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STS-115 Atlantis Manuel De La Mission

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STS-115 Atlantis Manuel De La Mission STS-115 Atlantis Manuel de la mission LE MANUEL DE LA MISSION STS-115 Par Philippe VOLVERT SOMMAIRE I. Présentation de l’équipage II. Présentation de la mission III. Présentation de la navette spatiale Atlantis IV. Compte à rebours V. Procédures Abort VI. Procédures de retour Annexes A1: Fenêtre de lancement A2: Programme quotidien A3: Opportunités pour l’atterrissage A4: Sources A noter que toutes les heures présentes dans ce dossier sont en heure GMT. I. PRESENTATION DE L’EQUIPAGE Brent Ward Jr. JETT (commandant de bord) Né le 05 octobre 1958 à Pontiac dans l’état du Michigan. Il est marié mais n’a pas d’enfants. Diplômé Bachelier en science d’ingénierie aérospatiale à l’académie navale, maître ès science en ingénierie aéronautique de l’école US Naval Postgraduate School. Il rejoint le groupe des astronautes en mars 1992. A ce jour, il a effectué 3 missions: STS-72 sur Atlantis en tant que pilote (8 jours 22:01), STS-81 sur Atlantis comme pilote (10 jours 04:56), STS-97 sur Endeavour comme commandant de bord (10 jours 19:56). (Photo Nasa) Christopher John FERGUSON (pilote) Il est né le 01 septembre 1961 à Philadelphia en Pennsylvanie. Il est marié et père de 3 enfants. Diplômé Bachelier en ingénierie mécanique à l’Université de Drexel et maître ès science en ingénierie aéronautique de l’école US Naval Postgraduate School. Il a été sélectionné comme pilote dans le groupe des astronautes en juin 1998. STS-115 sera se première mission dans l’espace. (Photo Nasa) Joseph Richard TANNER (spécialiste de mission) Né le 21 janvier 1950 à Dannville dans l'état de l’Illinois. Diplômé Bachelier en science d’ingénierie mécanique à l’Université de l’Illinois. Avant de postuler comme astronaute, il travaillait à la Nasa comme ingénieur aérospatial et pilote. Il a été sélectionné comme astronaute en mars 1992. Depuis, il est allé à 3 reprises dans l’espace au cours des missions STS-66 (Atlantis) en novembre 1994, STS-82 (Atlantis) pour l’entretien du télescope Hubble en février 1997 et STS-97 sur Endeavour au cours de laquelle avait également participé Jett Brent. Il totale pour ses 3 missions 31 jours et 18:09 dans l’espace. (Photo Nasa) Daniel Christopher BURBANK (spécialiste de mission) Il est né le 27 juillet 1961 à Manchester dans le Connecticut. Il est marié et père de 2 enfants. Diplômé Bachelier en science d’ingénierie électrique à l’US Coast Guard Academy et possède une maîtrise en science aéronautique. Sélectionné pour faire partie du groupe 16 en mai 1996. Il a fait son baptême spatial à l’occasion de la mission STS-106 sur Atlantis en septembre 2000 qui a duré 11 jours 19 heures et 12 minutes. (Photo Nasa) Heidemarie Martha STEFANYSHYN-PIPER (spécialiste de mission). Heidemarie est née le 07 février 1963 dans la ville de St-Paul dans le Minnesota. Elle est mariée et mère d’un enfant. Diplômé Bachelière en science d’ingénierie mécanique au MIT. Elle fait partie du groupe 16 des astronautes comme Daniel Burbank. STS-115 sera sa première expérience dans l’espace. (Photo Nasa) Steven Glenwood MACLEAN (spécialiste de mission) Steven est de nationalité canadienne. Il est né à Ottawa dans l’état de l’Ontario le 14 décembre 1954. Il est marié et père de 3 enfants. Il est diplômé Bachelier en physique à l’Université de Tonroto. Sa sélection comme astronaute de l’agence spatiale canadienne remonte à décembre 1983. Il a effectué sa première mission sur Columbia en octobre 1992 (STS-52) qui a duré 9 jours 20:56 comme spécialiste de charge utile. Il avait été sélectionné pour une seconde mission Canex-2 prévue pour 1996 avant d’être annulée. STS-115 sera sa seconde mission dans l’espace. (Photo Nasa) II. PRESENTATION DE LA MISSION Numéro de vol: 116 Numéro de mission de la navette: STS-115 Numéro de mission pour l’ISS: 12A (19ème visite de la navette à l’ISS) Navette: OV-104 Atlantis Utilisation: 27 Secours: OV-103 Discovery (STS-301) à partir du 11/11/2006 Configuration pour STS-115: SSME: 2044, 2047, 2048 ET: ET-118 Software: OI-30 OMS gauche: LP04/27/F1 OMS droite: RP01/34/F1 RCS avant: FRC4/27/F1 OBSS: 201 RMS: 301 Arrivée au bâtiment OPF: 12/03/2006 Arrivée au bâtiment VAB: 20/07/2006 Arrivée sur pad: 02/08/2006 Pad: LC-39B Temps de la mission: 10 jours 20:16 Coordonnées de l’orbite: 300 km; 51,6° Objectifs de la mission: Avec STS-115, la navette renoue avec les missions d’assemblage de la station spatiale avec l’ajout d’un élément important puisqu’il s’agit du segment P3/P4 de la poutre principale qui comporte 2 jeux de panneaux solaires ainsi qu’un radiateur. Configuration de la soute d’Atlantis. 1 : Sas d’arrimage 2 : Bras d’inspection 3 : Segment P3/P4 4 : Bras de la navette (Photo CSA) Au quatrième jour de la mission, l’astronaute MacLean s’installera dans le poste de commande qui est dans le module Destiny. Avec le bras Canadarm 2, fixé sur Destiny, MacLean sortira le segment de la poutre P3/P4 de la soute d’Atlantis et le verrouillera sur le segment P1 de la poutre principale de la station. Dans les jours suivants, 3 sorties seront programmées pour brancher les connexions et déployer les panneaux. Au cours de l’EVA 1, les astronautes Tanner et Stefanyshyn-Piper brancheront les connecteurs qui permettront aux contrôleurs au sol d'alimenter les poutrelles en énergie quelques jours plus tard. Ils relâcheront les dispositifs d'immobilisation servant à protéger les panneaux solaires lors du lancement, ils prépareront l'articulation rotative SARJ et ils en retireront les verrous pour procéder à la première rotation des panneaux solaires. Grâce à cette articulation particulière, les panneaux pourront enfin pivoter et suivre le Soleil, ce qui permettra de maximiser la capacité de production d'énergie de la station. Le jour suivant, c’est au tour de l’équipe MacLean et Burbank d’effectuer une sortie. Ils retireront des revêtements thermiques, à installer des pièces de renfort et de support et à débloquer les nombreux verrous et pièces qui immobilisaient l'articulation rotative SARJ pour le lancement. Au 6ème jour, les panneaux solaires seront déployés et fourniront immédiatement l’énergie nécessaire au fonctionnement de la station spatiale. La dernière EVA est pour Tanner et Stefanyshyn-Piper. Ils prépareront la station orbitale en vue de la prochaine mission d'assemblage, la mission STS-116, actuellement prévue pour décembre 2006. Ils installeront une nouvelle antenne de transpondeur et ils dégageront une section des rails de la nouvelle poutrelle de sorte que la base mobile canadienne puisse l'utiliser. La base mobile, semblable à une plateforme ferroviaire, sert à transporter le Canadarm2 et d'autre équipement sur toute la longueur de la poutrelle principale de la station. La poutre en préparation au Kennedy Space Center en vue de son installation en vue de son transport sur le pas de tir où l’attend Atlantis. (Photo Nasa) Puissance : 128 kW Masse : 15,9 tonnes Panneaux solaires : 2 x 2 panneaux (cylindre à l’extrémité droite sur l’illustration) Taille d’une paire de panneaux solaires : 34 x 12 m Cellule solaire par panneau : 32 400 (en silicium) Radiateurs : composé de 7 panneaux de 1,8 x 3,6 m (carré blanc sur l’illustration) Configuration de l’ISS une fois l’assemblage du segment P3/P4 (en foncé) terminé. Les nouveaux panneaux sont ceux du bas. (Photo Nasa) Une paire de panneaux solaires déjà en place sur l’ISS. C’est ce même système qui équipe le segment P3/P4. (Photo Nasa) III. PRESENTATION DE LA NAVETTE SPATIALE ATLANTIS Atlantis est la quatrième des navettes à effectuer un vol dans l’espace. Elle fait partie d’une flotte de 6 engins que la NASA a construit. Elle comprend 5 navettes spatiales et 1 navette destinée aux essais au sol. Chacune des navettes possède un code d’identification. Columbia est l’OV-102 (Orbiter Vehicle-102). La flotte comprend également l’OV-103 Atlantis, l’OV-104 Atlantis et l’OV-105 Endeavour. Cette dernière a remplacé la navette Challenger, détruite en vol le 28 janvier 1986. Les 2 autres véhicules sont l’OV-101 Enterprise et l’OV-099 Challenger. Dans un premier temps, l’OV-101 devait compléter la flotte spatiale, tandis que l’OV-099 était destinée aux divers essais dont des tests d’atterrissage. Pour des raisons budgétaires, la NASA a décidé de modifier, non pas l’OV-101, mais l’OV-099, en cours de construction, pour les vols spatiaux. Le nom de baptême de la navette Atlantis est un hommage au bateau d’océanographie du Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute au Massachusetts des années 30 à 60. ETAPES DE SA CONSTRUCTION 29-01-1979: signature du contrat pour la construction de l’OV-104 Atlantis. 03-03-1980 : début de la construction du module équipage 1981: début de la fabrication du fuselage 13-06-1983: arrivée des ailes de chez Gruman 02-12-1983: début de l’assemblage final 10-04-1984 : finition de la navette 06-04-1985: sortie d’usine de Palmdale 09-04-1985 : arrivée d’Atlantis au Kennedy Space Center 31-07-1985 : préparation pour son vol inaugural STS-51J 29-08-1985 : transfert d’Atlantis sur le pas de tir 39A 12-09-1985 : test des moteurs principaux durant 22 secondes 03-10-1985 : lancement d’Atlantis pour son vol inaugural 18-10-1992 : Atlantis retourne chez son constructeur à Palmdale pour son premier gros entretien et pour l’installation d’un module d’arrimage en vue des missions en direction de la station orbitale russe Mir.
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