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Study and Characterization of EN AW 6181/6082-T6 and EN AC
metals Article Study and Characterization of EN AW 6181/6082-T6 and EN AC 42100-T6 Aluminum Alloy Welding of Structural Applications: Metal Inert Gas (MIG), Cold Metal Transfer (CMT), and Fiber Laser-MIG Hybrid Comparison Giovanna Cornacchia * and Silvia Cecchel DIMI, Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, University of Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-030-371-5827; Fax: +39-030-370-2448 Received: 18 February 2020; Accepted: 26 March 2020; Published: 27 March 2020 Abstract: The present research investigates the effects of different welding techniques, namely traditional metal inert gas (MIG), cold metal transfer (CMT), and fiber laser-MIG hybrid, on the microstructural and mechanical properties of joints between extruded EN AW 6181/6082-T6 and cast EN AC 42100-T6 aluminum alloys. These types of weld are very interesting for junctions of Al-alloys parts in the transportation field to promote the lightweight of a large scale chassis. The weld joints were characterized through various metallurgical methods including optical microscopy and hardness measurements to assess their microstructure and to individuate the nature of the intermetallics, their morphology, and distribution. The results allowed for the evaluation of the discrepancies between the welding technologies (MIG, CMT, fiber laser) on different aluminum alloys that represent an exhaustive range of possible joints of a frame. For this reason, both simple bar samples and real junctions of a prototype frame of a sports car were studied and, compared where possible. The study demonstrated the higher quality of innovative CMT and fiber laser-MIG hybrid welding than traditional MIG and the comparison between casting and extrusion techniques provide some inputs for future developments in the automotive field. -
Railway Employee Records for Colorado Volume Iii
RAILWAY EMPLOYEE RECORDS FOR COLORADO VOLUME III By Gerald E. Sherard (2005) When Denver’s Union Station opened in 1881, it saw 88 trains a day during its gold-rush peak. When passenger trains were a popular way to travel, Union Station regularly saw sixty to eighty daily arrivals and departures and as many as a million passengers a year. Many freight trains also passed through the area. In the early 1900s, there were 2.25 million railroad workers in America. After World War II the popularity and frequency of train travel began to wane. The first railroad line to be completed in Colorado was in 1871 and was the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad line between Denver and Colorado Springs. A question we often hear is: “My father used to work for the railroad. How can I get information on Him?” Most railroad historical societies have no records on employees. Most employment records are owned today by the surviving railroad companies and the Railroad Retirement Board. For example, most such records for the Union Pacific Railroad are in storage in Hutchinson, Kansas salt mines, off limits to all but the lawyers. The Union Pacific currently declines to help with former employee genealogy requests. However, if you are looking for railroad employee records for early Colorado railroads, you may have some success. The Colorado Railroad Museum Library currently has 11,368 employee personnel records. These Colorado employee records are primarily for the following railroads which are not longer operating. Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad (AT&SF) Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad employee records of employment are recorded in a bound ledger book (record number 736) and box numbers 766 and 1287 for the years 1883 through 1939 for the joint line from Denver to Pueblo. -
Product Catalog This Hobart® Catalog Represents an Interim Stage in the Brand Consolidation Process Announced by Hobart Brothers Company in May 2013
Product Catalog This Hobart® catalog represents an interim stage in the brand consolidation process announced by Hobart Brothers Company in May 2013. Included are products branded Tri-Mark® by Hobart alongside Hobart products. In these instances, the products are identical in formulation and manufacturing. Ultimately, Hobart will replace all Tri-Mark options. The catalog now also includes aluminum products formerly under the MAXAL® brand. Why the consolidation and this transition? In one word: simplification. Offering a single Hobart brand allows distributors and end users access to a full line of filler metals, ensuring the right product for the right application — every time. The addition of our collaborative-based service and filler metal expertise helps provide solutions to lower costs and increase productivity. For further information, contact our customer service team at 800-424-1543 or call our Applications Engineering Team at 800-532-2618 or email [email protected] Table of Contents Mild Steel & Low Alloy Stick Electrodes AWS Classifications and Oven Storage and Reconditioning of Stick Electrodes ............................................................... 2 Pipemaster® Pro-60, Pipemaster® 60, Hobart® 610 ...................................................................................................... 3 Pipemaster® 70, Pipemaster® 80, Pipemaster® 90 ......................................................................................................... 4 Hobart® 335A, Hobart® 335C, Hobart® 447A -
Weldability of High Strength Aluminium Alloys
Muyiwa Olabode WELDABILITY OF HIGH STRENGTH ALUMINIUM ALLOYS Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Science (Technology) to be presented with due permission for public examination and criticism in lecture hall 1382 at Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland on the 1st of December, 2015, at noon. Acta Universitatis Lappeenrantaensis 666 Supervisors Professor Jukka Martikainen Laboratory of Welding Technology LUT School of Energy Systems Lappeenranta University of Technology Finland Associate Professor Paul Kah Laboratory of Welding Technology LUT School of Energy Systems Lappeenranta University of Technology Finland Reviewers Professor Leif Karlsson Department of Engineering Science University West Sweden Professor Thomas Boellinghaus Department of Component Safety Federal Institute of Material Research and Testing Germany Opponent Professor Leif Karlsson Department of Engineering Science University West Sweden ISBN 978-952-265-865-4 ISBN 978-952-265-866-1 (PDF) ISSN-L 1456-4491 ISSN 1456-4491 Lappeenrannan teknillinen yliopisto Yliopistopaino 2015 Abstract Muyiwa Olabode Weldability of high strength aluminium alloys Lappeenranta 2015 59 pages Acta Universitatis Lappeenrantaensis 666 Diss. Lappeenranta University of Technology ISBN 978-952-265-865-4, ISBN 978-952-265-866-1 (PDF), ISSN-L 1456-4491, ISSN 1456-4491 The need for reduced intrinsic weight of structures and vehicles in the transportation industry has made aluminium research of interest. Aluminium has properties that are favourable for structural engineering, including good strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance and machinability. It can be easily recycled saving energy used in smelting as compared to steel. Its alloys can have ultimate tensile strength of up to 750 MPa, which is comparable to steel. -
Boilermaker Health & Safety Manual
Boilermakers Health & Safety Manual ihsa.ca Boilermakers Health & Safety Manual Infrastructure Health & Safety Association 5110 Creekbank Road, Suite 400 Mississauga, Ontario L4W 0A1 Canada 1-800-263-5024 ihsa.ca 1 Boilermakers Health & Safety Manual IHSA has additional information on this and other topics. Visit ihsa.ca or call Customer Service at 1-800-263-5024. The contents of this publication are for general information only. This publication should not be regarded or relied upon as a definitive guide to government regulations or to safety practices and procedures. The contents of this publication were, to the best of our knowledge, current at the time of printing. However, no representations of any kind are made with regard to the accuracy, completeness, or sufficiency of the contents. The appropriate regulations and statutes should be consulted. Readers should not act on the information contained herein without seeking specific independent legal advice on their specific circumstance. The Infrastructure Health & Safety Association is pleased to answer individual requests for counselling and advice. This manual was developed, reviewed, and endorsed by the Boilermakers Labour-Management Health and Safety Committee in association with IHSA. Manual IHSA editor: Lori-Lynn Bonnell, design and illustrations: Philippa Giancontieri; project manager: Mike Russo. The Infrastructure Health & Safety Association would like to thank the members of the working group for contributing their knowledge, experience, and time to produce a health and safety manual that will benefit both labour and management in the boilermaker sector. The working group included representatives from the Boilermaker Contractors’ Association (BCA) as well as: · Marty Albright – Alstom Power Canada Inc. -
Fire Protection of Steel Structures: Examples of Applications
Fire protection of steel structures: examples of applications Autor(en): Brozzetti, Jacques / Pettersson, Ove / Law, Margaret Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: IABSE proceedings = Mémoires AIPC = IVBH Abhandlungen Band (Jahr): 7 (1983) Heft P-61: Fire protection of steel structures: examples of applications PDF erstellt am: 06.10.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-37489 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch J% IABSE periodica 2/1983 IABSE PROCEEDINGS P-61/83 69 Fire Protection of Steel Structures — Examples of Applications Protection contre le feu des structures acier — Quelques exemples d'applications Brandschutz der Stahlkonstruktionen — Einige Anwendungsbeispiele Jacques BROZZETTI Margaret LAW Dir., Dep. -
WELD 1030 Pattern Development
PELLISSIPPI STATE COMMUNITY COLLEGE MASTER SYLLABUS PATTERN DEVELOPMENT WELD 1030 Class Hours: 2.0 Credit Hours: 2 Laboratory Hours: 2.0 Revised: Spring 2017 Catalog Course Description With an emphasis on the practical applications of pattern development, students construct basic forms using parallel line pattern development techniques. The course also introduces students to tools of the trade, geometric construction and bend allowance computations. Prerequisites NONE Corequisites MATH 1010 or MATH 1530 or MATH 1630 or MATH 1710 or MATH 1720 or MATH 1730 or MATH 1830 or MATH 1910 Textbook(s) and Other Course Materials Sheet Metal, Latest Edition, Leo A. Meyer, American Technical Publishers, Week/Unit/Topic Basis Week Topic 1. Introduction, Sheet Metal Working Tools and Machinery 2. Fasteners for Sheet Metal, Using Patterns and Cutting Metal 3. Punching, Drilling, and Riveting Folding Edges and Making Seams 4. Turning, Barring and Raising, Forming, Crimping, Beading and Grooving 5. Soldering 6. Drawing for Pattern Drafting 7. Making and Notching Simple Patterns 8. Parallel Line Development 9. Lab Projects 10. Review / Final Exam Welding Technology General Outcomes (Educational objectives) 1. Reach their full potential in the welding field. 2. Use the correct procedure in setting up equipment, and the skills used in welding. 3. Use Shielded Metal Arc Welding, Gas Metal Arc Welding, and Gas Tungsten Arc Welding machines in both pipe and plate welding. 4. Explain the physical characteristics of different metals 5. Develop the cognitive and physical skills necessary to pass certification tests. 6. Apply welding knowledge to effectively utilize problem solving skills as it relates to the operation of equipment in the industry. -
Part 2, Materials and Welding
RULE REQUIREMENTS FOR MATERIALS AND WELDING 2002 PART 2 American Bureau of Shipping Incorporated by Act of Legislature of the State of New York 1862 Copyright 2001 American Bureau of Shipping ABS Plaza 16855 Northchase Drive Houston, TX 77060 USA Rule Change Notice (2002) The effective date of each technical change since 1993 is shown in parenthesis at the end of the subsection/paragraph titles within the text of each Part. Unless a particular date and month are shown, the years in parentheses refer to the following effective dates: (2000) and after 1 January 2000 (and subsequent years) (1996) 9 May 1996 (1999) 12 May 1999 (1995) 15 May 1995 (1998) 13 May 1998 (1994) 9 May 1994 (1997) 19 May 1997 (1993) 11 May 1993 Listing by Effective Dates of Changes from the 2001 Rules EFFECTIVE DATE 1 January 2001 (based on the contract date for construction) Part/Para. No. Title/Subject Status/Remarks 2-1-1/15.1 Permissible Variations in To clarify that mill scale is to be considered when the Dimensions – Scope plate is produced for compliance with the specified under tolerance Section 2-4-4 Piping To align ABS requirements with IACS UR P2 regarding fabrication of piping and non-destructive examinations, and to outline the requirements for the heat treatment of piping. This Section is applicable only to piping for installation on vessels to be built in accordance with the Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels. ii ABS RULE REQUIREMENTS FOR MATERIALS AND WELDING . 2002 PART 2 Foreword For the 1996 edition, the “Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels – Part 2: Materials and Welding” was re-titled “Rule Requirements for Materials and Welding – Part 2.” The purpose of this generic title was to emphasize the common applicability of the material and welding requirements in “Part 2” to ABS-classed vessels, other marine structures and their associated machinery, and thereby make “Part 2” more readily a common “Part” of the various ABS Rules and Guides, as appropriate. -
Tool and Die Makers, Turret and Engine Lathe Operators, Sheet Metal
DO CU M E N T R ES U ME ED 025 582 VT 000 415 A Survey of Demand in Selected MetalworkingOccupations for Major Areas of Idaho. Idaho State Dept. of Employment, Boise. Pub Date Oct 66 Note- 34p. EDRS Price MF-$0.25 HC-$1.80 Descriptors-*Educational Needs, Employer Attitudes, *EmploymentOpportunities, *Employment Projections, Employment Statistics, Labor Supply, Metal WorkingOccupations, Occupational Information,*Occupational Surveys, Questionnaires, Skilled Occupations, Trade andIndustrial Education Identifiers- Idaho To determine the state and area impactof occupational shortages inthe metal working,skills in Idaho and to provide abasis for planningeffective vocational education programs, the IdahoDepartment of Employmentconducted a sample survey of 68 employers in the metal workingoccupations. The occupations wereselected from a national list of hard-to-findmetal workers and ihcludedmachinists, welders, tool and die makers, turret and enginelathe operators, sheetmetal workers, structural steel workers, andboilermakers. The study,conducted inApril1966, .encompasses the ninemost populous counties inIdaho including 55 percentof the (1) The lack of qualified metalworkers has population. Some weneral conclusions were: of the not caused curtailmentof operation, (2) More welderswill be needed than any other survey occupations, (3)The demand for qualifiedmachinists should remain at a high level and (4) Seasonality inthe total employment ofworkers was implied bythe survey for the occupationsof welders, structural steelworkers, sheet metal workers, machinists, and. boilermakers.Statistical data is presented intable form and the interview questionnaire is included inthe appendix. (DM) 4 Ow. 111111111111111 11111111higill U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGLNIZATION ORIGINATING IT.POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL Of FICE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY. -
Welding on the Farm: Selecting a Welding Unit for the Farm Or Ranch
Welding on the Farm: Selecting a Welding Unit for the Farm or Ranch Farms encounter a wide variety of welding repairs and projects – having the right welder depends on a lot of factors. Do you have to bring the welder to the work or can you take the work to the welder? Which process (MIG, Stick, or TIG) fits your needs? This article examines all these issues and more. The weather finally cleared, and Wisconsin dairy farmer Al Hoffmann has 385 acres of haylage to cut and store when the chopper blower band for the silo snaps in half. Part of the 3/16 in. steel band has worn paper thin and snapped, and on this Saturday, the nearest replacement band is two days away. Using a 200 amp Millermatic® wire welder, Al saves the band by tack welding it together and then welding on a back-up strip of steel. The repaired chopper blower moves more than 800 tons of haylage in the next few days... ...It's evening milking time. Al is half done with his 185 cows when a hinge breaks on the air gate in the milking parlor. Al resumes milking a few minutes later, after he repairs the gate with a portable Millermatic wire welder that runs off his 115 V household current. "This farm has a lot of old iron, but welders keep my machinery running," Al says. In addition to the two wire welders, Al also uses a 175 amp Stick (shielded metal arc) welder, primarily for hardfacing the bucket on his skid loader or repairing his manure spreader. -
Bifilm Inclusions in High Alloyed Cast Iron
materials Article Bifilm Inclusions in High Alloyed Cast Iron Marcin Stawarz * and Malwina Dojka Department of Foundry Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 7 Towarowa Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-32-338-5532 Abstract: Continuous improvement in the quality of castings is especially important since a cast without defects is a more competitive product due to its longer lifecycle and cheaper operation. Producing quality castings requires comprehensive knowledge of their production, crystallization process, and chemical composition. The crystallization of alloyed ductile iron (without the addition of magnesium) with oxide bifilm inclusions is discussed. These inclusions reduce the quality of the castings, but they are a catalyst for the growth of spheroidal graphite that crystallizes in their vicinity. The research was carried out for cast iron with a highly hyper-eutectic composition. Scanning electron microscopy and EDS analysis were used in the research. A detailed analysis of the chemical composition was also carried out based on the spectrometric method, weight method, etc. Based on the obtained results, a model of spheroidal graphite crystallization near bifilm inclusions was proposed. The surface of the analyzed graphite particles was smooth, which suggests a primary crystallization process. The phenomenon of simple graphite and bifilm segregation towards the heat center of the castings was also documented. Keywords: bifilms; spheroidal graphite; alloyed cast iron; crystallization Citation: Stawarz, M.; Dojka, M. Bifilm Inclusions in High Alloyed Cast Iron. Materials 2021, 14, 3067. 1. Introduction https://doi.org/10.3390/ Foundry engineering processes are prone to many issues during casting manufactur- ma14113067 ing that may influence the final casting quality. -
Hand-Forging and Wrought-Iron Ornamental Work
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