University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations Dissertations and Theses March 2020 ANGELS WHO STEPPED OUTSIDE THEIR HOUSES: “AMERICAN TRUE WOMANHOOD” AND NINETEENTH-CENTURY (TRANS)NATIONALISMS Gayathri M. Hewagama University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2 Part of the Literature in English, North America Commons Recommended Citation Hewagama, Gayathri M., "ANGELS WHO STEPPED OUTSIDE THEIR HOUSES: “AMERICAN TRUE WOMANHOOD” AND NINETEENTH-CENTURY (TRANS)NATIONALISMS" (2020). Doctoral Dissertations. 1830. https://doi.org/10.7275/4akx-mw86 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2/1830 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact
[email protected]. ANGELS WHO STEPPED OUTSIDE THEIR HOUSES: “AMERICAN TRUE WOMANHOOD” AND NINETEENTH-CENTURY (TRANS)NATIONALISMS A Dissertation Presented By GAYATHRI MADHURANGI HEWAGAMA Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY February 2020 Department of English © Copyright by Gayathri Madhurangi Hewagama 2020 All Rights Reserved ANGELS WHO STEPPED OUTSIDE THEIR HOUSES: “AMERICAN TRUE WOMANHOOD” AND NINETEENTH-CENTURY (TRANS)NATIONALISMS A Dissertation Presented By GAYATHRI MADHURANGI HEWAGAMA Approved as to style and content by Nicholas K. Bromell, Chair Hoang G. Phan, Member Randall K. Knoper, Member Adam Dahl, Member Donna LeCourt, Acting Chair Department of English DEDICATION To my mother, who taught me my first word in English.