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Software and Hardware Open Repository for Embedded Systems Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2017 Vol I WCECS 2017, October 25-27, 2017, San Francisco, USA SHORES: Software and Hardware Open Repository for Embedded Systems Laurentiu Acasandrei, and Angel Barriga, Member, IAENG A. OSHW sites Abstract— This communication describes an open source repository for embedded software and hardware designs. Its There are few open source hardware products compared main goal is to make available to everyone, in an open-source to the case of software. Resources exist primarily oriented to style, the designs and results from academia/research specific applications [4-7]. community. SHORES hosts the source code of various software There are few repositories that offer multiple open source and hardware design projects, that combined with the newest hardware projects. Table I shows a list (not intended to be algorithms proposed by academia, give birth to embedded solutions to the most challenging obstacles in the fields of complete) of some of the main repositories. vision, bio-cryptography, signal processing, etc. SHORES OpenCores [8] is the most known site of open source resources are distribute under the terms of the GNU General hardware IP cores. It host a large set of source code for Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; different digital hardware projects (IP-cores, System on either version 2 of the license, or any later version. Chip (SoC), boards, etc) and support the users with different tools, platforms, forums and other useful information. One Index Terms—Embedded system, intellectual property useful resource of this site is the forums in which users can module, open source hardware, open source software. interact for help, exchange ideas, knowledge and experience. This active site is the starting point for I. INTRODUCTION searching open source hardware for any designer. Freecores [9] contain cores most of which are in he open source philosophy is well known in software, OpenCores. The main useful of this site is to provide the and has been exploited extensively. However the T benefit of using git (a distributed revision control systems). concept of open source hardware is more recent. The Open Open Hardware Repository [10] at CERN is a site Source Hardware Association [1] defined the open source containing open hardware resources at experimental physics hardware (OSHW) as “a term for tangible artifacts applications. This site offers two kinds of facilities: open (machines, devices, or other physical things) whose design hardware projects and support (containing information for has been released to the public in such a way that anyone users). can make, modify, distribute, and use those things. This The BeagleBoard.org Foundation [11] is a non-profit definition is intended to help provide guidelines for the corporation existing to provide education and promotion of development and evaluation of licenses for Open Source the design and use of open source software and hardware in Hardware”. embedded computing. BeagleBoard.org provides a There are different types of OSHW products. One type of communication forum for the owners and developers of OSHW products are electronic artefacts that are distributed open-source software and hardware. so that the user can access to all the information for implementation such as the schematic, system specifications, component distributers, etc. An example of this type of product is Open Electronics [2]. For other type Table I. OSHW sites of OSHW products the development tools are provided. A Name Ref # Projects well-known example is Arduino [3]. OpenCores [8] 1241 Another type of OSHW product corresponds to IP Freecores [9] 768 (Intellectual Property) modules described in a hardware OHWR [10] 100 description language. These modules can be used and BeagleBoard.org [11] 484 modified by the user to implement a specific application. Foundation The rise of this type of product began with the development Zoybar [12] 25 of FPGA devices. SHORES [13] 10 Free Model > 11,000 [14] Foundry components Manuscript received May 10th, 2017; revised June 8th, 2017 This work TimVideos [16] 4 was supported in part by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad under Milkymist [17] 4 the Projects TEC2014-57971-R, co-financed by FEDER. Laurentiu Acasandrei is with the Instituto de Microelectrónica de MinSoC [18] 1 Sevilla, IMSE-CNM, CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain (e-mail: [email protected]). Angel Barriga is with the Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE-CNM, CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain (e-mail: [email protected]). ISBN: 978-988-14047-5-6 WCECS 2017 ISSN: 2078-0958 (Print); ISSN: 2078-0966 (Online) Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2017 Vol I WCECS 2017, October 25-27, 2017, San Francisco, USA Other examples correspond to IP modules of processors SHORES hosts the source code of various software and (and associated peripherals) that are distributed under the hardware design projects that combined with the newest concept of open source hardware. Here we highlight the algorithms proposed by academia give birth to embedded case of Leon [18], OpenRisc [8], OpenSparc [19], S1 Core solutions to the most challenging obstacles in the fields of [20], F-cpu [21], etc. vision, bio-cryptography, signal processing, etc. For the case of open source software there are numerous sites for embedded software applications. Some examples II. SHORES REPOSITORY DESCRIPTION are: OpenEmbedded [22], SourceForge [23], Open Figure 1 shows the home page of the repository. The Embedded Software Foundation [24], Embedded [25], etc. repository is organized into two main areas: Software and B. Licensing issues Hardware. There is also planned an area of algorithms that An important issue to consider for open source is the currently has no content. In each area the different projects license aspect. In this case, OSHW inherits the open source are organized into categories. software licenses scheme. According to [1] “in general, An important characteristic of the projects included in the there are two broad classes of open-source repository is that they have been tested in specific licenses: copyleft and permissive. Copyleft licenses (also applications. This means that these are projects that have referred to as “share-alike” or “viral”) are those which been proven and, therefore, are operational on the platform require derivative works to be released under the same indicated in the project description. license as the original; common copyleft licenses include the GNU General Public License (GPL) and the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Other copyleft licenses have been specifically designed for hardware; they include the CERN Open Hardware License (OHL) and the TAPR Open Hardware License (OHL). Permissive licenses are those which allow for proprietary (closed) derivatives; they include the FreeBSD license, the MIT license, and the Creative Commons Attribution license. Licenses that prevent commercial use are not compatible with open-source”. The GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) is a non-viral license, instead GPL which is viral, widely used. Open source concept means that the source code is publicly available under a license that gives users the right to change, and distribute the software. The term was coined in 1998 by Open Source Initiative (OSI). The "free" of open source refers exclusively to the source code, and it is possible to make business giving support, services, Fig. 1. SHORES home page. documentation, and even binary versions. The Software area of SHORES site contains embedded All the free software can be described as open source, software projects. They are embedded applications running however almost all open source software is free software. on a specific processor indicated in the project description. The difference is subtle but in the case of hardware the term In general, software applications have been written to make "open source" is more appropriate since the sources, them independent of the execution platform. Therefore the schematic, etc., are offered, and the user is who makes the direct portability to other platforms should be feasible. implementation. Therefore, OSHW is closer to the concept Source files and documentation for the user to modify and Do-It-Yourself (DIY) [26]. adapt them to their needs are supplied. Another issue that may raise doubts in the field of open Currently the software projects are focused within the source refers to the authors copyright. As described in [27] category of Embedded Vision (EV). There are 3 projects there are many possible scenarios in the case of open source related to detection and recognition. In particular these projects. In any case OSHW, like as in software, are focus on face detection and recognition, but can be applied protected by copyright laws. For open source the author is to the detection and recognition of objects in general. granting the user a license of the copyrighted hardware. The Hardware area contains designs of hardware IPs copyright and author rights of the work are given to the organized into four categories: Communication Interfaces author whatever are the terms of the license. (CI), Embedded Vision (EV), Arithmetic Circuits (AC) and C. SHORES site Video Coder/Encoder (VC). The circuits are described in Software and Hardware Open Repository for Embedded VHDL and are portable to various FPGA and ASIC Systems (SHORES) is an open source repository for technologies. embedded Software and Hardware designs. Its main goal is The information displayed for each project aims to to make available to everyone, in an open-source style, the identify functionality, design status, dependence with other designs and results from academia/research community. projects and associated references. Figure 2 shows an example of a project. Each project has an ID that identifies ISBN: 978-988-14047-5-6 WCECS 2017 ISSN: 2078-0958 (Print); ISSN: 2078-0966 (Online) Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2017 Vol I WCECS 2017, October 25-27, 2017, San Francisco, USA it.
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