AIR FORCE MAGAZINE INSIDE: Pacific Punch p. 24 | Goldfein on Multi-Domain Ops p. 30 | Arsenal of Advertisements p. 60

John Chapman

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2018 Medal of Honor For his heroism in Afghanistan, TSgt. Chapman was awarded the nation’s highest honor for valor in combat. WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM

October/November 2018 $8 ASC_Guide_1-Full-Page_ad.indd 1 8/27/2018 2:19:16 PM October / November 2018. Vol. 102, No. 10

FEATURES 34 STAFF

Publisher Larry O. Spencer Editor in Chief Adam J. Hebert

Managing Editor 38 Juliette Kelsey Chagnon Editorial Director John A. Tirpak News Editor 24 Amy McCullough Assistant Managing Editor Chequita Wood 24 Bombers Watching Over 38 The Siege of Kobani 68 The Chappie James Way Senior Designer the Pacific By Rebecca Grant By Peter Grier Dashton Parham By Brian W. Everstine The city seemed doomed Excellence, determination, Pentagon Editor Andersen AFB, Guam, is until airpower came to the and grit drove his historic rise Brian W. Everstine the focal point of USAF’s rescue. to the top of the US military. Senior Editor Continuous Bomber Presence 42 USAF Leadership 74 Into Son Tay Steve Hirsch and all that goes into By Chequita Wood By John T. Correll Digital Platforms Editor supporting it. An Air Force Magazine photo The rescue operation was Gideon Grudo 30 Goldfein’s Multi-Domain chart. almost perfect—but the Production Manager POWs were gone. Eric Chang Lee Vision 56 A Golden Age at Yokota By Amy McCullough By Brian W. Everstine 78 Back to Schweinfurt Photo Editor Future success requires quick The small base near Tokyo is By Barrett Tillman Mike Tsukamoto decisions and wide-ranging quickly evolving into a one- Eighth Air Force’s second action. of-a-kind hub for the Pacific Schweinfurt raid punctuated Contributors John T. Correll, Robert S. 34 Life in Typhoon Alley region. the grim period before long- Dudney, Rebecca Grant, Peter By Jennifer Hlad range fighter escorts assisted 60 Arsenal of Democracy Grier, Jennifer Hlad, Barrett The civil engineers and the bombers. By John A. Tirpak Tillman weathermen at Kadena AB, This month, as part of our Japan, are kept busy during centenary review, Air Force Okinawa’s storm season. ADVERTISING: Magazine looks back at a Arthur Bartholomew small sample of the many, 213.596.7239 many ads we’ve carried. Tom Buttrick 917.421.9051 DEPARTMENTS James G. Elliott Co., Inc. [email protected] 2 Editorial: John Chapman 10 Forward Deployed 22 Infographic and Inspiring Leadership By Jennifer Hlad 82 Wingman: AFA SUBSCRIBE By Adam J. Hebert 12 Aperture Nominees 2018-2019 John Chapman was there for & SAVE By John A. Tirpak Candidates for national o‘ ice his teammates, an example Subscribe to Air Force and Board of Directors that resonates in today’s Air 16 News From The Daily Magazine and save big o‘ the Force. Report: John Chapman, 86 Verbatim cover price, plus get a free MOH; Farnborough Air Show; membership to the Air Force 4 Letters 88 Namesakes: Goodfellow B-1 Crew Awarded DFCs; and Association. 5 Index to Advertisers more ... Call 1-800-727-3337

FOLLOW US GET THE ON THE COVER John Chapman, MOH recipient. In celebration of Air Force Magazine’s facebook.com/ twitter.com/ instagram.com/ 100th year, our cover airforcemag airforcemag airforcemag also features a vintage go.afa.org/DailyReportSubscription logo from 1964.

Air Force Magazine (ISSN 0730-6784) October/November 2018 (Vol. 101, No.10) is published monthly, except for two double issues in April/May and October/November, by the Air Force Association, 1501 Lee Highway, Arlington, VA 22209-1198. Phone (703) 247-5800. Periodical postage paid at Arlington, Va., and additional mailing oŒ ices. Membership Rate: $50 per year; $35 e-Membership; $125 for three-year membership. Subscription Rate: $50 per year; $29 per year additional for postage to foreign addresses (except Canada and Mexico, which are $10 per year additional). Regular issues $8 each. USAF Almanac issue $18 each. Change of address requires four weeks’ notice. Please include mailing label. POSTMASTER: Send changes of address to Air Force Association, 1501 Lee Highway, Arlington, VA 22209-1198. Publisher assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. Trademark registered by Air Force Association. Copyright 2018 by Air Force Association.

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  ★ AIRFORCEMAG.COM  Editorial By Adam J. Hebert, Editor in Chief John Chapman and Inspiring Leadership

Gen. David L. Goldfein, Air Force Chief of Sta, has a large framed picture of a sergeant on his Pentagon oice wall. It is, naturally, not just any sergeant. It is John Chapman, the combat controller killed in March 2002 while fighting entrenched al Qaeda terrorists high in the mountains of Afghanistan. Nearby, in Goldfein’s oice sitting area, a propeller blade is mounted on the wall. This is the propeller from the MQ-1 Predator aircraft that flew over Chapman, “in his last hours, while he was fighting the enemy,” Goldfein told Air Force Magazine in a recent interview. Video from this Predator captured Chapman’s extraordinary heroism, which eventually led to Chapman’s Air Force Cross being upgraded to a Medal of Honor—the nation’s highest award for valor in combat. The Predator, orbiting overhead, showed Chapman repeatedly attacking enemy positions. He was hit by enemy fire and presumably knocked unconscious. Later, when he recovered enough to resume fighting, he did exactly that—again attacking enemy positions at close range. “As he fought his way to his death on that mountaintop, he did so to protect his teammates,” Goldfein said. “He did that in as A still image from a grainy Predator video shows Chapman, circled in green, during the battle on a mountainside in Chapman was there for his Afghanistan, fighting for his life and the lives of his teammates. teammates, an example that resonates in today’s Air Force. The corollary is that abusive, toxic, autocratic leaders are not going to find success in today’s Air Force. “There was a period of time in our Air Force some years ago tough an environment as one could ever imagine, and he refused where the autocratic phone slammer [was] able to survive,” to stop until the very end.” Goldfein said. “My sense is that that kind of leadership will not “When we see these young airmen like John Chapman [exhibit] survive … anymore.” extraordinary courage under the worst conditions,” it is an At the end of the day, he said, oicers and NCOs are graded inspiration to all airmen, Goldfein said. on two things: character and competence. Many airmen honored Chapman’s example resonates in today’s Air Force, which has for valor in recent wars humbly say they were just doing their been at war nonstop since 1991. Even the terror attacks of 2001 jobs, and anyone in the same situation would have done the are now 17 years in the past. Some 96 percent of today’s Air Force same thing. The right leaders rally the troops behind them and joined after 9/11, which means “the vast majority of airmen … have create a culture in which airmen will eagerly go the extra mile never actually known a day of peace,” Goldfein observed. to ensure success, whatever the mission might be. “Probably the most important thing we can do to keep “When it comes down to it, you’re looking to your left and to people in the United States Air Force … is to put in inspirational your right and saying, ‘please God, don’t let me let my buddies commanders and leaders, both oicers and NCOs,” Goldfein down,’ ” Goldfein said. explained. The wrong leaders create hostile environments and Although “only” a tech sergeant, subsequently promoted to send airmen heading for the exits. master sergeant, Chapman led by example. He did not let his “Our airmen are far too smart to walk by or not see a say/ buddies down. do gap,” Goldfein said, referencing leaders who would tell their “We may look at what John did and say he is a hero, but then subordinates one thing but behave dierently. “If they see me we are not one of his team or the other teams that go in where saying one thing and doing another they’re going to see right angels wouldn’t tread,” Chapman’s father, Gene Chapman, wrote through it.” to his son’s squadron commander after his son was killed. The Air Force recognizes the importance of leadership by “John is proud to be part of you, and if you could ask him right example at all levels—from NCOs, to squadron commanders, now, he would tell you what he did was for his family, friends, to generals—and is working now to find and develop the 21st and the teams he worked with.” century leaders it needs. The Air Force is blessed to have airmen like Chapman, those USAF asks much of its airmen and families, so “this to me is willing to put others first regardless of the circumstances. May nothing short of a moral obligation, to make sure we put the best the Air Force continue to attract and develop America’s best,

leaders in place,” he said. men and women who will lead by example. J USAF Photo:

2 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM REDEFINING theTARGETING MISSION

With world class sensors and optics, FLIR redefines the targeting mission with the key laser designator components that a targeting mission demands. From grow- ing the crystals, to aligning the boresite, FLIR ensures that you are designating reliably and accurately at all times.

www.flir.com/surveillance

AF_Aug2018.indd 1 8/24/2018 9:19:16 AM Letters

Monetary Collusion President Trump blasted Amazon for today’s airmen don’t live in barracks Regarding your July issue’s “Verbatim: exploiting the US Postal Service’s low or require permission from their chain Revenge of the Nerds” [p. 60]: While mailing rates and not paying state and of command to leave the base any- 3,000 Google sta ers protest their em- local sales taxes. He condemned The more. Third, there is a huge di er - ployer’s involvement in a Pentagon Washington Post’s “biased” coverage ence between giving “an appearance [artificial intelligence] project, Amazon of his administration. Why doesn’t he of professionalism and discipline” and sta ers are silent about their company’s cancel the contract or ask tough ques- actually demonstrating those qualities. profitable collusion with US intelligence tions about it? For example: Why do Today’s airmen are a team of highly agencies. our intel agencies need Amazon’s cloud professional warriors, and a review of Amazon gets $600 million of taxpay- computer services? Do they deliver disciplinary actions taken against the er’s money for providing cloud com- packages instead of hell-fire missiles airmen of 1956 to 1962 compared to puter services to the entire federal to terrorists and other bad guys? Why those of recent years would likely show Intelligence Community. The 10-year didn’t competing bidder IBM get this quite a di erence in level of relative contract, awarded by the CIA in 2013, contract? It has cloud computer capa- discipline. Fourth, although some may puts all classified data from 17 US intel- bility, decades more experience in cyber prefer fashion over function, the airman ligence agencies on a cloud operated by technology, and reportedly submitted a battle uniform (and soon the operational Amazon Web Services. Classifications lower bid. IBM filed a protest over the camouflage pattern) was designed to range from sensitive to top secret. “This CIA’s contract award decision. best meet the needs of military mem- is a radical departure for the risk-averse Taxpayers must ask a larger question. bers in accomplishing their everyday Intelligence Community,” noted The At- Why does more than 50 percent of our missions. The military spent a great deal lantic magazine (July 2014). federal intelligence budget go to private of time, money, and e ort to determine Some serious security mistakes have contractors who place a higher priority the most appropriate utility uniform to occurred, which Amazon was seeking to on their bottom line than on the front get the job done. remedy, reported The Washington Post line of the war on terror and defense I have some suggestions for any- (Nov. 20, 2017). against major power competitors? Am- one who holds an opinion similar to Security risks aren’t the only prob- azon isn’t the only culprit. Consulting that of Mr. Endsley. If you’d like to see lem. Amazon CEO Je Bezos faces a firm Booz Allen Hamilton got an NSA military personnel in service dress huge conflict of interest. He owns The multimillion dollar contract while pay- uniforms, attend ceremonies at which Washington Post, which covers the ing a six-figure salary to high-school that uniform is generally worn (such as Intelligence Community, while Amazon dropout and traitor Edward Snowden. a commissioning, promotion, change gets a multimillion dollar payment from It’s time to tell these high-priced hired of command, wedding, funeral, gradu- US intelligence agencies. He may soon guns to take a hike. ation parade, or event at which civilian get a “$100-billion handout” from the Richard Reif counterparts wear an equivalent outfit). Pentagon, warns an outfit named Less Flushing, N.Y. If you believe the o icial guidance from Government in a recent full-page news- the Air Force should be changed, sub- paper ad. The DOD “is set to award a Represent! mit your specific recommendations to no-bid 10-year contract for all of its IT I thank Mr. Endsley for his service the uniform board that decides what im- infrastructure to administration enemy and respect his right to an opinion, but provements should be included in future Je Bezos’ Amazon.” Why should a high- (with all due respect) he seems to have versions of AFI 36-2903. I suspect (and tech tyrant who’s worth $120 billion failed to consider some relevant points hope) our military will never return to (Forbes) receive one dime of tax payer’s [“Letters: Walmart Isn’t a War Zone,” the days when looking “attractive” took dough? And why does our president August, p.4]. priority over being militarily competent, allow this insanity? First, the Active Duty Air Force had but if that is what you prefer as a citi - approximately 900,000 members during zen then contact your elected o icials WRITE TO US his period of service, which is nearly to encourage the tripling of current three times what it has today. This sharp manning levels across the board ... and Do you have a comment about a current decrease in personnel (combined with don’t forget to mention how incredibly article in the magazine? Write to “Letters,” an increased number of missions and eager you are to fund it with related tax Air Force Magazine, 1501 Lee Highway, widespread unit manning shortages) increases! Arlington, VA 22209-1198 or email us at mean there are fewer airmen doing far Jamey Haigh [email protected]. Letters should be concise more work, which leaves less time for Montgomery, Ala. and timely. We cannot acknowledge receipt “spit-shining” shoes. Second, the mili- of letters. We reserve the right to condense tary was still using conscription when About the Air Force adopting the letters. Letters without name and city/base he served, so many of those airmen Army’s operational camouflage pattern: and state are not acceptable. Photographs from yesteryear were compelled to What a waste of my taxes! I joined cannot be used or returned. do virtually whatever their higher-ups the Civil Air Patrol cadet program in —The Editors demanded for the privilege of leaving 1966. Within two years, all the patches the installation. The vast majority of and collar insignia I purchased were

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM deemed obsolete, and so began a in orbit and has not since the retirement cycle of constantly purchasing new of the space shuttle fleet in 2011. items. There was the change from Considering the fact that the Air Force silver chevrons and name tags on the is currently struggling to keep aircraft fatigue uniform in 1978. There were the flying that can only be described as “blueberry” airmen stripes in 1976 (who antiques, the nation can ill ašord the was the flaming genius who thought expense of creating another military of that?). Then it was BDUs in 1987. service with redundant and superfluous Before I retired in 1992, there was the function. Air Force Association change to the master sergeant stripes Another point to consider is the ef- 1501 Lee Highway • Arlington, VA 22209-1198 (“top three”, really?). For what? All fect of further militarizing space to this afa.org because some colonel or some chief extent. Should this questionable direc- Telephone: 703.247.5800 master sergeant with too much time on tive proceed, it would surely prompt Toll-free: 800.727.3337 their hands decided to make a change, our potential adversaries (Russia and Fax: 703.247.5853 which confirms my opinion there are no China) to proceed in a similar manner. improvements, only changes. None of Both those nations actually do have this had anything to do with winning the ability of placing manned space- AFA’s Mission Our mission is to promote a dominant wars, which should be the main con- craft in Earth orbit. We need only to United States Air Force and a strong look back on the results of the United sideration when any “improvement” is national defense and to honor airmen and contemplated. I enjoyed serving in the States pulling out of the Anti-Ballistic our Air Force heritage. Air Force; the uniform changes are one Missile (ABM) treaty with the Russians thing I don’t miss. and placing Patriot missile systems To accomplish this, we: MSgt. Michael R. Betzer, in Europe. This caused a respondent Educate USAF(Ret) withdrawal from the START II treaty ■ the public on the critical need Lancaster, Calif. followed by major nuclear and missile for unmatched aerospace power and a development by the Russians, including technically superior workforce to ensure North Korea Nukes addition of MIRVed [multiple inde - US national security. In the August 2018 editorial [“For pendently targetable re-entry vehicle] ■ Advocate for aerospace power Korea, the Hard Part Comes Next,” p. 2], warheads to their missiles. and STEM education. Mr. Hebert summarizes by normalizing If President Trump wants to increase the actions of this current president. our capacities in space, he should press ■ Support the Total Air Force family and Trump was not aware or did not care for increased funding for manned space- promote aerospace education. to understand that NK had no intention craft and heavy lift boosters, both civilian to denuclearize its country. Trump is and military. Unless he is aware of an Contacts known to discount and dismiss intelli- imminent invasion by extraterrestrial be- CyberPatriot .... [email protected] gence briefs. By “inverting the normal ings, his “directive” should be regarded Field Services ...... [email protected] diplomatic process,” Trump gave Kim by Congress as yet another occasion of Government Relations ...... [email protected] an equal footing internationally with his oš-the-cuš statements that are out Insurance ...... [email protected] the United States. This is something Membership...... [email protected] no other president fell victim to and INDEX TO ADVERTISERS News [email protected] was circumspect in avoiding. A “radical new approach” may be necessary, but Bradford ...... 85 Magazine within diplomatic circles only. Trump FLIR ...... 3 [email protected] is ignorant of how diplomacy should General Atomic...... 7 Editorial Oœices ...... [email protected] evolve. His tactics may work for his General Electric...... Cover IV Letters to Editor [email protected] base, but not on the international stage. Gulfstream ...... 49 Wingman ...... [email protected] Lt. Col Gerald P. Gilbert, Intelligense ...... 6 USAFR (Ret.) L3 ...... 9, 23 Change of Address/Email Diamondhead, Miss. Leonardo ...... 45 In an eœort to stay connected with AFA and your local chapter, please update your Lockheed Martin ...... 32-33 mailing and email addresses. Change of Forced Space MAG Aerospace ...... 53 address requires four weeks’ notice. I read your article in the August 2018 Marvin Test Solutions, Inc...... 47 issue regarding President Trump’s pon- Mercer ...... 55 To update your contact information: tifical directive for the creation of a Northrop Grumman ...... 11 ■ Email: [email protected] United States Space Force with distress PAE ...... 37 [“Making the Most of Military Space,” p. Parker Aerospace ...... 13 ■ Visit: The Members Only area 38]. I had heard about this pronounce- Pratt & Whitney ...... 21 of our website, afa.org Rockwell Collins ...... 15 ment in the news, but had not really tak- ■ Call: Our Membership Department Rolls Royce...... 29 en it seriously. I find this proposal totally at 1-800-727-3337 unrealistic and feel it makes no sense Sierra Nevada ...... Cover II, 51 either militarily or economically. This is USAA ...... 59 ■ Mail your magazine label, including your particularly true given the fact that the UTC ...... Cover III first and last name, to our Membership United States currently does not even AFA Aerospace Education ...... 87 Department at 1501 Lee Highway, have the capability of putting a person Wounded Airman Program ...... 87 Arlington, VA 22209-1198.

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM Letters of sync with the best advice of people tracks these airmen, Marines, soldiers, Can we have a Space Corps in three who actually know what they are doing. sailors, and government civilians and to five years? With our current president Congress and the Defense Department tags them as space professionals. Then and the right leadership, yes. should just ignore it! there is the technical training to use the Lt. Col. Janet Pattison, Frederic Albrecht, systems. The number of people required USAF (Ret.) US Navy (Ret.) to operate the systems is small, so it Lucedale, Miss. Rohnert Park, Calif. doesn’t fit the large pipeline models of military training. Obviously, all this Space Force talk has So the President of the United States Space acquisition and the space bud- not played out. One option I think to be directs the Pentagon to begin creation get needs to be di„erent. You cannot considered: Rename the “Air Force” to of a Space Force and it’s on p. 38 with spend 10 years building a system, not the “Aerospace Force.” Problem solved. no mention on the cover. It does not fully fund it, and then expect it to work USAF has had the aerospace mis- surprise me that Congress has the im- like it’s supposed to. Having shorter sion, for many years, thus, enter Space pression that the Air Force doesn’t pri- procurement times and fully funded Command. oritize Space. budgets brings systems online faster and This option would save the taxpayers Space is the high ground. In any battle capabilities to the warfighters faster as money and get the job done. the advantage is from the high ground. It well. It also keeps current space systems MSgt. Larry Breazeale, can also be it’s own battleground as well. working and operational. I’ve seen it and USAF (Ret.) The people that enter the Space Force— know it can work. Anaheim, Calif. or, I think it should be Space Corps—need The Space Corps will come from all of to know the di„erence and how to apply the services. Yes, the majority of space Getting Bearish space assets in battle. Having a Space assets and people are in USAF, but there Your article titled “Intercepting the Corps will gather experts in warfare with are many in the Navy, Marines, and in Bear” (April/May, p. 52) about Cold War experts in space assets, the technology. the Army and other agencies. There aerial engagements prompted a letter by Space training is unique. Space has are space professionals working in all Col. Richard Graham in the August issue it’s own history, its own pioneers, its own branches of the military. This Space reminding us of the role SR-71 Black- leaders across all of the services and in Corps may not start with new accessions, birds played in peripheral reconnaissance the scientific field. You don’t learn this in but come from all of the services. Like the around the USSR. Developed to replace basic training in any of the services. You Marines are under the Department of the the U-2 Dragon Lady for overflights of learn it later through space courses taken Navy, it can be kept under the current the USSR, it was never employed in throughout your career. The Air Force Department of the Air Force. that role. Meanwhile, the U-2 continues

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM MQ-9B

THE FUTURE OF PERSISTENT ATTACK & RECONNAISSANCE

• 40,000 hours design service life • 40+ hours endurance • Open architecture design for rapid integration of new payloads • All weather operations with lightning protection, de-ice and anti-ice • Dual redundant SATCOM data links • Short runway operations with direct lift spoilers • All airspace access with integrated Detect and Avoid suite • Nine hardpoints

ga-asi.com

©2018 GENERAL ATOMICS AERONAUTICAL SYSTEMS, INC. Leading The Situational Awareness Revolution

1808_GA-ASI_Air Force Magazine_(Aug).indd 1 8/22/2018 12:57:19 PM Letters its astounding service life that began Maxwell Taylor conspired to cover-up the E-6 has a massive trailing antenna it with the first operational mission over this incident, fearing JFK would cancel has to have out back to talk to the subs Eastern Europe in June 1956 by Carl U-2 missions! Most damning, the lead just like the the E-4, but it causes so Overstreet, a “sheep dipped” former author alleges that Major Anderson’s much drag that it flies above stall speed USAF pilot for the CIA. family was ordered to vacate base while it orbits. If all the equipment from The USAF U-2 operations began a housing at Laughlin almost immedi- the E-6 is loaded onto the KC-46 along year later with peripheral reconnais- ately after his death and states this with whatever is brought over from the sance missions flown by SAC’s 4080th was customary by the military as their E-4, with a full combat crew and fuel, SRW based at Laughlin AFB, Texas. For presence would lower morale! I would then have to orbit with that trailing an- six years overflights remained a CIA hope AFA would take issue with this tenna out, it is a very big possibility the responsibility but that would change assertion with the publisher. plane would stall and fall out of the sky, dramatically in mid-October 1962 when Col. H. Wayne Whitten, forcing the crew to cut the antenna and President John F. Kennedy (JFK) gave USMC (Ret.) make an emergency landing, or worse, the lead to the USAF at the start of the Lutz, Fla. killing the crew. Now the talk is trying to Cuban Missile Crisis. Maj. Steve Heyser combine the duties of the E-6 and E-4 brought back the first pictures con- I Like Ike, I’m Fond of John together into the same common KC-46 firming Soviet nuclear-tipped ballistic Reference the August 2018 “Eisen- derivative airframe, and for the Navy missiles were secretly emplaced in hower’s Farewell Warning” article in this would be a huge upgrade plane Cuba just 90 miles off Florida’s shores. Air Force Magazine [August, p. 56]. as they would have more floor space Heyser, Maj. Rudolph Anderson Jr., and I’ve been an admirer of President and be able to upgrade computers and nine others would fly near-daily mis- Dwight D. Eisenhower since I proudly operator stations with newer, better sions over Cuba from McCoy AFB in wore an “I Like Ike” button during the equipment. Orlando tracking the status of missile presidential election of 1952. I’m also But for the E-4 operators, this would sites under construction. Their efforts a long-time admirer of John T. Cor - be a downgrade, since the E-4 was were in direct support of JFK as he rell whose many articles in Air Force originally a combination of two di¨er- strategized how to resolve the crisis Magazine have inspired and educated ent planes, including “Looking Glass,” that threatened to turn the Cold War me for many years. As a reader of Air that had “Air Force One” capabilities red hot. They were joined by RF-101 Force Magazine and supporter of the essentially added among other things Voodos conducting low-level photo Air Force Association since my com- over the years making it a 4-in-1 plane. missions with then-Lt. Col. Carl Over- missioning, it is articles like this that So even though it is a large plane it has street returning to the fold and flying helps keep me close to the Air Force, an abundance of capabilities that would on the first day. even in retirement. be hard-pressed trying to squeeze The nuclear missile sites were de - Thanks for all that you do for air - into a 767 air frame after being in a 747 fended by 24 SA-2 Surface-to-Air power. airframe, let alone the shorter range of (SAM) sites, a proven threat to the Col. George M. Kobernus, the 767, too. There is a possibility that U-2s. On orders from Moscow the USAF (Ret.) if forced to leave the 747 in favor of the Soviet-manned air defense radars had Traverse City, Mich. 767 airframe, that many capabilities not been activated early on, but at the could be lost, in favor of saving money urging of Castro, they were brought to Four-in-One and having a common airframe that combat-ready status on the night of 26 This is in regard to “Is It Time to seems to benefit Boeing more than October. Late the following morning Get Serious About the E-4 NAOC and to actually address national defense Major Anderson’s U-2 was shotdown Missile Defense in Alaska?” [“From the needs. If USAF is smart, they will look by a SA-2 without the consent of USSR Daily Report,” July, p. 13]. at it from the E-4s’ point of view and just Chairman Khrushchev. Khrushchev Following the KC-X project for the last start looking at either the 777-200ER or and JFK realized events were spiraling 10 years, it has come up how Boeing 787-9 (even though the latter might be out of their control and just 24 hours has wanted to replace the vast majority expensive) to combine the capabilities later reached an agreement to end the of USAF planes with the 767 air frame with that of the E-6 and be able to crisis. Poshumously, Major Anderson, or a version of the KC-46 rather than drag those massive five-plus-mile-long the only casualty of the crisis, was from the RC-135s to the E-3s and the antennas and anything else needed to awarded the first Air Force Cross as E-4. From a business point of view this talk to the sub and land-based nuclear noted in the June almanac. would be a golden opportunity too missiles. After the capabilities of those We now know that due to an intelli - good to pass up and a great internal two planes are addressed and the ap- gence communications failure he was goal to work towards. And the last I saw propriate airframe is chosen, fulfilling tasked to fly over eight SAM sites with was that they were looking at trying to the C-32 roles will be easy. no means to warn him of impending combine the duties of the C-32A(VIP) & Chris Brown peril. Inexplicably, a newly released B(AFSOC), and the USN’s E-6 Mercury Charleston,S.C. book by New York Times bestselling into a common KC-46 derivative. For authors relates a discredited story the first two this seems like no problem Correction: “Tiny But Mighty Knob that another U-2 pilot had been fired at all, but the issue comes when trying Noster,” a letter published in September at by the same SAM site two days to make a version to replace the E-6. [“Letters,” September, p. 6], was written by before. They further speculate that Talking about it seems like a no-brainer, MSgt. Stephen J. Spear, USAF (Ret.), San Gen. Curtis LeMay and perhaps Gen. except when you look at the fact that Antonio. We regret the misattribution.

 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM BUILDING MULTI-DOMAIN BATTLE CAPABILITIES FOR THE WORLD’S PREMIER AIR FORCE.

Commitment: At the core of everything we do. L3 Technologies proudly supports the men and women of the U.S. Air Force, providing the technologies and solutions needed to operate as part of a joint and combined force. From manned ISR and sensors to secured communications and data links, L3 is committed to performance. We develop and deliver proven solutions and integrate future capabilities and systems across all operational environments and multiple domains. Our mission: supporting the world’s premier air force in keeping the U.S. and our allies safe — today, tomorrow and into the future.

Accelerating the pace of change. L3T.COM

Predator Image Courtesy of General Atomics Aeronautical Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Use of U.S. DoD visual information does not imply or constitute DoD endorsement. Forward Deployed By Jennifer Hlad

Airmen from the US Indo-Pacific Command and Thai SEAL team members stage for dive operations at Chiang Rai, Thailand.

THE AIRMEN AT THE THAI CAVE RESCUE underwater, Savage said. An Australian anesthesiologist and an Australian veterinarian were stationed with the team and coach in KADENA AB, Japan — what the team called “Chamber Nine,” to sedate each child before SSgt. James Brisbin was on vacation with his family in Kyoto, the dive began. Escort divers would guide each sedated boy through Japan, when he got the call on June 27. The search and rescue the nine chambers to the mouth of the cave, taking care not to let pararescueman with the 31st Rescue Squadron had already planned them collide with a rock or wall that could dislodge their face masks. to return home to Okinawa that afternoon, but when he arrived at Additional divers from Thailand, Europe, and the US were sta- Naha Airport, he was “scooped up curbside” and taken straight tioned throughout the cave’s other eight chambers. Brisbin, who to the Kadena flight line, where he walked onto the waiting C-130 was a cave-diving enthusiast before he joined the Air Force, and wearing board shorts, a T-shirt, and a few days’ stubble. USAF SSgt. John Merchand manned Sump 3, a semi-submerged Maj. Charlie Hodges, commander of the 320th Special Tactics hollow, narrow pathway—measuring about 20 feet wide and only Squadron, was sitting in the cockpit, because the normal passenger two or three feet high—helping to move the boys from Chamber area was too full for him to find a seat. Hodges, Brisbin, and about Three to Chamber Two. 30 other airmen knew they were headed to Thailand for a search Hodges, who served as the mission commander for the US and rescue eŠort involving a cave, flooding, and mountains, but rescue team, said it took the divers anywhere from three to four they didn’t know much else. hours to move a child from Chamber Nine to Chamber Three. It The team became part of the Thai-led multinational eŠort to res- could then take an additional hour or more to get to the mouth of cue 12 boys and their soccer coach, who had hiked into a labyrinthine the cave, where the children were sent to a field hospital and then cave system and were trapped inside when water flooded the caves. a waiting ambulance. At first, rescuers were not sure the boys and their coach were “Throughout this entire cave, from the mouth back to Chamber still alive, and they did not know exactly where they were. But after Nine where the kids are, there’s many, many sections, some of days of searching for alternate routes into the caves, two British which are fully submerged underwater, some of which are partially divers found the boys and their coach safe, deep inside the cave. submerged—so maybe you’re swimming or wading but your head Though some people had proposed taking food and water to is above water—and there are sections that are completely dry,” the team and letting them wait out the rainy season, others were Brisbin explained. concerned that oxygen would run out before they could make it The layout of the cave is “as if you create a tunnel through the out. They decided to use a plan created by the Thai military and rock that is traveling in random directions, and then you dump a the international team to dive into the cave and bring the boys out, bunch of boulders into that,” Brisbin continued. one by one. Divers had to climb and swim through the space between the The plan was not easy. Maj. Craig Savage, a spokesman for Air rocks, some of which were “the size of a human rib cage,” forcing Force Special Operations Command, said the dive operations carried them to take their dive gear oŠ to be able to squeeze through, he said. “significant risk and probable death,” but noted that the Thai govern- But despite the extreme diŠiculty of the mission and a number ment’s decision to approve the plan demonstrated its confidence of very close calls, the international team was able to rescue all 12 in the Thai Navy Seals and the international team of rescuers, as boys and their coach. well as the government’s commitment to rescue the boys and their “We absolutely took some risks,” Hodges said, noting that they coach. Unfortunately, former Thai Navy Seal diver, Saman Kunan thought it would turn out well but weren’t certain it would turn out died while volunteering with the rescue. as well as it did.

The boys had to be sedated to prevent them from panicking “My guys knocked it out of the park,” he said. J Capt.Photo: Jessica Tait

 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM

Aperture By John A. Tirpak, Editorial Director

ACQUISITION AT THE SPEED OF FEAR

The Pentagon and industry agree that a faster tempo of military prototyping and experimentation is key to getting ahead—and stay- ing ahead—of China, Russia, and other world competitors. The Air Force is on board, but it’ll take time and dedicated e‚ort to shake o‚ the risk aversion that has settled on the service in recent years. In an interview with Air Force Magazine, Gen. Ellen M. Pawlikowski, head of Air Force Materiel Command (and slated to retire after 40 year’s of commissioned service) expressed confidence that USAF will get there—that there are world-leading achievements ahead in hypersonics, directed energy, biology, materials science and artificial intelligence, to name a few—but overcoming the fear of failure won’t be a trivial task. “We are where we are in acquisition because this is what we asked for,” Pawlikowski said. “And we woke up and realized it was taking too long to get technology out there.” The culprit was a push in the last decade to closely tie research dollars to a predictable outcome or to answer a stated operational requirement; an approach that makes it easier to justify budgets but discourages the risk-taking necessary to achieve scientific breakthroughs. “Especially after sequestration, we have [a] structure—even out- side the acquisition community—that has driven us to scrutinizing every single dollar we spend and trying to justify that we absolutely have to spend it,” Pawlikowski said. She continued that USAF has “an appetite to ... put money into these experiments” without a certainty that “you’re really going to get anything out of it.” The services are being given new authorities to try new ap - proaches. However, “We can put all kinds of rules in place that will allow program managers to go fast and allow us to team up with the operators” on quick solutions to operational problems, “but our budgeting and programming system has not adjusted to that.” Until it does, the Air Force will struggle to accelerate its technological The Airborne Laser prototype at Andrews AFB, Md., in 2007. advance, she said. Pawlikowski considers the OA-X or “Light Attack Experiment”— two-year budget lag, “we’re going to need to have flexibility evaluating small armed turboprops to substitute for high-end combat to move dollars around in the year of execution,” she warned. jets in uncontested airspace—a success so far, but even with this If OA-X needs more money than planned, “I can’t really influ - high-profile venture, the money couldn’t keep up with the pace of ence that until I do an omnibus [reprogramming of funds] next the project. spring, right?” “First of all, there’s the automatic two-year lag” between getting a Speeding development requires “buy-in across the spectrum, “great idea” and creating a budget line for it, much less a “program to include the Congress, all the way through the Department of record,” Pawlikowski observed. of Defense, the Air Sta‚” and financial managers. The need is With the OA-X, “we were able to demonstrate we could use ... other to “have the flexibility within the dollars in a year to be able to transaction authorities,” she said. “I’m very proud of my test team, on make a decision and then in six months be on contract,” she how they were able to run fast but still put together a structured test said. “Because if you don’t, then no matter how fast I make the program that enabled us to collect data to help us make a decision.” acquisition process, if there’s no money to spend, we’re not That, she said, is “the key to an experiment, right? It’s not a demo, going to go fast.” it’s not a stunt.” The project was created in order “to learn from it.” Hampering the project is the fact that the requirements community can’t really make up its mind whether it actually wants the Light LESSONS OF ABL Attack asset, Pawlikowski said. It’s still struggling with, “how much ‘o‚ the shelf’ am I willing Is there a risk in “trying to do something too fast, too soon? to accept?” she noted. Ultimately, money was put into the Fiscal Oh yes,” Pawlikowski said, holding out the Airborne Laser (ABL) 2019 budget request to pursue OA-X. program, which she led for nearly five years, as the “poster Speed is going to require batting down the fear USAF will child for that.”

“spend money that we get nothing for.” Also, because of the For Pawlikowski, who holds advanced degrees in chemistry Everstine/Sta Brian Photo:

 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM Air Force Support Not just mission ready – mission worthy.

Photo courtesy of U.S. Air Force

Heroic performance in the air and on the bottom line – that’s partnering with Parker. Our performance-based logistics, technology upgrades, and reliability improvement programs renew fighters to master threats as efficiently as budgets. Call us at (949) 809-8100 or visit www.parker.com/CSO to learn more.

Visit us at the Air, Space & Cyber Conference, Booth 1215. ©2015 Parker Hannifin Corporation AFS-1-5 Aperture

An Embraer Super Tucano A-29, left, on the tarmac as a Beechcraft AT-6 taxis at Holloman AFB, N.M., during the Light Attack Experiment.

and has extensive program management experience, ABL was on those platforms I believe will be closer to ‘throwaway,’” she seemingly a perfect project to direct. An enormous flying chem - forecast. Keeping hardware in the system for decades “is killing istry set, ABL was a 747 crammed with the plumbing needed to us” in cost and manpower, she added. feed the enormous chemical-oxygen iodine laser (COIL). The idea was to shoot the laser at a ballistic missile in its boost phase from over 100 miles away, rupturing its casing so the missile would YEA THOUGH I PROTOTYPE… explode and fall back down on the country that launched it. The prime threat it was meant to counter was North Korea. Much has been made of the “Valley of Death,” wherein an When she took the program over she was told “all that was experiment is successful, but doesn’t make the transition to a left was the engineering of it.” ABL proved far more complex than program of record. that, and Pawlikowski agreed with the program’s termination, on Pawlikowski said operators will often react to a succesful the grounds that it was too expensive and cumbersome, even prototype by saying, “that’s not exactly what I want.” Then there’s though it worked. “It needed another cycle of tech maturity and “a change in leadership, and the technology sits … sometimes engineering, and nobody had the stomach to put another $3 to … for years or decades,” she explained. But “we never throw $4 billion into another single airplane,” she observed. anything away,” she insisted, and some things resurface later. Breakthroughs can’t be planned, she said. The only way to Some experiments also o–er technology that’s just too expensive, mitigate the risk, on any brand-new technology venture, “is not as with the ABL. to make it resource-constrained, and not to have ... set an ex - In the future, she predicted “we’re going to end up with smaller pectation that at a given point, you’re going to have something” fleets” of platforms in a multitude of configurations. Information operationally useful. will be the “coin of the realm,” and the emphasis will shift from USAF is also going to have to get comfortable with accelerated the platform to “what’s on the platform.” systems not having a fully developed logistics tail behind them, She thinks quantum computing and quantum sensors will be because developing those support systems takes time. “a huge enabler” for the Air Force of 20 years hence. Additive, or “More rapid fielding means we’re going to have to accept that 3-D printing, will also be “a huge game-changer,” because it will things are not going to be perfect, and we’re going to have less disrupt the concept of the supply chain. Biological science—and of a stable baseline,” she noted. here she specifically suggested machines that mimic nature, Pawlikowski thinks the future may be marked by buying new like insects, as well as adapting human beings themselves to systems in small numbers and discarding them when they get be better able to process information—will also be a leading hard to support, much as a cell phone user typically buys a new technology push for USAF. phone instead of trying to sustain one that’s 15 years old. Pawlikowski sees continual shift to robotics, autonomy, and With regard to the light attack aircraft, ideally she’d buy 20 a machine intelligence because the idea will be to “get our great year, “and when they reach the point where the parts … aren’t Americans further and further away from the pointy end of the available anymore,” she’d either retire them to the boneyard or sell spear.” them to an interested ally and “buy a new one.” Increasingly, the In sum, the Air Force she sees in 2030 is networked, where the e–ort to support aging airframes is “penny-wise, pound-foolish.” primary activity is moving information to where it’s needed, uses The future Air Force may also not align its program o–ices quantum sensing and communications; employs “disposable” under platforms like “fighters” or “bombers” but “align under a technology and machine intelligence, all to free up a smaller mission; ... a capability [rather than] under an individual platform, number of humans for only the tasks that absolutely demand

she predicted. “And when we do that ... those things that we put them. J BobbyPhoto: Jones/USAF

 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM Most CNS/ATM upgrades. Least risk. Rockwell Collins is your lowest-risk choice for FLIGHT2™ AVIONICS INTEGRATION C-130 CNS/ATM upgrades. Our Flight2™ CNS/ATM > Proven – Flight2 installed or on contract avionics feature advanced displays and an integrated on 190 C-130 aircraft worldwide military/civil flight management system. We’ve installed, or are on contract to install, on over 800 > Low risk – over 95 percent of program requirements common with existing solution military fixed-wing aircraft worldwide. All on schedule and on budget. > Reduced cost – accelerated Initial Operational Capability with in-house avionics and Access the global airspace with confidence. training development

Visit us at the AFA’s Air, Space & Cyber Conference, booth 809.

rockwellcollins.com/C-130upgrades

© 2018 Rockwell Collins. All rights reserved.

RC_C-130_CNS_ATM FP_Ad_8x10.indd 1 8/21/18 9:03 AM NEWS FROM THE DAILY REPORT

Air Force Magazine’s Daily Report brings you the latest USAF, airpower, and national security news from our award-winning writers and editors. Sign up to receive the free Daily Report email blast at airforcemag.com. JOHN CHAPMAN’S MEDAL OF HONOR

e Medal of Honor presentation was a long time coming for TSgt. John Chap- man’s family, and for the Air Force. President Donald J. Trump on Aug. 22 awarded the nation’s highest honor for valor in combat to Chapman, post- humously, in a crowded White House ceremony. It was the  rst Medal of Honor awarded to an airman for actions that took place since the Vietnam War, the  rst for a special tactics airman, and the 19th for the Air Force. e honor comes more than 16 years after the battle on the Afghan moun- taintop where Chapman fought, alone, until his last breath to save his team. It has been more than 30 months since an Air Force investigation determined exactly how valiantly Chapman fought. Trump presented the blue-ribbon medal, resting in a brown wooden box, John Chapman’s Medal of Honor was presented to his widow, Valerie Nessel, at to Chapman’s widow, Valerie Nessel, on the White House on Aug. 22. what would have been their 26th wed- ding anniversary. opened up on it with everything they for me.‘ But no, he was part of that team, “Our nation is rich with blessings, but had. he volunteered to go back up there,” our greatest blessings are the patriots like Machine gun  re erupted on the West said. John … who carry our freedom on their helicopter and RPGs destroyed the Air Force documents described their shoulders, march into the face of evil, aircraft’s hydraulic lines. e pilots decision to  y directly into sure enemy and  ght to their very last breath so that veered o course and tried to regain contact to retrieve a teammate, calling it we can live in freedom and safety and control. In the explosions and chaos of just one measure of Chapman’s heroism peace,” Trump said. the approach, one SEAL—Petty O cer that night. On March 4, 2002, the air atop the 1st Class Neil C. Roberts—was knocked e team piled into another Chinook 11,000-foot mountain of Takur Ghar out of the helicopter and fell to the and  ew back to retrieve Roberts. is was frigid, and snow was piling up to ground, surrounded by insurgents. time, the helicopter was able to land beyond knee-deep. It was the early Razor 3 crash-landed almost  ve and its back door slowly opened. In- days of the War in Afghanistan, and US miles from its original landing zone, surgents were  ring directly on them, special operators were deeply engaged which was teeming with al Qaeda. and two of Chapman’s teammates were in Operation Anaconda—an e ort to Roberts, the SEAL, was left behind, his immediately killed upon exiting the  nd and clear al Qaeda operatives in status unknown, and the team had a helicopter. the Shah-i-Kot Valley, in the east of decision to make. Chapman, according to a video feed the country. Chapman trained and fought hard from a circling MQ-1 Predator, stormed Chapman’s team piled in an MH- and lived for his teammates, said out and directly engaged an enemy ma- 47E Chinook, call sign Razor 3, which CMSgt. Michael West, Chapman’s best chine gun position—known as Bunker had its sights on Objective Ginger, friend and a former teammate. He 01. He burst into the enemy’s pillbox and a ridgeline on the mountain with a knew the risks. Given the chance to say killed the insurgents in close-quarters landing zone expected to be clear. At no and avoid danger, Chapman volun- combat. He then focused his  re on a about 4:27 a.m. local time, the lumber- teered to get back on the helicopter and second enemy position—Bunker 02— ing Chinook approached the landing  ght to retrieve Roberts. suppressing their  re and allowing his zone, and concealed al Qaeda  ghters “He could have said, ‘No, this isn’t team to advance.

 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  ★ AIRFORCEMAG.COM at’s when Chapman was shot the behind him. Chapman continued ring volunteered for the mission, where he rst of nine times. on the RPG team, limiting their eec- charged into re, seized the bunker, and SEALs, in cover nearby, could see tiveness and allowing the QRF to land. moved from cover to assault the machine Chapman’s gunsight coming out of the In this nal ght, an al Qaeda ghter shot gun. Second, with complete disregard bunker. It rose and fell with each breath Chapman in the back with a large-caliber for his own safety, Chapman exposed he took, slowing as time ticked by. Even- machine gun. himself to accurate machine gun re to tually, at about 4:42 a.m., the sight no Seventeen hours after the battle began, protect the quick-reaction force. longer moved. e SEAL team thought Chapman died on the mountaintop. For Chapman’s family and friends, Chapman had died in the bunker. e Because of the classication of the the fact that he would receive the SEALs kept taking re, and ultimately mission, the Air Force medal board at the nation’s highest honor for military moved down the mountain. e SEAL time was only able to focus on the initial selessness isn’t a big surprise—it’s team credited Chapman for saving their actions. In 2015, the Defense Department who he was. lives. directed each service to identify awards “His whole life, he was a Medal of “If John hadn’t engaged the rst enemy cases that could merit elevation, and Honor winner, because he always put position, it would have surely killed us all Chapman’s case was immediately picked. others before himself,” his mother before we reached cover,” one SEAL said New technology greatly improved the Terry Chapman said Aug. 22. in an after-action report. ability to track what happened on that When Chapman graduated high ( e initial version of his actions that mountaintop. school in his home town of Windsor night focused on everything that hap- Using pixel-tracking software, investi- Locks, Conn., he picked an anony- pened up until this point. An Air Force gators were able to identify Chapman as mous quote for his yearbook: “Give of board at the time reviewed the evidence a blurry mess of pixels and specically yourself before taking of others,” Terry and voted in favor of awarding Chapman track where he moved and how he fought. Chapman said. the Air Force Cross, though some added While viewing his action, “heroism jumps Chapman enlisted in the Air Force that his actions were deserving of a high- [out] at you,” and shows “the incredible two years out of high school. He had er honor. One board member wrote if sacrice” Chapman made, said a spe- an original plan to become a combat Chapman’s actions here did not merit the cial tactics ocer who was a part of the controller, but Terry talked him out of it Medal of Honor, “what would?”) investigation. because of the dangers, she said. After Minutes later, after Chapman’s team e team re-interviewed dozens of four years working in a computer job, had left, he came to and continued to people involved in the initial ght. ey focusing on satellite communications, ght, trading re with the enemy in Bun- reviewed the video feed from not only John told his mother he could not take ker 02 just meters away. the Predator, but also video and radio desk work anymore. He decided to A friendly team in another position trac from the AC-130s. ey reviewed cross-train into combat control. about three miles away heard fuzzy, Chapman’s autopsy, which showed that “He made it, and he loved it,” she interrupted radio calls and could make only two of Chapman’s nine total gunshot said. “He said, ‘ is is me.’ He was out an American voice saying Chapman’s wounds could have been fatal, and the good at it.” call sign—MAKO 30C. direction of the bullet proved he had to e award is “validation” for what “I distinctly heard MAKO 30C trans- have been shot in his back from a position John Chapman did on the mountain, mitting,” another combat controller on below him. All together, these sources said Valerie Nessel, his widow. While the mission said in an after-action report. told a story of an airman who survived “it doesn’t change anything,” it proves “ is occurred over a 40-min period. I to ght alone, and gave his life to protect how heroic he was. “He was there by am absolutely positive that [it] was John’s the team on the Chinook. himself, [and] he fought ‘til the end voice. I have no doubt whatsoever. is “In this nal act of supreme courage, protecting his teammates,” she said. is based on working with him for several John gave his life for his fellow warriors,” Chapman’s former squadron com- years at the same unit.” Trump said. “ rough his extraordinary mander, retired Col. Ken Rodriguez, Friendly forces and a translator could sacrice John helped save over 20 Amer- said Chapman knew the danger he was hear the al Qaeda ghters talking about ican service members.” in, but the mission, and his team’s lives, an American who was still ghting. e e review focused on one main nd- were more important. circling Predator and two AC-130 gun- ing: The Air Force Cross submission “John would never say ‘I knew for a ships could see infrared patches and glint was incomplete and didn’t account for fact I’d never get through this,’” Rodri- tape moving in the bunker. everything Chapman did that day. guez said. “John was very much, ‘I’d A quick-reaction force (QRF) jumped Chapman’s awards package rose do whatever I can to get through this.’ ” into another Chinook and was approach- through multiple levels, each requiring “But he knew in his heart of hearts, ing the ridge as Chapman was ring on additional review, and Defense Secre- I’m convinced,” Rodriguez continued. the insurgents. By now, the sun had risen. tary Jim Mattis eventually granted nal Chapman “knew what kind of danger Chapman, already wounded by several approval for the Medal of Honor. He sent he was exposing himself to, the enor- gunshots, emerged from the bunker and the package to the White House. mous risk he put himself in when he engaged an al Qaeda RPG team on a rid- In the nal approval, Mattis deter- struck out to defend that quick-reac- geline to his right. e al Qaeda ghters mined that two actions satised the Med- tion force helicopter and all the men

in Bunker 02 remained in their position al of Honor criteria: First, Chapman on board.” J SSgt.Photo: Frank Rusty

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM  News From The Daily Report FARNBOROUGH AIR SHOW

SOFTWARE, NETWORKING KEY FOCUS —Amy McCullough

F, Egland—

As the Air Force moves toward an even more connected force that utilizes open architecture systems, arti cial intelligence, and machine-to-machine learning, it must also change the way it ac- quires and develops those systems to ensure they are protected. “Cyber is something you worry about every day if you do ac- quisition because software is in nearly everything,” Will Roper, assistant secretary of the Air Force for acquisition, technology, and logistics, told reporters at the Farnborough International Air Show in July. “It’s embedded in things that 10 years ago did not have software.” Aircraft today have many touch points where malware can be introduced, from the diagnostic systems used by maintainers to the smart bombs hanging o the wings to the data links that Undersecretary of the Air Force Matthew Donovan (l) and USAF enable pilots to talk to each other in the air. assistant secretary for acquisition, technology, and logistics Will  at technology can also pose grave risks. Roper answer questions at the Farnborough Air Show. Roper said most of the conversations he’s had here at Farn- borough have centered around networking, saying DOD has a lot to learn from industry on how it can improve software At its chalet, Raytheon had a cyber dome. Once inside you development—one of his top priorities. were transported into an intricate, 3-D cyber world that took While industry regularly looks inside its software for things that the viewer inside the anatomy of a hack, providing a  rsthand are unusual or seem out of place, the Defense Department has look at what could happen if an aircraft, or military network, traditionally opted to build a perimeter to keep cyber attackers was attacked. out, assuming that anyone operating inside the network had “Everything is connected, everything is vulnerable,” cautioned already cleared security. one of the videos playing in the dome.  at’s why the company— “ at’s probably not the right way to build a cyber defense,” which is most known for its missiles—has made cybersecurity said Roper. He compared it to the many once-grand castles a “major focus” area. throughout Europe that were burned to the ground, noting “We deal with high-consequence mission operations and how the moat that had surrounded them proved to be a pretty everything that goes with that,” said Todd Probert, Raytheon’s poor defense. vice president of mission support modernization. Kevin Fahey, assistant secretary of defense for acquisition, Raytheon also has a 31,000-square-foot cyber center locat- told reporters those assessments will let DOD know where it ed in Northern Virginia, where it researches vulnerabilities should be spending money, though the work will never quite of platforms, systems, and software. Inside that center it also be complete. “It will be ongoing,” he said. conducts training exercises for “folks working inside” air oper- Fahey said there is a “concerted e ort” across the department ations centers, said Michael Daly, Raytheon’s chief technology to incorporate cybersecurity into acquisition programs from the o cer for cyber. very beginning. “We’re calling it, ‘delivered uncompromised,’ ” As Roper mentioned, many of Raytheon’s cybersecurity ca- he said. pabilities look inside the system and try to understand what’s Eric Chewning, deputy assistant secretary of defense, said normal and then  ag what is not. industry has requested—and DOD plans to provide—regular red Cybersecurity is “never done. It’s constantly changing,” said teaming exercises to ensure industry is included in the process Probert, who noted that Raytheon has “deployed numerous and there are no security gaps. systems … across all manners of aviation platforms.”

DOD, LOCKHEED REACH F 35 AGREEMENT

The Pentagon and Lockheed Martin announced they have though the company declined to provide a total price until reached a “handshake deal” on the next lot of F-35 strike the deal is finalized, Reuters reported it was worth about fighters, saying the agreement sets the stage for future cost $13 billion. savings through multiyear block buys. Greg Ulmer, Lockheed Martin’s vice president and general Speaking to reporters, officials said the unit price decreased manager for the F-35 program, said the Pentagon and Lock- “significantly” for all three variants of the strike fighter. Al- heed are “still working to definitize the agreement,” which

 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  ★ AIRFORCEMAG.COM News From The Daily Report

will cover 141 F-35s, including 50 A-variants for the Air Force. Lockheed, its industry partners, and the Defense Depart- “Lockheed Martin is on track to reduce the cost of an F-35A ment first rolled out its “Blueprint for Affordability” in 2014, to $80 million by 2020, at which point the F-35 will be equal with the overall goal of getting F-35 costs to fall more in line to or less than the cost of legacy fighters, while providing a with the cost of fourth generation fighters by 2020. Ulmer transformational leap in capability,” according to a company said the first iteration generated about $4 billion of savings statement. over the F-35’s life cycle, and there are “many hundreds of Production also continues to ramp up. In Lot 5, Lockheed projects in the works” today associated with Blueprint for delivered nine aircraft a year, compared to 66 last year. Ulmer Affordability 2. said it is “on track” to deliver the scheduled 91 F-35s this “We’re already forecasting greater than $2 billion of initial year, and by LRIP 14 [Low-Rate Initial Production Lot 14] savings,” he said. “I can’t tell you there will be a Blueprint that number will grow to 145 aircraft per year. Lockheed has for Affordability 3 yet, but we’re having discussions with our delivered a total of 309 aircraft to date, he added. customer about that, and that’s very much in our forefront.” BOEING RECAPTURES C17 TRAINER CONTRACT

Boeing has won back a lucrative contract to update the Air Force’s C-17 aircrew trainer and maintenance trailer systems, a program it had lost to L-3 Link Simulation and Training back in 2010. Ed Dolanski, president of US Government Services for Boeing Global Services, said the six-and-a-half year, $986 million contract to replace all of the Air Force’s C-17 trainers was a “very meaningful award.” Boeing has had a performance-based logistics contract to sustain USAF’s C-17 fleet for more than a decade. During that time, the company has “reduced support dollars for A C-17 takes o from a coalition airfield in Syria on June 26. aircraft by 40 percent while maintaining best in class mission capability of 81 percent or greater,” said Dolanski. In July 2017, Boeing reorganized its services division, adopt- Now, with the new trainer contract, Boeing can simulta- ing a matrix approach that brought military and commercial neously make modifications to both the airframe and the services together across four fundamental areas: parts supply trainer, ensuring USAF C-17 operators always have the most and supply chain; engineering modi cations; maintenance, up-to-date training available to them, he said. training, and professional services; and data analytics. “We paid really close attention to how we could bring “While we’ve maintained a consistent view to the custom- value to this one. We understand the airframe very, very er, with the solutions we bring to the table now, it’s very, well,” said Dolanski. “What changed this time, is this more very easy for me to bring commercial best practices,” said streamlined and agile approach to how we run services.” Dolanski.

GE TO OFFER TWO OPTIONS FOR B52 REENGINING GE Aviation plans to offer two engines in the Air Force’s to remove an engine because of deterioration,” said Joyce, B-52 re-engining program, which is finally gaining steam emphasizing the significant cost savings that come with a after decades of debate. commercially available motor “that’s demonstrated that Speaking to reporters, company CEO David L. Joyce said level of maintainability and reliability.” GE is confident the CF34-10 engine and the more advanced But the Passport, he says, could be equally attractive, Passport engine are both “good candidates” for the program. because it would decrease the fuel burn by double digits, Joyce said the Dash-10, which flies on the Embraer 190, creating a “whole different mission profile.” is proven technology, with 7,000 departures every day. It’s Tony Mathis, president and CEO of GE’s military sys- not only “incredibly reliable,” but also the “perfect thrust tems operation, said he was encouraged by discussions at size” for the B-52. However, if the service prioritizes fuel the December 2017 industry day, saying it appears the Air efficiency, Joyce said GE can offer the Passport, which will Force is trying to speed up the program through a rapid allow for about 14,000 hours time on wing. acquisition process. “This is one of my favorite stats. If they pick the Dash-10, The service’s Fiscal 2019 budget request includes $64.5 they get sustainability right now. That engine is performing million to begin the re-engining program. on wing with the Embraer 190, 20,000 hours … between Pratt & Whitney, Rolls Royce, Northrop Grumman, United overhauls. If you take the 20,000 hours time on wing and put Technologies Corp., and Safran USA, also have expressed

it on a B-52, the airplane might go 50 years without having interest in the program. Photos: McCullough/sta ; Amy Sullivan Izabella SrA.

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM  News From The Daily Report

Gen. Robin Rand, left, and the B-1 crew during their Distinguished Flying Cross presentation in July at Dyess AFB, Texas. A portrait of SSgt. James Grotjan at ■ B-1 Crew Awarded DFCs for Actions Following In-Flight Emergency his memorial service in early August. e B-1B crew in the May emergency incident made a split-second decision to stay together and try to land their hobbled aircraft, facing the possibility of spreading  re ■ Airman Dies in Inherent Re- or malfunctioning egress systems that could launch them out of the plane at any time, solve USAF Chief of Sta Gen. David L. Goldfein said in July. An airman deployed for Operation Air Force Global Strike Command boss Gen. Robin Rand awarded Distinguished Inherent Resolve died on July 12, report- Flying Crosses to Maj. Christopher Duhon, Capt. Matthew Sutton, 1st Lt. Joseph Welch, edly after being exposed to methane gas and 1st Lt. omas Ahearn on July 13 for their role in the May 1 incident. at Al Dhafra AB, UAE. e crew was on a routine mission when their Lancer displayed three  re warnings. SSgt. James T. Grotjan, 26, of Water- While they were able to extinguish two of the  res, one warning remained, and they ford, Conn., died at Landstuhl Regional decided to punch out. However, when one crew member pulled the handle to go, it Medical Center, Germany, after a “non- didn’t function, Goldfein told reporters. combat related incident” on July 8. He “ ey were on  re, it’s never a good thing to have a  re on an aircraft full of fuel,” he was assigned to the 4th Civil Engineer said, adding, “ at young man was sitting on a live ejection seat.” Squadron at Seymour-Johnson AFB, e crew then decided to remain with the plane and try to land. “You gotta think N.C. about what was in that crew’s mind, never knowing if a gust or something was going to According to a Facebook fund-raising  re them out of the aircraft,” Goldfein said. “ ey made the decision to stay together.” page, Grotjan was working in a manhole e crew was able to land at a local airport. e investigation found that a com- underground when he was exposed to a ponent of the egress system was “crimped,” and when the crew member pulled the methane gas leak. While trying to climb handle, the signal didn’t make it to the ejection seat. e B-1’s ejection systems have out, he became unconscious and fell. two separate ways to initiate ejection, so the Air Force allowed the Lancers to return to  ight after a short stand-down and is now going through technical change orders to ensure the systems are working properly, Goldfein said. The War on Terrorism US Central Command Opera- tions: Freedom’s Sentinel and In- ■ Pilot Awarded DFC herent Resolve Maj. Michael Tolzien, of the 8th Special Operations Wing, was awarded a Dis- Casualties tinguished Flying Cross with Valor in July for heroism as an aircraft commander in As of Aug. 22, a total of 54 Amer- Afghanistan in January 2016. icans had died in Operation Free- Tolzien, the chief of current operations for the 58th Operations Group, received an dom’s Sentinel in Afghanistan, and alert that a special operations ground team had come under heavy  re, was isolated 69 Americans had died in Operation from conventional support, and near being overrun by enemy forces. He immediately Inherent Resolve in Iraq and Syria. prepared his MC-130J Commando II with needed supplies and took o . e total includes 119 troops and e  ghting was so intense, the airdrop location was changed a number of times, four Department of Defense civil- increasing pressure on the crew to determine the right release point. Tolzien made ians. Of these deaths, 53 were killed the airdrop at critically slow airspeeds, just 800 feet above the ground. e aircraft was in action with the enemy while 70 hit multiple times but Tolzien’s actions provided needed ammunition and medical died in noncombat incidents. supplies within 50 meters of the special forces team, which prevented further loss of There have been 309 troops life and “directly contributed to a successful counterattack,” the Air Force said. wounded in action during OFS and Two airmen from Cannon AFB, N.M., had already been awarded DFCs for the 72 troops in OIR.

mission. Photos: Emily Copeland; SrA. SSgt. Crolley Brittain

 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  ★ AIRFORCEMAG.COM hlkagency.com St. Louis, MO63104 1141 South7 314.571.6300 TH St. MILITARY ENGINES FLY FURTHER AT taking theworld’s most advanced fi ghter enginetothenext level. as well aspower andthermalmanagementcapacity — our growth optionsare redefi ne what’s possible for ourcustomers. Withimproved fuelburnandthrust — Pratt &Whitney’s F135propulsion system for theF-35LightningIIcontinues to TOMORROW. FOR OPTIONS GROWTH TODAY. READINESS OPERATIONAL AVAILABLE. AFFORDABLE. ADAPTIVE. COLOR FORMAT: LANGUAGE: English NOTES: DATE: July13,20188:53AM CLIENT: Pratt&Whitney JOB NUMBER:19159 FILE NAME: PW_19159_Military_AirForce_Magazine_8.125x10.875

PW.UTC.COM CA AET ELW BLACK YELLOW MAGENTA CYAN BLEED: 8.375”x11.125” LIVE: 7”x10” TRIM: 8.125”x10.875” AirForce Magazine PUB(S): Infographic A1C Connor Lovan runs a postflight inspection on an F-16C at Sam Ratulangi International Airport CREW CHIEF in Indonesia. BY THE NUMBERS Around the world US Air Force aircraft are engaged in opera- tions vital to the nation and its allies. Yet without crew chiefs— professionals who maintain the combat, transport, and ISR airplanes—USAF would be grounded.

QUALIFICATIONS EDUCATION High school diploma, GED or GED Technical school at Sheppard AFB, with 15 college credits. Texas. USAF assigns aircraft to crew chief trainee. Length of basic and specialized training varies from AGE aircraft to aircraft.  to SHORTAGE TSgt. Ebensberger Photo: Richard Air Force Chief of Sta Gen.  to David L. Goldfein said “the lack of maintainers to keep planes flying has WEEKS also become a hinderance on the  service’s operations. YEAR SHORTAGE DEDICATED A dedicated crew chief is responsible for a particular aircraft and can paint their name , and SHORTAGE on the side of their aircraft. You must attain Sta Sergeant rank, have a commander’s recommendation, and complete  specialized training to become a dedicated  USAF crew chief. SSGT. SKILL TRAINING and and orYEARSLEVEL  .YEARS TRAINING Learn to become a USAF Airman at JB San Antonio Lackland, Texas. . WEEKS

 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM C-130H AVIONICS MODERNIZATION INCREMENT 2. TOMORROW’S SOLUTION IS FLYING FOR THE USAF TODAY.

L3’s solution for the C-130H Avionics Modernization Program Increment 2 combines the best of breed from certified avionics modernization products currently deployed in combat and under the harshest environmental conditions. Our state-of-the-art solution ensures CNS/ATM compliance and future worldwide airspace access for the next 30 years. In addition, it enhances aircraft availability and mission effectiveness by increasing reliability, performance and capability at an affordable price.

Accelerating the pace of change. L3T.COM BOMBERS WATCHING OVER THE PACIFIC Anderson AFB, Guam, is the focal point of USAF’s Continuous Bomber Presence and all that goes into supporting It. By Brian W. Everstine, Pentagon Editor

wenty-seven years after the “Continuous Bomber Presence” (CBP) allied aircraft, making visits to allied Cold War ended, US bomb- mission. Its focal point is Andersen countries and, as necessary, show- ers crisscross the Pacific al- AFB, Guam. ing off America’s “big stick” without most daily, making a show of Bombers staging out of Andersen subtlety. presence and strength that fly practice missions throughout the Bomber flights over the Korean Pen- can’t be ignored by Beijing, region. They hook up with tankers and insula and in the vicinity of China’s Pyongyang,T or Moscow. Beefy B-52s, exercise with American escort fighters artificial islands in the South China Sea slender B-1s, and stealthy B-2s rou- from the Air Force, Navy, and Marine have sent an unmistakable message tinely fulfill what the Air Force calls the Corps. They have joint missions with that the US is nearby, watching, and

 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM Airmen at Andersen AFB, Guam, ready a B-52 from Barksdale AFB, La., for a practice bombing run in June.

BOMBERS WATCHING OVER THE PACIFIC Anderson AFB, Guam, is the focal point of USAF’s Continuous Bomber ready to respond as necessary if con- as busy as ever, and new threats have ers regularly fly alongside Republic troversies erupt into armed conflict. emerged that require the mission to of Korea Air Force and Japan Air Self- Presence and all that goes into supporting It. Guam, with its roughly central-west- continue unabated. Defense Forces aircraft. They have also ern Pacific location—outside the range “What it does do, aside from build- made recent short-term deployments of most adversary aircraft and missiles ing readiness, is it assures partners and to Australia for joint training. —is considered an ideal chunk of US allies that we are in the Pacific AOR in “Building that partnership is pres- territory from which to mount the support of them,” Maj. Gen. Russell L. ence,” Mack said. “We’ve been doing bomber presence mission. Mack, deputy commander of Pacific it since 2004, we will continue to do it USAF began its constant presence Air Forces, told Air Force Magazine in for the foreseeable future.” of heavy bombers at Andersen in 2004, an interview at PACAF headquarters in The crews of these aircraft have seeking to assure allies in the region of Hawaii. “It’s hard to build partnerships earned some celebrity in the process. a strong US presence as North Korea if you are not there.” In April, two B-52s from the 20th Expe- continued its nuclear program. Now, Besides show-of-force flights over ditionary Bomb Squadron flew a train-

14 years later, the bomber presence is Korea and the South China Sea, bomb- ing flight from Guam to Diego Garcia in Everstine/sta Brian Photo:

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM  A skiff with six passengers, missing for six days in the Pacific Ocean, was located by B-52s operating out of Andersen in a real-world tasking using the bomber’s Sniper pod. the Indian Ocean, ying over the South gined aircraft have logged 119 years of man-made island-building campaign in China Sea along the way. Days after the strategic USAF service. the South China Sea as an example. e ight, the sortie made international “e region has evolved” since the new islands have been quickly convert- news and prompted a comment from CBP began, “but the mission has re- ed into air bases, sensor locations, and the Chinese Defense Ministry. mained constant,” said Prier. staging grounds for military equipment. “Everybody loves the B-52,” said Lt. When the B-52, the second of a two- The Chinese People’s Liberation Col. Jerred Prier, the director of op- ship ying with the code name Raider Army Air Force (PLAAF) has about erations for the 20th Expeditionary 22, ew close to the range, it released 120 H-6 Badger variants available, and Bomb Squadron. e aircraft “is one 18 GBU-50s. e bombs were made while most cannot be refueled midair, of the most recognizable airplanes in of concrete rather than explosive ll, the new island bases can extend their the world; it carries a lot of dierent and the release caused the aircraft to range far into the Pacic, according to a weapons types. Both partners and allies shudder and the cockpit to shake. e June Air Force brieng to congressional recognize it.” bomber’s Sniper targeting pod tracked members. On a recent mission, cruising at the direct hit, showing the impact on e PLAAF buildup, and specically about 19,000 feet and 150 miles north screens in the cockpit. the deployment of the aircraft, looks of Guam, a B-52 from Barksdale AFB, e practice run created new craters familiar to the Air Force. La., linked up with a KC-135 tanker en on the island, already heavily pock- “Is it surprising that they may be route to a bombing range at the tiny marked from CBP training. On the sec- copycatting us? No, not really,” Mack island of Farallon de Medinilla. The ond pass, the bomber’s massive internal said. “Because they’ve been watching bomber, named Ol’ Crow Express II, bay emptied its nine bombs and the des- us. I guess that could be considered a carried 27 inert GBU-50 bombs on its ignated target-points were destroyed. form of attery.” two wing pylons and in its capacious Russia, too, has stepped up its bomb- internal bay. After refueling, it made CHINA PLAYING COPYCAT er ights in the Pacic, primarily in the two passes over the simulated targets: While North Korea has been the form of making dry-run ights toward— a runway, fuel trucks, and ammunition principal intended recipient of the CBP and then paralleling—US and Canadian storage. “message,” the 2018 National Defense borders in the Arctic. e KC-135, tail No. 57-1419, was Strategy, released by the Pentagon in One of the CBP missions, and for deployed from the New Hampshire January, focused largely on “great power Pacific Air Forces writ large, is to pre- Air National Guard. Its distinction is competition” with China. at country serve rights to freedom of navigation that it is the oldest jet in the Air Force’s has become a “revisionist power,” said and over ight in the vicinity of the inventory. Together, the two four-en- the document, which oered China’s South China Sea, which China largely

 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM Two B-1s, deployed for the Continuous Bomber Presence, fly with a Japan Air Self-Defense Force F-2 over the South China Sea in 2017.

claims as territorial waters without le- B-52s got the chance to fly a mission The boat, which was described in the gal justi catioin. e CBP mission is to that isn’t typically in the repertoire of initial radio call from operations as ensure that access is “free and open to the Stratofortress: search and rescue. "like the one in Moana"—the Disney the global commons.” China’s rhetoric On June 25, the Coast Guard called animated movie—wasn’t metallic and and actions have complicated that en- the squadron's operations center with so it wouldn't reflect sunlight back into vironment. a real-world tasking—a small sailing the air or give much of a radar return. Mack, who was assigned to the Paci c skiff had been missing for six days When they arrived on scene, the for the third time, described this deploy- south of the island, and the Coast bombers switched to "best endurance" ment as more “robust” than his last tour Guard needed help. mode; a speed and altitude that would here, which ended in 2015. The only aircraft available and ready allow them to sip fuel and search as “(China) has expanded their capabil- were the two B-52s, call sign Raider, long as possible. They figured they ity, expanded their military, … they’re which had taken off with inert mu- had "about an hour of playtime," said expanding their horizons,” he said. nitions to train at an isolated island 1st Lt. Jordan Allen, a pilot on one of “ey’ve watched us for the past three north of Guam. The B-52s headed the aircraft. decades. … ey know how the US likes south, about 350 nautical miles from Capt. Sean Simpson, the aircraft to ght.” Guam and were tasked with checking commander of one of the jets, spotted a In turn, this requires a “challenge to two locations where the missing boat tiny white speck to his left. The bomber stay innovative,” he said. Bomber crews might be. flew closer, and other members of the interpret that challenge as meaning they "That's another advantage of the crew climbed up in the cockpit to try must train for a wide range of possibili- B-52, we have long legs and we carry to see the speck as well. The electronic ties. While the strike mission described a lot of fuel," Prier said. warfare officers trained the Sniper above focused on the relatively simple The bombers set up two tracks to fly pod on the location. The pod's grainy task of refueling and then hitting station- up and down the area, with a search monochrome footage showed the boat, ary targets, B-52 training in the Paci c grid of 230 nautical miles north to with the six lost sailors waving into needs to also include exercises such as south, 500 nautical miles east to west. the sky as if to say, "No kidding, help long-range ights, maritime surveil- The pilots searched with their eyes, us," Allen said. The bomber marked lance, ying in contested environments, while "offensive" and "defensive" the coordinates for the Coast Guard and maintaining nuclear pro ciency. airmen—the weapons systems and and stayed in the vicinity as long as “We have to be prepared for any electronic warfare officers, respective- possible before heading home. situation, any weapons employment,” ly—used the bomber's Sniper pod to Bomber crews searched the area for squadron ops director Prier said. search. The real-world tasking now just 45 minutes and located the sailors also had training value. less than four hours after the call. e A DIFFERENT TYPE OF MISSION The B-52s arrived at the first set of bomber's "long legs" and capable sensor In late June, as the 20th EBS de- coordinates, near a small chain of is- suite was able to nd the lost boat quick-

ployment was wrapping up, two of the lands, and initially didn't see anything. ly, but it was almost miraculous that the Photos: USAF; SSgt. Sanders Jackie

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM  crew, from 19,000 feet, spotted the 12- foot boat. ere were "pues"—small white clouds—everywhere, blocking the crew's view of the ocean. While the boat was spotted relatively quickly, it would take much longer for the sailors to be reached. The nearest ship was 74 miles away and didn't make contact until several hours later. The wayward sailors asked not to be rescued, instead asking for directions and additional supplies. They even- tually made landfall mid-morning on Tuesday. The mission, which forced the crews to immediately shift from direct at- tack to maritime surveillance without a filed instrument flight plan, was "seamless,” Prier said. The crews had been deployed since January, and this was effectively the "capstone" of the deployment. "It shows how far we've come and how well-trained we are to accomplish this mission," Prier said. B-52 crews train extensively to drop bombs and destroy an enemy effective- ly, so it was "nice to do something we The B-52 Ol’ Crow Express II on the line at Andersen before a training flight. On don't do a lot," Simpson said. "We're one recent sortie out of Guam, it was refueled by the oldest aircraft in USAF’s excited to help." J inventory, KC-135 tail No. 57-1419. Fueling the Fight

ANDERSEN AFB, GUAM — 506th Expeditionary Air Refueling Squadron, deployed from New Hampshire. The heat and salt air of Guam The flight line here has a long history with the B-52. demands that the aircraft be thoroughly washed about It was the staging area for hundreds of the big bombers every 30 days, to hold corrosion at bay. during many high-profile bombing campaigns in Vietnam, New Hampshire’s jet, 57-1419, still has a “pretty im- including Linebacker II. While it was originally built to pressive” mission capable rate, he said, though it doesn’t handle more than 200 bombers, it rarely hosts more than have the modernized avionics that the Block 45 vari- a dozen today. However, the base infrastructure still needs ant—deployed throughout much of the fleet—already to be ready for surge operations in a Pacific contingency. has installed. The base has capacity for 66 million gallons of fuel, In addition to topping off the B-52s, the recent deploy- mainly stored in 12 massive five million gallon tanks and ment has seen “coronet” missions, which include refueling four operating hydrant systems. The fuel comes through fighter jets deploying across the Pacific. For example, the Defense Logistics Agency pipelines, running from the tankers supported F-22s deploying to Kadena AB, Japan, as Navy post to the south to large storage tanks south of the well as the F-35s that filled in behind them when they left. flight line. Either 25 R11 tanker trucks or 15 hydrant ser- Perron himself said he first deployed to Guam in 2005 vicing vehicles take the fuel the rest of the way to spigots and has been here six times since. “Now we’re flying more strategically placed along the tarmac. missions and more of a variety of missions,” he said. The All that fuel gets the bombers into the air, but there are mission is “dynamic,” because sometimes tankers surge continuously deployed tankers flying regularly with the for large-scale exercises, such as Cope North at Guam, or bombers. They also service aircraft transiting through the fly support for high-profile missions, such as the B-52’s area of responsibility. deterrence flights through the region. In late June, the tanker force included refueling jets Supporting those missions make the airmen “proud, from the New Hampshire, Nebraska, and Alabama Air seeing how much people care about this,” said SrA. Clare National Guards, along with Active Duty aircraft from Handy, a maintainer with the 506th EARS, who was on MacDill AFB, Fla., and Reserve aircraft from Tinker AFB, Guam on her first deployment. Okla. The Guardsmen typically rotate through the base While the New Hampshire airmen are deploying with every 60 days, and fly often. the Air Force’s oldest, they could soon return with the Guam is “a harsh environment, bringing unique chal- Air Force’s newest. The unit will soon retire its KC-135s, lenges,” said Lt. Col Nelson Perron, commander of the swapping them in 2019 for next generation KC-46s. Photo: Brian Everstine/sta Everstine/sta Brian Photo:

 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM Forget cars – we make advanced jet engines for the US military. At our high-tech facilities in Indianapolis, Virginia and around the US, thousands of skilled Americans work every day to deliver the engines needed to power US military air crews to their missions – and back home safely. American-made jet engines, from Rolls-Royce North America. www.AmericanMadeJetEngines.com GOLDFEIN’S MULTI DOMAIN VISION Future success requires quick decisions and wide- ranging action.

By Amy McCullough wo years after Chief of Staff Gen. David L. Goldfein named it as one of his top three focus areas at AFA’s 2016 Air, Space & Cyber Conference, the ser- viceT has now matured its thinking on multi-domain operations, or MDO. Goldfein said in an August interview with Air Force Magazine that he is confident USAF is heading in the right SSgt. Carl Josephson (l) talks to USAF Chief of Sta Gen. David Goldfein (r) about direction when it comes to communi- his mission with the 16th Electronic Warfare Squadron at Eglin AFB, Fla. cating and fighting across air, sea, land, space, and cyberspace. there,” said Goldfein. He added, “Our vices can work together to improve Goldfein said when he first took the nation knows how to do that, but that multi-domain operations in a contest- helm as USAF’s top uniformed officer muscle has atrophied a bit. That’s why ed environment. he asked himself where the service you hear a lot of us talking about this A round of these talks, said Gold- “needed to be in 2030.” attribute of speed. It’s not only speed fein, concluded this year and now The Air Force, he determined, no in executing warfare. It’s speed in the services are moving forward with longer has the luxury of being able to how we’re preparing for warfare. It’s a series of exercises aimed at testing take its time developing new capabili- speed in how we acquire. It’s speed in out the theories discussed. The ques- ties. Peer adversaries have studied US changing our concept of operations. tion, said Goldfein, is “How do we military operations, are quickly im- It’s speed in terms of how we develop actually move forward with building proving their capabilities, and “contest the leaders of the future.” the resiliency we need to be able to our dominance in all domains.” USAF But future Air Force supremacy is operate?” Resiliency, he emphasized, must move fast to ensure it stays ahead not just about ensuring dominance in comes from leaders who “understand of these adversaries, and “if deterrence the air, space, and cyber domains men- mission command and can operate fails, we must be ready to win in a peer- tioned in USAF’s mission statement. without being ultraconnected, and in to-peer conflict,” he added. The US also must maintain dominance our systems to ensure that not only do To accomplish this, the service set on the land and sea, and each branch we have multiple pathways to be able out to better organize its squadrons of the military must be able to work to operate, but that we understand the and make them more lethal, develop together to make that happen. That’s operational picture in ways that our its leaders and give them the tools they what Brig. Gen. B. Chance Saltzman, adversaries just can’t.” need to successfully lead joint teams, the director of current operations and The Air Force and the Navy conduct- and to figure out how it can leverage the head of Goldfein’s multi-domain ed such an exercise earlier this year, technology and improve its force pre- command and control (MDC2) ini- during which the services connected sentation, enabling airmen to make tiative, has been working on, building systems that aren’t typically connect- quicker decisions while simultane- MDC2 to enable better multi-domain ed to see what would happen. “It was ously operating in multiple domains. operations. really successful,” said Goldfein. “I “Multi-domain operations is really “Our MDC2 structure directing op- think in terms of not only what we about thinking through how we pen- erations will be resilient and opera- were able to accomplish, perhaps more etrate, where we need to penetrate; tionally agile,” Goldfein added. importantly, [in] laying out the path how we protect what we need to pro- The Air Force has met with general for the future.” tect inside a contested space; how we officers from the Army, Navy, Marine USAF and Army leaders also met persist in that environment for the Corps, and US Special Operations on Aug. 6 to look at ways to better in- period of time that we have to remain Command to figure out how the ser- tegrate open architecture systems to

 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM bolster “speed, precision, and agility Saltzman acknowledged another on the battlefield,” according to an problem is the Air Force’s “tribal na- Army press release. The summit was ture,” in which airmen stick close- a “precursor to a sensor-to-shooter ly to their Air Force Specialty Code demo planned for spring 2019, which throughout their career to ensure they will prototype an open architecture, continue to be promotable. machine-to-machine capability to in- “In recognition of that, we decided tegrate targeting solutions generated we have to create a new tribe,” he said. from Air Force intelligence, surveil- That “tribe,” will be the new “13 Oscar” lance, and reconnaissance platforms career field. The idea is for airmen into Army long-range precision fires to spend the first half of their career to dramatically shorten the kill chain,” working in their “accession career states the release. field,” gaining expertise in their spe- That exercise will be a collaborative cialty area, whether it be flying fighters effort between the Air Force and Army or tankers, operating space assets, or Rapid Capabilities Offices. operating in cyberspace. Then at the “If you have those Air Force assets, USAF and Navy personnel train nine- to 12-year point, “a small por- how do you get that information to the together at JB Lewis-McChord, Wash. tion” of airmen will crossflow over to Army in a challenging environment the 13O career field, where they will to bring those fires to bear?” asked Lt. cluding some representatives from the spend the rest of their career doing Col. Rodrick Koch, program manager 505th CCW, at Lockheed’s innovation command and control work in places with the Air Force RCO, in the Army center in Suffolk, Va. such as air operations centers or at release. “How do we address threats in The exercise took Lockheed Martin Fort Meade, Md. denied environments? There is a lot of eight months to plan and cost the com- Goldfein said the service will or- opportunity here.” pany about $1.5 million. The goal was ganize, train, and equip its force in a Speaking to an Air Force Associa- not necessarily to “win” the exercise, way that sets it up for success leading tion Mitchell Institute crowd last year, but to test out a whole new concept of and executing future multi-domain Saltzman said in the future things like operations for planning and force pre- operations. USAF will train airmen to targeting cycles will require multi- sentation. Also being evaluated were think and fight through adversity even ple combatant commanders to work new tools under development by the when their capabilities are somehow together to determine what targets company and the Air Force Research degraded. Better Air Force MDO capa- should be placed on what list. “That’s Laboratory to allow the customer— bilities will undoubtedly preserve the not an inconsequential thing, when USAF—to more quickly and efficiently ability to hold enemies at risk even in you’re talking about a battle rhythm,” conduct operations across multiple evolving, unpredictable battlespaces. he said. Sometimes that “requires domains. The domains in this case Enemies have studied the way the US crossing 12 to 16 different time zones were air, space, and cyber, said Bryan goes to war and are pursuing anti-ac- to orchestrate.” Gates of Lockheed Martin, one of the cess and area-denial strategies to o set But in such an operation, what does coleaders of the exercise. American advantages. Goldfein asked, the command structure look like, and Representatives from AFRL and “How do we think our way through ... what are the general rules of engage- those planning the Doolittle exercise not having complete dominance over a ment? observed the Lockheed exercise, and particular area,” but retaining the ability To answer those questions, and the company plans to conduct a “road to perform “the military missions that many others, the service is establishing show” in the fall where it can share we’re required to accomplish? the “Doolittle Wargame series,” which lessons learned with others working Anti-access/area-denial strategies will be held annually. The first exer- on MDC2. tend “to give a visual that some country cise is slated for October at Maxwell “The next step in the evolution of can put a block of wood over the top AFB, Ala. The players will be a mix our Air Force is to unleash the poten- of it,” he noted, but successful multi- of subject-matter experts from the tial of [multi-domain Operations,”] doman capabilities will allow the Air 505th Command and Control Wing at Goldfein told Air Force Magazine. “Our Force to counter this. Hurlburt Field, Fla., which overseas foundation for conducting MDO is “I like to think of it more like Swiss initial qualification training for airmen fielding exceptionally well-trained, cheese. There are holes there, and assigned to the service’s Air Operations educated, and experienced airmen.” it’s our job to be able to understand Centers, as well as joint and coalition Moving forward, training and ed- what those are and exploit them,” said partners, and students from the Air ucation will be key, because USAF Goldfein. He added, “So it’s beyond the Command and Staff College and Air doesn’t currently have a process that business of just merely integrating. It’s Warfare College, said Saltzman. builds command and control experts, about actually being able to converge Industry also is taking it upon itself Saltzman has said. Today, roughly 86 capabilities in ways that today we to exercise concepts and technologies percent of airmen who are assigned to haven’t been able to put together in that can be utilized in multi-domain work in an air operations center only meaningful ways.” operations. Also in August, Lockheed do one AOC assignment, “never to Ultimately, Goldfein concluded that Martin hosted its fourth Multi-Domain return again,” he said. “It’s a very small these MDO improvments will come Command and Control exercise with percentage of people who do multiple together to ensure the Air Force is ready 14 Active Duty airmen from various tours in an AOC, which gives them the “to meet the challenges” laid out in the

air, space, and cyber backgrounds, in- chance to really get good at it.” National Defense Strategy. J Hospital Bremerton Stutz/Naval Douglas Photos: King Samuel Jr./USAF;

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM 

ADVERTISEMENT

Mission Ready: Keep ‘Em Flying

By Bruce Litchfield Vice President, Sustainment Operations Lockheed Martin Aeronautics

Before joining Lockheed Martin, I proudly wore the uniform of the U.S. Air Force for 34 years. As both a veteran and a Lockheed Martin employee, I’ve experienced firsthand how the work we do makes a difference to the warfighter. We have the ability to impact the readiness and relevancy of our fleets for decades to come.

At Lockheed Martin, we understand airpower is critical to our nation’s strength and to our allies who fly our unmatched aircraft with the world’s best capabilities and most advanced technology. Those in uniform are on mission 24/7, and their success depends on a fully sustained weapon system.

Our commitment extends beyond initial design and production. In sustainment, we work to keep the fleet flying for life. Lockheed Martin employees across the globe are dedicated to mission readiness – in fact, 60 percent of our sustainment employees in our Aeronautics business are veterans who continue to honor our nation’s commitments by helping keep aircraft flying.

Every airman, soldier, marine, sailor and coast guardsman who flies, maintains or sustains our products is our customer. Our success is determined by each and every sortie flown and every available aircraft that’s mission capable.

As a global leader in aerospace and defense, Lockheed Martin has the ability to set the bar for sustainment excellence through innovative solutions and emerging technologies. Our focus is on delivering the highest readiness rates possible while driving down sustainment costs to ensure our customers can operate today while modernizing their fleets for tomorrow.

Initiatives in predictive health and reliability, data analytics, velocity in supporting a global supply chain, depot repair partnerships and effective engineering support are just a few ways we are working to deliver more mission readiness.

On the F-35 program, with more than 300 aircraft operating today, we can now holistically analyze global fleet data to identify areas for investment that will drive aircraft availability up and reduce overall cost. With this insight, we are taking action across all phases of the program. We are pre- funding select spares buys in bulk ahead of contract award to significantly improve parts availability and achieve volume cost reductions. We are synchronizing production and sustainment component orders to achieve volume cost reductions. And we are focused on the development side on designing in enhanced reliability and maintainability into every single part and component.

Lockheed Martin’s motto is We Never Forget Who We’re Working For, and I’m proud to come to work every day knowing our products can save a life or make a difference in defense of our nation. Whether you’re maintaining aircraft out in the field, managing our supply chain or leveraging data analytics and other technology, together we all keep ‘em flying.

THE AIRPOWER OF TOMORROW, TODAY. AT LOCKHEED MARTIN, WE’RE ENGINEERING A BETTER TOMORROW.

© 2018 LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION

Live: H: 10 in W: 7in Trim: H: 10.875in W: 8.125in Job Number: FG17-22840_044 Bleed: .125in Designer: Sam Coplen Publication: AFA F-35 Gutter: None Communicator: Ryan Alford Visual: F-35A Resolution: 300 DPI Due Date: 8/17/18 Country: USA Density: 300 Color Space: CMYK A satellite image shows Typhoon Maria near Japan at its peak LIFE IN intensity. TYPHOON ALLEY

The civil engineers and weathermen at Kadena AB, Japan, are kept busy during Okinawa’s storm season.

By Jennifer Hlad

n Okinawa, the question is not and relax as a storm churns toward explained MSgt. Michael Rosales, flight whether a typhoon will hit. It’s the island. chief with the Kadena weather flight. a question of how big it will be The Department of Defense has The warm water and other favorable when it makes landfall. a Tropical Cyclone Conditions of conditions during the season mean But no matter what the answer Readiness (or TCCOR, pronounced that a storm in the vicinity of Okinawa to that question is, airmen with “tea core”) system to keep US service could form “at any moment’s notice,” Ithe 18th Wing at Kadena AB, Japan, members and their families updated Rosales added, and they “do take off will have done everything possible to about severe weather; the commander fast.” prepare. of the 18th Wing makes all decisions Once a storm has developed and is “The good thing about being at regarding TCCOR status for the entire within 300 miles of the island, Rosales Kadena and being in a tropical envi- island of Okinawa, using information said, the weather flight will keep a close ronment is we expect typhoons, right? provided by the Kadena weather flight. eye on it and give the wing commander So all of our structures are concrete The idea behind the system is to al- all the information he needs to deter- structures. So they’re 100 percent low for good preparation leading up to mine whether and when to change the ready for typhoons,” said SMSgt. Eric a storm and to allow for a quick recov- TCCOR condition. Davis, superintendent of heavy repair ery to full mission capability afterward, In the past year, the Air Force weath- for the 18th Civil Engineer Group, a 18th Wing Commander Brig. Gen. Case ermen have made a concerted effort to week after the island’s first typhoon Cunningham said in a written release. reach out to Marine Corps and Navy of the season. “They’re made to with- Okinawa stays in TCCOR 4 status— weather professionals on the island stand these types of winds,” he said. which means destructive winds of 50 and incorporate their information into Because the buildings are solid knots or greater are possible within 72 the forecast as well. This way, the air- concrete, there is “not really a con- hours—throughout typhoon season, men can give the wing commander cern with facilities blowing over,” and which runs from June 1 to Nov. 30. “one product that is the most accurate, there’s far less storm prep required “Seasonally in Okinawa, we stay reliable, credible source of information than for brick or wooden structures, in TCCOR 4 because we’re a little bit to make a good decision,” Rosales said. Davis explained. Still, that doesn’t further south, we’re out here in the Pa- “It’s not just about what happens mean the civil engineers can sit back cific further, we’re closer to the action,” here at Kadena,” he added. “What we’re

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM For the first time, all 18 F-15s from Kadena Air Base were evacuated to Yokota Air Base in Japan ahead of a typhoon threat.

“We have an A-to-Z checklist for each TCCOR,” Davis explained. Every building has a facility manager who makes sure everything’s sealed up, including computers, so that if there’s a leak, there won’t be an impact on the network, Davis said. They also sandbag windows and doors to keep rainwater from coming in, and aircraft are moved into hardened hangars. “Facility managers are kind of ex- tensions of our eyes and ears … [and] also play a huge role in the typhoon readiness process,” since the civil en- gineers can’t be in every building all the time, Davis said. Storms hit Okinawa pretty frequent- ly during the summer, but Lt. Col. Jason Somers, deputy commander of the 18th AMS maintainers at Kadena AB, Japan, prepare for Typhoon Maria by 18th Operations Group, said Kadena moving jets and equipment from the flight line. leadership is “rarely surprised by the weather” because of the 24/7 work saying here affects everybody.” tained or greater anticipated within of the Operational Support Squad- The goal is “not to change [the TC- 12 hours—the civil engineers have a ron’s Weather Flight, which dissemi- COR condition] unless we do have a checklist of things to do. One of the first nates observations, forecasts, weather storm formed that we’re tracking to tasks is making sure the sand piles at watches, and advisories for the airfield come close to and/or over the island Kadena are ready so people who live and surrounding area. of Okinawa,” Rosales added. “We don’t or work on base can fill their sandbags. When a serious storm is coming, really want to decrease in TCCOR for They also take down directional aircraft are either hangared for the no reason.” signs prior to a big storm, he said. duration or flown to different locations, Even before a change in TCCOR “So, those big signs that say BX Somers said. condition, the civil engineers start over there, commissary over here, we “High or excessive wind speeds preparations. remove those just to make sure there’s potentially damage cars, buildings, An hour after Davis spoke to Air not any flight hazard during typhoons,” windows, power lines, and even the Force Magazine, he attended a meeting Davis noted. most technologically advanced aircraft about the impact of Super Typhoon Civil engineers also move critical in the world. When the aircraft are Maria, which was not a direct hit but vehicles and water buffalos (large-ca- hangared to avoid storm damage, it still pounded Okinawa with 160 mph pacity water trailers) inside, so they is easy to conclude that no flying and winds and heavy rain in early July. won’t be damaged during the storm. therefore no flight training or opera- And as the TCCOR condition goes The equipment can then be used for tional missions are possible,” Somers from 4 to 1—winds of 50 knots sus- recovery operations, he said. explained.

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM Osakabe; Anazawa/USAF Naoto Meteorological Agency;Photos: Japan Yasuo After the storm has passed, that “ride out” team is the first to go outside and check the conditions for everyone else. Even with all the preparations, “there’s always going to be some kind of recovery,” Davis said. For example, Typhoon Prapiroon, which was a Category 1 typhoon when it passed by Kadena in early July, was not a very big storm, but it still downed tree branches, clogged the drainage system, and caused a few power out- ages in the munitions storage area, Davis noted. Super Typhoon Maria was a bigger threat. The Air Force evacuated 18 F-15 In preparation for Typhoon Maria, an F-15 is towed into a protective shelter to Eagles and eight F-22s from Okinawa prevent damage. to Yokota Air Base on mainland Japan in advance of Maria, which marked But for the aircraft that evacuate silver lining in even the most severe the first time all of Kadena’s F-15s elsewhere, there can actually be “new typhoon phenomena,” Sommers said. were moved to Yokota, according to opportunities,” he said. Members of the ops group look to the Air Force. “Evacuating aircraft are often “utilize every opportunity to improve The storm shifted and weakened available for operational or training themselves, their readiness, and their before passing Kadena, but the island missions where, under fair weather ability to accomplish the mission,” still felt periods of tropical-storm-force conditions, these Kadena aircraft are Somers said. While typhoons have an winds and a peak gust of 58 mph, The normally previously tasked and unable impact, they don’t exempt the airmen Weather Channel reported. to accept the mission,” he noted. from that challenge, so the Kadena Security forces and civil engineers When the planes are going to be community will attempt to maximize go out as soon as the TCCOR status is evacuated, other combatant com- training where they can. changed to 1-R (recovery), so security mands are informed and may request Once the storm is imminent, a team forces can open the gates, and civil Kadena aircraft to support other of 30 technicians from the civil engi- engineers can clear any hazards for missions outside the Pacific region, neer group takes their places in their mission-critical people to return to Somers explained. specific shops, connecting with the base. Once the wing commander gives Col. Scott Rowe, commander of the weather flight through a hotline forum the all clear, everything goes back to 18th Operations Group, “looks for the for continuous updates. normal—until the next storm. J

Civil Engineering: Where Salt is in the Air KADENA AIR BASE, JAPAN — ronment is there’s high humidity all the time. That tends to break down and corrode parts,” he explained. The airfield Though Okinawa’s location in “Typhoon Alley” may be weather sensors and their radars break down frequently. the most obvious difference between Kadena and other The buildings here are also older than at most USAF USAF bases, the storms aren’t the only challenge for civil bases, Davis said—an average of 41 years old, compared engineers. to the Air Force average of around 35. The island’s extreme humidity and high levels of salt “That’s why we have a robust preventative maintenance in the air can also be damaging. SMSgt. Eric Davis, heavy schedule, to make sure everything’s squared away,” he repair superintendent for the 18th Civil Engineer Group, said. “With any structure, especially if it’s 40, 45 years old, pointed out a hole in the concrete wall of the room where there’s going to be minor concerns. … Being in a corrosive the interview was taking place. But the facility managers environment, it kind of eats a little bit through the concrete and a robust maintenance team help combat those issues, and some of the structure as well.” as well as adverse effects from the storms. The civil engineers work with the facility managers to For any type of asset, the manufacturer provides a sug- stay on top of issues throughout the base, but also take gested preventative maintenance schedule, Davis said. steps like buying stainless steel equipment for the elec- For example, the manufacturer may suggest a particular trical grid, which lasts longer in the tropical environment type of maintenance yearly; however, on Okinawa, they’ll than the equipment they would normally buy in the US. do the maintenance two or three times a year, he said. And their work is not limited to Kadena, Davis said. The MSgt. Michael Rosales, chief of Kadena’s weather flight, 18th Wing is responsible for all US military family housing said the environment also takes a toll on the weather on the island, which means civil engineers respond to equipment. water breaks, power outages, and other issues at several “One of the challenges of living here in a tropical envi- other bases. Photo: Naoto Anazawa/USAF Naoto Photo:

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM Supporting the U.S. Air Force

since 1955

Aviation MX Support: Depth and breadth across fixed wing, rotary wing and UAS maintenance

Space Operations Support: Supporting the U.S. Air Force and NASA in the next steps for space exploration Base Operations Support: Sustaining DOD and DOS operations on all seven continents Test and Training Range: Supporting the DOD in equipment maintenance and training exercises since 1983 Emerging Capabilities for Our U.S. Air Force: Resolute Eagle Class 3 UAS, Smart Bases, Smart Sustainment, Predictive Maintenance A coalition air strike on an ISIS target in Kobani, Syria, also known as the “Kurdish Alamo” in October 2014.

THE SIEGE OF The city seemed doomed until airpower came to the rescue.

By Rebecca Grant KOBANIhen the so-called Islamic around a 1912 train station built as of the city of Kobani by Sept. 20. State set its sights on Ko- a stop on the Ottoman Empire’s Ber- Soon artillery fire was falling into the bani, Syria, in mid-Sep- lin-to-Baghdad railway. The city was city. Turkey counted 130,000 Syrian tember 2014—encircling home to Armenians and Kurds and Kurdish refugees streaming across the Kurdish fighters there— had a population of about 45,000 border four days later. then-SecretaryW of State John Ker- when Syria’s civil war began in 2011. Up to 4,000 ISIS fighters were ad- ry warned that the city couldn’t be In July 2012, Kurdish forces took vancing in parts of the city. Coun- saved. As Turkish tank crews watched over protection of the city of Kobani tering them was a determined force tensely from across the border, the and the district around it. of fighters, starting with groups of US Air Force and coalition airpow- Kobani held a strategic position on Syrian Kurds. They were soon joined er went into action, making supply the border with Turkey. From Kobani by Peshmerga, official Kurdish forces drops and hitting surrounding ISIS in the West, past Sinjar and toward of Iraq’s autonomous Kurdish region, forces with bombs dropped from B-1B Irbil in the East, lay a corridor of oil and numerous other groups. bombers. The 112-day siege proved pipelines and refineries. ISIS was tap- Kobani’s defenders were in trouble, to be the turning point in America’s ping the oil for more than $2 million though. ISIS took an important hill commitment to fighting in Syria, and a per day in revenue, the Pentagon said. from the YPG—Kurdish militia in battle lab for dynamic air and ground Control of Kobani would help solidify Syria—on Sept. 26. The momentum tactics. ISIS control of Syria’s oil fields. Lock- could overwhelm the city. Brazen ISIS Mosul, Iraq, fell to ISIS in June ing down that revenue was part of the forces behaved like an army moving 2014. Three months later, ISIS fighters goal for creating the ISIS caliphate. freely, out in the open on the roads were battling Iraqi forces less than 25 Under ISIS control, Kobani would and arid terrain. miles from Baghdad. US and coalition also be a haven for recruits going “As you know, this has been an airpower intervened, releasing 1,200 south to fight in Iraq. important week for the US and our weapons in strikes during August and It looked easy. On Sept. 16, ISIS coalition forces as we began air strikes September 2014. forces seized a key bridge over the in Syria,” Defense Secretary Chuck Kobani—also known as Ayn al-Ar- Euphrates. A drive with tanks and Hagel said Sept. 26. US and Arab ab—lay to the east of the Euphra- artillery captured small villages and allies carried out 43 air strikes into tes River. The town had grown up brought ISIS to within 10 kilometers Syria, he reported.

 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM The first US air strikes near Kobani Katherine Wilkens of the Carnegie began on Sept. 27. Air Force F-15Es Endowment for Peace called Kobani struck an ISIS command and control “A Kurdish Alamo.” center; a typical target for that phase “In a coalition where most of Wash- of the campaign. Also in action were ington’s regional partners are primar- aircraft from the carrier USS George ily focused on regime change in Syria, H. W. Bush. the jihadist attack on Kobani offers a For the next two weeks, coalition air test case of whether the United States strikes continued, but only in small can get its partners to temporarily doses. Coalition planners struggled to set aside their other priorities and pinpoint suitable targets and to work act effectively against the Islamic with Kobani’s defenders. By Sept. 30, State,” Wilkens wrote in an Oct. 10, the Pentagon reported 76 air strikes 2014, piece. in Syria, mostly near Kobani. NATO allies such as the Nether- Washington was in shock. The In- lands and Belgium were deploying telligence Community and Director of forces to join the coalition, and France National Intelligence James R. Clap- was already in the fight. For the time per “acknowledged that they underes- being, their parliaments had restrict- timated what had been taking place in ed air strikes to territory in Iraq only. Syria,” President Barack Obama told Ultimately, Bahrain, Britain, Jordan, “60 Minutes” on Sept. 30, 2014. Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE air Defending Kobani would take a forces participated alongside the US direct US commitment to defeating providing air support for Kobani. ISIS in Syria. While US and coalition Airpower was the main tool avail- THE SIEGE OF partners were pledged to chase ISIS able. “Just to remind, there’s not go- out of Iraq, Syrian policy was another ing to be a US ground combat role matter. Fighting for Kobani meant more here,” Rear Adm. John Kirby, Penta- intelligence, surveillance, and recon- gon spokesman, said on Oct. 10, 2014. naissance, more air strikes, and forging “I’m putting that out very clearly.” a relationship with groups of Syrian As for airpower, some doubted Kurds as new partners on the ground. its effectiveness, given the slipping “You can’t defend Kobani, Bagh- situation. dad, Mosul, Erbil, and Sinjar,” as well “I don’t know what’s going to hap- as conduct strikes “against the Islamic pen because, again, in the absence of State in places such as Raqqa, with a any ground force there, it is going to limited number of ISR orbits to col- be difficult just through airpower to KOBANI lect necessary intelligence,” a senior prevent ISIS from potentially taking Pentagon official told Kate Brannen over the town,” then-Deputy National of Foreign Policy on Oct. 7. Security Advisor Tony Blinken told NBC News on Oct. 13. NO CAN DO? Although the coalition apportioned MORE THAN A DRIZZLE air strikes to the beleaguered town, Air strikes were, however, definitely pessimism prevailed. having an effect. The attacks quickly A total of 135 air strikes had been constricted the mobility of ISIS forces. carried out on Kobani targets by Oct. As part of Operation Inherent Resolve, “Before the air strikes happened, they 9. “The US has now struck Kobani the images above show a US air pretty much had free rein,” admitted more than any other target except strike against an ISIS vehicle-borne Kirby. “They don’t have that free rein the Mosul dam,” Jim Sciutto of CNN improvised explosive device (VBIED) anymore, because they know we’re tweeted on Oct. 9, 2014. in Syria. watching from the air.” Still, Washington wavered. The ISIS forces got better at conceal- Obama administration had commit- in Kobani but throughout Syria and ment, according to Kirby. ted publicly and at the United Nations into Iraq,” Kerry added. Two types of air strikes were under- to pursuing ISIS through Iraq. What “No Can Do” screamed Time mag- way. First was dynamic targeting of about Syria? azine’s headline on the prospects of what Kirby called “mobile assets on “As horrific as it is to watch in real saving Kobani. the ground.” These included tanks, time what is happening in Kobani ... “The US has been restricted in its command posts, even trucks used in you have to step back and understand ability to battle ISIS for two reasons: the oil smuggling. Deliberate, pre- the strategic objective,” Kerry said at a it waited for months before taking planned targeting also went against news conference in Washington with action, and then—per Obama’s or- “fixed targets, a headquarters build- Philip Hammond, Britain’s foreign ders—it decided not to commit any ing, command and control nodes, a secretary. US ground troops to the fight,” Mark finance center, oil refineries.” The idea “We are trying to deprive ISIS of the Thompson wrote in Time on Oct. 9, was to prevent ISIS from consolidat- overall ability to wage [war], not just 2014. ing its gains. Photos: Scott Bobb/Voice of CENTCOM America; video Photos: Scott Bobb/Voice

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM However, a sprinkling of strikes wasn’t going to be enough. ISIS forc- es and tanks advanced closer to the center of Kobani on Oct. 10. A spasm of suicide vehicle bombings followed as ISIS fighters tried to dislodge Kurd- ish strongpoints. Both sides were now determined to prevail. Saudi Arabia joined US fighters and bombers striking ISIS targets south- west of Kobani on Oct. 13. “Rather than the bombing prompt- ing a tactical retreat” by ISIS units, “they appear to have doubled down in their quest for Kobani,” observed Derek Flood, a journalist who was in Turkey on Oct. 15, 2014. As American air strikes rapidly increased in and around Kobani, ISIS ghters “ushered in reinforcements from their reservoir of recruits in al- Raqqa and Aleppo, and ramped up their employment of vehicle-borne suicide bombers,” Flood wrote in the CTC Sen- tinal, West Point’s counterterrorism journal, in November 2014. For ISIS, too, this was chosen ground. It clearly mattered to ISIS, Kirby said, “because they kept pre- senting themselves there and pre- A B-1B over Syria. B-1s conducted air strikes against ISIS targets, dropping 1,700 senting targets.” guided weapons on Kobani during the seige. In fact, the air strikes put Kobani in the global spotlight. For the US and HOPE FROM ABOVE Kurdish groups were securing their coalition partners, Kobani was on the From a strategic perspective, there foothold in Kobani. verge of becoming a major failure. was hope. ISIS controlled about 60 percent Across the border, Turkish tanks “For its campaign against Kobane, of Kobani as of Nov. 5, 2014. It would lined up to keep a wary watch. Turk- [ISIS] has converged en masse for prove to be their high-water mark. ish civilians could see the fighting in a conventional attack upon a fixed The decision to assist Kobani Kobani from the town of Suruc on geographic point,” observed Jill Sar- marked a change in the US strategy their side of the border. gent Russell of Kings College London. in Syria. Now the US had to “deliver on ISIS fighters took over checkpoints, While ISIS “might momentarily hold helping develop a trained, moderate a key hill, and drove Kurds out of a an advantage against any concerted opposition in Syria that has the req- school building. defense with effective fire support, uisite leadership and military skills to With Kobani nearly defeated, they are weak and soft targets,” she actually go ahead and defend territory Washington made its move. NATO pointed out in an Oct. 20, 2014, com- inside Syria,” as Kirby explained at ally Turkey had entered the anti-ISIS ment to Britain’s Daily Telegraph. the Pentagon. coaltion on Oct. 2. Now Turkey agreed “Suddenly, the fight for this lit- What followed was two months to allow resupply to the Kurds to sus- tle-known town took on vast symbolic of street-by-street fighting. For US tain the fight in Kobani. significance,” wrote Fred Kaplan in airpower, the problem was that ISIS Washington placed its bet on air- Slate on Oct. 31, 2014. “And if ISIS fighters had wrapped themselves power. was telling the world that Kobani was around the city and what was left of On Oct. 20, three USAF C-130s a decisive battle along the path to the its civilian population. conducted multiple airdrops to re- Islamic State’s victory, then Obama— It was up to a combination of ISR supply Kurdish forces, defending the who’d put American resources and and battlefield input from the Kurds to city. In the airdrops were 24 tons of credibility on the line—had little outline areas for strikes. As the force small arms and ammunition. The choice but to treat it as a decisive on the ground improved tactically, so airdrops also included 10 tons of med- battle as well,” Kaplan assessed. did its use of airpower. Open supply ical supplies. Kurdish authorities in By early November, ISIS was failing lines from Turkey also had a signifi- Iraq provided the supplies, according to gain new ground. Four attempts to cant effect. to Central Command. As the oper- take a border crossing with Turkey US and coalition aircraft striking tion progressed, Operation Inherent had failed. Kobani faced a long flight from de- Resolve would log over 1.4 million ISIS called for reinforcements. So ployed bases. They also had to fly past pounds of supplies airdropped from did the Kurdish fighters. Backed by Syria’s air defenses. Syria’s integrated August to December of 2014. steady US and coalition airpower, the air defense system usually looked

 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM westward, toward Israel, and coalition In Kobani, “It was just go. Blow ev- VICTORY aircraft operated in the East. Yet the erything up,” Lord said. On Jan. 19, 2015, Kurdish YPG ght- threats were real. “It was an urban environment, so ers retook Mistanour Hill. Kobani was American F-22s in-theater helped it was a lot of buildings,” Maj. Charles declared fully liberated about a week quarterback the strike packages. Air- Kilchrist told the website. later. craft such as B-1 bombers, F-15E and “We had jets there every single day e “air strikes helped a lot. It helped F-16 fighters, and others carried elec- for 24 hours a day. Along with the F-15E when we had a reliable partner on the tronic warfare systems able to process Strike Eagles,” he said. ground in there who could help us ne- and jam signals. The B-1s were espe- An F-16 pilot described her missions tune those strikes,” Kirby told reporters cially good at dealing with electronic over Kobani. Especially after night sorties, at the Pentagon on Jan. 27. threats. dawn would break over the deserted Kobani was a signicant defeat for Dynamic targeting was sharpened town. It looked “like a moonscape,” she ISIS. It lost personnel, territory, and during the siege of Kobani. Joint Tac- said. its command and control safe haven. tical Air Controllers rarely deployed One ongoing concern was interfer- e ISIS plan to mass and exert military with the Kurds. Instead, they employed ence from Syria’s Air Force. is F-16 force over the city fell apart. ISR to watch the fight. As targets de- pilot appreciated how F-22s often just CNN reported ISIS ghters with- veloped, JTACS did collateral damage took care of air superiority and let the drew from Kobani because “we no estimates and forwarded targeting. F-16s concentrate on air-to-ground longer had places to hold there,” an Sometimes cell phones were part of work. ISIS ghter said. “We were inside Ayn the process. Maintaining air patrols over Kobani al-Arab and we occupied more than 70 Lt. Gen. John W. Hesterman III, meant six or more hours on station. De- percent, but the air strikes did not leave then-commander of US Air Forces pending on what happened, ghters were any building standing, they destroyed Central Command, explained that often rerouted back into Iraq to refuel. everything.” e targets even included the vast majority of dynamic targeting e F-15s and B-1s would tag each motorcycles, he added. strikes were “well away from friendly other, handing o targeting coordinates Also in late January, Hagel an- troops in contact. And we use a mul- as they rotated in and out for the days- nounced the US would begin to train titude of sources to initially ID the long watch. and arm Syrian opposition forces. e enemy and communicate what we see. “We were just bombing them back, success of combining Kurd ground Then JTACS in operations centers do and back, and back ... to the West, forces and coalition airpower at Kobani a collateral damage estimate and then and [ISIS] would try to sneak around had proved the concept. we deconflict friendlies. And when to the South, and then we would see en-USAF Chief of Sta Gen. Mark that’s done, a senior officer clears the them, and … it was just a huge battle,” A. Welsh acknowledged that his service sortie.” Kilchrist said. ew about 60 percent of the sorties in “You know, the average time for On the ground, the arrival of Iraqi the air war against ISIS. However, he those strikes, by the way, is measured Kurd Peshmerga troops brought forces shrugged o the credit. in minutes, not hours, or even halves with experience in coordinating US “ e DOD approach is not to de- of hours.” air strikes. feat ISIS from the air. e intent is to “ ere were times we were bomb- inhibit ISIS, to attrit ISIS, to slow ISIS B S AT KOBANI ing across the street, and as soon as down, to give a ground force time to By far the single largest amount the weapons were going o, they are be trained because the ground force of ordnance pounding ISIS targets charging into the rubble to take out will be required,” Welsh said in a State in Kobani came from B-1 bombers, what’s left and move forward that line of the Air Force press conference on which dropped 1,700 precision guided of troops to the next block,” one B-1 Jan. 16, 2015. weapons on Kobani during the siege. pilot told Air Force Times. “It’s an amaz- Holding Kobani was not the end of “Bones” from the 9th Bomb Squad- ing job the [Kurdish forces] did and the ISIS ght. It took a huge accelera- ron at Dyess AFB, Texas, deployed to how they are, more so than air- power, tion of air strikes from 2015 through Qatar in July 2014 expecting six months critical to victory in Kobani.” 2017 to secure Iraq and bottle up the of long combat overwatch flights to e B-1s went Winchester—dropping worst of ISIS. e weapons release and from Afghanistan’s airspace. They their entire bomb load in one mission—a count for Operation Inherent Resolve had been used consistently since 2001 total of 31 times in the ght for Kobani. reached 106,808 at the end of 2017. to loiter and drop bombs, provide at was a credit to smooth air-ground However, at Kobani, airpower again overflights, or simply keep watch. Pre- coordination. Typically, crews would stepped in as the workable option in a viously, in Afghanistan, the 9th Bomb release weapons on individual targets foreign policy crisis, with lives on the Squadron’s B-1 crews found it could throughout several hours. line and the world watching. As with take four to five hours to develop and “ e more they [ISIS] try to act like an Bosnia, Kosovo, and the early days of strike a target. army ... they just reinforce failure, and we Afghanistan, allies found their airmen In 2013, they’d dropped just 93 kill them at a very great rate,” concluded provided a way to ght. bombs in Afghanistan over six months. Hesterman. Concluded one B-1 crewman: “I look At Kobani, the intensity of the fight “They were very willing to impale forward to telling my grandkids that I ratcheted up. “It was a massive shift themselves on that city,” one B-1 crew got to help these people and to defend in rules of engagement,” said Lt. Col. member told Air Force Times. their homes.” J Erick Lord, the 9th BS commander, to Military.com in a January 2018 in- Rebecca Grant is president of IRIS Independent Research. Her most recent article for Air

terview. Force Magazine was “The Dawn of Airpower at St. Mihiel” in the September issue. SSgt.Photo: Aston Perry

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM  LEADERSHIP USAF Compiled by Chequita Wood, Assistant Managing Editor

OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE

Assistant Secretary of the Assistant Secretary of the Assistant Secretary of the Assistant Secretary Air Force (Acquisition) Air Force (Financial Air Force (Installations, of the Air Force (Manpower Will Roper Management & Comptroller) Environment, & Energy) & Reserve A airs) John P. Roth John W. Henderson Shon J. Manasco

Secretary of the Air Force Heather A. Wilson

Deputy Undersecretary Deputy Undersecretary of Principal Assistant to the Auditor General of the Air Force the Air Force (Management) Secretary of the Air Force Douglas M. Bennett (International A airs) Richard W. Lombardi (Space) Heidi H. Grant John P. Stopher

Undersecretary of the Air Force General Counsel Inspector General Chief, Information Director, Legislative Liaison Matthew P. Donovan Thomas E. Ayres Lt. Gen. Stayce D. Harris Dominance & Chief Maj. Gen. Steven L. Basham Information O icer William E. Marion II (acting)

Director, Public A airs Director, Small Business Administrative Assistant Brig. Gen. Edward W. Programs to the Secretary of the Thomas Jr. Valerie L. Muck Air Force Patricia J. Zarodkiewicz

 OCTOBER / NOVEMBER  ★ WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM USAF LEADERSHIP

THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AIR STAFF As of Aug. 24, 2018

Director of Sta Chief Master Sergeant of Air Force Historian Judge Advocate General Lt. Gen. Jacqueline D. Von the Air Force Walter A. Grudzinskas Lt. Gen. Je€rey A. Rockwell Ovost CMSAF Kaleth O. Wright

Chief of Sta Gen. David L. Goldfein

Surgeon General Chief of Chaplains Chief of Safety Chief Scientist Lt. Gen. Dorothy A. Hogg Maj. Gen. Steven A. Maj. Gen. John T. Rauch Jr. Richard J. Joseph Schaick

Chief of Air Force Reserve Director, Air National Guard Director, Test & Evaluation Director, Integrated Resilience Gen. Maryanne Miller Lt. Gen. L. Scott Rice Devin L. Cate Brig. Gen. Michael E. Martin Vice Chief of Sta Gen. Stephen W. Wilson

OCTOBER / NOVEMBER  H WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM USAFLEADERSHIP AIR STAFF A A A1 Manpower, Personnel, & Services

Deputy Chief of Sta Director, Air Force Services Director, Force Development Director, Manpower, Director, Plans & Integration Lt. Gen. Brian T. Kelly Horace L. Larry Russell J. Frasz Organization, & Resources Gregory D. Parsons (acting) Brig. Gen. Troy E. Dunn

Director, Civilian Force Director, Military Force Management Management Policy Mark R. Engelbaum Maj. Gen. Robert D. LaBrutta A2 Intelligence, Surveillance, & Reconnaissance

Deputy Chief of Sta Director, Future Warfare Director, ISR Modernization & Director, Warfighting Director, Special Programs Lt. Gen. Veralinn Jamieson Brig. Gen. Leah G. Infrastructure Operations Support Joseph D. Yount Lauderback James G. Clark Brig. Gen. James R. Clu‰ A3 Operations

Deputy Chief of Sta Director, Training & Readiness Director, Weather Director, Current Operations Lt. Gen. Mark D. Kelly Maj. Gen. Scott F. Smith Ralph O. Sto‰ ler Brig. Gen. B. Chance Saltzman A4 Logistics, Engineering, & Force Protection

Deputy Chief of Sta Director, Civil Engineers Director, Logistics Director, Resource Director, Security Forces Lt. Gen. Warren D. Berry Maj. Gen. Timothy S. Maj. Gen. Cedric D. George Integration Brig. Gen. Andrea D. Tullos Green Lorna B. Estep

OCTOBER / NOVEMBER  ★ WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM Following the Red Tails’ lead. Team T-100 is proudly advancing the legacy of aviation in Tuskegee. Tuskegee, AL, where the famed Tuskegee Airmen “Red Tails” trained as pilots during WWII, will be the site of Team T-100’s new aircraft factory if Leonardo DRS wins the U.S. Air Force T-X trainer program. This new state-of-the-art factory would bring thousands of American jobs and would produce the most advanced integrated training system in the world.

Learn more at T-100.com

008091_01_DRS_T100_RedTails_8125x10875.indd 1 8/24/18 9:08 AM LEADERSHIP USAF Compiled by Chequita Wood, Assistant Managing Editor AIR STAFF A A A5/8 Strategic Plans & Requirements

Deputy Chief of Sta Director, Air Force Warfighting Director, Strategic Plans Director, Strategy, Concepts, Lt. Gen. Jerry D. Harris Jr. Integration Capability Maj. Gen. David A. Krumm & Assessments Maj. Gen. Clinton E. Crosier Brig. Gen. David W. Hicks A6 O ice of Information Dominance & Chief Information O icer

Chief, Information Dominance Director, Cyber Director, Cyberspace Director, Cyberspace & Chief Information O icer Capabilities & Compliance Strategy & Policy Operations & Warfighting William E. Marion II Arthur G. Hatcher Jr. Maj. Gen. (sel.) Kevin B. Integration (acting) Kennedy Brig. Gen. David M. Gaedecke

A9 Studies, Analyses, & Assessments

Director Principal Deputy Director Kevin E. Williams Michael D. Payne

A10 Strategic Deterrence & Nuclear Integration

Deputy Chief of Sta Assistant Deputy Associate Deputy Lt. Gen. Jack Weinstein Chief of Sta Chief of Sta James J. Brooks Billy W. Mullins

OCTOBER / NOVEMBER  ★ WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM www.marvingroup.com Armed and Tested

LAU-117 Maverick missile launcher MTS-916 Series MTS-206 Series Modular target simulator Rugged portable tester for AGM/TGM-65 missiles for Maverick missiles

LAU-129 Digital TER-9A Missile rail launcher High speed triple ejector rack

MAU-12 MTS-3060 SmartCan TM TS-217 Heavy duty ejector rack Flightline tester supporting Depot-level universal legacy and smart weapons armament tester

Visit us at AFA Air, Space & Cyber - Booth #714

© 2018 Marvin Test Solutions, Inc. All rights reserved. Product and trade names are property of their respective companies. USAFLEADERSHIP MAJOR COMMANDS Air Combat Command Hq. JB Langley-Eustis, Va.

Commander Deputy Commander Command Chief Master 1st Air Force/Air Forces 9th Air Force 12th Air Force/Air Forces Gen. James M. Holmes Lt. Gen. Christopher P. Sergeant Northern Maj. Gen. Scott J. Zobrist Southern Weggeman CMSgt. Frank H. Batten III Lt. Gen. R. Scott Williams Shaw AFB, S.C. Maj. Gen. Andrew A. Croft Tyndall AFB, Fla. Davis-Monthan AFB, Ariz.

25th Air Force US Air Forces Central Command US Air Force Warfare Center Maj. Gen. Mary F. O'Brien Lt. Gen. (sel.) Joseph T. Maj. Gen. Peter E. Gersten JBSA-Lackland, Texas Guastella Jr. Nellis AFB, Nev. Southwest Asia Air Education and Training Command Hq. JBSA-Randolph, Texas

Commander Deputy Commander Command Chief Master 2nd Air Force 19th Air Force Air Force Recruiting Service Lt. Gen. Steven L. Kwast Maj. Gen. Mark E. Sergeant Maj. Gen. Timothy J. Leahy Maj. Gen. Patrick J. Doherty Brig. Gen. Jeannie M. Weatherington CMSgt. Juliet Gudgel Keesler AFB, Miss. JBSA-Randolph, Texas Leavitt JBSA-Randolph, Texas

Air University 59th Medical Wing Lt. Gen. Anthony J. Cotton Maj. Gen. John J. DeGoes Maxwell AFB, Ala. JBSA-Lackland, Texas Air Force Global Strike Command Hq. Barksdale AFB, La.

Commander Deputy Commander Command Chief Master 8th Air Force 20th Air Force Gen. Timothy M. Ray Maj. Gen. (sel.) Paul W. Sergeant Maj. Gen. James Dawkins Jr. Maj. Gen. Ferdinand B. Stoss Tibbets IV CMSgt. Thomas B. Mazzone Barksdale AFB, La. F. E. Warren AFB, Wyo.

 OCTOBER / NOVEMBER  ★ WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM UNRIVALED EXPERTISE

For more than five decades, Gulfstream has meticulously adapted its aircraft to meet the rigorous demands of training, research and reconnaissance work around the world. Experience unrivaled expertise. Experience Gulfstream.

TROY MILLER | +1 703 841 7443 | troy.millergulfstream.com LEADERSHIP USAF Compiled by Chequita Wood, Assistant Managing Editor MAJOR COMMANDS (Cont.) Air Force Materiel Command Hq. Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio

Commander Deputy Commander Command Chief Master Air Force Installation & Air Force Life Cycle Air Force Nuclear Weapons Lt. Gen. Robert D. McMurry Maj. Gen. Carl E. Schaefer Sergeant Mission Support Center Management Center Center Jr. (acting) CMSgt. Jason L. France Maj. Gen. Bradley D. Spacy Lt. Gen. Robert D. McMurry Jr. Maj. Gen. Shaun Q. Morris JBSA-Lackland, Texas Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio Kirtland AFB, N.M.

Air Force Research Laboratory Air Force Sustainment Center Air Force Test Center National Museum of the Maj. Gen. William T. Cooley Lt. Gen. Donald E. Kirkland Brig. Gen. Christopher P. US Air Force Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio Tinker AFB, Okla. Azzano John L. Hudson Edwards AFB, Calif. Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio Air Force Reserve Command Hq. Robins AFB, Ga.

Commander Deputy Commander Command Chief Master 4th Air Force 10th Air Force 22nd Air Force Gen. Maryanne Miller Maj. Gen. Richard W. Sergeant Maj. Gen. Randall A. Ogden Maj. Gen. Ronald B. Miller Maj. Gen. Craig L. La Fave Scobee CMSgt. Ericka E. Kelly March ARB, Calif. NAS Fort Worth JRB, Texas Dobbins ARB, Ga.

Air Force Space Command Hq. Peterson AFB, Colo.

Commander Vice Commander Command Chief Master 14th Air Force/Air Forces 24th Air Force/ Space & Missile Systems Gen. John W. Raymond Lt. Gen. David D. Thompson Sergeant Strategic Air Forces Cyber Center CMSgt. Brendan I. Criswell Maj. Gen. Stephen N. Whiting Maj. Gen. Robert J. Skinner Lt. Gen. John F. Thompson Vandenberg AFB, Calif. JBSA-Lackland, Texas Los Angeles AFB, Calif.

 OCTOBER / NOVEMBER  ★ WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM SPEED. INNOVATION. PERFORMANCE.

Credit: NASA

Sierra Nevada Corporation has a 50+ Combat Proven Close Air Support Turn-Key Space Solutions year heritage of providing aviation and Degraded Visual Environment (DVE) Solutions mission solutions to customers worldwide. Digital Interoperability & Multi-Mission ISR Our innovative and customer-centric Multi-Function Integrated Electronic Warfare approach is designed to ensure safe, Unmanned Aerial Systems Rotary-Wing Integration & Remanufacturing ecient and eective operations. eHealth & Remote Monitoring

sncorp.com © 2018 Sierra Nevada Corporation The appearance of U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) visual Sierra Nevada Corporation and SNC are trademarks of Sierra Nevada Corporation information does not imply or constitute DoD endorsement.

Air Force Magazine SNC Ad_2018.indd 1 8/24/2018 1:59:39 PM USAFLEADERSHIP MAJOR COMMANDS (Cont.)

Air Force Special Operations Command Hq. Hurlburt Field, Fla. 1st Special Operations Wing 352nd Special Operations Col. Michael E. Conley Wing Hurlburt Field, Fla. Col. Matthew D. Smith RAF Mildenhall, UK 24th Special Operations Wing Col. Claude K. Tudor Jr. 492nd Special Operations Hurlburt Field, Fla. Wing Col. Nathan Green 27th Special Operations Wing Hurlburt Field, Fla. Col. Stewart A. Hammons Cannon AFB, N.M. Commander Deputy Commander Command Chief Master Lt. Gen. Marshall B. Webb Maj. Gen. (sel.) Vincent K. Sergeant Becklund CMSgt. Gregory A. Smith

Air Mobility Command Hq. Scott AFB, Ill.

Commander Deputy Commander Command Chief Master 18th Air Force US Air Force Expeditionary Center Gen. Carlton D. Everhart II Maj. Gen. Thomas J. Sharpy Sergeant Maj. Gen. Sam C. Barrett Maj. Gen. Christopher J. Bence CMSgt. Larry C. Williams Jr. Scott AFB, Ill. JB McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst, N.J.

Pacific Air Forces Hq. JB Pearl Harbor-Hickam, Hawaii

Commander Deputy Commander Command Chief Master 5th Air Force 7th Air Force 11th Air Force Gen. Charles Q. Brown Jr. Maj. Gen. Russell L. Mack Sergeant Lt. Gen. Jerry P. Martinez Lt. Gen. Kenneth S. Lt. Gen. Thomas A. Bussiere CMSgt. Anthony W. Johnson Yokota AB, Japan Wilsbach JB Elmendorf-Richardson, Osan AB, South Korea Alaska

United States Air Forces in Europe-Air Forces Africa Hq. Ramstein AB, Germany

Commander Deputy Commander Command Chief Master 3rd Air Force Gen. Tod D. Wolters Lt. Gen. Je‹ rey L. Harrigian Sergeant Lt. Gen. Richard M. Clark CMSgt. Phillip L. Easton Ramstein AB, Germany

 OCTOBER / NOVEMBER  ★ WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM The US Air Force Mission Critical Partner

Serve. Win. Perform. MAGAero.com LEADERSHIP USAF Compiled by Chequita Wood, Assistant Managing Editor AIR FORCE GENERALS SERVING IN JOINT AND INTERNATIONAL ASSIGNMENTS Joint Chiefs of Sta

Vice Chairman of the Chief of Sta , United States Chief of the National Joint Chiefs of Sta Air Force Guard Bureau Gen. Paul J. Selva Gen. David L. Goldfein Gen. Joseph L. Lengyel Pentagon Pentagon Arlington, Va.

US European US Northern US Indo-Pacific US Strategic Command Command/NORAD Command Command

Commander, Commander Air Component Commander Commander Allied Air Command Gen. Terrence J. Gen. Charles Q. Brown Jr. Gen. John E. Hyten Gen. Tod D. Wolters O'Shaughnessy JB Pearl Harbor-Hickam, O utt AFB, Neb. Ramstein AB, Germany Peterson AFB, Colo. Hawaii

DIRECT REPORTING UNITS AUXILIARY Air Force Air Force District Operational Test & United States Air Civil Air Civil Air of Washington Evaluation Center Force Academy Patrol/USAF Patrol

National Commander Commander Commander Superintendent Commander Lt. Gen. Jay B. Silveria Col. Michael D. Tyynismaa CAP Maj. Gen. Mark E. Smith Maj. Gen. James A. Maj. Gen. Michael T. Brewer Maxwell AFB, Ala. Jacobson Kirtland AFB, N.M. Colorado Springs, Colo. Maxwell AFB, Ala. JB Andrews, Md.

OCTOBER / NOVEMBER  ★ WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM The AFA Group Term Life Insurance Plan

Securing the present. Protecting their future. You understand commitment to securing the lives of others, but would you feel confident about your family’s financial future in the event that something happens to you and you’re not around to fulfill that commitment?

Life insurance can offer peace of mind to help your loved ones with the burden of extra expenses, as well as with the taxes and debt you may leave behind.

At AFA, we mirror that sense of commitment. That’s why we sponsor the AFA Group Term Life Insurance Plan to our members. Learn more* about the AFA Group Term Life Insurance Plan. Call 1-800-291-8480 or visit www.afainsure.com

AFA GROUP TERM LIFE INSURANCE PLAN FEATURES: • COMPETITIVE GROUP RATES • “ACCELERATED BENEFIT” IF DIAGNOSED Underwritten by: New York Life Insurance Company, 51 Madison Avenue, WITH A TERMINAL ILLNESS New York, NY 10010 on Policy Form GMR-FACE/G-30290-0 Under Group Policy N. G-30290-0 • NO MILITARY EXCLUSIONS * Including features, costs, eligibility, renewability, limitations and exclusions. • PROTECTION 24 HOURS A DAY, Program Administered by Mercer Health & Benefits Administration LLC 365 DAYS A YEAR AR Insurance License #100102691 • PREMIUMS WAIVED IF TOTALLY DISABLED CA Insurance License #0G39709 • FAMILY COVERAGE AVAILABLE FOR In CA d/b/a Mercer Health & Benefits Insurance Services LLC SPOUSE AND DEPENDENT CHILDREN 84172 (10/18) Copyright 2018 Mercer LLC. All rights reserved.

84172 AFA Term Life Ad 2018.indd 1 84172 (10/18) AFA Term Life Ad 8/23/18 1:41 PM Trim Size: 8.125” x 10.875” Bleed Size: None Max Live Area: 7” x 10” Colors: 4-color (CMYK) Stock: na

MERCER Misc: na AA GOLDENGOLDEN AGEAGE ATAT YOKOTAYOKOTA The small base near Tokyo is quickly evolving into a one-of-a-kind hub for the Pacific region.

A C-130J on the flight line at Yokota AB, Japan, as fireworks light the sky during Celebrate America festivities on the base. By Brian W. Everstine okota Air Base has become e US attention to Japan “shows the everything from fuel to personnel and a critical hub for US Air importance of this area and the empha- materiel in the event of a large contin- Force operations in Japan; sis the highest level of our leadership is gency operation. the critical waypoint for putting here,” Col. Jean Eisenhut, 5th It’s in a “unique geographical loca- VIPs conducting top-level Air Force chief of sta, told Air Force tion, in a unique time in history, where regional business as well Magazine during a recent visit. our impact might be slightly outsized,” as aircraft, missions, and e new National Defense and Na- Moss said. cargo that cement the US-Paci c re- tional Security strategies in place since Ylationship. early this year focus on “great power MODERNIZING TO MEET CHINA Located within metropolitan Tokyo competition” with China, the threat Airmen in Paci c Air Forces have and integrated with that city’s air trac from North Korea, and Russia’s ongoing been focused “squarely” on region- control system, since mid-2017 Yokota inuence, coupled with the continu- al challenges such as North Korea’s has played host to all levels of the Air ous need for humanitarian aid in the belligerence and China’s buildup of Force chain of command, from the region. Yokota’s importance can only arti cial islands in the South China president on down, as well as Secretary rise along with the US emphasis on and East China Sea, not far from Japan, of State Mike Pompeo, who transits the Paci c. said Maj. Gen. Russell L. Mack, deputy there frequently. President Donald J. e National Security Strategy as- commander of PACAF, in an interview Trump stopped at Yokota on his rst serts that “US allies are critical to at the PACAF headquarters in Hawaii. visit to Asia in 2017 and again this year responding to mutual threats, such “ose are challenges for us, but before the Singapore meeting with as North Korea, and preserving our I would argue the biggest asymmet- North Korean leader Kim Jong Un. mutual interests in the Indo-Paci c ric advantage we have ... is with our “I don’t know of too many other region. … We welcome and support partnerships,” he said, including that bases who can say that,” observed Col. the strong leadership role of our critical with Japan. Kenneth E. Moss, then-commander ally, Japan.” Fifth Air Force and US Forces, Ja- of the 374th Airlift Wing at Yokota. “I Yokota is headquarters of 5th Air pan have placed a renewed emphasis don’t know of a base in history, over Force and US Forces, Japan. It’s rela- on “synchronization and coordina- that short period of time, that has seen tively small for an overseas Air Force tion” with Japan, especially as the two that lineup of visitors.” air base. Yokota has only a medium militaries begin to operate some of e ow of VIPs in 2017-2018 also runway and small population, but it the same new weapons systems. e included Defense Secretary Jim Mat- has been upping its game with more Marine Corps, for example, has based tis, who came through on an E-4B modern equipment, a quicker operat- F-35Bs at MCAS Iwakuni, Japan, while Advanced Airborne Command Post. ing tempo, and regular drills to surge the Air Force had deployed F-35As from

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM Hill AFB, Utah, to Kadena Air Base on Okinawa. ese steps came as the Japan Air Self-Defense Force began elding its own F-35s; seven of which now operate from Misawa Air Base in northern Japan. US ocials have been “providing advice and assistance on how to get things bedded down,” along with “do- A C-12J (center) and a C-130J at Yokota. The metropolitan Tokyo base frequently ing exercises together so we can devel- hosts VIP visitors such as the president and secretary of state. op interoperable tactics, techniques, and procedures,” or TTPs, Eisenhut with the new, stretched airlifter for “in- would just take away cargo space, said. creased exibility” in USAF operations Dolby said. “ at relationship helps us work across the Pacic, Moss said. e improvements were on display through harder things,” such as “plan- J-model missions really started in during Exercise Vigilant Ace 18. e ning exercises or ... a joint capability the February to March time frame as exercise originally called for 14 C-130Js, down the road.” more aircrew became qualied on the but Yokota only had seven available. aircraft, said Maj. Cerre Dolby, a C-130J Air Mobility Command provided two MICROCOSM OF THE FORCE pilot who ew the 12th J-model from more. e nine aircraft ew 105 sorties e increased presence of fth gen- Lockheed Martin’s facility in Marietta, in about four days, moving two ghter eration aircraft also highlights the im- Ga., to Yokota in April. ese missions wings, with only one sortie lost to portance of the alliance with Japan have included exercises such as Vigilant maintenance. and its strategic location in the broader Ace, Cope North, and Red Flag-Alaska, “You could not do that with the H Pacic, Eisenhut said. In addition to along with “some trash hauling”—mov- model,” Moss said, especially “with the F-35 presence at both Misawa ing cargo between bases. that number of aircraft” and on “that and Iwakuni, the US in July had F-22s Locally, the aircraft y regular air- time line.” deployed to Kadena, which is situat- drop training ights to a range near While the aircrews train often to ed roughly equidistant from Taiwan, Mount Fuji. ey also practice de- keep their skills sharp, they are tapped Shanghai, China, and the southern- fense—such as releasing ares—at a for a lot of real-world missions, too. most tip of Japan’s main islands. Both range over the Sea of Japan. One of “We know that the most important the US and Japan are acquiring the the biggest changes from the H to the things we do are those tasked mis- “latest, most advanced technology ... as J model has been the uprated power sions,” Dolby said. “You get a little far as airpower goes” and ying them plants, she said, noting the four new more job satisfaction when you can together regularly, she noted. Rolls-Royce AE 2100 engines, which participate in a humanitarian disaster America’s deployment of those sys- produce 25 percent more power, have relief mission or last minute support” tems to Japan is “a big statement, and the eect of “adding another engine.” for distinguished visitors (DVs). “ ose the fact that the Japanese are procur- e C-130’s “bread-and-butter” has things are a little more rewarding.” ing” the F-35 “supports that interopera- always been taking o and landing on bility,” she said. “Having that capability short elds, but on such missions, the MEDEVAC HURONS here” is a demonstration of the alliance cargo load has been limited. e more While Yokota’s Hercules unit is and “an anchor for security and peace powerful engines allow the aircraft to among the newest and largest in the here in the Indo-Pacic and Northeast carry more and still “make the climb Pacic, a smaller, older aircraft oper- Asia region.” out of the airelds,” she said. ating from the base is still making an USAF’s presence in Japan is a mi- e aircraft is 15 feet longer than the impact. In the last few years, C-12J Hu- crocosm of the force writ large, featur- older H model, increasing its payload. rons based here with the 459th Airlift ing strike aircraft at Misawa, tactical e cockpit is modern and digital, Squadron have become the primary mobility and command and control which helps pilots and other aircrew response aircraft for small-scale aero- at Yokota, and detachments of both focus more on ying and accomplish- medical evacuation. e three turbo- high-altitude intelligence, surveillance, ing their mission. props represent 75 percent of USAF’s and reconnaissance aircraft as well as One capability the J model didn’t total eet of four C-12J Hurons. ey y special operations forces. Air Force inherit from the H model was the the majority of aeromedical evacuation Special Operations Command is in- ability to carry external fuel tanks. requests from PACAF, Moss said. creasing its presence in the country This was a worry at first in the Pacific “It is the most rewarding mission,” with the deployment of CV-22 Ospreys area of responsibility, where aircrews said Capt. Matthew Gabreski, a C-12 at Yokota, a spot “ideal for their mis- must battle the “tyranny of distance” aircraft commander with the 459th sion,” Eisenhut said. and make long flights, such as direct AS. “You really feel like you are putting “It’s hard to think of a mission area from Japan to Alaska. However, the J patients in a better position to make it that is not here,” she said. model’s increased efficiency has so back to the States safely. It makes you Yokota is ramping up C-130J opera- far shown the C-130J can fly about feel like you are doing a good thing.” tions after receiving its last brand-new the same range without tanks that the Previously, PACAF relied on KC- Super Hercules in April, when the C-130H could with them. Adding the 135s to be the primary quick-response last old C-130H departed. Since then, tanks would increase drag to the point aircraft for aeromedical evacuations. the unit has showcased the increased where they wouldn’t be effective, and However, that took the large, four-en-

range, payload, and speed available an internal tank to increase distance gine tankers away from their primary Everstine/sta Brian Hudson; Photos: Donald SrA.

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM air refueling mission. ey also typically transported only one or two patients at a time, which involves “burning a whole lot of gas,” Gabreski said. “Most aerovac requests are simply one patient,” he explained, so the C-12s bring the patients to a location where they get “onward movement back to the States or to higher levels of care if required,” Moss said. The C-12Js, military versions of Raytheon 1900C regional airlifters, are based at Yokota primarily for VIP transport. Specifically, this has meant Gabreski and the other airmen focus mostly on moving colonels, generals, congressional delegations, and other VIPs. In 2013, the Air Force began evaluating new equipment on the C-12s to carry ambulatory patients. This testing included a C-12 flying from Yokota to Texas and back. Since taking over the role, C-12s have flown out of Yokota about once per week. An aeromedical evacuation SrA. Stephen Clark and A1C Matthew Pfe er, loadmasters, on the open ramp of a nursing team deploys to the base on C-130J flying near Yokota AB, Japan. a two- to three-week temporary duty assignment to support the mission, man, an air freight specialist with the is upgrading its fuels infrastructure. Gabreski said. 515th Air Mobility Operations Group. e Air Force and the Defense Logis- “Using the C-12 has freed up our The 515th AMOG’s systems au- tics Agency are building more bulk stor- traditional air evac platform, which is tomatically position and prioritize age facilities, nearly doubling the base’s the KC-135, to do its primary mission,” pallets for airlift missions across the fuel capacity from 19 million pounds Moss said. “And you know how short theater, cutting the time and manpow- to 35 million. Yokota is also building on tankers we are.” The 459th AS, while er needed to load an aircraft and get up its capability to be able to add fuel small, has a “huge impact on combat materiel on its way. additives on-site, instead of depending capability because of their flexibility.” “It’s vitally important that we have on another facility to do so, in an eort this capability, particularly in this lo- to streamline the overall process, said PORT OF THE FUTURE cation, because this is where our war MSgt. William Stapp, the fuels operation Yokota’s aerial port function is the planners are saying is going to be the section chief with the 374th Logistics most advanced in the service, and hub of cargo,” said Freeman. Readiness Squadron Petroleum, Oils, one the Air Force expects will serve as The Yokota port’s automated sys- and Lubricants. a model for other mobility locations tem, located in a cavernous warehouse e fuels ight was recently named globally. As cargo arrives, the Inven- right off the flight line, can hold up to the best in PACAF; and squadron mem- tory Control System automatically 265 pallets. Coupled with the docks, bers say they have to be, because of stores and prioritizes pallets, aided by that rises to 400 pallets. The port the high number of aircraft that come one airman at a computer terminal. system has one huge and one small through. When Mattis and the E-4B At 11 p.m. every night, the system refrigerator, —along with a large freez- stopped by in late June, the airmen automatically turns on and organizes er—which are used for items such as trucked over 230,000 pounds of fuel pallets—arranging them in order of perishable food for humanitarian aid for the 747-derived jet. e E-4B ight their importance and by location—so or for human remains. crew gave them 15 patches as thanks. aircraft can be loaded quickly the next e system has an enormous ro- When the base hosted Air Force One on morning. botic lift that can, on its own, go to its way to President Trump’s summit in While other USAF bases also have required cargo, fetch it down from Singapore, the crews told them Yokota an ICS system—Dover AFB, Del., and massive shelves as high as four stories was one of their favorite places to refuel, Travis AFB, Calif., are two—the Yokota up, and build a cargo load for an airlifter along with Ramstein AB, Germany. system is the most advanced and is in about 90 minutes, with little to no “ is region has been a major bridge to outfitted with more sensors than any hands-on work. At a facility without the a lot of stu that has happened in North other system. system, it would take four people about Korea. Bringing a lot of these DVs and For example, the Yokota system au- four hours to do the same job, said A1C having that support capability here to get tomatically weighs pallets as they are Alexandria Ahern, an air freight tech- them to where they need to be on time, processed, and if that weight differs nician with the 515th AMOG. we take it very seriously,” Stapp said, add- from what was coded into the system, As the logistics hub for the region— ing, “we take our service very seriously it will kick the entry out automatically and with more thirsty aircraft transit- here. In what we provide, we don’t mess

for review, said MSgt. Harvey Free- ing with greater frequency—Yokota around.” J Osakabe/USAF Yasuo Photo:

 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM B:8.375” T:8.125” S:7” B:11.125” T:10.875” S:10”

Your goals. Our guidance. We want to help you do more with your money. And now is a great time to get going. Let’s work together to build an investment strategy to help you put every dollar to good use.

Take the first step to getting financially fit today. 877-618-2473 | usaa.com/afa

Investments/Insurance: Not FDIC Insured • Not Bank Issued, Guaranteed or Underwritten • May Lose Value USAA means United Services Automobile Association and its affiliates. Financial advice provided by USAA Financial Advisors, Inc. (FAI), a registered broker dealer, USAA Investment Management Company (IMCO), a registered broker dealer and investment advisor, and for insurance, USAA Financial Planning Services Insurance Agency, Inc. (known as USAA Financial Insurance Agency in California, License # OE36312). Investment products and services offered by IMCO and FAI. Life insurance and annuities provided by USAA Life Insurance Co., San Antonio, TX, and in NY by USAA Life Insurance Co. of New York, Highland Falls, NY. Other life and health insurance from select companies offered through USAA Life General Agency, Inc. (known in CA (license #0782231) and in NY as USAA Health and Life Insurance Agency). Banking products offered by USAA Federal Savings Bank and USAA Savings Bank, both FDIC insured. Trust services provided by USAA Federal Savings Bank. AFA receives financial support from USAA for this sponsorship. © 2018 USAA. 253385-0918

This advertisement prepared by Saatchi & Saatchi REVIEW FOR CONTENT ONLY, NOT COLOR. Client: USAA Color: 4CP Creative Director: N/A Print Production Contact: Product: USAA Size: 8.125x10.875 Copy Writer: N/A N/A Campaign: AFM FASG AFA Financially Pubs: USAA Art Director: N/A Art Buyer Contact: Job #: 253385-0918 Issue: 2018.09 Traffic: N/A N/A Publication Note: Guideline for general identification only. Do not use as insertion order.

Studio #: B1122-00 Legal Creative Director Client Created: 8-21-2017 2:06 PM Bleed: 8.375” x 11.125” Proofreader Art Director Traffic Modified: 6-29-2018 12:45 PM Trim: 8.125” x 10.875” DO NOT PRINTPrint Production Account Supervisor Type Director Scale: 1” : 1” Safety: 7” x 10” Copy Writer Account Executive QC.1 QC.2 Filename: 253385-0918_AFM FASG AFA Financially Fit 2018.09 AD_02.indd Studio: Jessica Gannon Round #: 02 Lotcation: PDG_Saatchi & Saatchi:USAA:[USAA]:AFFINITY - 007389:PRINT:ADS:253385-0918_AFM FASG AFA Financially Fit 2018.09 AD:DOCUMENTS:253385-0918_AFM FASG AFA Financially This month, asARSENAL part of our centenary review, Air Force Magazine looks back at a small sample of the many,OF many ads DEMOCRACY we’ve carried. Though a few were for personal products, most o ered technology solutions for military problems; some very familiar, and persistent. History may not repeat, but it rhymes; especially in a sales pitch.

Chevron claimed its aviation fuel The Beech Bonanza was touted as an AFA’s Madison Square Gar- would head o mechanical problems executive’s secret weapon. den conventions featured Hollywood with your airplane. stars, limousines, and glitz.

American Airlines pointed out its help Rough field landing? Forget tires: Fire- Switlik parachute towers found non- to the Air Force in the Berlin Airlift. stone o ered tank-like landing gear. military use at amusement parks.

 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  ★ WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM ARSENAL OF DEMOCRACYBy John A. Tirpak, Editorial Director

Goodyear’s nice anti-ice device. Great ads? The Air Force was so sold Come to Dallas for the 1958 on Boeing’s KC-135 that it’s still flying AFA convention and expo, 50 years later. pardner.

The Treasury Department knew Sikorsky wanted you to know these The “Tweet” of its day, Cessna’s a good market, selling bonds to newfangled helicopters were pretty T-37 trained thousands of USAF service members and vets. versatile. pilots over four decades.

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  ★ WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM  Hughes planned to be with the Air Force in the quest for the high ground; in this case, the moon. The well-dressed astronaut was Stabilizing the highly unstable wearing Litton-developed suits. X-24 lifting body were Sperry-Rand flight controls.

The Ryan Firebee made a great target, and later a great reconnaissance drone, as well.

Computers and connectivity, ‘60s-style. West- ern Union o€ ered more bandwidth.

 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  ★ WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM Martin pushed precision-guided, Before “multirole” came in vogue, The OV-10 Bronco did it all in this North stando weapons in this Vietnam- McDonnell’s Phantom jet could American ad promoting it for counter- era ad. swing between attack and intercept insurgency work. missions.

Wire sculptures like this cat were a staple of Honeywell computer ads. Marquardt saw the future push for hypersonics in its ad for engines. Usable hypersonic technology is now five years away.

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  ★ WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM Although Northrop lost the lightweight fighter competition, it wound up developing the YF-17 into the highly successful F/A-18.

Pan Am promoted its role in the Civil Reserve Air Fleet, supplementing military cargo aircraft in the Vietnam War with its freighters.

Boeing’s YC-14 demonstrated short-field cargo jet operations, but didn’t get a production con- tract.

A double-page ad emphasized the size, range, and payload of Lock- heed’s C-5 Galaxy.

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  ★ WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM Grumman thought its F-14 car- rier-based fighter would make a fine Air Force interceptor.

The Raytheon Sparrow was the original long-reach weapon of the F-15. Like the KC-135 and B-52, CFM International’s CFM56 engine is still in service.

Satellites got explained by “Nipper,” the TRW. RCA mascot dog, went into orbit with this ad.

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  ★ WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM ICBM replacement was big in the ‘80s. This AVCO ad touts progress on reentry vehicles. General Electric thoughtfully o ered a handy crib sheet to its many engine products.

Rockwell promoted its combat aircraft heritage in assuring read- ers that the B-1B was sound.

Space Force? Datatape com- puter scientists looked like they were already in Starfleet. OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  ★ WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM Although painted in woodland camouflage, the C-17s in McDon- nell Douglas ads always seemed to be delivering forces to a desert.

Colorful infrared and wiring diagram illustrations like this one from Syscon promoted systems, not platforms.

Big warning radars were featured in these Raytheon ads.

LTV o ered a souped-up A-7 Cyanamid light with an F100 engine for close air sticks for various support. applications were a colorful break from ads for gray airplanes.

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  ★ WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM The sleek Boeing National AeroSpace Plane promised New York to Tokyo in two hours.

If you liked Bud, these Falcons were for you.

This notional canard fighter stood in for the Lockheed-led Advanced Tactical Fighter team’s classi- fied YF-22 for years.

Phones like the one in this Electrospace ad were invariably red.

Nothing new under the sun: If Air Force Magazine didn’t do it for you, New Dimen- sions o­ ered more aggressive reading.

 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  ★ WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM Forty years later, Lock- heed want- ed you to know the C-130 was still going strong.

The once-secret YF-23 showed everyone Northrop was doing cutting-edge airplane design.

Pratt & Whitney General Atomics became a C-27J ads for the light cargo mission, was happy to household name for drones backed by various companies. power which- like the Predator B. ever Joint Strike Fighter won the com- petition.

Sikorsky and AgustaWestland/ Lockheed Martin vied to provide CSAR helos. ✪ OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  ★ WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM The Chappie James Way Excellence, determination, and grit drove his historic rise to the top of the US military. By Peter Grier

ir Force Col. Daniel “Chappie” James Jr. was not going to let Muammar Qadda push him around. Facing the mercurial Libyan leader across a dusty patchA of desert outside US-controlled Wheelus Air Base in Libya, James told him to move his hand away from the fancy sidearm holstered on his hip. Or else. e threat was far from empty. As James told the story, he carried his own .45 in his belt. Tall and imposing, James entered Tuskegee Institute on a football schol- arship. A Tuskegee Airman, he’d served in World War II and own almost 200 combat missions in Korea and Vietnam. His drive and skill would eventually help make him the rst four-star Afri- can-American general in the US military and the commander of NORAD. “I fought in three wars and three more wouldn’t be too many to de- fend my country,” he later scribbled on a portrait that would hang in the Pentagon. But in early 1970, that was in the future. As commander of the 7272nd Fighter Training Wing, then-Col. James was responsible for managing the US withdrawal from Wheelus, a hot and dry installation whose value as a strategic bomber base had declined with the rise of nuclear missiles. Qaddafi and other radical Libyan officers had seized power in a coup in late 1969, after the US had already agreed to turn the base over. Almost immediately Qaddafi began pushing to see what more he could get. James was determined to not be bullied out A signed portrait of Gen. Daniel “Chappie” James hangs in the Pentagon. It pictures early, or to unnecessarily turn over ve- James in front of his F-4 at Ubon AB, Thailand, during Vietnam. hicles and other valuable equipment. Their face-to-face standoff became gun in a holster strapped to his leg. 4,000 people and $21 million in assets an Air Force legend. As the final days As the pair talked Qaddafi moved his from a base the US had hosted war- for Wheelus approached, Qaddafi hand onto the grip of the weapon. planes at since 1943. ran a column of half-tracks through “I told him to move his hand away. If Superiors and associates were not the base housing area at full speed. he had pulled that gun, he never would surprised by James’ skillful handling James shut the gate to prevent further have cleared his holster,” James recalled. of the Wheelus situation. After all, this passage and met Qaddafi a few yards e moment passed without esca- was an ocer used to pressure, who outside the barrier. The US command- lation, and a short time later James had grown up in segregation and faced er noted that the Libyan had a fancy successfully completed the removal of prejudice and resistance as the US mil-

 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM his spare timeXxxx he xx took x xx xup xx stunt x xx xx ying, x x taught by Percyxx x xx Sutton, x x xx x a x futurexx x x xx Free x - dom Rider,xx attorney x x x xx x forx x xMalcolm xx x x x x xX, entrepeneur,xx and x x xx rst x x black x Manhattan borough president. In 1942, with the US already at war, he graduated from Tuskegee with a Bachelor of Science degree in physical education and a civilian pilot certi ca- tion. He stayed on at Tuskegee as a ight instructor, entering the Army Air Corps Aviation Cadet program in January 1943. James was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Army Air Corps the following July. He completed fight- er pilot combat training at Selfridge Field, Mich., but was not sent overseas. ough many of the famed Tuskegee Airmen served with distinction over- seas, James remained in the US as an instructor during World War II. He would not see combat until Korea. After World War II, James experi- enced a pause in his career. e force was drawing down and opportunities were limited for young lieutenants who wanted to y. He also faced the obstacle Civil Air Patrol and the National Aerospace Education Association published a series of segregation. Blocked from whites-on- of “aerospace personality” workbooks for children. Number 4 featured James’ life. ly ocers’ clubs, some Tuskegee Air- men had resisted with protests during itary fully integrated following World She ran the Lillie A. James School for 52 wartime training. War II. He was a steady combat leader years, until she died at age 82. (It has been widely reported that at and ghter pilot who played a key role roughout his life James credited his least one biographer of James said he in Operation Bolo, the innovative 1967 teacher mom with drilling into his head was the leader of one of the most well- operation that struck a heavy blow the importance of eort, preparation, known of these protests, the “Freeman against the North Vietnamese Air Force. and character. He once told a reporter, Field Mutiny” of April 1945, and that James saw almost every aspect of the “My mother used to say, ‘Don’t stand he was arrested for refusing to sign Air Force while serving during three there banging on the door of oppor- a document acknowledging segre- “hot” wars ( ghting in two of them), tunity then when someone opens it, gated clubs at Freeman Field, Ind. In and holding key Cold War leadership you say, wait a minute, I got to get my 2016, Air Force Historical Research positions. bags. You be prepared with your bags Agency historian Daniel L. Haulman Persistence in the execution of tasks of knowledge, your patriotism, your investigated and found no US military was an ingrained part of his personality. honor, and when somebody opens the documentation supporting this claim. It was a credo he passed along to his son, door, you charge in’. ” James was a courier pilot at the time.) Daniel James III, who himself rose to As a youth, James inherited a lifelong On July 26, 1948, President Harry S. the rank of Air Force lieutenant general nickname, “Chappie”, from his older Truman signed Executive Order 9981, and commanded the Air National Guard brother Charles, a star Florida A&M ocially integrating US armed forces. from 2002 to early 2006. halfback. At the time “Chappie” was But signing a paper was one thing; “In my home, the 11th Command- a common “Charles” diminutive. e actually producing integrated units in ment was ‘I shall not quit’,” said the younger Chappie was also a gridiron the force was another. Not many whites younger James in a 2009 speech. “We standout. Big enough to play tackle, he would talk to James when he came in the were not allowed to give up. After you earned a football scholarship to Tuske- door of his rst overseas assignment, at proved that you have given 110 percent, gee Institute in Alabama. Clark Air Base in the Philippines in Sep- [my father] would say, ‘Good, let’s start James thought that to overcome the tember 1949. at is what he later told o v e r ’. ” racial barriers of the era he might have his son, Daniel James III, in any case. Daniel James Jr. was born in 1920 in to become an undertaker to earn a sta- ere was one exception: a friendly Pensacola, Fla., the last of his parents’ ble living. But in Pensacola, the sight of Texan named “Spud” Taylor who in- 17 children. His father worked hard at military aircraft roaring away from a big troduced himself to the new arrival. It a good job for the local gas company. Navy aviation training base had red his turned out the two men had a common His mother was unimpressed with the imagination. He wanted to y. interest in music. James played drums quality of the segregated public school At Tuskegee he got the chance. In and Taylor saxophone. Eventually they he would have attended as a youngster, addition to his academic studies, he recruited a piano player and formed a so she started her own. It gradually at- enrolled in a government ight-training trio that would play at special events tracted other neighborhood children. program oered through the school. In at Clark. McCaery/USAF; Maxine CAP/NAE Painting: Illustration:

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM  “Spud,” whose real rst name was Claude, was a character, James’ son remembers. He wore cowboy boots with his ying suit and had a handlebar mustache. Spud and Chappie became fast friends. Sadly, Spud was killed in Korea. In his honor, Chappie James named his next son Claude. James himself left for Korea in July 1950. He experienced his rst real dog- ght while ying ground support in a P-51 Mustang, a prop aircraft, and was jumped by jet-powered MiGs. James later said he maneuvered around until US jets arrived for backup and that he thought he’d hit and damaged one MiG as it was leaving. “I never had time to think about get- ting killed. ere was too much to do,” he told an interviewer in 1977. Eventually James flew 101 Korea combat missions in P-51s and F-80s. He transferred back to the US in July 1951, where he trained as an all-weather jet pilot with the 58th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron at Otis AFB, Mass. At this point, his career began to take o. Gregarious, prepared, and organized, with a force of F-4 ghters impersonat- markings,” James said in an after-action James was a natural leader. Once he ing an F-105 ight. e F-4s used F-105 report. returned from Korea his progression refueling altitudes, approach routes, James barrel-rolled to gain separation up the ranks of the service was rapid. airspeeds, radio call signs, and other for attack and red one Sidewinder. It By early 1953 he was a squadron com- distinctive indicators. For the rst time, missed as the MiG broke hard left. But mander. en it was Air Command the F-4s were also equipped with ECM the North Vietnamese pilot had evaded and Sta College, a sta ocer stint at pods to deceive the enemy’s missile and James only to put himself in the ight USAF headquarters in Washington in ak acquisition and tracking radars, path of Ford Flight’s No. 2 aircraft, own the oce of the Deputy Chief of Sta according to Aces and Aerial Victories, by Capt. Everett T. Raspberry Jr. A few for Operations, and European service an ocial history of USAF in Southeast more maneuvers, and Raspberry put a at RAF Bentwaters, England. In the Asia. Sidewinder up the MiG’s tailpipe. early ’60s he was deputy commander Each ight of this deception force When it was over, 12 F-4s had en- for operations at Davis-Monthan Air consisted of four F-4Cs. Olds led the rst gaged 14 MiGs and scored seven con- Force Base in Arizona with the 4453rd ight, appearing right on time on target rmed victories, against no losses. Combat Crew Training Wing. over Phuc Yen, northwest of Hanoi, at “The MiGs reacted as we had en he got the call to go ght in 3:00 p.m. local time. hoped,” said Olds at a news confer- Vietnam. No MiGs. ence in Saigon a short time later. “To James flew 78 more combat mis- Unbeknownst to Olds, enemy ground make a wonderfully long story short, sions in Southeast Asia, many of them control had delayed MiG takeos by 15 they lost.” through heavy flak. As deputy com- minutes due to overcast skies. James returned to the US in Decem- mander for operations and later vice en James led Ford Flight, the sec- ber 1967 as a vice wing commander at wing commander of the 8th Tactical ond group of F-4s. It popped out of Eglin Air Force Base in Florida. e posi- Fighter Wing, he was reunited with the clouds right on time, ve minutes tion was not a promotion, but part of the ace pilot and wing commander Robin after Olds. At that moment the MiGs job entailed speeches in the community Olds, who James had met during his appeared. What followed was a melee and Washington, D.C. Ocials began to Pentagon years. The two men formed that might have been the greatest ghter notice James’ public relations skills. A a strong leadership and combat team, battle of the Vietnam War. forceful and convincing speaker, he was inevitably dubbed “Black Man and ree MiGs immediately pounced on defending the Vietnam War at a time Robin.” James’ ight. Two came from 10 o’clock the Pentagon and the White House Operation Bolo was perhaps the high high, one from 6 o’clock low. Rolling were coming under increasing criti- point of their professional relationship. from a left bank to a steep right break, cism for the burden the fighting placed Dreamed up by Olds, it was an aerial James was suddenly ying right next to on the poor and minorities. Eventually trap for enemy MiGs, which had been his adversary, in what he later termed James won over one powerful mentor evading US ghter escorts and attacking a strange encounter. in particular: Melvin Laird, President heavily laden F-105 ghter-bombers en “For a split second, [he] was cano- Nixon’s Secretary of Defense. route to targets. py-to-canopy with me. I could clearly Under Laird, James became a wing e January 1967 operation began see the pilot and the bright red star commander and the base command-

 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM a Navy officer in Pensacola to move to the back of a bus—and had been ashamed of himself after comply- ing. He later said that afterward he vowed to never let anyone or any- thing stand in his way again. He’d served in the segregated Army Air Corps and taken advantage of one of the first opportunities offered to minorities, the training program at Tuskegee. He’d suffered in silence in the first years of a truly integrated force, while looking for ways to con- tinue to excel and climb. “I think you are limiting yourself anytime you decide to be a black leader, anytime you decide to be a white leader, anytime you decide to be a Catholic leader,” he said in an interview with television journalist Tony Brown. “The mantle of leadership comes through preparation,” he said on Brown’s syndicated television pro- gram. “Leaders are made, they are not born. And they make themselves through total dedication and prepa- ration.” James left the NORAD position in late 1977, after a little more than two years in the post. Some news reports at er at Wheelus. In Libya, he National Guard oral history. the time speculated that the move was skillfully managed the difficult By Sept. 1, 1974, James linked to a stiff letter he had sent the drawdown, flying assets out at was promoted to lieutenant Air Force Chief of Staff dealing with night to clean out the base in general when he assumed a reorganization plan for Aerospace time to turn it over. duty as vice commander of Defense Command. In March 1970, Laird called Military Airlift Command, He then served just two months at and o ered him a job as depu- based at Scott AFB, Ill. the Pentagon before officially retiring ty assistant secretary of public On Sept. 1, 1975, he was on Feb. 1, 1978. Both James and the a airs. James demurred, saying promoted again, to four- Air Force said his retirement was for he was a ghter pilot, not a star grade, as commander health reasons, and he was already public a airs specialist. Laird of North American Aero- suffering from heart trouble. commented that Chappie had Gen. Daniel space Defense Command James died of a heart attack on Feb. been a ghter pilot, implicit- “Chappie” James (NORAD), with operational 25, 1978, less than a month after retir- ly pointing out that the ying as a four-star. command of all US and Ca- ing from the service he loved. part of James’ career was over. nadian strategic aerospace In May 1987, then-President Ronald He took the job and eventually defense forces. He was the Reagan traveled to Tuskegee Institute served as Laird’s principal public a airs first African-American to wear four and spoke at the dedication of the ocial. stars in any branch of the US military. Gen. Daniel “Chappie” James Jr. Cen- James was promoted to one-star “If my making an advancement ter for Aerospace Science and Health status when he accepted the public can serve as some kind of spark to Education. affairs job. “He was something,” Laird some young black or other minority, When he was commander of said in an interview after leaving of- it will be worth all the years, all the NORAD, all of America had depended fice. blood and sweat it took in getting on James’ judgment and courage for James’ forte as a spokesman was here,” James said upon earning his survival in the face of nuclear threat, public speaking, not dealing with fourth star. Reagan noted. the press. He mixed humor with an- James knew that some blacks felt he “He had four stars on his shoulder and ecdotes and patriotism into a potent had reached his rank by playing along 50 stars in his heart,” Reagan said. J mix that appealed to many types of with the powers of the white establish- audiences. ment. He rejected that assessment and Peter Grier, a Washington, D.C., editor for “He was an excellent speaker, a very felt that it did not give him enough The Christian Science Monitor, is a longtime powerful motivator, and he’s a very credit for living through the beginning contributor to Air Force Magazine. His most imposing figure,” remembered his and end of a tumultuous era. recent article, “Rare-Earth Uncertainty,”

son Lt. Gen. Daniel James III in his Air As a youth he’d been ordered by appeared in the August 2018 issue. CAP/NEAIllustratioins:

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM Raiders exit a deliberately crashed helicopter at the Son Tay prison camp in North Vietnam.

The rescue operation was almost perfect—but Into Son Taythe POWs were gone. oring over reconnaissance By John T. Correll photos in May 1970, US Air Force intelligence an- alysts noticed a new wall and a new guard tower at an enclosed compound Pnear Son Tay on the Song Con River, 30 miles west of Hanoi. Closer inspection revealed rocks in a corner of the compound, arranged in the shape of the letter K—search and rescue code for “come and get us.” Intelligence rst estimated there to be six, then 50, then 70 American prisoners of war at Son Tay. In 1970, the US knew the names of more than 500 POWs held in North Vietnam. Several of the prisons—in- cluding Hoa Lo, the infamous “Hanoi The CIA built a tabletop replica of the Son Tay camp so it could be studied from Hilton”—were located in the North all angles. Vietnamese capital itself, where the POWs were beyond any hope of rescue. imposed. Even US Paci c Command ahead of time. e rest of the raiders at was not the case with Son Tay and Military Assistance Command Viet- were kept in the dark until the mission and consideration of a rescue began nam, in whose territory it would occur, was underway. right away. For various operational were not in the loop. Execution of the The attack force descended with and political reasons, though, it would plan required approval by the president. complete surprise on Son Tay in the be six months before everything was e mission was launched just be- early morning hours of Nov. 21. From ready to go. fore midnight Nov. 20 and involved a military standpoint, the operation was e concept for the raid was ap- 116 aircraft ying from seven air bases almost perfect. Even the single mistake proved by the Joint Chiefs of Sta on and three aircraft carriers. e ground turned out to be fortunate. July 10. It was the rst joint military assault was conducted by 56 US Army However, the rst report ashed back operation ever conducted under direct Special Forces troops. Only the plan- from Son Tay was staggering. e POWs JCS control. Extraordinary secrecy was ners and leaders knew the destination were not there. As it was later deter-

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM mined, they had been moved while the rescue was still in the planning stages.

EGLIN May 1970 was not a good time to sug- gest a raid deep into North Vietnam. e controversial incursion into Cambodia at the beginning of the month was fresh in the news. Public clamor was for wind- ing down the war as rapidly as possible. The United States no longer had agents in North Vietnam to aid in the insertion. Nine such teams, 45 trained Vietnamese, were abandoned after the bombing halt in 1968. e proposal for a raid was sponsored mainly by the joint counterinsurgency/ special activities sta. eir feasibility study in June led the Joint Chiefs to approve the operation in principle in July. e planning and training phase, which began in August, was designated Special Operations troops assigned to the Son Tay raid. Fifty-six troopers were “Ivory Coast,” and was disclosed to as selected for the ground raid. few people as possible. Air Force Brig. Gen. LeRoy J. Manor In fact, USAF reconnaissance photos e Air Force had only 12 of the was chosen as mission commander showed that such labor-intensive disas- highly classified MC-130E Combat and Army Col. Arthur D. “Bull” Simons sembly was not necessary. “ e cloth Talon special operations aircraft. ey was named as deputy and ground force walls were not distinctive enough to were coated with early stealth reective commander. Most of the training was in suggest solid structures,” said Maj. John paint, and because of their terrain-fol- a secluded section of the Florida pan- Gargus, lead navigator for the strike lowing radar and other electronic fea- handle at Eglin Air Force Base Auxiliary force. “ e site looked like a stockyard tures, they were always parked in their Field No. 3, near where the Doolittle in repair,” and it was “highly unlikely own part of the ramp with armed Raiders trained for their mission against that even the sharpest photo interpreter guards to prevent unauthorized per- Tokyo 28 years previously. would identify the construction as the sons from getting too close. Air Force aircrews and Army Special Son Tay camp.” e formations would be dicult Forces troops prepared for a mission Manor traveled from command to to maintain since the helicopters, the that would involve dissimilar aircraft command to line up resources, every- Skyraiders, and the MC-130s ew at ying close together at low level at night, thing from helicopters and ghters to signicantly dierent speeds. under radio silence, and landing an aeromedical transports. He had to deal Manor forecast two “windows” for HH-3 Jolly Green helicopter inside the with senior ocers who could not be the mission—Oct. 21 to 25 and Nov. walls of the compound. told about the mission. He was aided in 21 to 25—times when moonlight con- e CIA built a tabletop replica— this by a letter from USAF Chief of Sta ditions would be ideal. National secu- code named “Barbara”—of the Son Tay Gen. John D. Ryan directing command- rity adviser Henry Kissinger ruled out compound. Optical viewing equipment ers to give Manor whatever he needed, the October option as in conict with permitted the camp to be studied as it no questions asked. “ongoing political discussions” with would appear under various lighting China. us the November window conditions and phases of the moon, and ASSEMBLY was chosen for Operation Kingpin, as from any angle. e direct strike would be conducted it was designated. ere was a full-scale mockup of the by 28 aircraft: six helicopters, two MC- Intelligence reports were mixed. camp. e dimensions of the buildings 130 pathnders, and 20 ghter-attack High-altitude imagery from the SR-71 were carefully staked out by two-by-four escorts. was supplemented by low-level photos posts in the ground with yards of cloth Five of the helicopters were HH-53C by the Ryan 147S Bualo Hunter drone. stretched between them to simulate Super Jolly Green Giants. ey would None of it was conclusive. A source the walls. ght their way into Son Tay, deliver the inside North Vietnam said the POWs An abiding myth, still repeated today, Army assault force, and bring the POWs were no longer at Son Tay, but SR-71 is that the mockup was dismantled out. e other helicopter, a smaller overights Nov. 2 and Nov. 6 revealed every morning lest it be discovered by HH-3E Jolly Green, would land inside “a denite inuence in activity.” a Soviet Cosmos satellite that passed the compound. Tight security complicated matters. over Eglin twice a day. e posts were Neither the helicopters or the ve In early November, the CIA station supposedly removed, the cloth rolled A-1 Skyraiders, going along to prove chief in Saigon insisted on using the up, and the post holes covered with lids. close air support, had the navigational HH-53C helicopters for a raid in Laos Daylight training was limited to times capability to y the precise approach to and was unwilling to take no for an for when the satellite was not in position the camp in the dark, so they would be answer without being told why. USAF to observe. led there by the MC-130s. broke the impasse with an elaborate Archives; Photos: National USAF Nikiporenko/USAF Mikhail Painting:

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM subterfuge in which all of the HH-53s jamin Schemmer in e Raid, published south alongside a similar-looking com- were temporarily grounded, allegedly in 1976, the rst detailed account of the pound labeled “Secondary School” on for safety reasons. An exception was operation. On this night, however, the the intelligence maps. made for Son Tay, but not for the CIA. MC-130s were held back to 105 knots, e mistake turned out to be ex- e joint force began deployments 10 knots above stalling speed. tremely fortunate. The Secondary from Eglin Nov. 10, and by Nov. 14 was “ ey had to y that slow because School was occupied by a contingent in a secure area of Takhli Air Base in the helicopters couldn’t y any faster,” of more than 100 enemy troops, and a ailand. President Richard M. Nixon’s Schemmer noted. reght ensued. Had Simons and his formal approval for the mission arrived e helicopters were stacked in ech- party not stumbled across them, they Nov. 18. elon, three on each side, slightly above would probably have struck the US e strike was supposed to begin on and behind the wings of the Combat troopers at the main compound by the night of Nov. 21 but that was upset Talons. “They would have to fly ‘in surprise and with considerable eect. by a typhoon, moving slowly toward draft,’ tucked in close enough behind e Secondary School defenders did the mainland from the Philippines and the C-130’s wings to be ‘sucked along’ not wear North Vietnamese Army dress forecast to bring bad weather to North in the plane’s vacuum,” Schemmer said. and were taller than usual for North Vietnam. Manor advanced the timing e other formation, with the A-1s trail- Vietnamese. The Americans figured by 24 hours. e mission would go on ing the second MC-130, ew in close them to be Chinese or Russians. One Nov. 20. proximity. of the raiders whose belt broke during Manor’s command post would be Also en route to Son Tay were 10 F-4D the attack stripped a replacement from at Monkey Mountain, a USAF tactical Phantom ghters from Udorn to provide one of the fallen defenders. e buckle air control center near Da Nang in protection against MiG interceptors and was later determined to be that of a South Vietnam, where he had commu- ve F-105G Wild Weasels from Korat for Chinese ocer. nications with all elements of the force, SAM suppression. e Red River basin, e A-1s attacked and destroyed a including aircraft carriers and the Joint where the assault force was heading, small bridge on the Song Con River Chiefs of Sta. was a hotbed of SA-2 surface-to-air when activity was detected on the other Simons would go to Son Tay as on-site missiles and anti-aircraft artillery. side. e ghters maintained orbit over commander. At Takhli, he selected the All arrived undetected over Son Tay, the camp but encountered no challenge. 56-member ground force from the 100 and at 2:18 a.m. the lead Combat Talon “The raiding element was on the troopers who had deployed—an expect- dropped four ares to light up the night ground for not more than ve minutes ed action but nonetheless disappointing sky and the camp. One of the Super when the mistake was realized,” Manor to the 44 not chosen. Jollys swept low over the prison to de- said. “Simons and his men reboard- On the evening of Nov. 20, Simons molish the guard towers and strafe the ed the helicopter and moved into the told the assault team that the mission barracks with its Gatling machine guns. correct position at the Son Tay prison. was to rescue POWs at a place called e entire camp was searched and the Son Tay. ey boarded transports for a  MINUTES devastatingly disappointing discovery short hop to Udorn Air Base in northern At precisely 2:19 a.m., the HH-3 Jolly was made that there were no Americans ailand, where the helicopters were Green helicopter set down hard in a at the camp. e coded message—”Neg- waiting. small space inside the prison walls, ative Items”—was received at my com- the rotor blades chopping limbs from mand post.” e code word for POW INGRESS the trees as it went in. One large tree was “item.” First up were the Combat Talon MC- was completely severed and limbs and e raiding party began pulling out 130Es, which took o from Takhli and debris were still falling as the troops of Son Tay at 2:40 a.m. ey had been were joined over Laos by the helicopters dismounted. on the ground for 29 minutes, a minute from Udorn and the A-1 Skyraiders Damage to the HH-3 did not mat- less than anticipated in the plan. from Nakhon Phanom. ey refueled ter. Its trip was planned as one-way from HC-130P tankers and took up a all along, and the demolition charges REACTION low-level course across the mountains were already in place, set to explode The SAMs, silent until now, opened for Son Tay. on a timer. up as the raiders departed. They were Shortly after midnight on Nov. 21, The first raider off the HH-3 an- immediately engaged by the F-105 three US Navy carriers from Task Force nounced with a broadcasting bullhorn Wild Weasels, one of which was dam- 77 in the Tonkin Gulf began a mas- that, “We are Americans! is is a res- aged by a rising SA-2 missile. The sive diversion, launching 59 sorties cue!” e assault team soon disposed F-105, leaking fuel, went down be- that dropped ares in the vicinity of of the guards as they emerged and a fore it could reach the tankers over Haiphong harbor. This completely room-by-room search began. Laos. The crew landed uninjured in captured the attention of the North Two of the HH-53s broke away to wait the mountains and was subsequently Vietnamese air defense system which nearby in a holding area until called to rescued. Otherwise, the total US casu- did not notice the small raiding party pick up the rescued POWs. e other alties amounted to a broken ankle and approaching from the other direction. two Super Jollys were supposed to land one minor bullet wound. Over Laos, the air assault force divid- adjacent to the prison compound to e assault force was out of North ed into two elements, the six helicopters deliver the ground force. Vietnam by 3:15 a.m. and back to Udorn behind one of the Combat Talon C-130s One of them did so, but the other— at 4:28 a.m., roughly ve hours after and the ve Skyraiders behind the other. specically the one carrying ground takeo. “I received a message from “ e normal cruise speed of a C-130 force commander Simons and 22 raid- Admiral Moorer [the JCS chairman, at low level is about 250 knots,” said Ben- ers—mistakenly landed 400 meters Adm. omas H. Moorer] instructing

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM Two raiders train at the full-size replica of Son Tay, built by the CIA at Eglin AFB, Fla.

me and Simons to return to Washington A total of 96 decorations were pre- planning and training for the mission posthaste,” Manor said. sented to Air Force and Army partic- “stands arguably as the preeminent Flanked by Manor and Simons at a ipants. Every member of the ground model of all special operations mis- press conference in the Pentagon on assault force received the Silver Star sions conducted by the US military.” Nov. 23, Secretary of Defense Melvin or a higher decoration. Originally, It is in sharp contrast with Desert One, Laird announced the basic facts of the Army bureaucrats had decided that the the disastrous eort to rescue US hos- mission. “ e rescue team discovered Army Commendation Medal—a minor tages in Iran in 1980, aborted after the that the camp had recently been va- award—was sucient for more than loss of aircraft and lives in the middle cated,” Laird said. Manor and Simons half of the raiders. ey backed down of a sandstorm. declined to answer questions about when Simons told the Chief of Sta that Lt. Gen. Donald V. Bennett, director details. his team, regarding such “recognition” of the Defense Intelligence Agency, The headline in the Washington Post as insulting, might refuse to accept the “appeared before Admiral Moorer the next day was “US Raid to Rescue Commendation Medal. on the morning of 20 November with POWs Fails.” Reaction from Congress two stacks of ‘evidence,’ one saying was mostly supportive, but Sen. J. PERSPECTIVE ‘they’ve moved’ and an equally large William Fulbright (D-Ark.)—chairman It has been established that the one saying ‘they’re still there’,” Ami- of the Armed Services Committee and POWs were removed from Son Tay in don said. a foremost critic of the war—called July. ere is conjecture, still repeated e unavoidable question is the ex- the raid “a very provocative act” that today, that this was done because of tent to which decision-makers allowed represented “a very major escalation ooding of the Son Tay River—sup- themselves to be convinced by what of the war, that it seems to me, will en- posedly related to a CIA cloud-seeding they wanted to believe. In his essay, tail greatly increased conflict between program to generate heavy rain to wash Amidon concludes that it was a case of North and South.” out road surfaces and river crossings. “collective rationalization” and “group Sen. Birch Bayh (D-Ind.) said it was is theory has been largely debunked. think” at the Pentagon. a “John Wayne approach” that might “We moved—pure, plain, predeter- John Gargus, the lead navigator for lead to “POWs being executed.” mined administrative move to quarters the mission and the author of his own The predictions of dire consequenc- that had been in the planning and comprehensive account of the opera- es proved unfounded. “The North building for us for a considerable peri- tion, agrees with Amidon. Vietnamese, fearing a repeat perfor- od of time,” said Air Force Col. Richard “Military leaders in Washington mance but not knowing when and A. Dutton, who was a prisoner at Son were so motivated and committed to where, closed down the outlying POW Tay. “It was just coincidence.” the rescue of the prisoners that their camps and consolidated all POWs e mission is regarded as a major desire for solidarity and unanimity into the two remaining prisons in event in special operations history. overrode any realistic appraisal of what downtown Hanoi,” Manor said. “The e Son Tay Raider Association was was facing them,” Gargus said. J number of POWs in these prisons now formed in 1990 and for many years held grew to the extent that POWs lived in reunions and conducted informational John T. Correll was the editor-in-chief of groups rather than what for many had programs. Air Force Magazine for 18 years and is now been solitary confinement. Morale im- In a thoughtful essay for Parameters, a contributor. His most recent article, “The mediately improved, and as a result, the journal of the US Army War College, Making of MAD,” appeared in the Septem- general health improved.” USAF Lt. Col. Mark Amidon said the ber issue. Photo: Col. John Gargus/USAF John Col. Photo: OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM BACK TO SCHWEINFURT Eighth Air Force’s second Schweinfurt raid punctuated the grim period before long-range fighter escorts assisted the bombers.

Eighth Air Force destroyed some 75 percent of Schweinfurt’s ball-bearing production and severely damaged industrial, railroad, and urban areas. By Barrett Tillman any know of the initial an industrial city in Southeastern Ger- achieved. When Col. Curtis LeMay Eighth Air Force raid on many, accounted for more than 40 took his B-17 group to Britain in 1942, Schweinfurt, Germany’s, percent of the nation’s ball-bearing he found that no more than 20 percent ball-bearing factories. production; nearly three times the of bombs struck within five miles of Fewer are aware of the next-biggest producer, Stuttgart. the target. Msecond strike, on Oct. 14, 1943. To Schweinfurt was one of only two cit- The lack of adequate fighter escort its survivors, the mission came to be ies below 100,000 in population among didn’t help. In the prewar era, Air known as “Black Thursday.” the joint command’s top thirty targets; Corps doctrine focused on bomb- Even before World War II began, the other being Bitterfeld’s chemical er self-defense, since there were no the US Army Air Corps had created plants. fighters with enough range to escort a target list for a potential strategic The Casablanca Conference in Jan- the bombers. This led to the heavily bombing campaign in Europe, should uary 1943 formalized allied bombing armed B-17 Flying Fortress. A few years one be needed. Besides obvious ob- strategy, with major goals of destroying earlier, British Prime Minister Stanley jectives such as transport netorks, air- or interdicting Germany’s military, Baldwin intoned, “The bomber will craft factories and petroleum, a prime industrial, and economic systems; un- always get through.” potential choke point seemed to be dermining enemy morale; and destroy- The Anglo-American Combined Germany’s sophisticated ball-bearing ing Luftwaffe aircraft production. The Bomber Offensive, formulated in production. ball-bearing industry was specifically May 1943, put more emphasis on sin- The “anti-friction” industry was vi- designated “a complementary target.” gle-point failures like ball bearings. tal to nearly every wartime product In 1943 the Army Air Forces (re- That set the stage for two epic mis- including aircraft, vehicles, and instru- named from the Air Corps in June sions against Schweinfurt’s four big- ments. For example, a typical aircraft 1941) was committed to the prewar gest plants. engine used more than 1,000 bearings; doctrine of daylight precision bom- an 88 mm flak gun had 47; and a 200 bardment. “Precision” was a relative SCHWEINFURT I AND II cm searchlight needed 90. term, despite the vaunted “pickle bar- The first Schweinfurt mission had In 1941, Britain’s Ministry of Eco- rel” accuracy of the Norden bombsight. been complex, ambitious, and near- nomic Warfare identified ball bearings In truth, the AAF was delighted if ly disastrous. On Aug. 17, 1943—the as a vital component of the Reich’s half the ordnance struck within 1,000 anniversary of the first US bombing manufacturing industry. Schweinfurt, feet of the aimpoint—a goal seldom mission over Germany—Eighth Air

 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM Force launched a dual strike against Schweinfurt and Regensburg, with two task forces intending to split defenses 110 miles apart. Bad weather kept the Schwein- furt-dedicated bombers of the pincer from getting off the ground in time, but the Regensburg groups launched on time. The plan called for a landing in Tunisia. Of the 376 bombers launched, the “Mighty Eighth” lost 60, and 50 more— though they made it back—were se- verely damaged; some beyond repair. The 16 percent loss rate was four times what the AAF could sustain, with 564 fliers killed or captured. The Luftwaffe lost only 51 planes defending both targets, claiming 52 bombers and five Allied fighters—an uncommonly accurate assessment. Two months later the Mighty Eighth tried again. Brig. Gen. Curtis LeMay (r), commander of Eighth Air Force, speaks with Col. “Schweinfurt II” was a maximum Frederick Castle and Lt. Col. Elliott Vandevanter after the second Schweinfurt raid effort but many groups were hard- in 1943. pressed to make their quota. Some were still recovering from recent strain planes at 9:10 a.m. and started engines turn back. The 56th and 353rd Fighter and attrition. The 95th Bomb Group at an hour later. After 10 minutes to warm Groups kept their rendezvous with the Horham near the English Channel had up the Wright Cyclones, squadrons be- “big friends” and claimed 13 kills, but logged a rough one, four days previous- gan taxiing at 10:20 a.m. with the lead the 4th Group was foiled by weather. ly over Munster, leaving just 18 aircraft element lifting off 15 minutes later. From bases near the Dutch bor- operational. That wasn’t unusual: the The survivors returned at 5:07 der, Jagdgeschwader 3 intercepted the Eighth had lost nearly 90 bombers in p.m.—an eight-hour work day char- bombers as they crossed the Belgian three previous missions. One group’s acterized by galling fear, lethal danger, coast, giving up seven Bf 109s for a P-47 flight surgeon confided, “morale is the numbing cold, and enduring courage. and two other Thunderbolts wrecked. lowest that has yet been observed.” The 1st and 3rd Air Divisions flew Top score with a double was the 353rd Nonetheless, the aerial “second parallel tracks southeast from the En- Group’s Capt. Walter Beckham, des- front” against Germany proceeded glish coast with the 1st about 20 miles tined for 18 victories, a POW camp, apace. Eighth Bomber Command at to the north. Col. Budd J. Peaslee led and a physics doctorate. High Wycombe, northwest of London, the 1st Division, flying as a copilot with At the time, no P-38 groups were planned to put 360 B-17s and 60 B-24 the 92nd BG. operational, so the P-47 “Jugs” left the Liberators over Schweinfurt for a sec- Meanwhile, the 2nd Division sent 21 big planes on their own still an hour ond go, but that was wildly optimistic. Liberators over the North Seas feinting from bombs away. The command’s operations officer, toward Emden; the intended diversion Over the Netherlands, the battle in- Brig. Gen. Orvil A. Anderson, issued a proved unsuccessful. tensified as elements of two Luftwaffe statement for crew briefings: “This air wings slammed into the task force. operation today is the most import- FEET DRY The 305th Group was shot out of the ant ... yet conducted in this war. The Four miles high, typically the B-17s sky, as Focke-Wulf Fw 190s of JG.1 and target must be destroyed. It is of vital approached German airspace at an JG.26 hacked down 13 of Chelveston’s importance to the enemy. Your friends airspeed of about 220 mph. P-47 Thun- 15 B-17s. and comrades that have been lost and derbolts and British Spitfires escorted Bomber crews reported the en route that will be lost today are depending them as far as possible, but it was weather as “awful.” Of the 351st Group’s on you. Their sacrifice must not be in nowhere near far enough. 18 bombers, 10 took off and bombed, vain. Good luck, good shooting, and The Luftwaffe response was massive. while eight were weather aborts. Six good bombing.” Nearly every fighter unit in Western returned to base and three landed Though understrength, Mission Europe—seven fighter divisions— elsewhere. 115 launched sixteen bomb groups came up to meet the bombers. There The 3rd Division doglegged straight totaling 291 Flying Fortresses against were nine single-engine fighter wings, south just east of the Belgian border Schweinfurt, more than 450 miles from two twin-engine fighter wings, six night for 60 miles, then turned hard left over the English coast. Approximately 20 fighter wings, and two bomb wings. Luxembourg for a straight 180-mile B-24s also participated in the primary Additionally, at least four fighter train- run to Schewinfurt. The dodge was mission. ing wings also launched sorties. largely successful, as the 3rd escaped At Polebrook, the 351st BG’s sched- The P-47s hung in until they neared heavy fighter attention until well into

ule was typical. Crews boarded their Aachen, when low fuel forced them to German airspace. Air Museum American Photos: USAF/AFA;

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM crews fired nearly every .50-caliber round on board. Nevertheless, the Jag- dwae pressed through streams of ar- mor-piercing incendiaries to get at the Viermots. Feldwebel (Sergeant) Wolfgang Brun- ner, an Fw 190 pilot, reported intercept- ing the Americans near Koblenz, 120 miles west of Schweinfurt: “One Boeing B-17 shot from forma- tion from 7,200 meters at [1:55 p.m]. “At [1:47 p.m.] we sighted two escort- ed US heavy bomber Verbande (groups) ying southeast at 7,200-7,500 meters. Because of the escort we were com- pelled to drop our tanks, but that of my Rottenfuhrer (ight leader) would not drop away. After a brief delay he ordered me to attack alone. As a result, I closed The Kugelfischer plant in Schweinfurt, Germany, after being destroyed by upon three Fw 190s ying at the same American bombers in the devastating raid. height as the rst enemy pulk (bunch) and with them attacked the rst pulk of Flak was “spotty, meager, and inac- the Verbande ying on the right, which curate” during the ingress, becoming comprised ve Boeings ying alone in “moderate and fairly accurate at the close formation. e attacks were car- target,” one crew reported. ried out from the left and right sides. I e 303rd Group was typical, launch- attacked the last of these from the left ing 20 aircraft from Molesworth, Cam- side to an angle of 30 degrees from bridgeshire, with two aborts. Gunners behind. I saw hits in the fuselage and expended nearly 100,000 rounds of .50 tail and saw the vertical tail break up. caliber to claim 24 interceptors downed. “After I pulled away, I saw the Boe- Mission 115 turned into a running ing sheer away from the pulk and drop reght lasting three hours, fteen min- below. I had to depart, owing to low utes. e defenders lofted 882 ghter ammunition and fuel. Final destruc- sorties with 675 attacking US formations. tion was obtained by JG.26.” Germany’s practiced radar controllers Of the 291 bombers dispatched, 37 vectored three-quarters of their airborne had aborted, leaving 254 crossing the interceptors onto the bomber stream. coast into occupied Europe. En route As LeMay noted, all too frequently the attrition reduced effective sorties to ghter “escorts” bore black crosses on 222 bombers striking their briefed their wings. A 100th BG ier said, “No numbers than all previous versions targets. need to consider aircraft identication combined (3,400 from Boeing, Douglas, Visibility improved near the tar- of those little spiteful creatures because and Vega, versus 650 previously). at get, allowing navigators to confirm they all meant us harm.” e single-en- October, the B-17G was brand-new in their approaches and bombardiers to gine ghters were persistent and ag- theater, distinct with its chin-mounted spot their aimpoints. The two bomber gressive. Many attacked the bombers two-gun turret controlled by the bom- tracks merged over Schweinfurt for head-on, some slow-rolling in their bardier. It was a belated response to the an 18-minute aerial deluge between gunnery passes, stopping inverted for a Luftwae’s head-on tactic that avoided 2:39 p.m. to 2:57 p.m. In the 303rd BG, last burst before departing in a split-S. the Flying Forts’ heaviest repower—to bombing from 24,000 feet, each B-17 ough some bomber men considered the sides and rear. At least one G model dropped three half-ton general-pur- the tactic merely showboating, it made from the 305th fell near Cologne. pose bombs and five incendiaries on good sense: the ghters maintained While 109s and 190s often attacked the V.K.F Ball Bearing Plant. positive G in their breakaway, exiting from ahead, the twin-engine Zerstorer Then the bombers exited to the on the same course as the bombers so (“destroyers”) settled astern. Gauging south for the return, intending to coast they could make another try. the range carefully, Me 110s lobbed out near Boulogne. e 41st Wing crews counted some 55 mm rockets into the US formations 300 ghter passes in 90 minutes of sus- from 500 to 600 meters, connecting STRUGGLING HOME tained action. Germans mostly attacked occasionally. However, the Americans got little from astern; one report noting “rocket On his fourth mission, a 384th Group respite on the egress as some German guns were experienced.” navigator, Lt. Carl Abele said, “ e ght- ghter groups ew far from their bases ers were unrelenting; it was simply in the Netherlands and northern Ger- ENTER THE B  G murder.” many. 1st Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader Until then, the B-17 F model had been Each B-17 carried about 7,500 rounds 2 ew 180 miles to the 3rd Division’s dominant. It was produced in greater of machine gun ammunition, and some outbound track.

 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM The B-17 El Rauncho crash-landed in England on return from the first Schweinfurt raid on Aug. 17, 1943.

Generalleutnant Adolf Galland, beyond repair. All told, a horrific total But Speer and his minions had op- commanding Germany’s day fight- loss of 72 bombers. Of the remain- tions. ey increased imports, espe- ers, wrote, “We were able to break der, about three-quarters bore battle cially from Sweden and shifted to slide up several bomber formations and damage. bearings where possible. From 1937 to destroy them almost completely. Aircrew gunnery claims were typ- through to 1942, Sweden provided an The approach and return routes were ically extravagant; understandable average 57 percent of Germany’s bear- marked by the wreckage of shot-down with multiple B-17s often engaging ings (subsequent years lack full data). aircraft.” the same fighters. The original figure Sweden also sold bearings to Britain. Some of the fallen Flying Forts had was an unrealistic 288, reduced to 186 e Germans braced for the seem- strayed far afield. A 305th BG bomber, “confirmed” fighters downed. ingly inevitable third blow, but it did Lazy Baby, landed wheels up in Swit- In fact, the Luftwaffe lost 53 aircraft not come. zerland. Far in the opposite direction, with 29 aircrew killed or missing and Speer recalled, “ e enemy—to our another Chelveston aircraft was shot 20 wounded. astonishment—once again ceased his down near Hamburg, apparently try- attacks on the ball-bearing industry. ing to make it to Sweden. AFTERMATH … e Allies threw away success when Even nearly home, losses contin- The cold comfort for the severe it was already in their hands. Had they ued. Almost out of fuel, the 303rd BG losses was that the B-17s apparently continued the attacks with the same crew of the battle-damaged Cat-O- inflicted severe damage on Schwein- energy, we would quickly have been Nine Tails bailed out over England. All furt. In some of the best bombing yet at our last gasp.” fliers landed within four miles of the seen over Europe, 1st Division’s 91st Both Schweinfurt missions had long- crash, in a Risley resident’s backyard. Group scored the most hits on the term eects on Eighth Air Force op- Paper Doll of the 96th Group, three target. erations and morale. e Fall of 1943 months old, returned with a dead pilot The 351st’s lead bombardier, Capt. was a grim period, when statistically it and badly wounded copilot. The nav- Harvey D. Wallace, put all his own seemed impossible to complete a com- igator was Lt. Miles McFann, a prewar ordnance inside the desired 1,000-foot bat tour: four percent attrition over 25 private pilot who got her down at an circle around the aimpoint. But the missions was considered acceptable. RAF field. He recalled, “We could Eighth’s youngest bomb group, the After Schweinfurt II, the Eighth rolled have bailed out, instead of risking a 390th, showed the veterans how it was back its deep-penetration missions for crash-landing. I suppose a lot of fel- done: their aircraft placed 51 percent awhile, but help was close at hand: e lows wouldn’t want to take a chance of their bombs inside the 1,000-foot rst long-legged P-51 Mustang groups on having a navigator act as pilot, but circle. It was all the more impressive went operational starting in December. they weren’t sticking because of their because the lead aircraft’s autopilot The Mighty Eighth did return to confidence in me. They all knew that had gone haywire, forcing the crew to Schewinfurt, but only ve times be- [Lt. Robert] Bolick was dead inside target manually. tween February and October 1944. e that ship, and none of us was going The AAF intelligence assessment RAF followed up the February mission to bail out and leave him in there. We was favorable, predicting a 25 percent with a night strike that caused little just wouldn’t do it.” reduction in ball bearings over the next lasting damage. Some 2,900 airmen flew the mis- three months. However, subsequent By the time ball-bearing production sion, of whom 648 were listed killed, analysis was less optimistic, noting became a problem for Nazi Germany wounded, or missing in action; a the heaviest concentration of bombs in late 1944, it was too late to matter: staggering 18 percent casualty rate. hit between the buildings, though rail Allied bombing of oil and transport sys- The 1st Division took the heaviest lines were impaired. tems proved more eective in crippling losses by far: as noted, the 305th BG Albert Speer, Germany’s production the ird Reich’s industry. J wrote off 13 bombers while the 306th genius, was quick to react. Despite lost 12. In contrast, the entire 3rd Di- downed phone lines, he spoke with Barrett Tillman is an award-winning his- vision lost 15. a plant manager who reported that, torian who has written 50 books, including Eighth Bomber Command listed beyond blast damage, the oil baths Forgotten Fifteenth: The Daring Airmen Who 60 Flying Forts missing, plus five that ignited serious fires. Schweinfurt’s Crippled Hitler’s War Machine. His most crashed in England, with seven writ- ball-bearing production plummeted recent article for Air Force Magazine was

ten off as “Category E,” or damaged to 23 percent of the previous figure. “Hard Targets,” in the February 2015 issue. Air Museum American Photos: AFA/USAAF;

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H AIRFORCEMAG.COM  AFA VICE CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD, FIELD OPERATIONS F. Gavin MacAloon, Tyndall AFB, nominees Fla., nominated for Vice Chairman of the Board for Field Operations for a third one-year 2018-2019 term. A Life Member, Mac- Candidates for national oƒ ice Aloon joined AFA in 1984. He and the Board of Directors. has been the Central East Re- The Air Force Association Nominating Committee met on May 5 and gion President selected candidates to send forward for National Officer positions and and served on National Director positions on the Board of Directors. The Committee the Field Coun- consists of three past Chairmen of the Board, one person selected by each cil as Chairman of the e-Business of the two Vice Chairmen of the Board, two persons representing each and the Emerging Leader Program geographic area, and one person each representing the Total Air Force, Air Subcommittees. He is a founding Force veterans, and aerospace industry constituencies. The slate of candi- member of AFA’s Wounded Airman dates will be presented to the delegates at the AFA National Convention in Program. He served on the nation- National Harbor, Md., in September. al-level Nominating Committee as Supervisor of Elections and in several State and Chapter o ces, including CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD ceived the W. Stuart Symington Award Vice President for Fund-raising for F. Whitten Peters, Washington, in 1999 and the DOD Distinguished the Virginia state AFA and President D.C., nominated for Chairman of the Public Service medal three times. He of the Donald W. Steele Sr. Memori- Board for a third one-year term. A Life is the  rst Secretary of the Air Force al Chapter. He has received an AFA Member, Peters to hold the Order of the Sword. Peters joined AFA after earned a bachelor’s degree from becoming Un- Harvard University in government, a VICE CHAIRMAN OF THE dersecretary of master’s degree in economics from the BOARD, AEROSPACE the Air Force, a London School of Economics, and a EDUCATION position he held juris doctor degree from Harvard Law James T. Hannam, Burke, Va., from 1997 until School. He served in the Navy Reserve nominated for a  rst one-year term as 1999. He was as a Computer Systems Division O - Vice Chairman, Aerospace Education. subsequently cer and Company Commander. Peters Hannam earned a con rmed as the has been a member of several advisory bachelor’s degree 19th Secretary of the Air Force in 1999 organizations, including the National in engineering and served in that position until 2001. Commission on the Structure of the science from the Before then, he was DOD Principal Air Force, the Defense Science Board, United States Air Deputy General Counsel. Peters was and the presidential advisory Commis- Force Academy, appointed as an AFA National Director sion on the Future of the United States a master’s degree  ve times beginning in October 2008. Aerospace Industry. He has been on the in applied He served on AFA’s national-level Ex- Board of Trustees for the Air Force Aid mechanics from ecutive Committee and Development Society, the Air Force Academy’s Falcon Stanford University, and a master of Committee and received the AFA Foundation, and the Air Force Enlisted business administration from Auburn Chairman’s Citation in 2016. Peters re- Village. Peters is a Lawyer. University. He was a  ghter pilot with 100 combat missions over North Vietnam in F-105  underchiefs. He also  ew F-4 Phantoms in Southeast Asia and Europe and F-16 Falcons in Europe. He served as an Assistant Professor in Engineering Mechanics

 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  ★ WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM Chairman’s Citation, an Exceptional Service Award, a Medal of Merit, and numerous awards from the region, state, and chapter, most notably the 2012 Virginia Member of the Year. Mac- Aloon earned a bachelor’s degree in psychology from Southeast Missouri NATIONAL SECRETARY and Board Chair, AFA Utah Indus- State University and a master’s de- Richard W. “Rick” Hartle, Layton, trial Associates VP, and Ute-Rocky gree in administration from Central Utah, current appointed incumbent, Mountain Chapter President. He has Michigan University. He served in the nominated for a full one-year term as received a national-level Medal of Air Force for 22 years primarily as a National Sec- Merit, the AFA Utah State Presidential Master Air Battle Manager on AWACS retary. An AFA Citation, and the Utah AEF Excep- and Airborne Battle eld Command member since tional Service Award. He and his wife, and Control Center aircraft. Mac- 1998, Hartle Amy, are AFA  underbird Society Aloon also served on the Air Sta , has served AFA members. His community involve- gaining leadership, management, on the national ment includes board positions with and acquisition experience. Along level as a Na- the Utah Defense Alliance, Strategic with extensive AFA involvement, he tional Director Deterrent Coalition, and the Top of is a member of the Association of Old at Large from Utah Military A airs Committee. Crows, Military O cers Association 2011 to 2014 Hartle earned a bachelor’s degree of America, and Veterans of Foreign and 2017 to 2018. He currently chairs in electrical engineering from New Wars. MacAloon retired after a second the Audit Committee, has chaired Mexico State University and complet- career with an aerospace defense the Development Committee, and ed National Defense University and company and is now a business served on the Strategic Planning and Boeing Leadership Center courses in development consultant and a Senior Transition Constitution Committees. management, business development, Acquisition Analyst at the Air Force Life Member Hartle has been the nance, and leadership. Hartle is Civil Engineering Center (AFCEC) at Utah State President, Utah Aerospace retired from a 35-year career with an Tyndall AFB, Fla. Education Foundation President aerospace contractor. and as a Flying/Soaring Instructor at US NATIONAL TREASURER volunteer and civic organization work Air Force Academy, in Europe as Wing Steven R. Lundgren, Fairbanks, includes the Alaskan Command Ci- Director of Operations, IG Director Alaska, nominated for a third one- vilian Advisory Board, the American of Inspection, and Aviano Group year term as National Treasurer. An Bankers Association (ABA) Commu- Commander, and on the TAC and Air AFA member for nity Bankers Council, the Fairbanks Sta s in Fighter Requirements, retiring more than 30 Economic Development Corporation as a Colonel. After Air Force retirement years, Lundgren Board, and the Greater Fairbanks he worked in business development. was AFA Na- Chamber of Commerce Board. He is He is a member of the Red River Valley tional Treasurer Vice Chairman of the Alaska Com- Fighter Pilots Association, MOAA, and from 2005 to mittee for the Employer Support of Daedalians. An AFA Member since 2010. He serves the Guard and Reserve program. 1976, Hannam serves on the Executive as AFA Alaska Lundgren, who was President of the Committee of the D.W. Steele Chapter, State Treasurer. Alaska Bankers Association 2015- and previously as Steele Chapter Lundgren has 16, earned a bachelor’s degree in President, Virginia State Secretary, been a Northwest Region President business administration from Oregon Central East Region President, Director and served on the national-level Fi- State University and has attended AFA Board of Directors, Long-Range nance, Audit, and Executive Commit- ABA professional-school courses. Planning Committee, Chairman Strategic tees. He received AFA’s Member of the Lundgren began his career in banking Planning Committee, and for the many Year Award in 2011 and was awarded in 1978 and is President and CEO of a years, Vice Chairman, Aerospace a Presidential Citation in 2003. His community bank in Fairbanks. Education Council. AFA Awards include Medal of Merit, Exceptional Service Award, President’s and Chairman’s Awards, and AFA Member of the Year.

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  ★ WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM  NATIONAL DIRECTOR AT LARGE Gerald R. Murray, South Ogden, He earned a bachelor’s degree in e Nominating Committee submits Utah, joined AFA in 1996, becoming a business administration from Saint Leo three names for National Director at Life Member in 2002. Murray served 29 University and an associate’s of applied Large. Two will be elected for a three- years in the Air science in aircraft systems maintenance year term. Force, culmi- technology from the Community nating as the College of the Air Force. Murray has Michael J. “Mike” Liquori, highest ranking received the Air Force Distinguished Spring eld, Mass., an AFA Life noncommis- Service Medal, a Bronze Star Medal, Member since 2000. He received his sioned ocer in Defense Meritorious Sevice Medal, bachelor’s degree USAF, the 14th four AF Meritorious Service Medals, in mathematics Chief Master and three AF Commendation Medals. from Boston Sergeant of the Additionally, he was the 1991 recipient University and a Air Force. Prior, of the Air Force Gen. Lew Allen Trophy. master’s degree he performed various duties in aircraft He has volunteered as an AFA Emerging in managerial maintenance and logistics with the Leader Mentor, with the AFA Focus on economics from F-4, F-16, and A-10 aircraft, and as a Defense Forum, and with the Top of University of command chief master sergeant at Utah Military Aairs Committee. Oklahoma. He wing, numbered air force, and major Murray currently serves on the served on Active command levels. Murray’s previous USAA Board of Directors, the Air Duty for 12 years and was assigned AFA involvement has been as Nation- Force Association National Board to AFROTC Det. 159, University of al Director, Membership Committee, of Directors, the Air Force Museum Central Florida. He was the detach- Chapter 331 President, Force Capabili- Foundation Board of Trustees, and the ment’s single point of contact for the ties Advisory Group, and as the Georgia Air Force Enlisted Village Development local chapter’s scholarship program as and Utah State Delegate. Council. well as the AFA Gala and Air War- fare Symposium. He also served the Steven A. Roser, Keller, Texas, an Division in Huntsville, Ala. Prior to this Martin H. Harris Chapter as Executive AFA member since 1986, is the Pres- position, Roser was Regional Manager Vice President and President for two ident and CEO of a consulting com- supporting Air Mobility Command. His years each and as AFA Gala chairman pany. Prior to assuming this position, education includes a bachelor’s degree for three years. Liquori was selected he was the Vice in political science and two masters as an AFA Emerging Leader and has President of degrees: one in international relations been a member of the Field Council Marketing for a from Webster University and one from for three years, serving on the Advo- leading provider Washington University in St Louis. He cacy Subcommitte for two of them. of innovative graduated from advanced programs at Liquori received an AFA Medal of products and Carnegie Mellon University and Har- Merit, Exceptional Service Award, systems solu- vard. He is also a graduate of the Air and a Chairman’s Citation. He has tions for the de- Command and Sta College and the continued to serve as an Individual fense, homeland National War College. Steve Roser is a Mobilization Augmentee in the Air security, commercial aviation, and retired United States Air Force Briga- Force Reserve for 12-plus years and medical instrumentation markets. He dier General. He served 29 years in the also works for a land development has also served as the Vice President of Air Force and held numerous com- company in Orlando, Fla. Business Development for a Defense mand and sta positions. He retired and Aerospace Systems technology from USAF in October 1999.

NATIONAL DIRECTOR, the Utah AFA former military members though WEST AREA Secretary. He the e-mentor program. During the e Nominating Committee submits was awarded the winter months he also volunteers as one name for National Director, West AFA’s Chair- a ski guide/host at Powder Mountain Area, for a three-year term. man’s Citation, Resort. George earned a bachelor’s Exceptional degree in political science from the Robert E. “Bob” George, Ogden, Service Award, University of Nebraska in Lincoln and Utah, an AFA member since 1972 and Medal of Merit a master’s degree in business finance a Life Member since 1978. George and several from Webster University in St. Louis. has served on the Strategic Planning State awards. He served 28 years in the Air Force, Committee and the Nominating Com- In addition to retiring in 2000. Since then he has mittee. He served as Rocky Mountain his AFA duties, George volunteered worked for three defense contractors Region President, State (Utah) Pres- for nine years as finance chair for his and in 2012 became a founding owner ident, and served the Northern Utah church, six years as a member of the of an engineering services company Chapter as Secretary, Vice President, Top of Utah Military Affairs Commit- where he serves as the Vice President and President. He currently serves as tee, and has helped several retiring/ for Operations. J

 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ 5 1 1 3 3 5 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 7 7 7 4 4 4 4 ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ 1 1 3 3 8 8 8 8 7 7

7 7 13 10 ⁄8 10 ⁄8 13 3 10 ⁄16 10 ⁄16 3 10 ⁄4 10 ⁄4

1 1 10 ⁄2 10 ⁄2

U.S. A CUSTOM CRAFTED EXCLUSIVE FROM THE BRADFORD EXCHANGE Air Force™ LEATHER AVIATOR JACKET

SLEEVES EMBLAZONED WITH 4 VINTAGE-LOOK PATCHES

AVAILABLE IN 5 MEN’S SIZES M TO XXXL GOLD-TONED METAL PLAQUE EMBOSSED WITH AIR FORCE™ ON FRONT AIM HIGH IN AIR FORCE™ STYLE

Those who put on the uniform of the U.S. Air Force™ put Service Before pockets, two interior pockets, cuffs with snaps, knit hem, comfortable Self! Now, there’s a comfortably stylish way to display Air Force™ pride. quilted woven lining and a convenient hanging loop on the back. Introducing our custom designed U.S. Air Force™ Leather Aviator Jacket. EXCEPTIONAL VALUE… SATISFACTION GUARANTEED With our custom-designed distressed leather jacket in dark brown, With its custom design and quality craftsmanship, this leather bomber we’ve captured the look of a vintage bomber jacket down to the last jacket is a remarkable value at $299.95*, payable in 5 easy installments Price detail. The first thing that you’ll notice are the sleeves, both decorated of $59.99 each. Your purchase is backed by our unconditional, 30-day J with a total of 4 replica patches representing the legacy that unites guarantee. To order yours in 5 men’s sizes, M-XXXL, send no money all airmen. On the front, a gold-toned metal plaque is handsomely now; just return the Priority Reservation. Don’t delay… order today! Logo & embossed with “AIR FORCE™”. *For information on sales tax you may owe to your state, go to bradfordexchange.com/use-tax Address The custom styling includes a detachable faux shearling collar, two J front-zip breast pockets, two front flap pockets with additional side-entry bradfordexchange.com/29363 Job Code TMDepartment of the Air Force. Of cially Licensed Product of the Air Force (www.airforce.com) ©2018 The Bradford Exchange 01-29363-001-BIB J PRIORITY RESERVATION SEND NO MONEY NOW Signature Tracking Code 9345 Milwaukee Avenue · Niles, IL 60714-1393 Mrs. Mr. Ms. Name (Please Print Clearly) J YES. Please reserve the U.S. Air Force™ Leather Aviator Jacket for me as described in this announcement in the size indicated. Address Yellow TÃMedium (38-40) 01-29363-011 TÃXL (46-48) 01-29363-013 Snipe TÃLarge (42-44) 01-29363-012 T XXL (50-52) 01-29363-014 City State Zip J T XXXL (54-56) 01-29363-015 ©Agnew 2015. Al Agnew® is a Email *Plus a total of $19.99 www.bradfordexchange.com/wolfhoodieshipping and service (see bradfordexchange.com). Please allow 2-4 weeks registeredafter trademark of The Al Shipping initial payment for shipment. All sales are subject to product availability and order acceptance. E61011 Agnew collection Trust. Service J

1 1 10 ⁄2 10 ⁄2

3 3 10 ⁄4 13 13 10 ⁄4 10 ⁄16 7 7 10 ⁄16 10 ⁄8 10 ⁄8

B_I_V = Live Area: 7 x 9.75, 1 Page, Installment, Vertical updated 6.22.2018 4 4 4 4 ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ 8 8 1 3 1 3 PUBLICATION MUST MATCH CODES TO INSERTION ORDER. 8 7 8 7 8 8 8 8 ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ 8 ⁄ 8 8 8 ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ 3 1 5 7 5 1 3 7 8 8 7 7 7 8 8 7 NEVER GUTTER THE COUPON.

01_29363_001_BIB.indd 1 8/7/18 3:30 PM Verbatim [email protected] By Robert S. Dudney

AI Race, Take 1 Force Heather Wilson, Washington Post excuse to throw America’s weight about “If you are not first in developing artificial event, July 25. wherever it wants. It is a distortion and a intelligence and the means to employ it, ... downright abuse of international law into you’re going to be last, because catch-up Operation Frostbite the ‘freedom to run amok’. ... Peace, like air in this arena, with disruptive technologies, “The warning lights are blinking red. and sunshine, is hardly noticed when peo- is too hard and it’s [moving] too fast.”—Lt. Think about New England in January, ple are benefiting from it, but no one can Gen. VeraLinn Jamieson, Air Force and the [electric] grid going down for live without it. China respects and supports deputy chief of sta for ISR, c4isrnet. three days. A lot of people are going to freedom of navigation in the South China com, Aug. 1. su‰er and die.”—Dan Coats, director of Sea according to international law, but National Intelligence, warning of the freedom of navigation is not the freedom to AI Race, Take 2 growing foreign cyber threat to the run amok.”—Ambassador Liu Xiaoming, “Research institutes, universities, pri- US power grid, quoted in fifthdomain. Chinese ambassador to Britain, op-ed vate companies, and the government—all com, July 24. in The Guardian, June 27. working together in a broad area. ... I have not seen anything like it. China is Focus on the Fight ISIS at the Little Bighorn committed to becoming leader in AI, and “No, I do not believe that we should “What we ... expect to encounter is a the US will lose because they don’t have have a separate Space Force. ... What ex- hard core of ISIS fighters ... who have been the resources.”—Associate Prof. Steven actly is the problem that we are trying to digging in and preparing their battle space, White, Tsinghua University School of solve? ... If warfighting focus is your issue, holding civilians as human shields, and Economics and Management, in Asia. Space Force is not your answer. A military we fully expect to see a high proportion nikkei.com, July 25. service trains, organizes, and equips, it of foreign terrorist fighters who represent doesn’t war-fight. The combatant com- some of the biggest threats to our nations. Chapman, Medal of Honor mands do the war-fight. I would support ... This is going to be a challenging fight. “His inspiring story is one of selfless a full-up, unified command, so it would ... It’s a densely populated area. ... It’s a service, courage, perseverance, and honor be the equivalent of a Stratcom. I would hard core of fighters. ... It is one of the last as he fought side by side with his fellow sol- certainly support that going forward to areas that they hold. ... We think the fight diers and sailors against a determined and focus solely on space. ... That would really to dislodge them from that area is going to dug-in enemy. TSgt. Chapman represents be the ticket for solving the problem that be di‰icult.”—British Army Maj. Gen. Felix all that is good, all that is right, and all that everyone is mostly focused on.”—Deborah Gedney, deputy commander of strate- is best in our American airmen.”—Gen. Lee James, former Secretary of the Air gy and support, Combined Joint Task David L. Goldfein, USAF Chief of Sta, Force (2013-17), Brookings Institution Force-Operation Inherent Resolve, on July 27 statement on award of Medal seminar, July 30. final battle with ISIS in Syria, Pentagon of Honor to John Chapman, a combat press briefing, July 31. controller killed in battle against an Warning Shot overwhelming number of Taliban on “Never, ever threaten the United States Back to Squadrons Takur Gar Mountain in Afghanistan in again or you will su‰er consequences the “Over the past 17 years we, like all the 2002. Chapman died trying to rescue likes of which few throughout history have services, made changes and trades ... to a stranded teammate. ever su‰ered before.”—President Donald ensure we can support the fight against J. Trump, public message to Iranian violent extremism. ... Across every wing We’ll Shoot Back President Hassan Rouhani, posted on in the United States Air Force, some per- “Satellites are really pretty fragile things. Twitter, July 22. centage of that wing is gone all the time. We have to think now about how we defend Airmen continue rotating into a very mature the constellation, and it’s not always just By Suicide, You Mean? fight, that has mature infrastructure, basing, direct defense. It may be that we distribute “You will start this war, but we will be the command and control. All that has been a network; if you have multiple nodes, ones to impose its end. Therefore, you have in place for a number of years. I’m able it’s inherently more resilient. ... Some of it to be careful about insulting the Iranian to take ... individual airmen, train them up, may be maneuverability. Some of it may people and the president of our republic. and send them in. ... I don’t believe that is be deception. So there’s a variety of ways You know our power in the region and our going to work in the next conflict. I may to make sure that the United States can capabilities in asymmetric war. We will act need to take whole units, led by a squad- take a punch and keep on operating. ... and we will work.”—Maj. Gen. Qassem ron commander, send them forward into The United States is determined to pro- Suleimani, head of Iran’s Quds Force, a contested environment, ... cut o‰ from ... tect our capability on orbit. We’re going reply to President Trump, July 26. higher headquarters, ... in a di‰erent kind to defend ourselves and we’re developing of fight. ... We fight like we train, and I need the capability to do that. ... Our adversaries Running Amok them ready to go forward tomorrow.”— listen to what I say, and I want them to “The US ‘Freedom of Navigation’ pro- Gen. David L. Goldfein, USAF Chief have no doubt that, if they seek to con- gram should not be confused with freedom of Sta, commenting on the need to test the United States in space, we will of navigation that is universally recognized strenghthen USAF combat squadrons, defend ourselves.”—Secretary of the Air under international law. The former is an airforcetimes.com, July 31.

 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  H WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM Airmen Taking Care of Airmen “This program doesn’t just change lives, it saves them as well.” Jimmy, Air Force Wounded Warrior

Powered by: Photos by MSgt David Long To help us save lives, donate at www.afa.org/wap

AIR FORCE ASSOCIATION AFA is proud to cultivate tomorrow’s leaders through our Aerospace Education and STEM programs. We encourage students and teachers alike to aim high and be the best they can be.

Generously Sponsored By

To learn more about our programs and sponsorship opportunities, visit AFA.org/education

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  ★ AIRFORCEMAG.COM  Namesakes

2

3

1/ 1st Lt. John L. Goodfellow Jr. 2/ Airmen 1 march past a static display at Goodfellow AFB, Texas. 3/ Goodfellow flew in the Salmson 2A2 observation aircraft.

JOHN JAMES GOODFELLOW JR. GOODFELLOW Born: May 17, 1895, Fort Worth, Texas Died: Sept. 14, 1918 (KIA), Thiaucourt, France An Army Airman Forsees His Death College: Univerity of Texas Occupation: US military o­ icer By Sept. 8, 1918, 1st Lt. John J. Goodfellow war on the Central Powers, and everything Services: US Army (Air Service) Jr. had overflown No Man’s Land many changed. Goodfellow, though still a junior, Main Era: World War I times. He wrote to his sister on that day, decided to leave UT and join the war e— ort. Years Active: 1917-1918 noting a premonition of death, that he was He was one of 200 Texas students who en- Combat: Western Front, Europe “a marked man.” listed in the Army en masse on May 5, 1917. Final Grade: First Lieutenant Honors: Purple Heart, World War I Victory Medal (both His prediction came true in six days. Goodfellow’s first stop was infantry o— icer awarded posthumously) On Sept. 14, the Army Air Service aviator training camp near Austin (also there: Lt. Buried: St. Mihiel American Cemetery and Memorial, mounted a reconnaissance mission deep Dwight D. Eisenhower and Lt. Walton H. France into German-held territory, was shot down, Walker). Goodfellow was granted a transfer and perished. into Army aviation. GOODFELLOW AIR FORCE BASE Goodfellow had just turned 23. He was The young Texan aced pilot training and State: Texas the first Texas-born Army pilot to die in the was commissioned a second lieutenant in Nearest City: San Angelo Great War. His was the sad story of youth February 1918, after which he immediately Area of Main Base: 1.9 Sq mi./1,235 acres sacrificed on the Western Front, but his story left for England as an observation pilot with Status: Open, operational was not ordinary. the US 24th Aero Squadron. Opened as San Angelo Field: Aug. 17, 1940 Goodfellow, the son of an engineer, was On Aug. 22, Goodfellow’s squadron joined Renamed Goodfellow Field: June 11, 1941 born and raised in Fort Worth at a time when First Army Observation Group at Gondreville, Inactivated (by Army): May 1, 1947 memories of Comanche raids were fresh. In France, in preparation for the St. Mihiel of- Re-activated (by USAF): Dec. 1, 1947 1909, he and his family moved to the West fensive. He made almost daily trips over and Renamed Goodfellow Air Force Base: Jan. 13, 1948 Texas town of San Angelo. He was a talented behind German lines. Afterward, he produced Current Owner: Air Education and Training Command football player and a musician of some note. valuable maps based on his observations. Former Owners: US Army 1940-47 (Training Command); After graduating from San Angelo High The o— ensive commenced on Sept. 12, USAF 1947-92 (Air Training Command, Air Force Security School in 1913, he worked briefly but then 1918. US pilots in lumbering Salmson 2A2s Service, Electronic Security Command) headed for the University of Texas. He flew constant reconnaissance missions. enrolled in August 1914. The Great War in Goodfellow and an observer, 1st Lt. Elliot M. The Army Air Forces in 1941 named a new Europe erupted at the same time. Durant Jr., flew deep behind the lines to Metz Texas base in honor of the San Angelo hero. Goodfellow seemed born to succeed. He to map German movements. In the early years, thousands of pilots trained was elected president of his freshman class. Goodfellow’s aircraft was jumped by five there. Today, the base is home of the 17th As a student, he made top grades and was Fokker fighters. After a furious dogfight, his Training Wing. Goodfellow’s chief mission is on his way to an engineering degree. He was aircraft—minus one wing—slammed to Earth. to train USAF cryptologic and general intelli- treasurer of his fraternity and a member of US troops who swept into the area three gence experts. In addition, the base provides the university’s Longhorn Band. days later located the remains of Goodfellow fire protection training for personnel of all ✪

Then Congress on April 6, 1917, declared and Durant in the wreckage. services. Photos: Air Service USAF; Army A1C Caelynn US Ferguson;

 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER  ★ WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM Those born to fly live to walk away.

At UTC Aerospace Systems, it’s our mission to provide safer ejections for pilots of all sizes. That’s why we equipped the ACES 5® ejection seat with advanced restraint systems, innovative technologies to stabilize the seat and better protect the head and neck during ejection, and an improved recovery parachute for safer descents. The ACES 5® ejection seat meets all 62 USAF T-X requirements, making it the best choice for the T-X and the Next Generation Ejection Seat for the A-10, F-15, F-16, F-22 and B-1. It’s advanced protection for the pilots of today and tomorrow – and just one of many ideas born to fly. utcaerospacesystems.com/aces5

IDEAS BORN TO FLY™

Visit us in Booth 623 at the AFA Air, Space & Cyber Conference Timeless Warrior Time to re-engine

Battle-tested during more than 60 years of service, the B-52 fleet has earned a re-engining to sustain its service well into the future. This critical mission needs the company that can deliver proven performance and flawless system integration. Trust GE to do it right. We’re the only ones who’ve done it for the US Air Force three times before.

geaviation.com