Town Survey Report, Cuddapah, Part X B, Series-2
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CENSUS OF INDIA 1981 Part - X 8 SERIES - 2 ANDHRA PRADESH TOWN SURVEY REPORT CUDDAPAH DRAFT KHAJA MOINUDDIN Assistant Director Of Census Operations D. KOTESWARA RAO Statistical Assistant EDITOR Ch. PURNACHANDRA RAO Deputy Director Of Census Operations Andhra Pradesh i 981 CENSUS PUBLICATIONS GOVERNMENT OF iNDIA PUBLICATIONS Series-2 Andhra Pradesh Part I-A Administration Report - Enumeration Part I-B Administration Report - Tabulation Part II-A General Population Tables - A Series Part 11-8 Primary Census Abstract Part III-A General Economic Tables - B Series III-B } Part IV-A Social and Cultural Tables - C Series IV-B } Part V-A } Migration Tables - 0 Series V-8 Part VI-A Fertility Tables - F Series VI-B } Part VII Tables on Houses and Disabled Population Part VIII-A HH Series Tables covering material of construction of Houses F. rt VIII-B Tables HH-17, HH-17 SC and HH-17 ST Part IX Special Tables on SC & ST Part X-A Town Directory Part X-8 Survey Reports on Selected Towns Part X-C Survey Reports on Selected Villages Part XI Ethnographic studies on SC & ST Part XII Census Atlas GOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH PUBLlCATIONS* District Census Handbooks Part XIII-A Village & Town Directory & Village & Town Primary (One Volume for each district B Census Abstract Vishakhapatnam DCHB-Two volumes) * Available for sale at the Publication Bureau, Government Central Press, Chenchalguda, Hyderabad-500 659. iii FOREWORD Apart from the decennial enumeration of population, the Indian Census is steeped in the tradition of undertaking a variety of studies of topical interest. In fact, the publications brought out in connection with the earlier censuses contained veritable mines of information on racial, cultural, linguistic and a number of other aspects of life of the people of this country. With the advent of freedom, however, the scope and dimension of these special studies had to be re-structured in a manner that would provide the basic feedbacks on the processes of development taking place in different spheres of life of the people especially under planned development. Thus, in connection with the 1961 Census, a massive programme was launched inter-alia to conduct socio-economic survey of about 500 villages selected from different parts of the country. The main objective of this study was to know the way of life of the people living in Indian villages which accounted for 82 per cent of the total population at the 1961 Census. There was, however, an imperative need to extend the area of the study to urban centres as well, to provide a complete coverage of the people living in diverse socio-economic conditions. It was with this objective in view ancillary studies on towns were launched as part of the social studies programme in connection with the 1971 Census. The programme of social studies taken up in connection with the 1971 Census, was continued without any major change at the 1981 Census as well. A study on traditional rural based handicrafts was, however, added as ,3 new item under the special study projects of the 1981 Census, For the conduct of urban study, 64 small and medium towns were selected from different parts of the country following the criteria such as (a) size, (b) demographic features, (c) functional characteristics, (d) specific industry or occupation dominating the economy, (e) location, (f) concentration of different castes and communities, and (g) other social and cultural phenomenon like temple town, health resort, etc, The research design, tools for data collection and formats for data tabulation and report writing required for urban studies were originally formulated by Dr. B.K. Roy Burman, the then Deputy Registrar General, Social Studies Division. His successor, Dr. N.G. Nag took considerable pains to revise all the formats to make them more comprehensive. Dr. K.P. Ittaman, the present Deputy Registrar General heading Social Studies Division, coordinated these studies at different levels as well as rendered necessary guidance to the Directorates of Census Operations for their successful consummation. Shri M.K. Jain, Senior Research Officer and Smt. Suman Prashar, Assistant Director of Census Operations with the able assistance of Shri S. Sanyal and Shri S,C, Madan, Investigators did a commendable job in scrutinizing the reports and communicating the comments thereon to the Directorates. I am grateful to all of them. The present report is the outcome of a study on Cuddapah town undertaken by the Directorate of Census Operations, Andhra Pradesh. I am indebted to Shri Ch. Purnachandra Rao, Deputy Director of Census Operations and his colleagues in the Census Directorate for their painstaking efforts in bringing out this report. New Delhi (V.S. Verma) 1 st of June, 1988 REGISTRAR GENERAL, INDIA. PREFACE Urbanisation is a process of modernisation of traditional society and it has become the sign of progress. With the advent of Five Year Plans, the tempo of economic development through industrialisation has been hastened and large scale urbanisation is taking place in the country. These urban centres are receptacles of manpower and talent, places of investment, centres of marketing, recreation, focus of power, agencies of defusive points of social change, centres of civilisation and points of contact with the outside world. Hence, the imperative need to extend the area of study to urban centres as well as in order to present a complete picture of India, both in its rural and urban settings was felt ,in the sixties. Thus as an ancillary to the 1971 Census, socio-economic survey of nearly 200 towns of different size classes was taken up throughout the country apart from taking up restudy of 70 villages to gauge developments that have taken place over the earlier 10 years. As a welcome tradition, ancillary to 1981 Census, socio-economic survey of 64 towns of different sizes and re-study of 70 villages throughout the country have been taken up. In Andhra Pradesh State, as ancillary to the 1971 Census socia-economic survey of three towns, Le., (1) Kakinada - a Class I - Service-cum-trade and commerce town under the category of administrative town; (2) Bhongir - a Class'" - primary activity-cum-trade and commerce town which comes under the category of a town in the year of influence of a metropolice - Hyderabad City - Capital of the State and (3) Manthani - a Class IV - primary activities town and also an ancient seat of learning - was taken up. The urban population in the country increased from 10.84 per cent in 1901 to 19.91 per cent in 1971 and 23.31 per cent in 1981. While in Andhra Pradesh, urban population increased from 6.65 per cent in 1901 to 19.3 per cent in 1971 and 23.32 per cent in 1981. It shows that the phase of urbanisation in Andhra Pradesh is almost in tune with the country over the past 8 decades. Now as ancillary to the 1981 Census for socio-economic survey three towns are selected, viz. Cuddapah - a Class I - trade and commerce - service-cum-industrial town under the category of administrative town (headquarters of the district of the same name); (2) Rajahmundry - a historic city, the most important cultural centre of the coastal districts of the state particularly in the pre ... independence days and now a flourishing trade and commerce-cum-cultural centre; and (3) Chirala - Class II - Industrial town - a famous centre of handloom weaving. In addition to the above three 'towns, socio-economic survey of Tirupati-Tirumala a trade and commerce town - has temple town, the seat of Lord Venkateswara also known as Balaji, the most famous temple in the country also has been taken up as a spill over item of the 1971 Census and completed. The present monograph deals with Cuddapah, a class I - trade and commerce cum-service-cum-industrial town is also the headquarters of the district of the same name. Situated- at a distance of 260 kms. north-west of Madras city on Madras-Bombay broad gauge line, and the Kurnool-Chittoor state highway passes through this town. Known as the gateway of threshhold (Cuddapah) to Tirupathi, the famous pilgrim centre of All India fame, it is well connected by rail and road services. It is the birth place of very famous and eminent Telugu poets like Nachana Somanadha and Bammera Pothana, the author of Bhagavatham and Allasani Peddana, the first amongst the eight famous poets (Asta Diggajas) of Vijayanagara Empire of Krishnadevaraya times. It was a seat of Muslim Nawabs (Nawabs of Cuddapah) for well over two centuries who patronised Urdu literature. It has a significant size of Muslim population. It is one of the oldest municipal towns vi established in 1866 in the composite Madras State and an important trade and commerce centre with the other three districts of Rayalaseema region and Nellore, the sou~hern coastal Andhra district as hinterland. It is famous for barytes mining industry and 'Cuddapah slab-stones'. An account of the history, growth, socio-economic and cultural aspects of this central district city of Rayalaseema region is given in this monograph. A team of six Statistical Assistants S/Shri D. Koteswara Rao, P.S. Naidu, V. Babu Rao, S. Ramakrishna, S. Pitchanna and S.A. Qaiyum carried out the field survey under the guidance of Shri Khaja Moinuddin, Assistant Director of Census Operations during the months of March, April and June, 1987. Tabulation was attended by S/Shri M.A. Elah, G. Venkateswara Rao and K.Y. Sadanandam in addition to the above Statistical Assistants, who conducted the field work. The draft was prepared by Shri Khaja Moinuddin, Assistant Director of Census Operations and Shri D. Koteswara Rao, Investigator.