DOCSLIB.ORG

Bandiri* (Somalia)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bandiri* (Somalia) BANDIRI* (SOMALIA) “Education is the passport to the future.” See Layla’s Refugee Learner Narrative Mogadishu is a big city with a population of a million people. The buildings are very close for another perspective and additional Caluula GULF O F A D E N Breeda together like London, England. There is not much DJIBOUTI Gees Asayita Bandar Murcaayo Djibouti Boosaaso Gwardafuy Saylac Raas (Bender Cassim) Butyaalo Dikhil Surud Bargaal information on Somalia. Raas Maskan Qandala ee space between them. I have always enjoyed a good c l Raas Ja Raas Binna Silil Khansiir Xiis Maydh Laasqoray Karin D aho a D t r Hurdiyo ro Raas relationship with my family. I was surrounded by AWDAL Bullaxaar Berbera Ceerigaabo (Erigavo) B ARA R I Xaafuun Xaafuun Baki S A NAA G Iskushuban Boorama Ka relatives, family, neighbours, and teachers, all WOQOOYI rkaar Mountains D Burco Dire Dawa GALBEED e Togwajaale r (Burao) Garadag Qardho Bandarbeyla Dudo Nazret Hargeysa Life before Canada Harer Jijiga Oodweyne who supported each other. The culture that I come Xudun Kiridh Taxeex TOGDHEER S O O L E yl from is one where “everybody is your parent.” In Garoowe Buuhoodle Laascaanood Degeh Bur NUNUGGAAAAL Raas Gori Rit Gabbac Birthplace and Family my community when a child has done something Eyl bad or is going to do something wrong, an adult Berdaale Xamure ETHIOPIA Werder Beyra Seemade (Galcaio) Garacad Megalo K'ebri Dahar Gaalkacyo usually intervenes. They will speak to the child or Imi MUDUG Is ka warran. Nabad miyaa? Hello. How are you? My War Galoh Gode Shilabo Baxdo Mirsaale Hilalaya stop them from behaving badly, even if the adult Mereer-Gur name is Bandiri. I was born on October 19, 1991, in Dhuusamarreeb Hargele (Dusa Marreb) is not the child’s parent. We would call these GALGUDUUD Hobyo Mogadishu, Somalia. Just a few months before the Ferfer Ceel Huur Ceel Buur caring adults uncles or aunts, even if they were not W Beledweyne Xarardheere e b BAKOOL i burbur (catastrophe) of 1991–92 and the collapse of Derri Dolo Bay Xuddur HIRS AAN h I N DIAN O CEAN (Oddur) a Buulobarde relatives. This was considered a sign of respect. I b e Ceeldheere Luuq Tayeeglow e l l e the Somali state, clan war, and famine. Garbahaarrey Baydhabo was very happy living in this community. SHABELLE KENYA (Baidoa) GEDO Mahadday DHEXE Buurhakaba Weym El Beru Hagia Wanlaweyn Cadale Diinsoor BAY Jawhar (Giohar) Before coming to Canada, I lived one month in Baardheere Balcad W Afgooye e b i Muqdisho (Mogadishu) Qoryooley J Wajir u BANADIR SOMALIA b JUBA b SHABELLE School in Somalia a Nairobi, Kenya. I belong to the Somali cultural Marka (Merca) National capital DDHEXHEXE HOOSE Haaway Regional capital Baraawe Town, village group and the language that my family spoke and Bu'aale Afmadow Airport Jilib International boundary continues to speak is Somali. My family consists of My first school was a Koran school that I began Bilis Qooqaani Regional boundary Jamaame JUBA Undetermined boundary SOMALIA Main road six children (four boys, including myself, and two attending at the age of four or five. This was a HOOSE Kismaayo (Chisimayu) Track Isole Railroad girls) plus my parents. religious/spiritual school. At the age of seven, I Giuba 0 50 100 150 200 km Buur Gaabo 0 50 100 mi began attending a “normal” school and entered Raas Kaambooni The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map - do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. - In Mogadishu, we lived in a villa. My mother looked Grade 1 (there wasn’t any kindergarten year). Garsen Lamu Map No. 3690 Rev. 10 UNITED NATIONS Department of Field Support after the children while my father worked at two I attended school from Grade 1 to Grade 8. My December 2011 Cartographic Section stores he owned. He sold construction equipment in parents had to pay a monthly tuition of about $10. the Bakara Market (also known as Bakaara market) The primary school’s tuition was $7 a month. All of © United Nations/Department of Field Support, Cartographic in Mogadishu. my brothers and sisters also went to school. If you Section. Map No. 3690 Rev. 10. December 2011. Map of had a lot of kids, you were in trouble. Somalia. CC License. <www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/ profile/somalia.pdf>. * To protect the participant`s privacy, pseudonyms have been used in this narrative. 30 When I attended primary school, it was from The school was a one-storey rectangular shaped 7:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. When I attended junior building with primary grades on one side and junior SOMALIA high school, it was from 1:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. The high on the opposite side, with the school office subjects were taught in Arabic and Somali. I at one end. The rooms are identified using the Bakaara Market studied English in high school. The school year was Somali alphabet rather than numbers. The school from August to May and we attended for 5 ½ days a building was made of cement. The windows were The Bakara Market (also known as Bakaara, week, Saturday to Thursday, which was a half-day opened to get cool air, because there was no air Suuqa Bakaaraha) of Mogadishu is the largest only. Friday is jumu’ah or “Friday prayer day” and conditioning. There were just tables and chairs in open market in the nation. The Market is located was our day off. Boys and girls attended the same the classrooms, no other equipment. The students in the heart of Mogadishu. The market was school. At first, the sexes were not separated but learned from books or the teacher’s notes on the created in late 1972. Merchants and businesses when the Islamists took control of the government, board. Not all the students had books because they sell everyday food essentials, gasoline, and that changed. After that, the males and females weren’t able to afford them. They would copy the medicine. During the Civil War, the market were separated. This happened about the time teacher’s notes into notebooks. There weren’t any expanded significantly and became notorious for when I was in junior high. handouts. selling small arms and other weapons. In my first school, there were 180 students with Bakara market has been the site of about 24 to 25 students in a class. When I was many violent incidents and events over in junior high, the class size increased to about the years, including the October 1993, 30 to 34 students. We used to sit two or three Battle of Mogadishu (also known as The students together at a cement table, attached to Battle of the Black Sea). It was in the the ground. Students stayed in their classes and the market area that two American Black teachers rotated. This was true of all the grades Hawk helicopters were downed which led even in high school. If the classroom was filled with to a fierce firefight that lasted the whole students, then the extra students would either go night. More recently, on May 14, 2011, to another school or wait until the next semester heavy shelling hit the market resulting to see if there was room. The school just had in at least 14 civilian casualties. Most of classroom spaces and we did not have any space the civilians killed were women who were for students to get together. If necessary, students doing their shopping and a child was also could cross the city to go to another school. It killed. really was based on first come, first served. References • UNHCR, 2012 UNHCR country operations profile – I did not like the teachers very much. I think that Somalia, <www.unhcr.org/pages/49e483ad6.html> © Stuart Price/UN Photo. August 9, 2011. Mogadishu Market most of the teachers were rude and I couldn’t talk • Human Rights Watch, “You Don’t Know Who to Blame”, District Deserted. A woman walks through the deserted streets with them. Some of the teachers were very stupid 14 August 2011, <www.hrw.org/reports/2011/08/14/you- of Bakara Market in central Mogadishu, Somalia. Bakara was, and they were very hard on students. They tried to don-t-know-who-blame> up until 2011, a strategic stronghold of the Islamist group Al- Shabaab until their sudden withdrawal from the city overnight beat you. There were three incidents that stayed in 5 August. Thousands of Burundian and Ugandan African my mind. Union troops, which support the Somali Transitional Federal Government (TFG), now control over 90 percent of the city since Shabaab’s retreat. CC License.<https://www.flickr.com/ photos/africa-renewal/6036306862/>. 31 The first incident occurred when I was in high school. In the afternoon, there is a break at 3:00 p.m. followed with prayers at 3:15 p.m. One day, I was washing myself in preparation for prayers when a teacher came along who felt that I wasn’t hurrying enough. The teacher told me that I should have been ready by that time. The teacher beat me with a very hard stick. I felt that the teacher had beaten me for nothing. My uncle was the vice-principal of the school and so I told him what had happened. My uncle told me that he would speak to the teacher. Another incident involved the same teacher. I was writing an English exam and I had brought a math book into the exam room.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Somalia's Jubbaland: Past, Present and Potential Futures
    Rift Valley Institute Meeting Report Nairobi Forum, 22 February 2013 POLITICS NOW Somalia's Jubbaland: Past, present and potential futures an ‘ethno-state’ liKe Puntland, because it is not Key points populated by a single clan. Some view Jubbaland as a § Due to its natural resources and location, Darod clan state, but when the large number of non- Jubbaland has the potential to be one of Darod populations along the Jubba river and in east Somalia’s richest regions, but conflict has bank communities taKen into account, the Darod clan kept it chronically unstable for over two probably comprise 50-60 per cent of the total decades. population. He warned that, if Jubbaland is treated as a Darod state and power-sharing is institutionalized § The regions of Jubbaland are not linked by along those lines, then other residents of the region road and have no history of shared would feel disenfranchised and could turn to al- administration. As an administrative unit, Shabaab. Jubbaland is not likely to be functional. Is Jubbaland viable as a federal state? First, for § The Somali constitution provides no clear Jubbaland to succeed as such a state, it needs some guidance on how newly declared federal history of shared governance and cooperation—and states are to be created, or what their it does not have such a history. Distant Jubbaland relations with the central government communities are very unlikely to respect claims of should be. authority from Kismayo. § The environmental consequences of the charcoal trade are having a negative impact A second criterion for judging whether a region could on livelihoods and food security.
    [Show full text]
  • Countering Terrorism in East Africa: the U.S
    Countering Terrorism in East Africa: The U.S. Response Lauren Ploch Analyst in African Affairs November 3, 2010 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41473 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Countering Terrorism in East Africa: The U.S. Response Summary The United States government has implemented a range of programs to counter violent extremist threats in East Africa in response to Al Qaeda’s bombing of the U.S. embassies in Tanzania and Kenya in 1998 and subsequent transnational terrorist activity in the region. These programs include regional and bilateral efforts, both military and civilian. The programs seek to build regional intelligence, military, law enforcement, and judicial capacities; strengthen aviation, port, and border security; stem the flow of terrorist financing; and counter the spread of extremist ideologies. Current U.S.-led regional counterterrorism efforts include the State Department’s East Africa Regional Strategic Initiative (EARSI) and the U.S. military’s Combined Joint Task Force – Horn of Africa (CJTF-HOA), part of U.S. Africa Command (AFRICOM). The United States has also provided significant assistance in support of the African Union’s (AU) peace operations in Somalia, where the country’s nascent security forces and AU peacekeepers face a complex insurgency waged by, among others, Al Shabaab, a local group linked to Al Qaeda that often resorts to terrorist tactics. The State Department reports that both Al Qaeda and Al Shabaab pose serious terrorist threats to the United States and U.S. interests in the region. Evidence of linkages between Al Shabaab and Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, across the Gulf of Aden in Yemen, highlight another regional dimension of the threat posed by violent extremists in the area.
    [Show full text]
  • Bad Borders Make Bad Neighbours the Political Economy of Relief and Rehabilitation in the Somali Region 5, Eastern Ethiopia
    Relief and Rehabilitation Network Network Paper 4 Bad Borders Make Bad Neighbours The Political Economy of Relief and Rehabilitation in the Somali Region 5, Eastern Ethiopia Koenraad Van Brabant September 1994 Please send comments on this paper to: Relief and Rehabilitation Network Overseas Development Institute Regent's College Inner Circle Regent's Park London NW1 4NS United Kingdom A copy will be sent to the author. Comments received may be used in future Newsletters. ISSN: 1353-8691 © Overseas Development Institute, London, 1994. Photocopies of all or part of this publication may be made providing that the source is acknowledged. Requests for commercial reproduction of Network material should be directed to ODI as copyright holders. The Network Coordinator would appreciate receiving details of any use of this material in training, research or programme design, implementation or evaluation. Bad Borders Make Bad Neighbours The Political Economy of Relief and Rehabilitation in the Somali Region 5, Eastern Ethiopia Koenraad Van Brabant1 Contents Page Maps 1. Introduction 1 2. Pride and Prejudice in the Somali Region 5 : The Political History of a Conflict 3 * The Ethiopian empire-state and the colonial powers 4 * Greater Somalia, Britain and the growth of Somali nationalism 8 * Conflict and war between Ethiopia and Somalia 10 * Civil war in Somalia 11 * The Transitional Government in Ethiopia and Somali Region 5 13 3. Cycles of Relief and Rehabilitation in Eastern Ethiopia : 1973-93 20 * 1973-85 : `Relief shelters' or the politics of drought and repatriation 21 * 1985-93 : Repatriation as opportunity for rehabilitation and development 22 * The pastoral sector : Recovery or control? 24 * Irrigation schemes : Ownership, management and economic viability 30 * Food aid : Targeting, free food and economic uses of food aid 35 * Community participation and institutional strengthening 42 1 Koenraad Van Brabant has been project manager relief and rehabilitation for eastern Ethiopia with SCF(UK) and is currently Oxfam's country representative in Sri Lanka.
    [Show full text]
  • IS LESS Philip Hamburger† I. FREE EXERCISE
    HAMBURGER.BOOK.DOC 4/13/04 9:44 PM ESSAY MORE IS LESS∗ Philip Hamburger† I. FREE EXERCISE INALIENABLE .................................................... 838 A. The Inalienable Character of Religious Liberty ................. 839 B. The Definition of Religious Liberty..................................... 848 II. BOTH MORE AND LESS ................................................................. 858 A. The Contingency of Free Exercise in the Courts ................ 858 B. Mere Definition Rather than Condition? ............................ 861 C. Historical Explanations......................................................... 864 D. Expansion and Contingency................................................. 869 E. The Absolute Right of Religious Belief ............................... 872 F. Fratricide (or the Periphery Undermines the Core) ........... 874 G. No Harm, No Foul? .............................................................. 882 H. Other Examples..................................................................... 885 CONCLUSION....................................................................................... 890 S the First Amendment’s right of free exercise of religion condi- I tional upon government interests? Many eighteenth-century Americans said it was utterly unconditional. For example, James Madison and numerous contemporaries declared in 1785 that “the right of every man to exercise [‘Religion’] . is in its nature an un- alienable right” and “therefore that in matters of Religion, no mans right is abridged by
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Africa: Security and the Legacy of Fragility
    Eastern Africa: Security and the Legacy of Fragility Africa Program Working Paper Series Gilbert M. Khadiagala OCTOBER 2008 INTERNATIONAL PEACE INSTITUTE Cover Photo: Elderly women receive ABOUT THE AUTHOR emergency food aid, Agok, Sudan, May 21, 2008. ©UN Photo/Tim GILBERT KHADIAGALA is Jan Smuts Professor of McKulka. International Relations and Head of Department, The views expressed in this paper University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South represent those of the author and Africa. He is the co-author with Ruth Iyob of Sudan: The not necessarily those of IPI. IPI Elusive Quest for Peace (Lynne Rienner 2006) and the welcomes consideration of a wide range of perspectives in the pursuit editor of Security Dynamics in Africa’s Great Lakes of a well-informed debate on critical Region (Lynne Rienner 2006). policies and issues in international affairs. Africa Program Staff ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS John L. Hirsch, Senior Adviser IPI owes a great debt of thanks to the generous contrib- Mashood Issaka, Senior Program Officer utors to the Africa Program. Their support reflects a widespread demand for innovative thinking on practical IPI Publications Adam Lupel, Editor solutions to continental challenges. In particular, IPI and Ellie B. Hearne, Publications Officer the Africa Program are grateful to the government of the Netherlands. In addition we would like to thank the Kofi © by International Peace Institute, 2008 Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre, which All Rights Reserved co-hosted an authors' workshop for this working paper series in Accra, Ghana on April 11-12, 2008. www.ipinst.org CONTENTS Foreword, Terje Rød-Larsen . i Introduction. 1 Key Challenges .
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia – Flooding Flash Update 3
    Ethiopia – Flooding Flash Update 3 22 May 2018 On 21 May, the National Disaster Risk Management Commission (NDRMC)-led Flood Task Force issued a revised Flood Alert1, based on the monthly National Meteorology Agency (NMA) forecast for the month of May 2018. The latest NMA forecast informs of a shift of the heavy rainfall from south eastern Ethiopia (mainly Somali region) to the central, western and parts of northern Ethiopia, including Afar, Amhara, Gambella, southern Oromia, parts of SNNP and Tigray region. Accordingly, average to above average rainfall is expected in Zones 3, 4 and 5 of Afar region; North and South Wello, North and South Gonder, Bahir Dar Zuria, Western and Eastern Gojam, and Awi zones of Amhara region; Benishan- gul Gumuz region; Gambella region; Harari region; Arsi, Bale, Borena, Guji, eastern, northern and western Shewa, East and West Hararge zones of Oromia region; most zones of SNNPR; most of Somali region; Tigray region; as well as Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa cities. The rains are expected to benefit agricultural activities by improving moisture forbelg and long cycle meher crops and perennial plants; and to help pasture regeneration and water source replenishment. However, flash floods are anticipated in areas along river banks and areas with low soil water percolation capacity. The first Alert was issued on 27 April following the reactivation of the National Flood Task Force on 19 April, to co- ordinate flood mitigation, preparedness and response efforts. Another revision will be conducted based on NMA’s forecast for the 2018 summer kiremt rains and new developments on the ground.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bluest Eye Is About the Tragic Life of a Young Black Girl in 1940S Ohio
    "Highly recommended ... an altogether superb (and harrowing) world premiere stage adaptation." -Hedy Weiss, Chicago Sun-Times "Poignant, provocative.” -Backstage “Remarkable” -Chicago Sun-Times © The Dramatic Publishing Company “This is bittersweet, moving drama that preserves the vigor and the disquiet of Ms. Morrison’s novel ... for theatergoers of any age, it is not to be missed.” -The New York Sun “A powerful coming-of-age story that should be seen by all young girls.” -Chicagocritic.com AATE Distinguished Play Award winner Drama. Adapted by Lydia R. Diamond. From the novel by Toni Morrison. Cast: 2 to 3m., 6 to 10w. Nobel Prize-winning author Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye is about the tragic life of a young black girl in 1940s Ohio. Eleven-year- old Pecola Breedlove wants nothing more than to be loved by her family and schoolmates. Instead, she faces constant ridicule and abuse. She blames her dark skin and prays for blue eyes, sure that love will follow. With rich language and bold vision, this powerful adaptation of an American classic explores the crippling toll that a legacy of racism has taken on a community, a family, and an innocent girl. “Diamond’s sharp, wrenching, deeply humane adaptation ... helps us discover how an innocent like Pecola can be undone so thoroughly by a racist world that, if it sees her at all, does so only long enough to kick the pins out from under her.” (Chicago Reader) “A spare and haunting play ... The playwright displays a delicate touch that seems right for the theme spiraling through the piece: that of the invidious influence of a white-majority nation not yet mature enough to validate beauty in all its forms.” (Washington Post) Flexible staging.
    [Show full text]
  • Somalia: Al-Shabaab – It Will Be a Long War
    Policy Briefing Africa Briefing N°99 Nairobi/Brussels, 26 June 2014 Somalia: Al-Shabaab – It Will Be a Long War I. Overview Despite the recent military surge against Somalia’s armed Islamist extremist and self- declared al-Qaeda affiliate, Al-Shabaab, its conclusive “defeat” remains elusive. The most likely scenario – already in evidence – is that its armed units will retreat to small- er, remote and rural enclaves, exploiting entrenched and ever-changing clan-based competition; at the same time, other groups of radicalised and well-trained individ- uals will continue to carry out assassinations and terrorist attacks in urban areas, in- cluding increasingly in neighbouring countries, especially Kenya. The long connec- tion between Al-Shabaab’s current leadership and al-Qaeda is likely to strengthen. A critical breakthrough in the fight against the group cannot, therefore, be achieved by force of arms, even less so when it is foreign militaries, not the Somali National Army (SNA), that are in the lead. A more politically-focused approach is required. Even as its territory is squeezed in the medium term, Al-Shabaab will continue to control both money and minds. It has the advantage of at least three decades of Salafi-Wahhabi proselytisation (daawa) in Somalia; social conservatism is already strongly entrenched – including in Somaliland and among Somali minorities in neigh- bouring states – giving it deep reservoirs of fiscal and ideological support, even with- out the intimidation it routinely employs. An additional factor is the group’s proven ability to adapt, militarily and politically – flexibility that is assisted by its leadership’s freedom from direct accountability to any single constituency.
    [Show full text]
  • Refugee Status Appeals Authority New Zealand
    REFUGEE STATUS APPEALS AUTHORITY NEW ZEALAND REFUGEE APPEAL NO 76551 AT AUCKLAND Before: B L Burson (Member) Counsel for the Appellant: D Ryken Appearing for the Department of Labour: No Appearance Dates of Hearing: 28 & 29 July 2010 Date of Decision: 21 September 2010 DECISION INTRODUCTION [1] This is an appeal against the decision of a refugee status officer of the Refugee Status Branch (RSB) of the Department of Labour (DOL) declining the grant of refugee status to the appellant, a national of Somalia who has spent a number of years in South Africa as a recognised Convention refugee. [2] This is the second time the appellant has appeared before the Authority. He originally arrived in New Zealand in June 2008 and lodged an application for refugee status. He was interviewed by the RSB in respect of that claim on 31 July and 1 August 2008. By decision dated 21 November 2008 the RSB declined the appellant’s claim on the basis that having been recognised as a refugee in South Africa the appellant was entitled to the protection of that country. The appellant duly appealed to the Authority. By decision dated 4 August 2009 the Authority dismissed the appellant’s appeal. [3] On 12 October 2009, the appellant lodged proceedings by way of judicial review in the High Court. By decision dated 4 June 2010 the High Court quashed the decision of the Authority. Although the High Court was satisfied the Authority 2 had not committed any reviewable error itself, the appellant’s previous representative had failed to ensure that a letter from a witness confirming the appellant’s clan origins was not placed before the Authority and the High Court reached the view that the Authority should, as a matter of fairness, re-assess the appellant’s claim having regard to this evidence.
    [Show full text]
  • WHAT ABOUT ME” Seeking to Understand a Child’S View of Violence in the Family
    Alison Cunningham, M.A.(Crim.) Director of Research & Planning Linda Baker, Ph.D. C.Psych Executive Director © 2004 Centre for Children & Families in the Justice System London Family Court Clinic Inc. 200 - 254 Pall Mall St. LONDON ON N6A 5P6 CANADA www.lfcc.on.ca [email protected] Copies of this document can be downloaded at www.lfcc.on.ca/what_about_me.html or ordered for the cost of printing and postage. See our web site for ordering information. This study was funded by the National Crime Prevention Strategy of the Ministry of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness, Ottawa. The opinions expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Crime Prevention Strategy or the Government of Canada. We dedicate this work to the children and young people who shared their stories and whose words and drawings help adults to understand Me when the violence was happening Me when the violence had stopped T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S Dedication ................................................................... i Table of Contents ............................................................ iii Acknowledgments .......................................................... vii Definitions ................................................................. 6 Nominal Definition Operational Definition Which “Parent” was Violent? According to Whom? When was the Violence? Why is Operationalization Important? Descriptive Studies Correlational Studies Binary Classification The Problem(s) of Binary Classification
    [Show full text]
  • Drama Recommended Monologues
    Bachelor of Creative Arts (Drama) Recommended Monologues 1 AUDITION PIECES – FEMALE THREE SISTERS by Anton Chekhov IRINA: Tell me, why is it I’m so happy today? Just as if I were sailing along in a boat with big white sails, and above me the wide, blue sky and in the sky great white birds floating around? You know, when I woke up this morning, and after I’d got up and washed, I suddenly felt as if everything in the world had become clear to me, and I knew the way I ought to live. I know it all now, my dear Ivan Romanych. Man must work by the sweat of his brow whatever his class, and that should make up the whole meaning and purpose of his life and happiness and contentment. Oh, how good it must be to be a workman, getting up with the sun and breaking stones by the roadside – or a shepherd – or a school-master teaching the children – or an engine-driver on the railway. Good Heavens! It’s better to be a mere ox or horse, and work, than the sort of young woman who wakes up at twelve, and drinks her coffee in bed, and then takes two hours dressing…How dreadful! You know how you long for a cool drink in hot weather? Well, that’s the way I long for work. And if I don’t get up early from now on and really work, you can refuse to be friends with me any more, Ivan Romanych. 2 HONOUR BY JOANNA MURRAY-SMITH SOPHIE: I wish—I wish I was more… Like you.
    [Show full text]
  • The Al Qaeda Network a New Framework for Defining the Enemy
    THE AL QAEDA NETWORK A NEW FRAMEWORK FOR DEFINING THE ENEMY KATHERINE ZIMMERMAN SEPTEMBER 2013 THE AL QAEDA NETWORK A NEW FRAMEWORK FOR DEFINING THE ENEMY KATHERINE ZIMMERMAN SEPTEMBER 2013 A REPORT BY AEI’S CRITICAL THREATS PROJECT ABOUT US About the Author Katherine Zimmerman is a senior analyst and the al Qaeda and Associated Movements Team Lead for the Ameri- can Enterprise Institute’s Critical Threats Project. Her work has focused on al Qaeda’s affiliates in the Gulf of Aden region and associated movements in western and northern Africa. She specializes in the Yemen-based group, al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, and al Qaeda’s affiliate in Somalia, al Shabaab. Zimmerman has testified in front of Congress and briefed Members and congressional staff, as well as members of the defense community. She has written analyses of U.S. national security interests related to the threat from the al Qaeda network for the Weekly Standard, National Review Online, and the Huffington Post, among others. Acknowledgments The ideas presented in this paper have been developed and refined over the course of many conversations with the research teams at the Institute for the Study of War and the American Enterprise Institute’s Critical Threats Project. The valuable insights and understandings of regional groups provided by these teams directly contributed to the final product, and I am very grateful to them for sharing their expertise with me. I would also like to express my deep gratitude to Dr. Kimberly Kagan and Jessica Lewis for dedicating their time to helping refine my intellectual under- standing of networks and to Danielle Pletka, whose full support and effort helped shape the final product.
    [Show full text]