2.3 Reconstrucción De Rostros

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2.3 Reconstrucción De Rostros INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL CENTRO DE INNOVACION y DESARROLLO TECNOLOGICO EN COMPUTO Reconstrucción Facial Tridimensional Forense en Blender Tesis Que para obtener el grado de Maestría en Tecnología de Cómputo Presenta Ing. Rocío García Cortés Directores de tesis M. en C. Jesús A. Álvarez Cedillo Dr. José Guadalupe Trujillo Ferrara Octubre 2012. - 1 - - 2 - CARTA CESIÓN DE DERECHOS En la Ciudad de México el día 29 del mes de Octubre del año 2012, el (la) que suscribe García Cortés Rocío alumno (a) del Programa de Maestría en Tecnología de Cómputo con número de registro B101967, adscrito al Centro de Innovación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, manifiesta que es autor (a) intelectual del presente trabajo de Tesis bajo la dirección de M. en C. Jesús A. Álvarez Cedillo y el Dr. José Guadalupe Trujillo Ferrara y cede los derechos del trabajo intitulado “Reconstrucción Facial Tridimensional Forense en Blender”, al Instituto Politécnico Nacional para su difusión, con fines académicos y de investigación. Los usuarios de la información no deben reproducir el contenido textual, gráficas o datos del trabajo sin el permiso expreso del autor y/o director del trabajo. Este puede ser obtenido escribiendo a la siguiente dirección [email protected]. Si el permiso se otorga, el usuario deberá dar el agradecimiento correspondiente y citar la fuente del mismo. Rocío García Cortés - 3 - Resumen: En este trabajo se desarrolló una metodología para realizar reconstrucciones de Rostros forense tridimensional, a partir de un modelo de cráneo 3D, por medio de la herramienta de diseño Blender. El presente trabajo permite agregar detalles, especifcar texturas y personalizar e incluso cambiar el origen étnico. Se basa en el trabajo reportado por Krogman et Al, 1962. La idea principal planteada en el trabajo de Krogman radica en el empleo de triangulaciones construidas con los puntos paramétricos y han sido ampliamente documentados en la literatura por la reconstrucción forense clásica y medica. A partir de ese punto , se le dio un tratamiento gráfco para generar una reconstrucción tridimensional aproximada. Los resultados obtenidos en el método propuesto produce un modelo, que aunque no es exacto del todo, sin embargo permite evaluar un rostro aproximado para su posterior búsqueda en bases de datos policiales y médicas. - 4 - Abstract: In this work we developed a methodology for three-dimensional reconstructions of forensic Faces, from a 3D skull model, using the design tool Blender. This paper can add details, textures and personalize specify and even change ethnicity. It is based on the work reported by Krogman et Al, 1962. The main idea proposed in Krogman work lies in the use of triangulation constructed parametric points and have been widely documented in the literature for the classical and medical forensic reconstruction. From that point, he was given a graphic treatment to generate an approximate three-dimensional reconstruction. The results obtained from the proposed method produces a model, although it is not entirely accurate, however approximate evaluates a face for further search police databases and medical. - 5 - A mis padres: Alejandro y Enedina por brindarme su apoyo incondicional y por alentarme siempre que lo necesito. A mi hermana: Mónica por apoyarme y también ser un gran ejemplo a seguir, por sus consejos y ser una gran amiga para mí. Al Instituto Politécnico Nacional: Por ser la institución que me ha brindado tanto conocimiento que he estado desarrollando. A Mis directores de Tesis: Jesús A. Cedillo por brindarme su apoyo incondicional, su tiempo, y sus consejos y brindarme su amistad. José G. Trujillo, por darme su confanza al realizar este trabajo y apoyarme. A mis maestros: Por compartirme parte de su conocimiento y su tiempo durante esta etapa académica. A mis amigos y compañeros: Que siempre me han apoyado, y escuchado, así como también a todas aquellas personas que siempre estuvieron cerca. - 6 - Índice General Resumen:.................................................................................................. 4 Abstract:................................................................................................... 5 Capítulo 1 Introducción........................................................................... 10 1.1. Planteamiento del Problema............................................................ 10 1.2 Justifcación.......................................................................................10 1.3 Objetivo General............................................................................... 11 1.3.1 Objetivos Particulares....................................................................11 1.4 Metodología de Investigación...........................................................11 Capítulo 2 Técnicas de Reconstrucción Forense......................................13 2.1 Introducción...................................................................................... 13 2.2 Antecedentes....................................................................................13 2.3 Reconstrucción de Rostros................................................................ 14 Capítulo 3 Modelos Gráfcos y Reconstrucción Gráfca...........................25 3.1 Modelos Gráfcos...............................................................................25 Importación de Objetos....................................................................... 28 3.2 Escena.............................................................................................. 29 3.3 Operaciones Gráfcas de Objeto........................................................33 Seleccionar..........................................................................................34 Mover.................................................................................................. 34 Rotar....................................................................................................35 Escalar.................................................................................................36 3.4 Operaciones Gráfcas de Edición.......................................................36 3.5 Material en Blender..........................................................................39 3.6 Mallas...............................................................................................42 Capítulo 4 Reconstrucción Forense......................................................... 45 4.1 Problema a Resolver......................................................................... 45 4.2 Metodología...................................................................................... 45 4.2.1 Reconstrucción Física................................................................. 45 4.2.2 Creación del Modelo...................................................................47 4.3.1 Obtención del modelo gráfco...................................................51 4.3.2 Ajuste de Parámetros de Escena............................................... 55 4.3.3 Colocación de Puntos Craneométricos.......................................57 4.3.4 Triangulación.............................................................................. 61 4.3.5 Colocación de Objetos Comunes................................................ 65 4.3.6 Acabados....................................................................................70 5. Resultados.......................................................................................... 72 5.1.1 Creación del molde....................................................................72 5.1.2 Reconstrucción Manual..............................................................73 5.2 Reconstrucción por Computadora................................................. 74 6. Conclusiones ......................................................................................84 Trabajos a Futuro.....................................................................................85 REFERENCIAS..........................................................................................86 Anexos.................................................................................................... 88 - 7 - A. Código ................................................................................................88 B. Tejidos Blandos en México..................................................................95 Índice de fguras Figura 2.3.1 Registro de datos................................................................15 Figura 2.3.2 Captura de Fotografías realizadas.......................................16 Figura 2.3.3 Maxilar superior ..................................................................16 Figura 2.3.4 Reconstrucción de Bach...................................................... 18 Figura 2.3.5 Dr. Wilton Krogman.............................................................20 Figura 2.3.6 Técnica Dr. Krogman............................................................21 Figura 2.3.7: Primer sistema computarizado de reconocimiento de rostros[9]................................................................................................ 22 Figura 2.3.8 Reconstrucción Facial [11]...................................................23 Figura 2.3.9 Software Caramex..............................................................24 Figura 3.1.1 Vértice................................................................................. 26 Figura 3.1.2 Quad...................................................................................27
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