Road Safety Audit of a Rural Road
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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2017, pp. 752-761, Article ID: IJCIET_08_04_087 Available online at http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=8&Issue=4 ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316 © IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed ROAD SAFETY AUDIT OF A RURAL ROAD N. Naveen Assistant Professor, Aurora’s Engineering College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India M. Rajesh, M. Srinivas, Md. Fasioddin B.Tech, Aurora’s Engineering College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India ABSTRACT From the actual conditions of rural road accident in our country, it shows that the current rural road safety is facing the grim situation and emphasizes the need of conduct rural road safety audit. This article analyzes the factors effecting safety in rural road accidents from human, vehicle, road, external environment and the other factors, summarizes the connotation and the steps of rural road traffic safety audit. It divides the contents of rural road traffic safety audit into two parts: newly built and rebuilt rural roads & the existing rural road traffic safety audit. Finally, this project aims at these problems existing in implementation process of rural road & proposes the corresponding solutions to support the work of rural road traffic safety audit. Key words: Accident, Environment, Road Safety Audit, Rural Roads, Road Safety. Cite this Article: N. Naveen, M. Rajesh, M. Srinivas, Md. Fasioddin, Road Safety Audit of a Rural Road. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(4), 2017, pp. 752-761. http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=8&Issue=4 1. INTRODUCTION India with 1,05,725 fatalities per annum (in year 2006), accounts for about 10 percent of total world’s road fatalities. The share of NH and SH in the total road network is just 6 percent but these cater to 70 to 75% of total road traffic in India. However, the NH’S, which constitute less than 2% of the total road network, account for 20% of total road accidents and 25% of total road traffic fatalities occurring on Indian roads. The road safety situation in India is worsening. Accidents, fatalities and casualties have been increasing dramatically over last 20 years. A road is considered safe when only a few - or, in the best case, no accident occurs. Each element, constituting many factors within, contribution (in percentage) in the occurrence of accidents is presented in Table. http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 752 [email protected] Road Safety Audit of a Rural Road Table 1 Percentage-Wise Contribution of Various Elements in Road Accidents Elements Percentage Road User 65.0 Road & Surroundings 2.5 Vehicle 2.5 Road User, Road & Surroundings 24.0 Road User and Vehicle 4.5 Road User, Road & Surroundings and Vehicle 1.5 Road safety audit has the greatest potential for improving safety when it is applied to a road or traffic design before the project is built. Purpose of the audit is to look at the accident potential and safety performance of the proposal. It is a formal process using a defined procedure and not an informal check. To be effective, it must be conducted by persons who have appropriate expertise, experience and training and who are independent of the design team. An audit may also be conducted on an existing road, since it permits hazards to be identified and opportunity becomes available to identify preferred road engineering measures to improve safety. Table 2 The overall accident data from the sources showing the increased rate of accidents. Year Number of accidents Number of persons No of persons killed per 100 accident Fatal(Figures killed Injured Total within brackets give percentage of total) 2001 405637 71219(17.6) 80888 405216 19.9 2002 407497 73650(18.1) 84674 408711 20.8 2003 406726 73589(18.1) 85998 435122 21.1 2004 429910 79357(18.5) 92618 464521 21.5 2005 439255 83491(19.0) 94968 465282 21.6 2006 460920 93917(20.4) 10549 496481 22.9 Existing road also can be audited to assess their accident potential. It provides a systematic way of being proactive in reducing the future likelihood of accidents. Report should highlight those problems, which are considered so urgent that they require immediate attention. Issues and problems will vary, depending on the road's environment, the topography and terrain. First Information Reports (FIR) should be collected from the concerned police stations on the identified stretches. The main aim of the road safety audit is to identify and address any road safety issues. The specific purpose of the safety audit study is: • To ensure a high level of safety in road project • To minimize the accident risk on the road network • To promote the safety to all road users http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 753 [email protected] N. Naveen, M. Rajesh, M. Srinivas, Md. Fasioddin 2. DATA USED Road safety audit was conducted from place Bhongir to Chityal i.e. (Nalgonda District, India) where the road conditions are known and safety measures to be reported. Figure 1 This road is from Bhongir to Chityal(i.e. two lane road of 3.5m of each lane) which will connect the National Highway no: 9 which is of 45 km from Bhongir to Chityal and the rest of the road is on National Highway no 9. 2.1. Collection of Previous Accident Data Accident data was collected from the First information reports (FIR) of police stations on the identified stretches. Database was created for analysis of day wise, month wise, year wise, km wise distribution of accidents. This helped in identifying the locations experiencing higher accident frequency. The data acquired from FIR reports are shown below in the tables: Table 3 Accident data from Valigonda Police Station, Year 2015 S.NO CRIME SECTION INJURED DEATH PLACE OF TYPE OF DATE NO. OF LAW ACCIDENT VEHICLE 1 189 IPC 338 1 0 Valigonda main Lorry hits 15-11-2015 road motor cycle 2 190 304/A 0 1 Edullagudem Lorry hits 17-11-2015 motor cycle 3 203 338 2 0 Valigonda Auto hits bike 04-12-2015 (venkateshwara colony) 4 216 337 1 0 Edullagudem Car hits boy 19-12-2015 (pedestrian) 5 219 338,304/A 1 1 Valigonda Car hits bike 20-12-2015 Govt. Jr.college 6 225 304/A 0 2 Mamdapuram Truck hits 26-12-2015 auto 7 231 338 4 0 Valigonda Lorry hits car 31-12-2015 http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 754 [email protected] Road Safety Audit of a Rural Road Table 4 Accident data from Valigonda Police Station, Year 2016 S NO CRIME SECTION INJURED DEATH PLACE OF TYPE OF DATE NO. OF LAW ACCIDENT VEHICLE 1 1 338 5 0 Valigonda Car hits truck 07-01-2016 center 2 9 337,338 2 0 Kammagudem Bike hits tree 14-02-2016 3 15 304/A 0 1 Valigonda Auto hits bike 25-02-2016 Govt. college 4 19 337,304/A 1 1 Nagaram Bike hits 03-03-2016 village lorry 5 34 304/A 0 1 Valigonda bus Bike hits bike 14-03-2016 stop 6 35 338 2 0 Valigonda main Lorry hit bike 02-04-2016 centre 7 57 337 2 0 Nagaram Bike hits auto 17-04-2016 Table 5 Accident data from Ramannapet Police Station, Year 2014 S.NO CRIME SECTION INJURED DEATH PLACE OF TYPE OF DATE NO. OF LAW ACCIDENT VEHICLE 1 10 337 4 0 Bogaram lorry hits auto 21-01-2014 2 53 337 3 0 Ramannapet car hits bike 12-03-2014 3 55 304/A 0 1 Ramannapet bike hits lorry 15-06-2014 centre 4 153 304/A 0 2 Ramannapet Lorry hits car 11-12-2014 (ideal) Table 6 Accident data from, Ramannapet Police Station, Year 2015 S.NO CRIME SECTION INJURED DEATH PLACE OF TYPE OF DATE NO. OF LAW ACCIDENT VEHICLE 1 9 338 2 0 Ramannapet Truck hits 07-01-2015 market bike 2 19 304/A 0 1 Ramannapet Lorry hits 26-01-2015 pedestrian 3 25 337 1 0 Ramannapet Bike hits bi- 16-03-2015 cycle 4 61 304/A 0 1 Ramannapet Scooty hits 30-04-2015 man 5 65 304/A 0 1 Ramannapet Lorry hits 05-05-2015 bike 6 66 304/A 0 1 Ramannapet Car hits man 10-05-2015 7 76 337 2 0 Bogaram Car hits bike 29-05-2015 http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 755 [email protected] N. Naveen, M. Rajesh, M. Srinivas, Md. Fasioddin Table 7 Accident data, Ramannapet Police Station, Year 2016 S.NO CRIME SECTION INJURED DEATH PLACE OF TYPE OF DATE NO. OF LAW ACCIDENT VEHICLE 1 18 337 1 0 Ramannapet RTC bus hits 09-02-2016 (railway station) man 2 22 337 2 0 Ramannapet Car hits bike 17-02-2016 centre 3 29 337 2 0 Ramannapet Bike hits tree 04-03-2016 (petrol bunk) 4 40 304/A 0 1 Ramannapet Two bike hits 03-04-2016 5 52 304/A 0 1 Ramannapet Bike hits lorry 12-05-2016 6 61 337 4 0 Bogaram Truck hits bus 03-06-2016 7 69 337 5 0 Ramannapet Auto hits bike 20-06-2016 8 74 304/A 0 1 Ramannapet Lorry hits bike 15-11-2016 9 158 337 2 0 Ramannapet Bike hits lorry 26-12-2016 From all the above data, it can be clearly seen that the fatal accident occurs mainly when there is an involvement of heavy vehicles. Mainly the speed of the vehicles at sharp curves is the cause of the accidents and these are acting as a blind spot.