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Creación De Un Corto Animado En 3D Y La Infraestructura Técnica Necesaria Para Su Realización Tanto En Hardware Y En Software De Licencia Gnu Gpl

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Creación De Un Corto Animado En 3D Y La Infraestructura Técnica Necesaria Para Su Realización Tanto En Hardware Y En Software De Licencia Gnu Gpl CREACIÓN DE UN CORTO ANIMADO EN 3D Y LA INFRAESTRUCTURA TÉCNICA NECESARIA PARA SU REALIZACIÓN TANTO EN HARDWARE Y EN SOFTWARE DE LICENCIA GNU GPL. DISERTACIÓN PREVIA PREVIA A LA OBTENCIÓN DEL TÍTULO PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERO DE SISTEMAS Y COMPUTACIÓN EN LA FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA Autor: Juan Carlos Reascos Laverdi Director: Ingeniero Oswaldo Luna Quito, abril 2012 DEDICATORIA Este trabajo lo dedico a los que han desafiado a la tecnología inspirados por el arte, a los creativos que junto a personas ingeniosas han hecho del bit y el byte un lienzo, también a esas personas que a pesar de tener tantas limitaciones siguen creando, siguen soñando, como ese grupo de Geeks que hemos trabajado sin parar por tanto tiempo. Al verdadero sentimiento que nos aproxima a un Dios, que es el amor, gracias a mi padres , a mis hermanos, gracias por creer y estar junto a mi. INDICE CAPITULO I ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 MARCO TEÓRICO ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 ANIMACIÓN ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Definición .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 Breve Reseña Histórica ............................................................................................................... 2 1.1.3 Principios de la Animación ....................................................................................................... 12 1.1.3.1 Estirar y Encoger (Squash and stretch) ............................................................................................................ 12 1.1.3.2 Anticipación ..................................................................................................................................................... 12 1.1.3.3 Puesta en escena (Staging) .............................................................................................................................. 13 1.1.3.4 Acción Directa y Pose a Pose ........................................................................................................................... 13 1.1.3.5 Acción Continuada y Acción Superpuesta (Follow Through and Overlapping Action) ..................................... 13 1.1.3.6 Entradas Lentas y Salidas Lentas (Slow In and Slow Out) ................................................................................ 13 1.1.3.7 Arcos ................................................................................................................................................................ 14 1.1.3.8 Acción Secundaria............................................................................................................................................ 14 1.1.3.9 Timing .............................................................................................................................................................. 14 1.1.3.10 Exageración ................................................................................................................................................... 14 1.1.3.11 Dibujos sólidos .............................................................................................................................................. 14 1.1.3.12 Personalidad o Apariencia ............................................................................................................................ 14 1.1.4 3D .................................................................................................................................................... 15 1.1.4.1 Definición ......................................................................................................................................................... 16 . La visión Humana .................................................................................................................................................. 16 . La perspectiva ................................................................................................................................................ 17 . Perspectiva tradicional ................................................................................................................................ 18 . Perspectiva con un punto de fuga o cónica ......................................................................................... 19 . Perspectiva con dos puntos de fuga. ..................................................................................................... 19 1.1.4.2 Herramientas Digitales .................................................................................................................................... 20 - Autodesk Maya ............................................................................................................................................. 20 - Autodesk 3ds Max ....................................................................................................................................... 22 - Autodesk® Softimage ............................................................................................................................... 23 - Marionette ...................................................................................................................................................... 24 - Lightwave ....................................................................................................................................................... 24 - Blender 3D ..................................................................................................................................................... 25 1.1.4.3 Actualidad - Estudios de animación. ................................................................................................................ 26 - Pixar ................................................................................................................................................................... 26 . Historia .............................................................................................................................................................. 26 . La creación ....................................................................................................................................................... 29 - DreamWorks SKG Animation .................................................................................................................... 29 . Historia 1994-2003 ....................................................................................................................................... 30 . 2004-actualidad ............................................................................................................................................. 30 - Blue Sky Studios ........................................................................................................................................... 31 . Historia .............................................................................................................................................................. 31 . Tecnología ........................................................................................................................................................ 32 . Filmografía ....................................................................................................................................................... 32 - Blender Foundation & Instituto Blender. .............................................................................................. 33 . Elephants Dream ........................................................................................................................................... 33 . Producciones ................................................................................................................................................... 34 - Festivales ........................................................................................................................................................ 36 1.2 SOFTWARE LIBRE .......................................................................................................................................... 38 1.2.1 LICENCIA GNU-GPL (General Public Licence). ................................................................. 39 1.2.1.1 DEFINICION ...................................................................................................................................................... 39 1.2.1.2 Principales tipos de licencias libres ................................................................................................................. 40 Copyleft ................................................................................................................................................................ 40 Licencia BSD ...................................................................................................................................................... 41 Creative Commons .......................................................................................................................................... 42
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