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Sign Language Typology Series
SIGN LANGUAGE TYPOLOGY SERIES The Sign Language Typology Series is dedicated to the comparative study of sign languages around the world. Individual or collective works that systematically explore typological variation across sign languages are the focus of this series, with particular emphasis on undocumented, underdescribed and endangered sign languages. The scope of the series primarily includes cross-linguistic studies of grammatical domains across a larger or smaller sample of sign languages, but also encompasses the study of individual sign languages from a typological perspective and comparison between signed and spoken languages in terms of language modality, as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to sign language typology. Interrogative and Negative Constructions in Sign Languages Edited by Ulrike Zeshan Sign Language Typology Series No. 1 / Interrogative and negative constructions in sign languages / Ulrike Zeshan (ed.) / Nijmegen: Ishara Press 2006. ISBN-10: 90-8656-001-6 ISBN-13: 978-90-8656-001-1 © Ishara Press Stichting DEF Wundtlaan 1 6525XD Nijmegen The Netherlands Fax: +31-24-3521213 email: [email protected] http://ishara.def-intl.org Cover design: Sibaji Panda Printed in the Netherlands First published 2006 Catalogue copy of this book available at Depot van Nederlandse Publicaties, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Den Haag (www.kb.nl/depot) To the deaf pioneers in developing countries who have inspired all my work Contents Preface........................................................................................................10 -
Integrative System for Korean Sign Language Resources”
Development of an “Integrative System for Korean Sign Language Resources” Sung-Eun Hong1, Seongok Won1, Il Heo1, Hyunhwa Lee2 1Korea National University of Welfare, Department of Sign Language Interpretation, Korea 2National Institute of Korean Language, Promotion Division of Special Languages, Korea [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract In 2015, the KSL Corpus Project started to create a linguistic corpus of the Korean Sign Language (KSL). The collected data contains about 90 hours of sign language videos. Almost 17 hours of this sign language data has been annotated in ELAN, a professional annotation tool developed by the Max-Planck-Institute of Psycholinguistics in the Netherlands. In the first phase of annotation the research project faced three major difficulties. First there was no lexicon or lexical database available that means the annotators had to list the used sign types and link them with video clips showing the sign type. Second, having numerous annotators it was a challenge to manage and distribute the hundreds of movies and ELAN files. Third it was very difficult to control the quality of the annotation. In order to solve these problems the “Integrative System for Korean Sign Language Resources” was developed. This system administrates the signed movies and annotations files and also keeps track of the lexical database. Since all annotation files are uploaded into the system, the system is also able to manipulate the ELAN files. For example, tags are overwritten in the annotation when the name of the type has changed. Keywords: Korean Sign Language, corpus, annotation administration system, KSL resources documented the annotation conventions (National Institute 1. -
Sign Language Endangerment and Linguistic Diversity Ben Braithwaite
RESEARCH REPORT Sign language endangerment and linguistic diversity Ben Braithwaite University of the West Indies at St. Augustine It has become increasingly clear that current threats to global linguistic diversity are not re - stricted to the loss of spoken languages. Signed languages are vulnerable to familiar patterns of language shift and the global spread of a few influential languages. But the ecologies of signed languages are also affected by genetics, social attitudes toward deafness, educational and public health policies, and a widespread modality chauvinism that views spoken languages as inherently superior or more desirable. This research report reviews what is known about sign language vi - tality and endangerment globally, and considers the responses from communities, governments, and linguists. It is striking how little attention has been paid to sign language vitality, endangerment, and re - vitalization, even as research on signed languages has occupied an increasingly prominent posi - tion in linguistic theory. It is time for linguists from a broader range of backgrounds to consider the causes, consequences, and appropriate responses to current threats to sign language diversity. In doing so, we must articulate more clearly the value of this diversity to the field of linguistics and the responsibilities the field has toward preserving it.* Keywords : language endangerment, language vitality, language documentation, signed languages 1. Introduction. Concerns about sign language endangerment are not new. Almost immediately after the invention of film, the US National Association of the Deaf began producing films to capture American Sign Language (ASL), motivated by a fear within the deaf community that their language was endangered (Schuchman 2004). -
Sociocultural and Linguistic Contexts of the Russian Sign Language Functioning in Krasnoyarsk Krai
Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 2020 13(3): 296-303 DOI: 10.17516/1997-1370-0565 УДК 16.21.27 Sociocultural and Linguistic Contexts of the Russian Sign Language Functioning in Krasnoyarsk Krai Liudmila V. Kulikova and Sofya A. Shatokhina Siberian Federal University Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation Received 21.02.2020, received in revised form 25.02.2020, accepted 06.03.2020 Abstract. The article contains an ethnographic description of the conditions governing the use of the regional sign language in Krasnoyarsk Krai within the modern sociolinguistic context. The subject of the discussion is the problem of the linguistic design of sign languages in general, including some features of Russian Sign Language. The study provides statistical information and legal norms for the use of this iconic communication system. A study of the current state of Russian Sign Language functioning in Krasnoyarsk Krai allows us to talk about a change in the status of this sign language, an increasing interest in issues related to its applied significance, and reinforces the need to develop new theoretical approaches to its institutionalization. Keywords: Russian Sign Language, fingerspelling, regional variants, Krasnoyarsk krai, language policy. This research is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), Grant No. 20-012-00321 “Regional sign languages: multimodal electronic corpus (the case of the communicative space of Eastern Siberia)”. Research area: linguistics. Citation: Kulikova, L.V., Shatokhina, S.A. (2020). Sociocultural and linguistic contexts of the Russian Sign Language functioning in Krasnoyarsk Krai. J. Sib. Fed. Univ. Humanit. Soc. Sci., 13(3), 296-303. DOI: 10.17516/1997-1370-0565. -
Prayer Cards (709)
Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations A Che in China A'ou in China Population: 43,000 Population: 2,800 World Popl: 43,000 World Popl: 2,800 Total Countries: 1 Total Countries: 1 People Cluster: Tibeto-Burman, other People Cluster: Tai Main Language: Ache Main Language: Chinese, Mandarin Main Religion: Ethnic Religions Main Religion: Ethnic Religions Status: Unreached Status: Unreached Evangelicals: 0.00% Evangelicals: 0.00% Chr Adherents: 0.00% Chr Adherents: 0.00% Scripture: Translation Needed Scripture: Complete Bible www.joshuaproject.net Source: Operation China, Asia Harvest www.joshuaproject.net Source: Operation China, Asia Harvest "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations A-Hmao in China Achang in China Population: 458,000 Population: 35,000 World Popl: 458,000 World Popl: 74,000 Total Countries: 1 Total Countries: 2 People Cluster: Miao / Hmong People Cluster: Tibeto-Burman, other Main Language: Miao, Large Flowery Main Language: Achang Main Religion: Christianity Main Religion: Ethnic Religions Status: Significantly reached Status: Partially reached Evangelicals: 75.0% Evangelicals: 7.0% Chr Adherents: 80.0% Chr Adherents: 7.0% Scripture: Complete Bible Scripture: Complete Bible www.joshuaproject.net www.joshuaproject.net Source: Anonymous Source: Wikipedia "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Achang, Husa in China Adi -
Simultaneous Acquisition of Hong Kong Sign Language and Cantonese: Violation of Code-Blending Grammar
Simultaneous acquisition of Hong Kong Sign Language and Cantonese: violation of code-blending grammar Cat H.-M. Fung*, Gladys Tang The Chinese University of Hong Kong Abstract With strong oralist promotion by the Hong Kong government, of these two languages, CC did not only produce monolingual the deaf of deaf children receive speech training from early age utterances. In the Child HKSL Corpus, CC’s longitudinal data from and later become sign bilinguals. Exposing to two languages age 2;0 to 6;6 revealed both code-switching and code-blending simultaneously, HKSL-Cantonese bilingual children have to utterances. Examining TP and NegP, his code-blending utterances acquire the conflicting head-directionalities of TP and NegP, followed mostly Cantonese word order in the early stage while namely head-final TP/NegP in HKSL and head-initial TP/NegP HKSL word order did not emerge until age 4;6. Violating the in Cantonese. Given that adult code-blended T/Neg allows both adult code-blending grammar, CC’s bilingual utterances before Head-Comp and Comp-Head orders (Fung 2012, Fung & Tang 4;6 revealed his dominant language being Cantonese. 2012), HKSL-Cantonese children also have to deal with bilingual language mixing input. In this case study, CC, who has severe hearing loss, was born to deaf parents with a deaf younger sibling. Living together References with his hearing grandmother, he also receives daily speech 1. Fung, Hiu Man Cat. 2012. Code-blending in Early Hong Kong Sign Lan- input via the use of hearing aids. In addition, the visits of deaf guage: A Case Study. -
Sources of Variation in Mongolian Sign Language
33 Sources of Variation in Mongolian Sign Language Leah C. Geer University of Texas at Austin 1. Introduction1 During a nine month period in which data on Mongolian Sign Language (MSL) were collected in a Field Methods course, there were numerous instances of disagreement between language consultants on the correct sign for a given concept. The present paper seeks to describe these disagreements in terms of the potential sources of language variation among language consultants. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows: In section 1 we provide a sampling of previous work on language contact and language variation and describe the link between them. We then discuss the linguistic outcomes of contact situations between signed and spoken languages versus signed and signed languages as they relate to the present investigation. In section 2 we describe how data were collected and annotated and in section 3 we present our findings. Section 4 includes a discussion of these findings with respect to previous work on language contact, language variation, and language attitudes. In section 5 we close with brief mention of how to expand upon this work in the future. 1.1 Background: Language contact and language variation Several studies of lexical variation in signed languages have been undertaken: Lucas, Bayley & Valli (1991) for American Sign Language (ASL); Schembri, Johnston & Goswell (2006), Schembri & Johnston (2006, 2007) for Australian Sign Language (Auslan); and McKee & McKee (2011) for New Zealand Sign Language (NZSL), just to 1 Many thanks are in order here. First to our consultants (and in particular NB who has maintained contact with me and always been eager to answer questions), who shared their language with our group. -
Automatic Classification of Handshapes in Russian Sign
Proceedings of the 9th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages, pages 165–170 Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC 2020), Marseille, 11–16 May 2020 c European Language Resources Association (ELRA), licensed under CC-BY-NC Automatic Classification of Handshapes in Russian Sign Language Medet Mukushev∗, Alfarabi Imashev∗, Vadim Kimmelmany, Anara Sandygulova∗ ∗Department of Robotics and Mechatronics, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, 53, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan yDepartment of Linguistic, Literary and Aesthetic Studies, University of Bergen Postboks 7805, 5020, Bergen, Norway [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Handshapes are one of the basic parameters of signs, and any phonological or phonetic analysis of a sign language must account for handshapes. Many sign languages have been carefully analysed by sign language linguists to create handshape inventories. This has theoretical implications, but also applied use, as an inventory is necessary for generating corpora for sign languages that can be searched, filtered, sorted by different sign components (such as handshapes, orientation, location, movement, etc.). However, creating an inventory is a very time-consuming process, thus only a handful of sign languages have them. Therefore, in this work we firstly test an unsupervised approach with the aim to automatically generate a handshape inventory. The process includes hand detection, cropping, and clustering techniques, which we apply to a commonly used resource: the Spreadthesign online dictionary (www.spreadthesign.com), in particular to Russian Sign Language (RSL). We then manually verify the data to be able to apply supervised learning to classify new data. -
Typology of Signed Languages: Differentiation Through Kinship Terminology Erin Wilkinson
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of New Mexico University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Linguistics ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations 7-1-2009 Typology of Signed Languages: Differentiation through Kinship Terminology Erin Wilkinson Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ling_etds Recommended Citation Wilkinson, Erin. "Typology of Signed Languages: Differentiation through Kinship Terminology." (2009). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ling_etds/40 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Linguistics ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TYPOLOGY OF SIGNED LANGUAGES: DIFFERENTIATION THROUGH KINSHIP TERMINOLOGY BY ERIN LAINE WILKINSON B.A., Language Studies, Wellesley College, 1999 M.A., Linguistics, Gallaudet University, 2001 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Linguistics The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico August, 2009 ©2009, Erin Laine Wilkinson ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iii DEDICATION To my mother iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many thanks to Barbara Pennacchi for kick starting me on my dissertation by giving me a room at her house, cooking me dinner, and making Italian coffee in Rome during November 2007. Your endless support, patience, and thoughtful discussions are gratefully taken into my heart, and I truly appreciate what you have done for me. I heartily acknowledge Dr. William Croft, my advisor, for continuing to encourage me through the long number of months writing and rewriting these chapters. -
Sign Languages in Contact
INTRO_Sign_Pozos_Gaul_193027 7/30/07 11:19 AM Page 1 Editor’s Introduction: Outlining Considerations for the Study of Signed Language Contact David Quinto-Pozos To my knowledge, this volume represents the first book-length collec- tion of various accounts of contact between sign languages, and this brings with it excitement as well as the realization of challenges that lie ahead.1 As many researchers who are interested in language contact might suggest, it is exciting because these chapters contribute to our un- derstanding of the structural and social aspects of contact and how such contact affects language in the visual-gestural modality. They provide us with information about Deaf communities throughout the world, as well as language data that speak to the ways in which contact is manifested in those communities. This global perspective allows us to examine con- tact situations in search of commonalties and recurring patterns. It also enables us to see how some outcomes of contact between sign languages might or might not fit the general patterns of contact that have been demonstrated for spoken languages. Perhaps as a way to balance the ex- citement about this topic, the sobering truth is that we know so little about contact between sign languages. As a result, we are faced with the task of documenting examples of such contact and the challenge of ex- amining the effects of visual meaning creation on linguistic structures that occur in these contact situations. By focusing on this area of inquiry, we stand to gain much knowledge about how language works. The study of language contact among signed languages forces us to carefully consider how the visual-gestural modality of human com- munication influences language birth, development, change, and de- cay or loss from disuse. -
The Impact of Linguistic Colonialism on the Singapore Deaf
Revisiting the past to understand the present: The impact of linguistic colonialism on the Singapore Deaf Community and the evolution of Singapore Sign Language (SgSL) Phoebe Tay Gallaudet University & Deaf Bible Society • Peng introduced Shanghainese Sign Language (SSL) and written Background Chinese as the language of instruction in the school (Singapore Commentary on Language Debate Singapore has a history of colonialism, in both Singapore society and School for the Deaf 50th Anniversary Celebration 1963-2013 2013). Name: Ned (Pseudonym) the Singapore Deaf Community. This has influenced language • The Red Cross Society also provided an education for deaf Gender: Male ideologies and evolution of both spoken and sign languages. This children using oral communication modes around the same time. Age: 37 research examines the impact of linguistic colonialism on the • 1963 - the Singapore Chinese Sign School merged with the oral Ethnicity: Chinese Singapore Deaf Community and how language ideologies of Singapore school for the deaf. This became the Singapore School for the Deaf Background: deaf family, native SSL user society influence those of the Deaf community. The factors contributing (SSD). The school had a Chinese sign section and an oral section. Q: Do you think SEE-II benefits Deaf children? to historical change of sign language in Singapore will be explored. Peng became its first deaf principal. A: Yes, SEE is a must! Sure, it benefits deaf children. As it enforces According to Fontana, et al. (2017, 363), “changes in language attitude •Since SSD’s inception, there have been changes in deaf education the sentence to be gestured out word by word in a proper flow. -
Watchtower Publications List
WATCHTOWER PUBLICATIONS LIST January 2011 This booklet contains a list of items currently available in the United States. © 2011 WATCH TOWER BIBLE AND TRACT SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA All Rights Reserved Watchtower Publications List English (S-15-E Us) Made in the United States INTRODUCTION This Watchtower Publications List (S-15) is a listing of publications and languages available to con- gregations in your branch territory. After each monthly announcement to all congregations of new publi- cations available is received, please feel free to add the new publications to your list. This will help you to know quickly and easily what is currently available. Each item listed is preceded by a four-digit item number. To expedite and improve the handling of each congregation’s monthly literature request, please use the four-digit item number when requesting literature using the jw.org Web site or listing items on page 4 of the Literature Request Form (S-14). Special- request items, which are marked by an asterisk (*), should only be submitted when specifically requested by a publisher. Special-request items should not be stocked in anticipation of requests. Languages are listed alphabetically in the Watchtower Publications List, with the language that it is being generated in at the beginning. Items in the Watchtower Publications List are divided into appropriate categories for each language. Within each category, items are alphabetized by the first word in the title of the publication. The catego- ries are: Annual Items Dramas Calendars Empty