Efficient and Sustainable Corridors – Transport Policy and Regional Development Contents

Nordic Transport Political Network

Preface ...... 3

The Transport Corridor ...... 4

5 Strategies – 10 Actions ...... 6

Global Development and European Transport Policy ...... 8

Demand for Transport ...... 10

Transportation Systems ...... 14

Infrastructure...... 16

The 5 Strategies 1. The NTN Corridor as a Platform for International Cooperations ...... 18 2. A Better Platform for Decision Making (Transport Statistics)...... 20 3. A Corridor with Options...... 22 4. Sustainable Transport ...... 24 5. A Hydrogen Corridor ...... 26

The NTN’s Interreg project ”Transport Corridors” Illustrated ...... 28

Reports Overview ...... 30

Arrangements ...... 31 Preface

Efficient and sustainable transport corridors are a vital challenge to regional development, transport politics and environmental politics.

The Nordic Transport Political Network, the NTN, is a regional cooperation in the field of transportation, which is the namesake of the ”NTN Corridor”.

The NTN was launched in 1996 on the initiative of the County of North Jutland. Its basis was the Nordic Link cooperation in relation to the ferry corridor to/from Southern Norway and Western Sweden via Jutland. The wish for a broader perspective led to the establishing of the NTN with aid from the Interreg II C EU-programme for the North Sea. The circle of participants included Jutland, Southern Norway and Western Sweden. Phase 1 covered 1998-2001 focusing on an increased research based knowledge of transportation.

In spring 2003 the NTN project called "Transport Corridors" was approved for grants from the EU's Interreg III B programme for the North Sea. Nordic Link, Westlink and others still exist; however, here the concept of the "NTN-Corridor" is used as a common denominator for the shared transport corridor connecting Western Scandinavia with Central European markets.

The objective of the project has been one of detecting NTN Participants: developing potentials for efficiency and sustainability in the corridor to/from Sweden and Norway through Jutland and Northern Germany. NORWAY: County of Vestfold, county of This final report sums up results and experience gained in Telemark, county of Aust-Agder, the project, but in turn it points to future strategies and county of Vest-Agder, county of actions to be taken for a continued development. Rogaland, county of Hordaland, county of Møre and Romsdal

SWEDEN: The Gothenburg Region Association of Local Authorities

DENMARK: County of South Jutland, county of Vejle, county of Århus, county of Ringkjøbing, county of Viborg, county of North Jutland (lead partner).

ASSOCIATED REGIONS IN GERMANY: Kreis Dithmarschen, Kreis Nordfriesland, Kreis Steinburg.

3 The Transport corridor

■ = Railway ■ = Roads ■ = Ferries • = Ferry ports

TRANSPORT CORRIDOR

The total resources (Demand for Transport, Transportation Systems, and Infrastructure) available to the transportation of goods (and persons) between two geographic areas

Demand for Transportation Infra- Transport Systems structure

For goods transport and the goods Carriers who are operating in the Roads, railways, terminals, ports transported within the corridor corridor, and qualifications, sy- and airports stems, IT and network with others

4 The Transport corridor

THE CORRIDOR THE TRANSPORT POLITICAL STRATEGY: NETWORK Globalisation and expanding free trade areas have led to an increased growth The network was built around the in goods transport. In their most re- regional level. The regions of the NTN 1. The NTN Corridor as a platform for cent white paper the European Com- have an interest in the positioning and international cooperation mission pointed to the challenge of development of the corridor as a creating efficient transportation sys- transport corridor in the transeuro- 2. A better platform for making tems for goods. One of the means in pean grid. Two Interreg projects have decisions mention is the ”development of multi- generated knowledge and a good plat- modal corridors primarily for goods form for the continued work in the 3. A corridor with options transportation”. The NTN Corridor is NTN network. There is a good basis the transport corridor, reaching from for the further work in the transport 4. Sustainable transport Norway and Western Sweden through political NTN network. The basis for Jutland and North Schleswig to Ham- this has been established as: 5. A Hydrogen Corridor burg. The Corridor is covering a transport route that was a main artery for Mission: vital trade between countries for cen- A transport corridor with options turies. characterised by efficient and sustainable transport solutions across Features of the Corridor: borders. • Covering more than 4 countries, and the geographically the regions behind the corridor are located in the perimeter of Central Europe, and its major global container ports. Vision: •Transports should be made a • The ferry lines between Norway/ position of strength for the Sweden and Jutland/Northern regions in the corridor. Germany have an important role to • A competent network in an active play in the developing of the corri- interaction with politics, industry, dor. business, experts and administration in the regions covered by • The lorry is important. A continued the corridor - visible on a nation- development of the corridor calls wide and worldwide scale. for interaction between lorries ferry lines and the development of concepts for rail haulage.

• This is not just a dedicated transit corridor, it also contains rich interaction between the goods transport and the industrial sector of the corridor. Most recently this was made clear in the “Calculation of 1 Please refer to the report: “Calculation of the the international transit traffic international transit traffic through Denmark”. through Denmark” 2005. Read the report at www.ntn.dk

5 5 Strategies – 10 Actions

Based on the 5 strategies, a total of 10 4. Position the corridor in national 5. Enhance the regional planning in actions were prepared. They are mak- and international transport poli- an international approach ing up the basis for the continuation of tics The role of the regions in relation to the NTN network: The NTN corridor is a central transport international goods transport is the corridor for the regions covered. development of framework conditions. Strategy 1: Consequently it must be positioned in The work in NTN across borders puts The NTN Corridor as a Platform for national and European transport poli- the relations and a common agenda on International Cooperation: tics. the skyline. The regional work with developing plans will benefit from 1. Make the project results and For example this goes for national transport and infrastructure when findings visible transport plans and updates of the regarded in the perspective of an inter- Keep up the continuous efforts in TENT, the European transportation national corridor. Here the NTN makes presentation. network. an active interaction take place with the transport group of the "North Sea 2. Maintain and update the website On a short term the NTN is to deliver Commission and others. The NTN website, www.ntn.dk is pre- its input for: senting the project work and accom- Strategy 2: plished arrangements. The website is - Revision of a National Transporta- Better basis for decision making continued and updated on an ongoing tion plan in Norway basis. - The proposal of the Minister of 6. Maintain statistics database and Transport and Energy concerning monitor the traffic development 3. Arranging an annual NTN the future of the Danish combined A statistics database has been esta- conference terminals blished for the NTN Corridor, to docu- Enterprises, politicians and research- - The goods flow analysis by the ment the total goods transport in the ers have focused on transportation in Danish Ministry of Transport and corridor. the corridor and its challenges. The Energy tradition of an annual transport confer- - EU policies and upcoming EU pro- The database will continue to be devel- ence is maintained. grammes for transport and avail- oped as a tool for the regions. It will be ability. updated on an annual basis. The data-

6 5 strategies – 10 actions

base is supplemented with and indica- of Transport and Energy. In North Den- • Number of transports by rail in Nor- tor series to ”measure” the traffic mark a range of players in the public way and Denmark development within this corridor and and private sector have launched actu- Like the indicator series for traffic devel- other corridors in natural interaction al developing projects for transport by opment in the corridor, as of January with the NTN Corridor. The indicator is rail. Specific needs: 2006 they will be updated and submitted updated on a quarterly basis as of to the partners every quarter. January 2006. A newsletter is updated • Draw political attention to means with updates. The NTN delivers input of action to secure a long-term 9. Regional policy for sustainable to the development of the national market development of the com- goods transport transport statistics in the 4 countries bined product with players and The Regions of the NTN Corridor are hosting the corridor. The database is interested parties encouraged to work out a regional pol- the core of a continued work to devel- • An extension of the railway grid icy for sustainable goods transport op and enhance the availability of good towards the ferry ports of Norway based on the 8 items listed on page and true statistics on transportation • Conditions in the Danish combined 25. and the derived environmental impact. terminals in keeping with the times. Strategy 5: A hydrogen corridor: Strategy 3: A corridor with options: Strategy 4: Sustainable transport: 10.Ensure a Nordic cooperation for the hydrogen corridor 7. Develop the Corridor as 8. Establish and maintain indicators The NTN has initiated the preliminary an Intermodal Corridor of sustainability work to establish a ”hydrogen corri- By land, containers and exchangeable Indicators of the sustainability of the dor”. One task will be securing a Nor- trailers are options for connected fur- corridor measuring the development dic cooperation between the Danish, ther transport by lorry or by rail. The over time add a new dimension to the Norwegian and Swedish initiatives and project is focusing on the need for political potentials. to work for an international coopera- developing the framework conditions tion. Another task will be one of fund- for goods transport by rail. For exam- Examples: ing the establishing of test sites. ple the political steering group of the • Utilization rate summed in a total NTN has emphasized the importance number for all ferry services of the of this in a letter to the Danish Minister corridor

7 Global Development and European Transport Policy

DANFOSS – EFFICIENT DISTRIBUTION IN NORTHERN EUROPE

Danfoss has changed its distribution system for Northern Europe. Where products were previously delivered from stock to the sales companies in each country, all deliveries are now done from a central distribution centre approx. 30 km north of the Danish/German border. The object of this rearrangement of distribution system was an enhanced delivery service, reduced storage costs and reductions of the total distribution costs. Development in transport (goods and passengers) and GNP in EU 1990 The new distribution centre is now deliv- –2002 ering goods to most of the clients in Northern Europe within 24 hours. From the view of Danfoss the restructuring of the distribution system has generally meant improved service to the customers and reduced storage and distribution costs. Flemming Vejlin, Danfoss, at the NTN-conference in Tønsberg, The projects given a special priority by the EU in developing the TEN-T Trans- European Transport Networks

8 Global Development and European Transport Policy

GROWTH IN INTERNATIONAL GOODSTRANSPORT • Total transport expenses in the EU: Approx. 1000 billion EUROS per year. Globalisation makes goods transport grow faster than the GNP. Thus trans- • The transport sector represents 10 % of the European GNP port and logistics become an increas- • The transport sector holds more than 10 million jobs in the EU ingly important instrument in improving competitiveness and profitability. Here new ways of collaboration and information flows across companies Special challenges according to the European Commission: play an important role. Growth in goods transport – develop- • Increasing rates of congestion on the roads ing trends: • Poor freight quality • Increased impact on the environment from transport • Enterprises are going increasingly • Many traffic accidents with casualties and fatalities global in purchasing raw material and semi-products. • An increased isolation of the marginal regions • Labour-intensive production is moved to low pay areas eg. Kina. • Production- and storage structure is By giving priority and support to a EUROPEAN TRANSPORT POLICY reorganised so that factories that range of projects the EU wants to were previously producing for a ensure the focus on a continued exten- market in one country are now pro- sion of the total transeuropean freight ducing for larger areas. network. The projects given priority ”Europe must bring about a real change • The production is reorganised in have been designated to enhance in the Common Transport Policy. The order to produce to the customers’ intermodal transport solutions. time has come to set new objectives for specifications it: restoring the balance between modes The establishing of a bridged connec- of transport and developing intermodali- EU TRANSPORT POLICY tion across the Femer Belt for cars and ty, combating congestion and putting In its most recent transport political trains is a project of high priority. safety and the quality of services at the whitepaper ”The European Transport heart of our efforts, while maintaining the Policy for 2010 : time to decide” from The EU aims to establish the ”Motor- right to mobility.” 2001 the European Commission iden- ways of the Sea”: High frequency con- tifies the challenge of creating effi- nections of ro-ro-vessels between ma- cient systems for goods transport. jor nodal points. ”The European Transport Policy One of the means mentioned in the for 2010 : time to decide” whitepaper is ”developing multimodal The European Commission is suggest- the European Commission 2001 corridors giving priority to freight” – ing a concentration of the traffic on a that is, corridors with options of at few large nodal points. To this end the least 3 ways of transportation avail- ”Northern Maritime Corridor”, pro- able. The object is to solve the tasks moting cabotage and a sub project of transportation by involving several titled “Motorways of the Northern means of transportation, for example Seas”, were developed. In relation to in reloading of containers between the NTN Corridor these projects are lorry/train and /ship. addressing the development of traffic connections down along the West THE TRANS-EUROPEAN NETWORK Coast of the European continent and FOR TRANSPORT– TEN-T the developing of traffic lines to handle TEN-T (The Trans-European Network significant parts of the upcoming for Transport) is the European Com- growth in traffic to and from the new mission’s proposal for developing the Eastern European member states, ie. general Euroregional transport grid traffic in the Baltic area. consisting of roads, railways, airports and ports.

9 Demand for Transport

The development in the number of lorries on ferry lines in an out of Denmark and crossing the border between Denmark and Germany 1996 – 2004 (index 1996= 100)

Volume of goods transiting ports and borders in the NTN area. Includes transports by lorries, trains, haulers and unaccompanied trailers på ferry and containers by ship – freight that can typically be handled in intermodal change of transport or by lorry all the way. Heavy bulk transports (eg. oil, coal, timber, stones and feedstuffs) by ship are not included. (Mill. tons).

Development in goods transport in the EU 1970 – 2002

10 Demand for Transport

GROWTH IN THE NTN CORRIDOR ing within large company divisions). 5 ”transport corridors” Since 2001 we have seen a consider- are generally serving the able growth in the goods traffic of the • ”Containerisation”: Goods that was north-southbound goods NTN Corridor. Over the last years previously carried bulkwise or as transport of the region towards 2001 the freight by ferry was small units, is now carried by lorry decreasing but since 2001 growth set or container in. The traffic crossing the border in South Jutland, however, has experi- • New shipping companies, ferry • The NTN Corridor enced a more stable growth through- lines and concepts (eg. better han- out the period. The same goes for the dling capabilities for unaccompa- • Goods transport in ro-ro ships along development in the two sections illus- nied trailers) have enhanced the the North Sea between trating the development of the options in the Corridor. Norway/Sweden/ Denmark and Scandinavian Link Corridor. Not until England/Germany. after 2001 has the ferry traffic of the • Investments in ports have ensured a NTN Corridor gained a share of the more efficient transport handling. • Container transports – primarily feed- general growth in the goods traffic. er traffic – between the region and The growth in the corridor from 2001 • New road infrastructure, eg. the European container ports for overseas and onwards has not been happening motorways of North Denmark and traffic at the expense of other corridors. extensions of the E39 and E18 in Factors contributing to the growth Norway. • Scandinavian Link after 2001: (Sweden – Sealand – Germany) • The financial development, in partic- • An increasing number of transports ular in Norway, have been an impor- • Sweden -Germany/Poland due to globalisation and new con- tant source for the development in cepts in logistics from the industrial trading and hence the goods trans- sector (eg. increased use of sub- ports in the corridor. suppliers, centralising and specialis- GROWTH POTENTIAL

Overview of international transport by lorry, rail, container and Ro-Ro (unaccompanied trailers etc.) in ports and across borders in the NTN region (mill. tons). NB: Including bulk goods by ship.

11 Demand for Transport

Greetings from Norway at the opening of the Hirtshals motorway. Orla Hav, county mayor of North Jutland and Thore Westermoen, county mayor of Vest-Agder, October 2004

12 Demand for Transport

OF THE CORRIDOR without exchanging goods – that is, in the goods traffic (for example the The Corridor has a continued growth there is a great interaction across the motorway grid around the town of potential. In reaping it, thinking across corridor. This was one of the major Kolding is the location in Denmark borders as well as means of trans- conclusions from an analysis of the with the fastest increasing density in portation is essential. The develop- lorry traffic through Denmark, per- lorry traffic – and more than 60% of ment of the basis of traffic depends on formed in the early summer of 20052. the total lorry traffic in and out of the interaction between the industrial The corridor plays an important role Denmark is crossing the border at sector and the demand for transport in for the total development of the Padborg). the hinterland of the entire corridor, region. This must be seen in the light the development of infrastructure and of the fact that significant parts of the nodal points all along the entire corri- trade of the regions are done via the dor and an improved interaction with corridor. The infrastructure of the cor- 2 Please refer to the report: ” Calculation of the the passenger transports on the fer- ridor, in turn plays an important role international transit traffic through Denmark” ries. Only few lorries are travelling all for this – there are stretches with great at www.ntn.dk the way through the NTN Corridor traffic density and significant growth

13 Transport Systems

The key figures for the ferry routes in the corridor 2004. »Disance, run (hours), trips pr. year, passengers, cars, lorries.«

DFDS Transport - a Global Carrier Company

DFDS Transport is an example of one of the active hauliers of the region. Today this enterprise has gone through a development involving mergers and acquisitions, making it a global employer with 11.000 jobs at 270 locations in 36 countries. The company offers freigt solutions by road, by rail and by sea. Customised freight solutions and third and fourth party logistics are vital activities. The development of the qualifications held by the company is an essential source for the maintenance and development of competitiveness. IT and web-based solutions for eg. booking, the handling of queries and submission of tenders and offers is an important competitive parameter. The expectations of the company to the future development involve: An extended interaction with customers, a strengthened international position, development of strategic cooperative relationships and growth through acquisitions, organisational growth, extending the global network, developing the technological qualifications within IT and logistics.

Jesper Skjærris, DFDS Transport Norway at the NTN conference in Stavanger, Norway October 2005

14 Transport Systems

TRANSPORT CARRIERS FERRY LINKS The Textile and Clothing Industry – IN THE REGION The development of the ferry systems Global Production and Global For each region access to the world has been an important source to the market depends on the efficiency and growth characterising the corridor over qualifications of the carriers operating recent years. Generally this development Today textile manufacture is a highly in the region. This gives an increasing features the following characteristics: globalised industry characterised by the importance to the regional organisa- production being moved to low-pay areas tion of the transportation business. • New shipping companies, lines and like China and the Ukraine. Large parts of concepts have increased competi- the market are characterised by an These years the freight business goes tion among ferries internally in the increasing demand for experience and through a significant development corridor the product signalling belonging rather characterised by: than offering a given function. This gen- • New initiatives aimed at goods traf- erates a focus on lifestyle in the identify- • Concentration through acquisitions fic have intensified their focus on ing of target groups, and with the emerg- and mergers this segment ing of several subcultures all these trends split up the market in submarkets that • Internationalisation of customer • Growth in unaccompanied freight – will not be satisfied by standard products base and production of the enter- (unaccompanied trailers and con- in large volumes. Where production has prises. For example an increasing tainers) been placed in regions with low manu- share of freight by lorries is handled facturing costs, sales, marketing and by lorries on Easter European licen- A continued development of ferry sys- product development are essential activ- se plates. In many cases Western tems is an important source of contin- ities in the NTN Corridor. European carrier companies are ued development of the corridor. The managing the freight contracts. following challenges can be identified A considerable number of companies in particular: The development of the that operate on a global scale have got • Significant change of goods flows. ferry traffic in the corridor is highly their headquarters located in the region. New goods flows have emerged at a dependent on the interaction of pas- The ever-increasing element of globalisa- growth rate anticipated only by few. senger and goods transports (In the tion has been the pivoting point in the corridor practically no ferries are run development over the recent decades. as dedicated good ferries). The freight This development above all has meant a For example this is the case with an volume is varying greatly over the radically increased freight in terms of increased import of meat to Denmark week – this entails that a sound econ- both volume and kilometres. The devel- and an increased transportation of omy is depending on the creation of a opment into ever-smaller submarkets livestock from Denmark to slaughter- need for other freighting segments on and the requirement of being capable of houses abroad. ”slim days”. reacting promptly to market signals have also made transport an ever more com- plicated and strategically important func- ELKEM – INTERMODAL TRANSPORT JUST IN TIME tion. Thus transport has changed from being a support function in production Elkem is one of Norway’s largest industrial companies and ranks among the world’s leading pro- and sales on an operative level to being a ducers of metals and raw materials. The factory at Kristiansand is producing carbon. The raw service with an increasing company materials for the factory are bought globally in China, the US and Sweden among others. 80 % of strategic focus. the production is exported to 38 countries. The logistics concept is based on simplicity and a min- imum of operations before the goods arrive at the customer’s destination. The Enterprise has its The development has posed heavier own quay, from which the containers are shipped to the port of Kristiansand for overseas export. To a large extent ”intermodal transports” are used from ”door to door”. The ”global chain of trans- requirements to the carrier enterprises port” is using both container ships and rail and transport on ”inland waterways”. The containers and in turn furthered a structural devel- are the storage unit, thereby avoiding further needs for packaging. The concept of ”just in time” is opment in the transport sector. greatly emphasised to secure an unbroken chain of transport to the largest extent possible. Notifying customers and everybody involved in the chain of transport is important to achieve this NTN: Transport in the textile and clothing goal. The goods are basically only ”in storage” during transportation, which is minimising storage costs and improving the cash-flow for the company. industry – a case description. Shipping Manager John Aanonsen, Elkem ASA, at the NTN-konference in Århus, October 2004

15 Infrastructure

4 Ports of the Region – Examples of the Development of the Global Freight System

The Port of Grenland The port of Grenland is partly a publicly owned traffic harbour, and partly a number of quays privately owned by the large industries on the site. There is a growth in the throughput of containers and ro-ro’s by the public traffic harbour. The region is characterised by the presence of the largest industrial cluster in Norway. The companies have a need for developing new logistic concepts: Reduction of storage costs, new production concepts mean production to order and shorter lead-time (time from ordering to delivery of the product). The methods of transport are changing, - an increasing share of the freight volume is ”containerised”. The enterprises developing of new transport solutions are contributing to the growth in the total throughput of containers and ro-ro units in the region. This is strengthening the port as a nodal point. Petter Ellefsen, Growth in Grenland, at the NTN-workshop in Hanstholm, Denmark, January 2005 The Port of Hamburg The growth in the throughput of containers at the port of Hamburg has been larger than that of the port of Rotterdam. This development must be seen in the light of the position of the port in relation to Eastern Europe. Adding to this is the development of a grid of rail and feeder systems to the port. Lars Källström, BMT transport solutions GmbH, at the NTN Conference in Århus, Denmark, October 2004 The Port of Gothenburg In its strategy the port of Gothenburg decided to focus on dedicated ”transport specialities”. This goes for eg. the handling of unit freight carriers (ro-ro, containers and the especially developed SECU containers), which make a significant part of the total activity of the port. The development of the interaction with its hinterland has also had a central role in the strategy of Gothenburg. From 2000 to 2004 the volume of container traffic by rail to and from the port has increased from around 120.000 TEU per year to approx. 190.000 TEU per year. The port currently hosts 16 daily shuttle lines. Alf Olofsson, Port of Gothenburg, at the NTN Conference in Stavanger, Norway, October 2005 The Port of Århus The container traffic of the Baltic Sea, ie. Scandinavia and the Baltic countries is expected to increase by 70 % towards 2010. The ports of Århus and Gothenburg have potential to develop into nodal points of a sognificant share of this traffic. In April 2001 the port of Århus commissioned phase one of a new container port. The railroad link of the port is scheduled for an upgrade, and phase two for com- missioning in 2006/2007 Bjarne Mathiesen, Port of Århus, at the NTN Conference in Århus, Denmark, October 2004

16 Infrastructure

ROADS Route 11 runs along the West coast of RAILROAD SERVICES The road grid of the region makes an Jutland. Route 11 has two lanes. Parts OF THE CORRIDOR important part of the infrastructure. In have been upgraded to expressways. The combined freght by rail is growing general the system can be characterised The three roads across Jutland and the in Europe. Combined transports are by: motorway to Esbjerg connect the cities characterised by the carrying unit eg an of Mid and Western Jutland with the rest exchangeable platform or a container, Norway: E39 The coastal main road of the motorway grid. being reloaded between rail and lorry. from Kristiansand through Western Considerable growth is found in the Norway to Trondheim. This road con- In Germany the E45 continues as A7. In combined traffic by rail in the NTN nects the regions and concentrations of Hamburg it is crossing the Elbe. Today Corridor. For example this goes for the population and is the connection to the tunnel under the Elbe is a bottleneck development of new products by ports and railroad terminals for inter- because it also is an important internal CargoNet in Norway and the growth in modal transport. The road is being grad- connection in Hamburg. Route 11 con- combined traffic in and out of the port pf ually developed in a close cooperation tinues into B5 on the German side of the Gothenburg. In the time towards 2004 a between the regions. This goes in partic- border. From Heide the route is Motor- new development turned up in com- ular for the gradual establishing of way A23, which is junctioned with the bined rail goods to and from the port of bridges to replace ferries. A7 north of the Elbe tunnel. Hirtshals. The goods were containers to and from industries in Southern Norway, The E18 Kristiansand – Oslo is connect- The continued development of the re- which were carried by ferry. In terms of ing the regions with the capital and regional road grid is an essential prerequi- time and finance advantages could be gions of Southern and Eastern Norway, site for the development of the corridor. gained by using a combined freight by and it is the connection to ports and rail- rail in the corridor. The development of road terminals for intermodal transport. the combined freight by rail had an addi- It has been decided to expand the road PORTS tional advantage in that containers could with 4 lanes between Oslo and Mandal. Shipping has an important role to play in be carried using the ferry departures The construction work is in progress. the freight of bulk goods like oil, coal and with the largest available capacity during fertilizers, but also in connection with the the week. This way such transports were The connections between Western freight of mixed cargo by ferry, ro-ro- contributing to an improved total econo- Norway and Souther/Eastern Norway and container ships. The global contain- my in the ferry system and to the effi- across the Langfjella. These roads are er transport is currently growing really ciency and in turn to the environmental part of the national main roads and will fast. This is in particular owing to the efficiency. However, these transports mainly be two lane roads. The altitude on growth in China. Handling this growth is were ceased, as the transport by rail did some points of these stretches is a spe- a special challenge to the major ports of not prove profitable in Denmark. Work is cial challenge, especially concerning Europe. This requires substantial invest- in progress to establish a long-term winter maintenance. ments in the building of ports, and it is solution to freight by railroad in the cor- posing demands to the development of ridor. Sweden: The European motorway along the interaction between the ports and the Swedish west coast is an important their hinterlands. This is illustrated by In a general view we could point to the connection to the nodal point of the presentations of ports in the region fact that the development of the inter- Gothenburg and further down to Central at NTN Conferences and workshops. modal traffic can contribute to the devel- Europe via Zealand and the Femer Belt opment of the entire corridor. A range of connection. Parts of this connection are TERMINALS IN THE CORRIDOR conditions is essential to making this two lane road. There has been a large The large changes in the flows of goods potential come to its full in reality. For increase of lorry traffic on this route. and in the hauling industry mean that the example this goes for: terminals will be of increasing impor- Denmark: Motorways from Hirtshals tance in the global transport system. As • Railroad connections to the ferry and Frederikshavn via Aalborg to the illustrated in the 4 examples of ports, ports of Norway border into Germany. The motorway large investments are currently placed in • The capacity of railways in Norway, system through Jutland has four lanes. the terminals. This also goes for the ter- Denmark and Northern Germany On parts, for example the bridge across minals in the hinterland of the ports. The • The design and administration of the the Firth of Vejle the traffic is so intense global freight companies are concentrat- railway terminals in Denmark that in the years to come the need will ing an increasing part of their activities • The continued deregulation of the rail- rise to establish additional lanes. on less but larger distribution centres. way freight market in Europe.

17 Strategy 1: The NTN Corridor as a Platform for International Coperation

STUDY TOUR TO BRUSSELS

The 10th –12th of May 2004, the NTN arranged a study tour to Brussels. The EU transport policy was discussed by the European Commission staff, the Danish and Norwegian boards of transport, and the central association of European transport users among others. The study tour gave the participants first-hand information on the decision making systems of the EU, actual transport political initiatives programmes and goals.

The participants visited the European Parliament, The Norwegian EU delegation, and the EU offices of Western Norway and North Denmark.

The NTN Corridor is a central transport offered by participation in the trans- of better logistics solutions for the corridor for the regions covered. The port political network of the NTN regional enterprises corridor makes a good basis for inter- • A great number of the enterprises national cooperation – it makes the • The general infrastructure through operating in the corridor are owned common agenda and the advantages the region is taken into an interna- by internationalenterprises – so the of cooperation across borders visible. tional perspective. Infrastructures regions should also have an interna- The regions have an important task in outside of each region are important tional platform to maintain the inter- relation to international transport, - to the framework conditions of the action with such companies that of developing the framework con- region ditions. So from the individual region’s • A focus is on the framework condi- The NTN Corridor shows the way for point of view, a range of benefits are tions as a basis for the development the development of international coop-

18 Strategy 1: The NTN Corridor as a Platform for International Coperation

eration, as the aims have been made pleted arrangements. The web-site will port plans and updates of the really specific through the common be maintained and updated on an European transport network, the TEN- goals for the development of the corri- ongoing basis. T. dor. All the while the corridor requires On a short term the NTN is to deliver systems to ”talk together across bor- 3. Arranging an annual NTN input for ders” – this contributes to the sharing conference of experience and qualificational devel- Enterprises, politicians and researc- - Revision of the Norwegian National opment in each region. hers have focused on the transport in Transport Plan the corridor and its challenges. The SPECIFIC TASKS tradition of an annual transport confer- - The proposal of the Minister of FOR THE FUTURE WORK: ence is maintained. Transport and Energy for the future of the combined terminals in 1. Make the project results and 4. Position the corridor in national Denmark findings visible and international transport The ongoing presentation effort con- politics - The analysis of goods flows by tinues. The NTN Corridor is a central transport Danish Ministry of Transport and corridor for the regions covered. So it Energy 2. Maintain and update the web-site must be positioned in relation to The web-site of the NTN, www.ntn.dk national and European transport poli- - EU-policies and upcoming EU-pro- presents the project work and com- tics. This goes for eg. national trans- grams for transport and accessibility

5. Enhance the Regional Planning in an International Perspective

The role of the regions in relation to international goods transport is the development of the framework conditions. The work with NTN across borders makes the relations and a common agenda visible.

The regional work with developing plans will benefit from viewing transport and infrastructure in the perspective of and international corridor. Here the NTN is a basis and there will be an active interaction with the transport group of the North Sea Commission and others.

19 Strategy 2: A Better Platform for Decision Making (Transport Statistics)

20 Strategy 2: A Better Platform for Decision Making (Transport Statistics)

True statistics is an essential prerequi- portant means to provide better A statistics database has been devel- site for making transport politics and transport statistics. oped to document the total goods for the ability of individual enterprises transport in the corridor. The database to monitor the market development; In the NTN project a database for will continue to be developed as a tool and the transport statistics show to transport statistics is developed for for the regions. It will be updated on which extent the transport political the corridor with a focus on transport an annual basis. The database is sup- goals are achieved. So there is a need activity in the corridor and times series plemented by an indicator series for a shared effort to ensure the devel- illustrating the development. The data ”measuring” developments and trends opment of a better transport statistics. material is supplemented with maps. in the NTN Corridor as well as in other At an NTN workshop at Hanstholm in Samples of these are used in this corridors that are interacting naturally January 2005 the theme was: ”Better report. with the NTN Corridor. The indicator is transport statistics: Is the basis for updated each quarter as of January making good decisions correct?” Par- An indicator series has been devel- 2006. ticipants were the Statistics admini- oped to supplement the database – the strations of Norway, Sweden, Den- development of activities is compared Newsletters with updates. The NTN mark and Germany. against other corridors in North delivers inputs for the development of Western Europe – and adding to this national transport statistics in the 4 Important challenges: an indicator of sustainability. countries hosting the corridor. The database is the core of the continued • There is a need to develop the avail- For 2006 the Institute for Transport work to develop and extend the availability of the statistics. studies has taken up the task of updat- ability of good and true statistics on ing database as well as the indicator transport and the environmental im- • The existing statistics are inade- series. pact. quate in illustrating the international goods streams in the transport corridors SPECIFIC TASKS FOR THE FUTURE WORK: • A dialogue is needed between users and collectors and publishers of 6. Maintain the statistics data on goods transport. Develo- database and monitor traffic ping this dialogue would be an im- development

21 Strategy 3: A Corridor with Options

Flemming Hansen, the Danish Mini- ster of Transport and Energy at the NTN Conference in Århus, Denmark, 2004.

A NEED FOR DEVELOPING THE RAILWAYS – THE NTN WRITES THE DANISH MINISTER OF TRANSPORT

In spring 2005 the political steering group submitted a letter to Flemming Hansen, the Danish Minister of Transport encouraging the Minister to make sure that the Danish state will develop framework conditions to will make goods transport and Energy by rail attractive to enterprises.

In a letter of May 4, 2005 the Minister thanked for the approach. He drew attention to a range of initiatives he had launched with the intention of supporting a development to handle an increasing part of goods transports by rail. The specific initiatives referred to were improvements of the infrastructure and a group within the civil services had been assigned the task of assessing the potentials of restructuring the Danish combined terminals. Adding to this the Minister of Transport referred to the initiatives taken by the EU.

The NTN has followed up on the approach and will deliver its input for the development and enhancement of goods by rail.

22 Strategy 3: A Corridor with Options

Developing new concepts of transport South-western Norway can be a sig- SPECIFIC TASKS FOR THE by rail offers several potentials to the nificant prerequisite for such full FUTURE WORK: corridor. This could add new options train concepts. Developing such in transportation to the regions, and concepts would also prove useful to 7. Develop the Corridor as an this can develop the market basis for the development of combined traffic Intermodal Corridor the ports and in turn it can develop the to and from Western Denmark. total freight potential. Finally a growth By land containers and unaccompa- of the combined traffic in the corridor • There is a range of central barriers nied trailers, have the option of further could support the creation of nodal to starting this development: First transport by lorry or by rail. points for freight by rail and in turn and foremost the allocation of qual- enable several relations to be served ifications and responsibilities is The project has focused on the need by a combined traffic. unclear for the combined freight by for developing the framework condi- rail in Denmark. Adding to this is the tions for freight by rail. For instance This development has already started: need for special resources to detect the NTN political steering group CargoNet in Norway has established the specific basis for the market, stressed the importance of this in a new products for combined traffic into and have it turned into specific traf- letter to the Danish Minister of Traffic and out of Norway. fic concepts in collaboration with and Energy. In North Denmark a num- the players. ber of public and private players have A line of the container ports in the initiated specific developing projects region are developed in and outgoing • On the other hand a significant will for the development of freight by rail. freight for the ports. This goes for eg. has been shown from regional play- Gothenburg, Århus and Hamburg. ers to work for the development of Specific needs: the combined traffic. This is illus- • Put a political focus on means to A line of meetings between players and trated by eg. investments in the secure the long term market devel- partners has focused on the develop- infrastructure of the regional ports oping of the combined product in ment og concepts for intermodal rail- and by the fact that in collaboration cooperation with players and part- way traffic to and from the ports of with regional partners the county of ners North Denmark. The common task was North Jutland has launched a mar- to establish the basis for regular full ket developing project with the aim • Extension of the railway grid to- trains to and from the region. Starting in of mapping the potentials for a wards the ferry ports of the region the completed line of meetings the fol- combined traffic in the corridor. lowing conditions could be identified: • Conditions in keeping with times at So there is an important task in the the combined terminals in Denmark. • Changed logistics concepts and a continued development of the market substantial volume of goods in basis for traffic by rail in the corridor.

23 Strategy 4: Sustainable Transport

At the Conference on Sustainable Transport in Kristiansand May 31– June 1, 2005, Torild Skogsholm, the Norwegian Minister of Transport tried out hydrogen-truck prototype.

EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE GOODS AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT

In May 31 – June 1, 2005 in cooperation with the North Sea Commission the NTN arranged a conference in Kristiansand, Norway on the theme of ”How can Sustainable Transport Solutions be developed?” The conference included 35 presentations of specific initiatives to develop more sustainable transport solutions.

The conference showed a diversity of initiatives on all levels in the countries surrounding the North Sea. Experience and ideas from the many individual projects are disseminated and shared across organisations and borders.

All presentations can be downloaded from www.ntn.dk

24 Strategy 4: Sustainable Transport

How can Sustainable Transport are descussed: the potentials in policymaking. Solutions be developed? Examples: • Use few indicators only This is a much-discussed issue while •Efficiency rate summed up as a only little is being done in practice. • They should indicate a clear mes- total number for all ferry services in Contrary forces and trends are numer- sage the corridor. ous. The NTN has carried out system- atic analyses to identify the concept of • They should be applicable for polit- • Number of transports by trail in sustainable transport, trends in devel- ical objectives Norway and Denmark. opment and how we can develop a policy in the fields that can be influ- • They should be comparable As of January 2006, like the indicator enced by the regions to achieve a series for the traffic development in movement towards more sustainable • They should build on a good foun- the corridor, these will be updated ways of transport, eg. by migrating dation of data every quarter and submitted to the cir- freight from lorries to rail. cle of partners. • They should be sensitive enough to 3 main strategies for more sustainable measure changes in a simple way goods transport: 9. Regional Politicy for Sustainable • They should be appropriate for use Goods Transport 1. Reduced freight volume in analyses and scenarios The regions in the NTN Corridor are encouraged to create a regional policy 2. Changed pattern of transport So in the first place a set of indicators for sustainable goods transport based will be established focusing on the on the 8 listed items. 3. Improved environmental efficiency NTN Corridor. Also a model will be cre- ated for an indicator series to be used as a basis each region in implementing Indicators of Sustainable Transport the above program of 8 items. In working with a regional policy for goods transport a need was identified to establish a set of indicators of sus- SPECIFIC TASKS tainability to measure the development FOR THE FUTURE WORK: over time. This work has followed the criteria for quality to a work initiated 8. Establish and Maintain Indicators by the Norwegian Department of of Sustainability Finance resulting in ”Simple signals in The sustainability indicators for the a complex world”. corridor measuring the development The following quality requirements over time add a new dimension til to

VESTLANDSFORSKING/THE WESTERN NORWAY RESEARCH INSTITUTE (WNRI) HAS LISTED 8 ITEMS TO SHAPE A REGIONAL POLICY SUSTAINABLE GOODS TRANSPORT:

1. A policy for sustainability is to be developed for the freight area 2. The regions are to ”set their own house in order”. 3. Information, dialogue and change of attitude 4. Migration of freight to rail and ship 5. More environmentally efficient goods transport 6. The volume of goods transport should be reduced 7. Indicators are to be developed for sustainable transport 8. The political policy to pursue must be decided upon. Reactive, proactive regional or proactive global.

25 Strategy 5: A Hydrogen Corridor

Why Demonstrate Hydrogen Filling Stations in the Nordic Countries?

In the USA and Japan several hydrogen filling stations can be found already. These are primarily established by car manufacturers testing their prototype vehicles. What is the Nordic potential / perspectives? The unique feature of the Hydrogen Link is that it is one of the first areas in the world thinking in the lines of a network of hydrogen filling stations across countries, extending the field of operation for a practical demonstration of vehicles and making the area particular attractive to the automotive industry.

However, a Nordic infrastructure for hydrogen powered vehicles should not just make the area an attractive ”test site” for hydrogen vehicles originating from Germany and Japan, it should also give local enterprises an opportunity to put their mark on the development of the hydrogen field. This means for example that the placement of filling stations and the choice of technologies is always happening in consideration of the optimal synergy with the local business commu- nity and their potentials within hydrogen technological development.

Hydrogen Link, NTN

26 Strategy 5: A Hydrogen Corridor

The current development with soaring ably longer time horizon. The hydro- year. The HyNor covers the stretch oil prices has drawn attention to the gen engine will be a fuel cell generat- between Stavanger and Oslo. So the potential in developing new technolo- ing electricity combined with an elec- effort in the NTN project has been con- gies based on the use of fuels repre- tric motor. Today prototypes have centrating on the identification of pos- senting an alternative to oil based been developed for use in minor vehi- sible placements of filling stations in products. Two perspectives can be cles like trucks for instance. Western Norway from Stavanger via identified: Bergen to Molde, as well as in Jutland In relation to the NTN considering the and Northern Germany. A short term perspective aimed at the supply side in the transport corridor is use of bio fuels, ie. methane and vital. So the establishing of a ”hydro- biodiesel. Today cars capable of using gen corridor” has already been SPECIFIC TASKS these fuels have been developed to a launched. The ambition is an unbroken FOR THE FUTURE WORK: ready for market stage. The technolo- network from Molde to the North gy is still not so common, so the actu- along the Norwegian and Swedish 10.Ensure Nordic Cooperation for al cost for these products is not com- coastal routes and via the ferry ports the Hydrogen Corridor petitive, and the infrastructure through East/ West Jutland to Ham- In the NTN the preliminary work has required with filling stations has not burg. been initiated to establish a ”hydrogen been established. corridor”. One of the tasks will be In Southern Norway and Western ensuring Nordic collaboration between The long-term perspective is the Sweden the work with possible place- the Danish, Norwegian and Swedish development of wind and hydro ener- ments of hydrogen filling stations for initiatives and working for an interna- gy as a propellant. Here the technolog- demonstration is in progress already. tional cooperation. Another task is one ical perspective lies in developing In the Norwegian HyNor project the of funding the establishing of test hydrogen as an energy carrier. physical establishing of the first filling sites. Hydrogen technology has a consider- station has already been started this

27 6 The NTN’s Interreg Project ”Transport Corridors” illustrated

Meeting in Møre and Romsdal, Norway for regions and consultants

Exhibition at the General Assembly of the North Sea Commission in Vlissingen, Holland, 2005

Exhibition at the General Assembly of the North Sea Commission in Gothenburg, Sweden, 2004

28 The Port of Aalborg, Denmark hosted the Workshop on transport statistics in Hanstholm, Denmark meeting in the political steering group in March 2005

Meeting in Hamburg, Germany for regions and consultants

29 Reports Overview - Prepared by and for the NTN in Transport Corridors Project 2003 – 2005

BETTER STATISTIC FOUNDATION TRANSPORT NETWORKS, DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE IN MAKING DECISIONS TERMINS AND RUTESTRUCTURES TRANSPORT SOLUTIONS IN THE FOR A TRANSPORT POLICY IN THE CORRIDOR CORRIDOR IN THE NTN CORRIDOR

Transport Corridors Transport Networks, Terminals and How can sustainable Goods Transport – Facts and Development Trends. Route structures in the NTN Corridor Solutions be Developed?

Appendix: Key figures and Facts Case Descriptions: Transport in the Carlo Aall, Vestlandsforsking, the for the regions in the NTN-project Textile and Western Norway Research Institute, Institut for Transportstudier, Clothing Industry, the Wood and Norway, 2004 Denmark, 2004 Furniture Industry, the Aluminium Industry, Dokumentational Report: Examples of Calculation of the International Transit Sustainable Goods Transport Traffic through Denmark. The New Roads of the Wind Turbine Carlo Aall, Vestlandsforsking, the Institut for Transportstudier, Transport Western Norway Research Institute, Denmark, 2005, for NTN et al. The Trade Promotion Board of Norway, 2004 Herning-Ikast-Brande- Database for The NTN Corridor, Aaskov, Denmark 2004-2005 Indicators of Sustainable Goods Institut for Transportstudier, Transport Denmark, 2005 Infrastructure in North Western - Recommendations on indicators for Germany use within regional administration Better Statistic Foundation in Making Projektgesellschaft Westküste mbH, Carlo Aall, Vestlandsforsking, the Decisions Wirtschaftsförderungsgesellschaft Western Norway Research Institute, For a Transport Policy Nordfriesland mbH, Tyskland, 2005 Norway, 2005, in The NTN Corridor, Market Analysis and Development Analysis of Performance in Hydrogen Link of database Scandinavian Shortsea Shipping H2Logic, Denmark, 2005 Institut for Transportstudier, Links (summary) Denmark, 2005 Chalmers University of Technology , Institute of Logistics and Transport, Gothenburg, Sweden, 2005

30 Arrangements

NTN Arrangements • Conference, Tønsberg, county of Vestfold, 2003 • Conference, Århus, county of Århus, 2004 • Conference, Stavanger county of Rogaland, 2005 • Conference on Sustainable Transport, Kristiansand county of Vest-Agder 2005 • The transport policy of the EU, Study tour to Brussels 2004 • Transport Statistics Workshop, Hanstholm, county of Viborg 2005 • Hydrogen Workshops, counties of Århus, North Jutland and Ringkøbing, 2005 • Line of meetings of regional planners and researchers • Regional Workshops

Presentations: • Website www.ntn.dk • Newsletters • Press releases • Other articles • Traffic days at University of Aalborg 2004 & 2005 • General Assembly of the North Sea Commission and Interreg Seminar 2004 & 2005 • Transport & Accessibility, Interreg & Espon Seminar, Prague 2005 • Interreg Project Book 2003, 2004, 2005 • Interreg III B North Sea Newsletter 2005 • Website www.hydrogenlink.net

31 Nordic Transportpolitical Network: ”Transport Corridors”

The Nordic Transportpolitical Network (NTN) is a regional cooperation in transport focusing on goods transport and transportation systems in South West Norway, Western Sweden, West Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein.

The objective of the ”Transport Corridors” project is to create a basis for regional development through awareness in utilising the transport corridors in an efficient and sustainable way using intermodal solutions. Combinations of freight by lorry rail and sea are to ensure a range of options for enterprises and carriers.

This final report is summing up results and experience gained in the course of the project, however, it also points towards strategies and actions for a continued future development.

The NTN has collected and described a substantial and important volume of knowledge on transport corridors and the reports prepared over the years, and a lot of other material can be found on the NTN website www.ntn.dk

The ”Transport Corridors” project is supported by the Interreg III B EU-programme for the North Sea and the county of North Jutland is the lead partner. GD GRUPPEN · 98631133