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Data Sheets 1-45 January 2018 Page 1 of 20 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets 1-45 January 2018 Page 1 of 20 AIR CONDITIONING AND VENTILATING SYSTEMS Table of Contents Page 1.0 SCOPE ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Changes ............................................................................................................................................ 3 1.2 Hazard .............................................................................................................................................. 3 2.0 LOSS PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................................... 3 2.1 Construction and Location ............................................................................................................... 3 2.1.1 Ducts ....................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1.2 Automatic Fire Doors and Fire Dampers ............................................................................... 5 2.1.3 Air Filters ................................................................................................................................ 7 2.1.4 Fans, Air Intakes, and Outlets ................................................................................................ 7 2.1.5 Design .................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Protection ........................................................................................................................................... 7 2.3 Equipment and Processes ............................................................................................................... 8 2.4 Operation and Maintenance ............................................................................................................. 8 2.4.1 General .................................................................................................................................... 8 2.5 Ignition Source Control ..................................................................................................................... 9 2.6 Smoke Control .................................................................................................................................. 9 3.0 SUPPORT FOR RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................. 11 3.1 Air Conditioning and Ventilating System Applications .................................................................... 11 3.2 Fire and Smoke Hazards ................................................................................................................ 11 3.2.1 Temperature Effect of Fire .................................................................................................... 11 3.2.2 Stack or Chimney Effect ....................................................................................................... 11 3.2.3 Mechanical-Air-Handling Systems ....................................................................................... 12 3.3 Panel Filters .................................................................................................................................... 17 3.3.1 Disposable Filters ................................................................................................................. 17 3.3.2 Permanent Filters ................................................................................................................. 17 3.4 Dry Extended Surface Filters (Bag Type) ...................................................................................... 17 3.5 Automatic Moving-Curtain Viscous or Dry Impingement Filters .................................................... 18 3.6 Automatic Self-Cleaning Viscous Air Filters ................................................................................... 18 3.7 Electronic Air Filters ........................................................................................................................ 18 3.7.1 Electronic Type Filter ............................................................................................................ 18 3.7.2 Electronic Air Filters with Extended Surface Filter Storage Section .................................... 18 3.7.3 Electronic Air Filters with Automatic Roll Filter Storage Section ......................................... 19 4.0 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................... 19 4.1 FM Global ...................................................................................................................................... 19 4.2 Other ............................................................................................................................................... 19 APPENDIX A GLOSSARY OF TERMS ..................................................................................................... 19 APPENDIX B DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY ...................................................................................... 19 List of Figures Fig. 1. Automatic hinged damper at junction of branch duct with main vertical duct. .................................. 4 Fig. 2. Fire damper recommended at duct shafts and other fire separations ............................................... 4 Fig. 3. Typical smoke control arrangement by using pressurization-exhaust method (section view): Fire is in Floor No. 3. Dampers SD1, SD2, SD4, SD5, and ED3 remain open. Dampers SD3, ED1, ED2, ED4, and ED5 will close. ......................................................................................... 5 Fig. 4. Automatic fire door in duct at major fire separation; duct to be independent of fire separation. ...... 6 Fig. 5. Automatic hinged damper at interior fire cutoff .................................................................................. 6 ©2018 Factory Mutual Insurance Company. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in whole or in part, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission of Factory Mutual Insurance Company. 1-45 Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems Page 2 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Fig. 6. Louvered automatic damper ............................................................................................................... 7 Fig. 7. Typical smoke-control arrangement for filter fires (plan view) ........................................................... 8 Fig. 8. Typical smoke control arrangement by pressurizing the protected area (plan view) ....................... 10 Fig. 9. Panel filters, permanent (Courtesy of American Air Filter Co.) ........................................................ 13 Fig. 10. Dry-type extended surface filters (bag type) (Courtesy of American Air Filter Co.) ...................... 14 Fig. 11. Moving-curtain viscous or dry impingement automatic roll filters (Courtesy of American Air Filter Co.) .............................................................................................. 14 Fig. 12. Automatic self-cleaning viscous air filters (Courtesy of American Air Filter Co.) ........................... 15 Fig. 13. Electronic air filters (Courtesy of American Air Filter Co.) .............................................................. 16 Fig. 14. Electronic air filters with extended surface filter storage section (Courtesy of American Air Filter Co.) .............................................................................................. 16 Fig. 15. Electronic air filters with automatic roll filter storage section (Courtesy of American Air Filter Co.) . 17 List of Tables Table 1. Inspection and Maintenance Schedules .......................................................................................... 9 ©2018 Factory Mutual Insurance Company. All rights reserved. Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems 1-45 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 3 1.0 SCOPE This data sheet provides recommendations to prevent or restrict the spread of fire, smoke, and heat through air conditioning and ventilating systems. It also provides some general guidance on smoke control systems. This data sheet applies to occupancies for which there is no occupancy-specific data sheet, including stores, shopping centers, and healthcare facilities. It does not apply to warehouses. For occupancies that are highly susceptible to smoke damage, refer to the applicable occupancy-specific data sheets, including Data Sheet 7-36, Pharmaceutical Operations; Data Sheet 5-32, Data Centers and Related Facilities; Data Sheet 5-14, Telecommunications; and Data Sheet 1-3, High-Rise Buildings. For clean rooms, refer to Data Sheet 7-7/17-12, Semiconductor Fabrication Facilities, and Data Sheet 1-56, Cleanrooms. This document does not address the use of flammable refrigerants in air conditioning and ventilating systems. Guidance on this subject can be found in Data Sheet 7-13, Mechanical Refrigeration. 1.1 Changes January 2018. This document has been completely revised. The following major changes were made: A. Revised the scope section to refer to occupancy-specific data sheets for highly smoke-susceptible
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