Compagne E Compagni, Come Militante Della Federazione Di Pisa
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Amadeo Bordiga and the Myth of Antonio Gramsci
AMADEO BORDIGA AND THE MYTH OF ANTONIO GRAMSCI John Chiaradia PREFACE A fruitful contribution to the renaissance of Marxism requires a purely historical treatment of the twenties as a period of the revolutionary working class movement which is now entirely closed. This is the only way to make its experiences and lessons properly relevant to the essentially new phase of the present. Gyorgy Lukács, 1967 Marxism has been the greatest fantasy of our century. Leszek Kolakowski When I began this commentary, both the USSR and the PCI (the Italian Communist Party) had disappeared. Basing myself on earlier archival work and supplementary readings, I set out to show that the change signified by the rise of Antonio Gramsci to leadership (1924-1926) had, contrary to nearly all extant commentary on that event, a profoundly negative impact on Italian Communism. As a result and in time, the very essence of the party was drained, and it was derailed from its original intent, namely, that of class revolution. As a consequence of these changes, the party would play an altogether different role from the one it had been intended for. By way of evidence, my intention was to establish two points and draw the connecting straight line. They were: one, developments in the Soviet party; two, the tandem echo in the Italian party led by Gramsci, with the connecting line being the ideology and practices associated at the time with Stalin, which I label Center communism. Hence, from the time of Gramsci’s return from the USSR in 1924, there had been a parental relationship between the two parties. -
Luigi Longo, Un Segretario Comunista Troppo Dimenticato
Luigi Longo, un segretario comunista troppo dimenticato Cade in queste settimane il quarantesimo anniversario della morte di Luigi Longo (1900-1980). Dopo essere stato in carcere in Italia e Francia, fu partecipe della guerra civile spagnola nelle Brigate internazionali (1936-1939), poi comandante partigiano delle brigate comuniste con il nome di battaglia “Gallo”, poi ancora segretario del Pci nel periodo 1964-1972 dopo la morte di Palmiro Togliatti e prima dell’elezione di Enrico Berlinguer. In Dialogo sull’antifascismo, il Pci e l’Italia repubblicana (Editori Riuniti university press, 2013) tra Aldo Natoli e Vittorio Foa, il primo riconosce il ruolo che ebbe Longo nel corso dell’invasione della Cecoslovacchia da parte delle truppe del Patto di Varsavia: La posizione di critica netta che Longo fece giustamente, una delle sue iniziative migliori in fondo, e quindi come tale passò nella politica ufficiale del partito, non era per niente condivisa dalla base. Natoli spiega a Foa che Longo ebbe un ruolo decisivo nel prendere le distanze da Mosca nella crisi di Praga del 1968 e nel pubblicare il Memoriale di Yalta, l’ultimo scritto di Palmiro Togliatti alla vigilia della sua morte nell’agosto 1964, dove erano contenuti critici giudizi su Mosca e Pechino, auspicando la ricostruzione dell’unità del movimento comunista internazionale su altre basi. Si deve citare a favore della segreteria di Longo anche l’incontro con gli studenti del ’68 nel maggio di quell’anno nella sede del partito a Botteghe oscure: un gesto positivo di dialogo con il movimento nascente. Fu una scelta su cui insistette proprio Longo, che in un’intervista a Rinascita ne spiegò le motivazioni contro le titubanze di altri dirigenti del partito. -
The Italian Communist Party 1921--1964: a Profile
University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers 1-1-1966 The Italian Communist Party 1921--1964: A profile. Aldo U. Marchini University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd Recommended Citation Marchini, Aldo U., "The Italian Communist Party 1921--1964: A profile." (1966). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 6438. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/6438 This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters’ theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). Under this license, works must always be attributed to the copyright holder (original author), cannot be used for any commercial purposes, and may not be altered. Any other use would require the permission of the copyright holder. Students may inquire about withdrawing their dissertation and/or thesis from this database. For additional inquiries, please contact the repository administrator via email ([email protected]) or by telephone at 519-253-3000ext. 3208. NOTE TO USERS Page(s) not included in the original manuscript and are unavailable from the author or university. The manuscript was scanned as received. it This reproduction is the best copy available. UMI Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE ITALIAN COkkUNIST PARTY 1921 - 196A: A PROPILE by ALDO U. -
Macaluso Il Combattente
Quotidiano Data 20-01-2021 IL FOGLIO Pagina 1+I Foglio 1 / 2 • MACALUSO IL COMBATTENTE Articoli di Sofri, Cundari, Magno nell'inserto I MACALUSO IL COMBATTENTE Per 96 anni ha incarnato la battaglia culturale e la battaglia politica della sinistra italiana. Tre libri per ripercorrere la vita e il pensiero dell'intellettuale scomparso ieri battute salaci". Conseguito il diploma, il pa- nel Pci), Macaluso cominciava istintivamen- dre lo volle con sé in miniera, in una landa te da lì. "Ho un ricordo nitido della degrada- di Francesco Cundari sperduta, e lui s'intristì al punto da togliersi zione e della violenza che mi ferivano negli la vita. Osserva a questo punto del racconto anni della fanciullezza", scrive, rievocando i ipercorrere la vita di Emanuele Macaluso Macaluso:"La miniera non uccideva solo con pianterreni occupati dagli zolfatari, dove vi- significa ripercorrere l'intera storia della il grisù, ma anche con l'isolamento e la bruta- vevano in dieci in uno stanzone. E il compa- sinistra e dell'Italia repubblicana,e per chiun- lità di un'esistenza trascorsa tra uomini che gno di giochi il cui padre,"come tutti gli zolfa- que si sia mai minimamente interessato all'u- lavoravano come bestie, rischiavano la vita, tari", tornava dalla miniera ogni quindici na o all'altra, anche fare un lungo giro tra gli mangiavano pane e pomodoro,riposavano in giorni, "la sera si ubriacava e picchiava la scaffali della propria libreria. Perché Macalu- case che non erano case e aspettavano la fine moglie e i figli Rosa, Maria, Minicu". Bisogna so, oltre che importante dirigente sindacale della settimana o della quindicina per torna- provare a seguire il filo dei suoi pensieri. -
Ken Magazine, the Consumer Market, and the Spanish Civil
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Department of English POLITICS, THE PRESS, AND PERSUASIVE AESTHETICS: SHAPING THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR IN AMERICAN PERIODICALS A Dissertation in English by Gregory S. Baptista © 2009 Gregory S. Baptista Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2009 ii The dissertation of Gregory S. Baptista was reviewed and approved* by the following: Mark S. Morrisson Associate Professor of English Graduate Director Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Robin Schulze Professor of English Department Head Sandra Spanier Professor of English and Women’s Studies James L.W. West III Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of English Philip Jenkins Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of the Humanities *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT This dissertation explores the presentation of the Spanish Civil War in selected American periodicals. Understanding how war-related works functioned (aesthetically and rhetorically) requires a nuanced view of the circumstances of their production and an awareness of their immediate cultural context. I consider means of creation and publication to examine the complex ways in which the goals of truth-seeking and truth-shaping interacted—and were acted upon by the institutional dynamics of periodical production. By focusing on three specific periodicals that occupied different points along a line leading outward from the mainstream of American culture, I examine the ways in which certain pro- Loyalist writers and editors attempted to shape the truth of the Spanish war for American readers within the contexts and inherent restrictions of periodical publication. I argue that responses to the war in these publications are products of a range of cultural and institutional forces that go beyond the political affiliations or ideological stances of particular writers. -
Anti-Fascism and Italians in Australia, 1922-1945 Index Bibliography ISBN 0 7081 1158 0 1
Although Italians had migrated to Australia since the middle of the nineteenth century, it was not until the 1920s that they became aware that they were a community in a foreign land, not just isolated individuals in search of fortune. Their political, cultural, economic and recreational associations became an important factor. Many of them, although settled in Australia, still thought of themselves as an appendage of Italy, a belief strengthened by Fascism’s nationalist propaganda which urged them to reject alien cultures, customs and traditions. The xenophobic hostility shown by some Australians greatly contributed to the success of these propaganda efforts. Moreover, the issue of Fascism in Italy was a contentious one among Italians in Australia, a large minority fighting with courage and determination against Fascism’s representatives in Australia. This broad study of Italian immigrants before and during World War II covers not only the effects of Fascism, but also records the ordeal of Italian settlers in the cities and the outback during the Depression and the difficulties they faced after the outbreak of the war. It deals with a subject that has long been neglected by scholars and is an important contribution to the history of Italian migrants in Australia. Although Italians had migrated to Australia since the middle of the nineteenth century, it was not until the 1920s that they became aware that they were a community in a foreign land, not just isolated individuals in search of fortune. Their political, cultural, economic and recreational associations became an important factor. Many of them, although settled in Australia, still thought of themselves as an appendage of Italy, a belief strengthened by Fascism’s nationalist propaganda which urged them to reject alien cultures, customs and traditions. -
Berlinguer, Ti Vogliamo Ancora Bene
Berlinguer, ti vogliamo ancora bene Lo scorso 25 maggio Enrico Berlinguer avrebbe compiuto novantotto anni. Sono invece passati ben trentasei anni dalla sua morte, avvenuta a Padova l’11 giugno 1984. Da allora, sono cambiati completamente l’Italia e il mondo (non ci sono più Dc, Pci e Psi; è scomparsa la “cortina di ferro” che divideva Est e Ovest). Eppure l’ammirazione per il “compagno Enrico” e la nostalgia per una stagione specifica della politica italiana restano fortissime nelle generazioni che hanno vissuto in prima fila gli anni Settanta e Ottanta. Chissà invece cosa pensano i più giovani di quell’uomo magro, dal sorriso discreto e dallo spiccato accento sardo (era nato a Sassari il 25 maggio 1922) che ogni tanto appare in tv in qualche documentario o si cita quando si vuole fare riferimento alla fase in cui la sinistra italiana era egemone nella società italiana e poteva rivendicare, a ragione nonostante la conventio ad excludendum, una collocazione di governo sulla base del fatto che un italiano su tre votava comunista e alcune regioni erano governate da giunte di sinistra. Eletto segretario nel 1972 scalzando le candidature di Giorgio Napolitano e Pietro Ingrao, grazie alla saggezza politica di Luigi Longo (quest’ultimo, successore di Palmiro Togliatti, non era più in grado di assolvere al ruolo di segretario per i postumi di un ictus), iscritto al partito fin dai primi anni Quaranta, segretario dei giovani comunisti per un lungo periodo e con una discreta esperienza internazionale, Berlinguer e il berlinguerismo hanno caratterizzato la fase dei massimi successi elettorali e politici del Pci. -
Communications Their Graves Prematurely
1706 Communications their graves prematurely. He included in this last during the heyday of the Red Brigadists, To draw category reformist Marxists, such as Costa, whose life attention to the Marxist cultural dimension of Italian he called upon the proletariat to end at the earliest terrorism is not the exercise in Cold War liberalism opportunity. All of the figures who come after Cafiero that Martin accuses me of performing. It is rather an in my book-Antonio Labriola, Arturo Labriola, Be attempt to understand how ideas, in Perry Miller's nito Mussolini, Amadeo Bordiga, Antonio Gramsci, phrase, become "coherent and powerful imperatives to and Palmiro Togliatti-s-embodied the violent interpre human behavior." tation of Marxism. Each acted in a specific historical RICHARD DRAKE context, but the Marxist revolutionary tradition exhib University of Montana its striking uniformities through the generations. The extra parliamentary left, of which Red Brigadism was one element, championed this tradition in the 1970s James Martin does not wish to respond. Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article/109/5/1706/15520 by guest on 24 September 2021 and 1980s. In explaining their reasons for killing THE EDITORS government labor economists Massimo D'Antona (1999) and Marco Biagi (2002), the current Red Brigadists denounced them, in the classic language of ERRATA revolutionary Marxism, for their reformist ideas. In claiming that I fail to consider other interpreta The cover illustration for the October 2004 issue was tions of Marxism, Martin overlooks my sustained mistakenly credited to the Hagley Museum of Wil mention of Filippo Turati, who relentlessly criticized mington, Delaware. -
War, Resistance, and Memorialization in Tuscany, 1943-1945
Georgia Southern University Digital Commons@Georgia Southern Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies, Jack N. Averitt College of Spring 2011 Heroes or Terrorists? War, Resistance, and Memorialization in Tuscany, 1943-1945 Lynda Lamarre Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd Recommended Citation Lamarre, Lynda, "Heroes or Terrorists? War, Resistance, and Memorialization in Tuscany, 1943-1945" (2011). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 596. https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/596 This thesis (open access) is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies, Jack N. Averitt College of at Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HEROES OR TERRORISTS? WAR, RESISTANCE, AND MEMORIALIZATION IN TUSCANY, 1943-1945 by LYNDA LAMARRE (Under the Direction of Charles S. Thomas) ABSTRACT This thesis will delve into the unfolding of the Italian Resistance, from an underground association to a militant organization, which aided and facilitated the Allied advance to northern Italy. Particular emphasis will be placed on the actions and consequences of the Resistance in rural Tuscany and their affect on the local population. It will examine the changing views of Italian society, from the immediate post-war era and the decades that followed, with a brief examination of the cinematographic influences on the social views. It will include the debate over who deserves a commemorative monument and the divided and changed memory regarding the Resistance. Finally, the author will examine the current debate over the most appropriate way to memorialize the complicated and tumultuous struggle to free Italy over sixty years ago. -
Redalyc.Historiens Et Historiographie Du Communisme En Italie
Revista Izquierdas E-ISSN: 0718-5049 [email protected] Universidad de Santiago de Chile Chile Groppo, Bruno Historiens et historiographie du communisme en Italie Revista Izquierdas, núm. 15, abril, 2013, pp. 170-192 Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile Disponibile in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=360133457008 Come citare l'articolo Numero completo Sistema d'Informazione Scientifica Altro articolo Rete di Riviste Scientifiche dell'America Latina, i Caraibi, la Spagna e il Portogallo Home di rivista in redalyc.org Progetto accademico senza scopo di lucro, sviluppato sotto l'open acces initiative Bruno Groppo, Historiens et historiographie du communisme en Italie, revista www.izquierdas.cl, N°15, abril 2013, ISSN 0718-5049, pp. 170-192 Historiens et historiographie du communisme en Italie Bruno Groppo* Aucun parti communiste, en dehors de celui de l’Union Soviétique, n’a suscité autant d’intérêt et de publications que le Parti communiste italien (1921-1991). Les travaux qui lui ont été consacrés sont très nombreux et de nature très variée : études historiques proprement dites, mémoires et témoignages, publications de sources, analyses sociologiques et anthropologiques. Il existe, par exemple, toute une série d’histoires générales de ce parti, depuis la première, publiée en 1953, jusqu’à la dernière en date, publiée en 20091. Il faut y ajouter les travaux concernant des périodes plus limitées, des régions, des problématiques particulières, des personnalités. Les dirigeants communistes, surtout ceux de la première génération du parti, ont été nombreux à publier leurs mémoires, qui constituent une source importante sur l’histoire du parti et du communisme italien en général2. -
Gramsci's Political and Cultural Theory
HECEMONY AND REVOLUTION ANTONIO GRAMSCI'S POLITICAL AND CULTURAL THEORY WALTER L. ADAMSON Hegemony and Revolution w ALTER L. ADAMSON HEGEMONY AND REVOLUTION A Study of Antonio Gramsci's Political and Cultural Theory UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley. Los Angl'lrs. London University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd. London, England Cl 1980 by The Regents of the University of California Printed in the United States of America I 234 5 6 7 8 9 Library of Conlrrss Cata[otin, in Publication Data Adamson, Walter L. Hc,emony and ,""vo[ution. Antonio Gram",j's political and cultural theory Bibliography: p. Includes indu I. Gramsci. Antonio. 189[-1937. 2. Gram""i. Antonio, 1�91-19J7-Polil;cal science. I. Title. tlX288.G7A�8 320.3')2"0924 79-64478 [SBN O-S2O-{lJ92U To my mother and ja(her and fO (he memory oj my grand/others Contents Acknowledgments Introduction PART ONE 1. The Formative Years 15 Cuhure and Politics in Post-Risorgimento italy 19 Between Croce and La Voce 26 Organizing a Collective Will 34 2. The "New Order" and II.f Col/apse 43 Gramsci's Russia and the Road to Marx 44 The �New Order" in Turin 50 Revolt in the PSI 64 3. FO!;ch.. ", Qlld Revolution in the WeSl 71 United Front and Fusion 73 The Meaning of Fascism 77 A Revolutionary Reassessment 82 Chairman Gramsci and the Southern Question 90 PARTTWQ 4. Philosophy as Political £dUc"ulion 105 Plato, Hegel, and Marx 106 The Second International and Its Critics 112 Bukharin. -
Historic Compromise’ with the DC, Which Responded with Aldo Moro’S ‘Strategy of Attention’
Bulletin of Italian Politics Vol. 4, No. 2, 2012, 209-229 The DC and the PCI in the Seventies: A Complex Relationship Supervised by the United States Roberto Fornasier University of Padua Abstract: Relations between the Christian Democrats (DC) and the Communists (PCI) constituted the single most important political issue throughout the period of the Italian ‘first Republic’. A large number of studies have been devoted to the post-1968 years, in particular – years when the Communists, by projecting a new, reformist image of themselves under Enrico Berlinguer’s leadership, tried to reach an ‘historic compromise’ with the DC, which responded with Aldo Moro’s ‘strategy of attention’. What is less well known is the American view during these crucial years, the reaction of the Republican (Nixon and Ford) and Democratic (Carter) Administrations in Washington to the PCI’s overtures to the DC. This article, exploiting Italian, American and British archives, challenges the assumption that, in the late 1970s, the United States, with the change of Administration from Republicans to Democrats, moved from a position of absolute opposition to a benevolent indifference towards Communism in Italy. What emerges from the documents is that the US authorities consistently supported conservative Christian Democrats – like Mariano Rumor and Giulio Andreotti – and that Carter’s election promise to soften US attitudes towards the PCI was not kept. Washington’s official policy remained the one that had been modelled during the Kissinger era Keywords: Italian Communist Party, Christian Democracy; Political History, International History, historic compromise. Introduction Richard Gardner, America’s Ambassador to Italy during the Carter Administration once claimed that Enrico Berlinguer and other PCI leaders had, during his mission, ‘consistently affirmed their fidelity to Marxism- Leninism, praised the achievement of the Soviet Revolution of 1917, and advocated foreign policies favouring Soviet aims and threatening Western interests’ (Gardner, 2006).