M89 Anti-Trafficking Toolkit
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Mission89 Toolkit ‘Not in our Game’: an awareness raising campaign Take a stand against human trafficking and modern-day slavery by engaging, educating and empowering youth Purpose of the Toolkit: Participants at the end of the session will have a clear understanding of human trafficking, recognize risk factors and ―red flags‖ associated with intermediaries or agents, and be able to identify potential victims. We encourage you to tailor your awareness raising activities to your specific audience and community, using this Toolkit as a guide to activate your very own anti-trafficking awareness raising campaign! Target Audience: Primary end beneficiaries are youth between the ages of 11 to 21 that are potentially ‗at risk‘ for trafficking exploitation. Other key stakeholders within local communities that would benefit from education and awareness raising on the issue would include: Women, family, friends and community leaders Schools, youth groups and organisations Sport academies, clubs, technical staff involved in the training of children or youth National sport federations, sports for development organizations, sports for change networks Law enforcement / police authorities / judiciary officials Ministries of sport, health & youth, embassies, immigration authorities Health professionals Faith-based organizations About Mission 89: Mission 89is a research, education and advocacy organization inspired by the 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, FIFA‘s Article 19 intended to protect the commercial movement of footballers under the age of 18 and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) principles prohibiting the exploitation of young athletes and ensuring that they are protected from unscrupulous recruiters and agents. Mission 89‘s action orientated approach is to help keep young athletes safe from exploitation by educating them and their families on the legitimate path to a career in sport. Building individual capacity, resulting in economic and social well-being, through the provision of education, life-skill competencies and vocational training programs are at the heart of what the organization is about. What is Human Trafficking? Human trafficking is a form of modern slavery—a multi-billion-dollar criminal industry that denies freedom to 20.9 million people around the world (source: ???). And no matter where you live, chances are it's happening nearby. From the girl forced into prostitution at a truck stop, to the man discovered in a restaurant kitchen, stripped of his passport and held against 1 his will. All trafficking victims share one essential experience: the loss of freedom. Every year, thousands of men, women and children fall into the hands of traffickers, in their own countries and abroad. Almost every country in the world is affected by trafficking, whether as a country of origin, transit or destination for victims. Trafficking in persons is a serious crime and a grave violation of human rights. Trafficking in Sport: The demand for talent, especially young talent, is not without its problems and has resulted in diverse migratory patterns within sport whether being seasonal, occupational, cross border (international) or within borders (national). In the process, the end result is not always a planned career and can be problematic for young people. The need to migrate for sports has led to the exploitation of children in pursuit of a career in sport. The trafficking of children in the sports industry, particularly in the case of football, remains a serious problem. Migration plays a role in this form of trafficking, as young athletes are often moved from ‗source‘ countries through to ‗transition‘ countries, before traveling to ‗destination‘ countries often in Europe, North America and now Asia. Athletes in this situation may not initially travel through irregular means, (even though some do) but due to the acquisition of short duration visas to travel to football trials, and a possible abandonment afterwards, victims often stay longer than their visa allows and therefore quickly become illegal. It is however important to note that a vast majority of youth pursuing a career in sport never cross-national borders and that exploitation through trafficking occurs without crossing borders.There is a massive issue of victim criminalization in destination countries, which occurs when these groups are not quickly identified as ‗trafficked‘ but rather as illegal migrants who have offset border control laws. Additionally, opportunistic and often unscrupulous agents aim to make money from selling dreams to vulnerable children and families who are ready to migrate to places unknown for a better future. In 2015, an article in the international press claimed that 15,000 young players were moved from West Africa annually under false pretenses. In Belgium, 442 cases of ―African soccer slaves‖ were uncovered by Senator Jean Marie Dedecker when he exposed the illegal trade in Nigerian players within European football. (Citation) The recruitment of young athletes for the purpose of exploitation has been recognized as a threat by the International Convention on Children‘s Rights (UN 1989), which condemns child exploitation (Article 32), the European Parliament resolution on the future of professional football in Europe (March 2007), and the International Federation of Association Football‘s (FIFA) Regulations on the Status and Transfer of Players. Apart from the fact that FIFA prohibits transfer of players under the age of 18 (with limited exceptions), FIFA‘s Transfer Matching System (TMS) increases the transparency of transactions to ensure compliance. However, the latter resource does not cover rogue recruiters/agents, unsanctioned football academies and other trafficking means through which players are transferred within FIFA‘s scope. Why Trafficking Exists: All around the world, many people are looking for ‗fast and easy‘ financial profit. Human trafficking is a market-driven criminal industry that is based on the principles of supply and demand. Every year, human traffickers generate billions of dollars in profits by victimizing 2 millions of people around the world. The sport industry is no exception in the trafficking phenomena. Human trafficking involves recruitment, harboring or transporting people into a situation of exploitation using violence, deception or coercion, forcing them to work against their will. In other words, trafficking is a process of enslaving people, coercing them into a situation with no way out, and exploiting them. People can be trafficked for many different forms of exploitation such as forced prostitution, forced labor, forced begging, forced criminality, domestic servitude, forced marriage, and forced organ removal. Trafficking for sexual exploitation gets much attention. However, a majority of people are trafficked into labor exploitation. Contrary to a common misconception, people don‘t necessarily have to be transported across borders for trafficking to take place. In fact, transporting or moving the victim doesn‘t necessarily define trafficking. When children are trafficked, no violence or coercion needs to be involved. Simply bringing them into exploitative conditions constitutes trafficking. Many people who fall victim of trafficking want to escape poverty, improve their lives, and support their families. Often, they get an ―offer‖ of a well-paid job abroad or in another region. Often, they borrow money from their traffickers in advance to pay for arranging the job, travel and accommodation. When they arrive, they find that the work they were promised does not exist, or the conditions are completely different. By that stage, it‘s too late, their documents are often taken away and they are forced to work until their debt is paid off.(www.antislavery.org) Smuggling or Trafficking? People often confuse human trafficking and people smuggling. People smuggling is the illegal movement of people across international borders for a fee. On arrival, the smuggled person is ―free‖. Human trafficking is different. The trafficker is moving a person for exploitation. There is no need to cross an international border. Human trafficking also occurs at a national level, or even within one‘s community. Toolkit Learning Approach: The Mission 89 ―Not in our Game‖ human trafficking awareness raising toolkit is intended to offset trafficking in sport by educating and informing potential youth victims. The structure of the toolkit content is aimed to be flexible and adaptive depending on various factors such as target audience, age and knowledge level of participants, environmental setting, session duration etc. With the Activity Cards provided as an outline, the facilitator has the opportunity to customize his/her own learning materials keeping in mind Mission 89‘s prescribed learning objectives and outcomes (see Activity Card 1). The facilitator preparatory workin relation to the contact person (―the client‖) is an important one and the necessary time should be taken into the planning phase of the event. In contrast to a one-directional flow of teaching, the toolkit activities are based on a learner- centered, active learning approach. 3 Content should be adapted depending on the respective target audience (e.g.age, gender, families and communities, the entourage) and learning environment (e.g. schools, youth groups from football / sports clubs, elite athletes). Facilitator Follow-up &Deliverables: At the end of each campaign session, you will provide Mission 89 with: - activation feedback report