: make an ululating sound with the bodies Vatinius; see appendix A VCnOisensis, —C: belonging to, or native of, Verona; mouth and tongue ustulO, -lire: char, burn Vatinius, -a, -urn: name of a Roman gerry, and of Veronese Urnbcr, -bra, -brum: Umbrian, from the region of üsus, -Os, m.: use; habitual dealings between per Publius Vatinius; see appendix A verpa, -us, f.: penis with foreskin drawn back; erect Italy east of Etruria. sons; requirement, need -ye: end. conj., or penis umbilicus, -i, in.: navel; the ornamental end of the Ut, utt: adv., as, just as, like; when, where, how; vëcors, -cordis: demented verpus, -a, -urn: having the foreskin drawn hack cylinder on which a papyrus roll is wound cnnj. (in final clauses) so that, with the result vegetus, -a, -urn: vigorous, active, energetic; fresh verrO, verrere, versuns: sweep umbra, -ae, f.: shade, shadow that, that vehO, vehere, vexi, vecturn: convey, carry, transport versiculus, -i, us.: dim, of versus, light verse, a short Omidus, -a, -urn: damp uterque, utraque, utrurnque: indef. adj. & pron., vel: part., or; even line of verse, epigramrnatic verse ürnor, -Orb, us.: moisture each (of two) vellus, velleris, n.: fleece; a piece of wool versO, -lire: keep turning; pass. w/middle force, toss umquarn: adv., ever utinam: particle used to express a wish: would that, vClo, -lire: cover, clothe, veil and turn Onã: adv., together; at the same time how I wish that vëlum, -I, n.: sail versus, -us, us.: a line of verse; verse, poetry finanimus, -a, -urn: sharing a single attitude, like- Utor, OtT, Osus: dep. abl., use velut, veluti: adv., just as vertex, —icis, in.: whirlpool, whirlwind; iop of the minded utpote: part., as one might expect, as is natural yêrnens, -ntis: (

226 227 The Student’s Catullus

violence veternus, -1, in.: torpor, senility vts, vis, f: strength, force, veins, -ens, dim, vetulus, -a, -urn: old visU, -ere, vlsi: (freq. of video) go to see; look at, vexU, -fire: buffet, harry, ravage, afflict gaze at, view via, -ae, L: way, path, route vita, -ae, f: life; hyperb., as a term of endearment viUtor, -Uris, in.: traveler vitis, -is, f.: vine Vibennius, -i, in.: see appendix A vitO, -fire: avoid, evade vibrU, -fire: shake, brandish viLla, -ae, f.: headband vicis (gen.), f., ace. vicem: a recurring occasion for vivU, -ere, vlsi, victum: live action, turn; plight or situation vivus, -a, -urn: living, alive victirna, -ae, f.: a living sacrificial victim vix: adv., with difficulty; scarcely Victius, -a, -urn: Roman nomen gentile in poem 98 vocfltiU, -Onis, f.: invitation victor, -Uris, m.: winner, victor; cognomen in poem vocU, -fire: call, summon, invite 80 volfltilis, -e: able to fly victoria, -ae, f: victory volfltus, -Us, m.: flight viden: abbr. form of interrogative videsne? volitO, -fire: freq. of volo, fly about; move about videO, -ëre, vtdl, vtsum: see, perceive; pass. seem, rapidly; dart swiftly seem good or proper volU’, -are: fly viduus, -a, -urn: deprived of a husband or wife, voIU2, velle, volui: wish, be willing bereft, celibate; (of vines) unsupported by a tree volturius, -1, m.: vulture vigeo, -fire, -Ui: be vigorous and active, flourish voluntfis, -ails, f: will, wish vigescU, -escere: grow strong voluptfis, -tfltis, f: pleasure gentile; see vigilU, -fire: stay awake; be awake (following sleep); Volusius, -ia, -iurn: Roman nomen be on the alert appendix A vilica, -ae, f.: the wife of a farm manager volvO, volvere, volut, volUtum: cause to roll plow vilis, -e, comp. vilior, -ius: cheap; worthless, con vUmer, -ens, m.: a plowshare, the part of a temptible that cuts the furrow villa, -ae, L: dim. villula, -ac, f.; country house voragO, -mis, f.: a deep hole or watery chasm insatiable vinciU, -ire, vixi, vinctum: fasten, tie, bind vorax, -ads, comp. voracior: ravenous, vincO, vincere, vici, victurn: conquer, beat, defeat vorO, -fire: devour, eat up vinc(u)luns, -1, n.: bond, fetter; any fastening device vOs: 2nd pers. pl. pron., you vindex, vindicis, in: guarantor, defender, cham vOturn, -1, n.: vow, prayer pion; one who punishes a wrong or takes ven voveU, vovfire, vUvi, vOtum: promise, vow geance; adjectival in 64.192, avenging vox, vUcis, 1.: voice; word vines, -ae, f.: grapevines vulgus, -t, n.: (usu. pejorative) the general public, vinurn, -1, n.: wine the rabble, riffraff violO, -fire: violate, defile vulturius, -1, rn.: vulture face vir, yin, in.: man; husband; (poet.) manhood vultus, -Us, m.: countenance, title adopted by Arsinofl as vircO, -fire, -Ui: be verdant Zephynitis, -idis, f.: virgfitus, -a, -urn: made of twigs; wicker deified and worshiped at a temple on a prom virgineus, -a, -urn: of a virgin ontory named Zephyrium, east of Alexandria. virginitfis, -fliis, f.: virginity Zephyrus, -i, in.: the west wind (mod. virgo, -mis, f: maiden, virgin; the constellation Zmyrna, -ae, f.: Smyrna, city in Asia Minor C. Helvius Virgo Izmir); title of historical poem by virgulta, -Ovum, n. p1.: brushwood, undergrowth Cinna (see poem 95) belt; as worn vinidis, -e, superl. viridissimus: green zflna, -ac, f., dim. zonula: a girdle or loss of viridU, -fire: be green by unmarried girls, its removal signified virtfls, -tiltis, I.: manliness, manly excellence (cf. virginity Gk. aretfi)

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