KAISERIN UND KÖNIGIN MARIA THERESIA and the Crown- Princess Stayed on Board

AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN

BATTLESHIPS

The following list contains all Austro-Hungarian battleships which were in commission during the Great War.

(Compiled by András Veperdi)

ABBREVIATIONS

Arsenal: Naval Shipyard, Pola Arsenal Lloyd: Austrian Lloyd Shipyard, Trieste CNT: Naval Docks Trieste, Monfalcone CNT Pola: In the year of 1916 the CNT was evacuated from Monfalcone to Pola, where the submarine building was continued. Da Bud: Ganz and Danubius AG, Budapest (formerly: H. Schönichen Shipyard) Da Fi: Ganz and Danubius Shipyard, Bergudi, Fiume Da PR: Ganz and Danubius Shipyard, Porto Ré (today: Krajlevica in Croatia) Lussinpiccolo: Marco U. Martinolich, Lussinpiccolo (today: Mali Losinj in Croatia) STT: Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino, Trieste (Its name was Austria – Werft between the years of 1916 and 1918.)

aa: anti-aircraft ihp: indicated horse power nm: nautical mile AC: alternating current IP: Intermediate Pressure oa: over all atm: atmosphere K: Austrian Crown pp: between perpendicular bhp: brake horse power kg: kilogram qf: quick firing (gun) cal: calibre km: kilometre Rpg: Rounds per guns’ barrels cl: class kts: knots rpm: revolution per minute cm: centimetre L: Barrel length in calibre sec: second constr: constructional LP: Low Pressure shp: Shaft horse power DC: direct current m: metre t: tonne(s) (metric tonne(s)) HP: High Pressure mm: millimetre wl: water line

1 SMS KRONPRINZ ERZHERZOG RUDOLF – Local Defence Ship

SMS Kronprinz Erzherzog Rudolf

The after 30.5 cm gun of SMS Kronprinz Erzherzog Rudolf

Laid down : Launched : Commissioned : 25/01/1884 06/07/1887 20/09/1889

Later name: KUMBOR Builder: Arsenal - Pola Costs: 10,885,140 K Sister ship: She had not. The KRONPRINZESSIN ERZHERZOGIN STEFANIE was similar but smaller Displacement: 6,939.23 t (constr) 7,432.45 (full load) Length: 90.26 m (pp) / 94.4 m (wl) / 97.06 m (oa) Beam: 19.27 m Draught: 7.96 m (constr) 8.23 m (full load) Change of Draught: 1 cm = 13.84 t Machinery: 2 four-cylinder triple-expansion vertical steam engines

2 10 fire tube drum boilers, operating pressure 5.27 atm 2 outward revolving propellers with 4 blades, diameter: 5.49 m 2 hours were needed to warm-up main engines Bunkerage: 536 t coal Performance: 6,426 ihp Speed: 15.72 kts at 78 rpm 12.00 kts at 70 rpm Armament: 3 Krupp-type guns in barbettes, cal: 30.5 cm/L35, (Armstrong- Mitchell-type gun cradle, barrel length: 10.7 m, barrel weight: 48.55 t, weight of shell: 455-456 kg, weight of charge: 136-140 kg, shell flight time to 10 km: 24.54 sec. Total ammunition: 150 explosion shells, 30 incendiary shells.) 6 Krupp-type guns, cal: 12 cm/L35 (Total ammunition: 144 explosion shells, 144 incendiary shells, 94 shrapnel shells.) 2 Uchatius-type boat cannons, cal: 7 cm with 304 shells Addition in 1889: 7 Hotchkiss-type qf guns, cal: 4.7 cm/L44 with 2520 rounds 2 Hotchkiss-type qf guns, cal: 4.7 cm/L33 with 1140 rounds 2 qf guns cal: 3.7 cm in the main fighting top with 1140 rounds Four 40 cm torpedo tubes: 1 stern tube under water, 1-1 tube on both sides of bow above water, and 1 tube on the forecastle deck. Total number of torpedo: 12 Protection: Belt: 305 mm Deck: 69 mm Turrets: 254 mm Conning tower: 279 mm

Others: 2 steam launches, 1 sailing launch, 2 sailing cutter I cl, 2 sailing cutter II cl, 1 rescue cutter, 1 commander’s gigg, 3 jollyboats, 2 small-boats. As flagship: 1 ceremonial cutter, 1 admiral’s gigg, 1 gigg with four oars. Boat race flag: “D”. 6 Admiralty-type anchors: 5,400 kg (chain diameter: 54 mm), 5,225 kg, 3,570 kg, 1,061 kg, 500 kg, 325 kg. 4 searchlights with 60 cm diameter, and 1 searchlight with 30 cm- diameter Torpedo net. Supply for 4 months : ammunition for heavy artillery: 82 t, Powder charge: 13 t. Dry foods: biscuit: 8 t, salted meat: 3 t, tinned meat 14,000 portions, rice: 2.5 t, pea: 1.4 t, bean: 3 t, soup stick: 2 t, pepper 50 kg, salt: 1.5 t, coffee 900 kg, sugar 900 kg, pickled cab- bage150 kg, edible oil 1 t, vinegar: 1000 litres. Monthly consumption: of wine 6000 litres, of potato 1850 kg. Daily: fresh bread 250 kg, fresh beef 107 kg. Characteristics: Ram. 1 mast with a fighting top and a derrick for the boats, 2 smoke stacks before mast. The 2 forward 30.5 cm guns situated in barbettes abreast. Complement: 450-460 In 1907: 27 + 427

3 Career:

23 /04/1883 The Emperor I Franz Joseph had confirmed the name of new ship to be build to replace the SALAMANDER armoured frigate what was deleted from Navy List. In May they have started the grading the ground of building site. In August the raising of frames was started. 25/01/1884 The keel was laid down. 07/07 The Emperor visited the site of building. The steel stern-post and the parts of rudder came from the Krupp in Essen, while the stem was made by the Arsenal of Pola. The Smelteries of Dillingen (Germany) has produced the armour plates. 6 /07/1887 at 10.00 the ship was launched under name of KRONPRINZ RUDOLF in the presence of Emperor. Archduchess Marie Therese, wife of Archduke Carl Ludwig was the godmother in name of Empress Elizabeth. In the invitees were also Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Archdukes Leopold and Carl Stefan. Between 27/07 and 16/08/1989 she was in dock. 04/09 She made a sea trial run before the measured mile of Pola, then more sea trial runs followed. 30 /06/1890 The ship was fitted up and served in the Summer Training Squadron as the flagship of Rear-admiral Johann Hinke. 21/07 Sailed from Pola. 28-31/07 Gibraltar. The Squad- ron had to stop near the Island of Wight because of the fog. 5-11/08 Portsmouth. She had participated on birthday feast of Prince of Wales. The all ships’ Captains were asked to attend the party. 11/08 Put in Cowes, where Prince of Wales called on board with his suite. 11-12/08 Portsmouth. Her speed had reduced because of damaged starboard screw-shaft. 16-22/08 Copenhagen, where the King had received the Captain of the ship, and next day the King had called on board. They have bound with a wreath the Suenson Memorial. A diver has surveyed the screw-shaft and found out that a docking is necessary. From there she steamed with one main engine. 23/08 – 22/09 Kiel where she was in dock till 17 th /09 . 18/09 Made a sea trial run. 21/09 The steam-pipe was damaged, so the Squadron’ sailing was delayed. 27-29/09 Cherbourg. 2-8/10 Lisbon. 13-17/10 Palermo. 21/10 Arrived at Trieste. During the voyage she proved herself to a seaworthy ship. On the night 6-7/11 she joined the Squadron at Kumbor in Bay of Cattaro, where has carried out exercises. 11/11 – 11/12 Stationed in Bay of Cattaro. 1/12 Gave assistance to the grounded steamer Afrigo. 23/12 She was laid up in Pola. Between 5/01 and 30/06/1891 she was the flagship of Summer Squadron. 25/06 The Emperor I Franz Joseph has embarked at Lissa. 28 /04/1892 She was fitted up and served as flagship of the Summer Squadron. 22/08 She had sailed from Pola for Génua to participate in feasts of Columbus. 24-29/08 Catania. 1-16/09 Génua. 3/09 They have rescued a boat with its 11 passengers from the high waves, who were kept on board till the end of storm. The ship had received an Honourable Certificate from the Ligurian Rescue Association. 12/09 The King of Italy had called on board. 19-21/09 Messina. 24/09 Arrived back at Pola, where was laid up then used as a School Ship. In the year of 1893 her 12 cm guns were changed. From 25/03 she was the training ship of officers’ cadets. From 12/04 She was flagship of Hermann Freiherr von Spaun. 27/04 She was present at launching of KAISERIN UND KÖNIGIN MARIA THERESIA and the Crown- princess stayed on board. 10/08 She was laid up. Between 1/ 05 and 15/08/1894 she was the flagship of Summer Squadron. Between 31/03 and 15/09/1895 she was the flagship of Heavy Division of the Squadron 10/05 The Emperor had embarked and inspected the fleet manoeuvre kept off Fasana. She was placed into First Category of Reserve in September. In the year of 1896 her boilers were repaired, and her screw-shafts were pulled out and centred – aligned. In the year of 1899 she was moored at Vergarolla. As addition she had got four 4.7 cm/L44 quick firing guns and one electric power generator (20 KW).

4 In the year of 1902 she was reconstructed and got roll-keels and watertight bulkheads. 24 /01/1906 She was deleted by the Emperor’s approval from the List of Active Navy Ships, and got local defence roles. The 3.7 cm quick firing guns were replaced by 4.7 cm/L44 quick firing guns. 16 /06/1910 She was transferred as a station ship to Kumbor in the Bay of Cattaro. From 1911 stationed at Kumbor. 29 /11/1914 She has opened fire at an enemy submarine that entered into the Bay of Cattaro. 11/12 She fired off 4 shells to the mountain position of Army of Montenegro. 31/ 01/1915 She opened fire at an enemy submarine. In the year of 1916 she was reassigned to Porto Rose to the subordination of II Mine Com- mand. 1 /02/1918 Participated in the sailors” mutiny at Cattaro. She cleared her anchorage to join the mutinied ships, but the shore batteries opened fire on her. The middles section of the ship got a hit and several men on her bridge have died, amongst them one of the ringleader, Gunnery Petty Officer Sagner. One mine of the mine barrage had exploded and more 7 men have died. She has dropped the anchor near to hospital ship Afrika and the wounded men were transferred. The ship had surrendered next day. In the January of 1919 she became accommodation ship for the Yugoslavian personnel. 3 /4/1921 The Yugoslavian Navy took over and renamed her as KUMBOR. In 1922 a Dutch Company with the assistance of an Austrian broker has bought her to break up, and she was towed away from Bay of Cattaro.

MONARCH class Coast Defence Battleships

SMS MONARCH

5 Laid down : Launched : Commissioned : 31/07/1893 09/05/1895 11/05/1898

Builder: Arsenal, Pola Costs: 9,168,390 K Sister ships: WIEN, BUDAPEST Displacement: 5,636.00 t (constr) 5,878.00 t (full load) Length: 93.30 m (pp) / 97.67 m (wl) / 99,22 m (oa) Beam: 17.00 m Draught: 6.39 m (constr) 6.66 m (full load) Change of Draught: 1 cm = 12.2 t Machinery: 2 three-cylinder triple-expansion vertical steam engines. (Diamet- ers: HP cylinder: 85 cm, IP cylinder: 130 cm and LP cylinder: 200 cm. Length of piston travel: 90 cm.) 5 fire tube drum boilers with 24 furnaces. Operating pressure: 11 atm. Total weights with boiler water: 880 t. Diameter of boiler: 424 cm, surface of fire-grate: 53 m2, heating surface: 1465 m2, smoke stack: 8.69 m2, its height from the fire-grate 21 m. 2 outward revolving propellers with 3 blades, diameter: 4.42 m. The diameter could changed between 3.975 m and 4,724 m. Bunkerage: 500 t coal Endurance: 3,000 nm at 10 kts Performance: 8,500 ihp Speed: 17.4 kts at 135 rpm Armament: 4 Krupp-type guns, cal: 24 cm/L40, situated in two electric moved turrets, which could swing-aside in arc of 260°. Barrel length: 9.6 m, barrel weight: 26 t, elevation: 25°, range: 16 km, length of shell: 84 cm, weight of shell 215 kg. (Rpg: 160 shells, total: 640 shells.)

6 6 Krupp-type guns cal: 15 cm/L40 with 1080 shells, rate of fire: 8 aimed shots per minute. 2 boat cannons, cal: 7cm 10 Skoda-type guns, cal: 4.7 cm/L44 4 Hotchkiss qf guns, cal: 4.7 cm/L33 with 5,000 rounds 1 machinegun, cal: 8 mm 2 Uchatius-type boat cannons, cal: 7 cm/L16 with 200 rounds Two 45 cm torpedo tubes under water line (1-1 on each side). Total number of torpedo: 6. (4 armed and 2 for training.) Protection: Belt: 220-270 mm in height of 2.1 m Deck: 40-60 mm Conning tower: 220 mm Main turrets: 250 mm Casemate batteries: 80 mm Total weight of armour: 1,700 t. It is about one third of the total weight of the ship. Others: Boat race flag: “Q”. Electric lighting with 380 bulbs, 4 searchlights with diameter 60 cm and 2 searchlights with diameter 30 cm for the steam launches. 2 generators 50 KW and 4 generators 40 KW. Pumping capacity per hour: 1,500 t water. Rudder surface: 16.5 m2 Characteristics: Ram. 2 masts, the forward is much higher, 1 smoke stack. Complement: In 1907: 26 + 415 As in Reserve Squadron: 14 + 238 In readiness to rig up: 6 + 224 In laid-up: 3 + 58 In 1908: 26 + 407.

Career: 31/07/1893 The building was started with laying one part of her keel. 2 /12/1894 I Franz Joseph had confirmed her name. 9 /05/1895 She was launched (on the Battle of Helgoland’s anniversary). Her godmother was Archduchess Maria Theresia. In the invitees were also Emperor I Franz Joseph, Archdukes Carl Ludwig, Franz Ferdinand, Ludwig Viktor, Franz Salvator and Carl Stefan, the last with his wife. The wives of navy officers donated a Flag of Honour to ship. In the year of 1897 carried out sea trials. Under way the ship has made very big bow waves. She had powerful artillery, great cruising speed, significant endurance and a good armour protection. 9 /05/1898 At 16.00 Archduke Franz Ferdinand had inspected the ship in Port of Pola. Between 11/5 and 19/08 she was the flagship of 1st Heavy Division of Summer Squadron and Vice-admiral Franz Freiherr von Minutillo. There were experiments on board with Sellner- type night signal apparatus. The results were satisfying. She steamed for Dalmatia and stayed there. Between August and October she made several training trips. Her ventilators were lengthened to get better draught. In the year of 1899 she was the flagship of 1st Heavy Division of Summer Squadron and con- temporaneously Vice-admiral Franz Freiherr von Minutillo. 19/07 During a tactical exercise in the Zut-channel at 10.38 hours she hit against port side of torpedo boat SMS BUSSARD because of the mistake of her Captain. In October she cruised in the Eastern-Mediterranean.

7 During her cruise she had called at ports of Corfu, Piraeus, Saloniki, Smyrna, Beirut, Syra, Suda and Malta. 18/12 She returned to Pola. In the year of 1900 she was flagship of Vice-admiral Rudolf Graf Montecuccoli. In May she was laid up. In 1901 roll-keels and two 4.7 cm quick firing guns were mounted. 14/10 She was fitted up as the flagship of Rear-admiral Julius von Ripper in the Squadron. She cruised on the waters of Dalmatia. 1 /03/1902 She had sailed from Pola with the Squadron for a cruise in the Western-Mediter- ranean. 1-2/03 She stopped at Lussin because of bad weather. 3-4/03 Corfu. 9/03 Arrived at Algier. 14-19/03 Cartagena. 20-25/03 Barcelona. 26-29/03 Toulon. 30/03 – 2/04 La Spezia. 4-10/04 Naples. 12-16/04 Taranto. 17-19/04 Zante. 20-24/04 Valona. When sailed she touched the bottom of port. 24-28/04 Durazzo. 29/04 Arrived at Pola. 1-3/09 Participated in the landing exercises carried out in presence of the Emperor on the Istrian shores. 9/09 She was laid up. Her damaged hull was repaired; the machinery was reconstructed and her screw- shafts were replaced. Meantime her anti-torpedo nets were removed, and the lower part of smoke stack got a stronger cover. In 1903 was in Reserve. 31/12 She was fitted up. Between 1/01 and 21/03/1904 served in the Squadron and cruised off Dalmatia and finally put in Teodo. 23/03 – 5/04 Piraeus, then cruised in the Eastern-Mediterranean. 6-7/04 Kios. 9-21/04 Smyrna. 23/04 – 3/05 Alexandria, Crete Patras. 7-11/05 Kefalónia. 12-16/05 Valona. 16/05 Put in Teodo. Between 15/06 and 15/09 she was the flagship of 2nd Division. 15/09 She was laid up in Pola. Her conning tower got splinter-plates. Between 14/06 and 15/09/1905 served as flagship of the 2nd Division of Summer Squadron. 1 /01/1906 She was reassigned first time to the Reserve Squadron and became the flagship of Rear-admiral Anton Haus. Between 15/06 and 30/09 served in the Summer Squadron. Her bridge was lengthened. Minor repairs were made on her main engines. Got 3.7 cm guns, and 7cm/L18 guns. Layer stations were mounted to her 15 cm guns. From 1/ 01/1907 she was the flagship of Reserve Squadron. From 11/05 served as the ship of Commodore Alois von Kunsti. Between 15/06 and 15/09 served in the Summer Squadron. 21/1 Gave assistance to the Lloyd steamer Galatea which has run aground just off port of Pola in the heavy fog. The steamer was re-floated with help of the Arsenal. In 1908 she was the flagship of the 2nd Heavy Divisions and Rear-admiral Friedrich Müller von Elblein. Later in the year she went through an extensive maintenance. In 1909 she began the year in Reserve. Between 15/03 and 18/04 she was the flagship of the mobilised Reserve Squadron. After that she was provided with new optical sights for her 24 cm guns, and her ammunition lifts were modernised. The run-down wood and linoleum covers of decks were replaced. 8 /12/1912 She was commissioned as flagship of the 4th Division. 10 /03/1913 She was deleted from the List of Fleet Active Ships, and the radio station was transferred. She went to Sebenico where training ship of the Deckboy School became. 1 /03/1914 She was fitted up and cruised on the waters of Levant with apprentices of Petty Of- ficers School. 6/04 Sailed from Teodo. 6-8/04 Durazzo. 11-23/04 Smyrna. 24-28/04 Marmarizza. 29-30/04 Mersine. 1-3/05 Alexandretta. 4-5/05 Famagusta. 6-10/05 Beirut. 11-15/05 Jaffa where some of her complement went to a pilgrimage. 16-19/05 Port Said. 19-24/05 Alexandria. 30/05 Arrived at Fasana. From 1/08 was the flagship of 5th Division and Rear-admiral von Barry. She was sent to Bay of Cattaro. 16/08 Made a reconnaissance off Budua and Castellausta. She turned back after sighting the French Fleet, and then 1 mile from the Punta d’Ostro has stopped to wait for arrival of friendly units. She had seen only a white smoke column from the sinking of SMS ZENTA. 9/09 and 17/09 shelled Budua. 19/09 She

8 took position near to Punta d’Ostro when the French Fleet approached the Cattaro-bay. After that she shelled the positions of Montenegro Army. 7 /01/1915 She gave artillery support to Infantry off Zupa. 25/07 She landed a landing department near to Traste. In the action 1 man died, 1 man got heavy wounds and 1 man was taken prisoner. 30 /07/ 1916 Sailed for Pola to be docked. 2/09 Returned to Cattaro-bay. 1 /02/1918 The sailors’ mutiny flared up also on board, but after two days it was ended. 14/03 The Command of 5th Division had left the ship and she was used as accommodation ship by the Submarine Station of Cattaro. 9/04 The Submarine Station returned her to the Fleet. On 1 st of November she has stayed in Cattaro-bay. In the January of 1919 the Yugoslavian personnel used her as accommodation ship. 2-3/04 She was moored at Gjenovic, and the British submarine M1 was photographed alongside her. In 1920 she was allocated to Great Britain, but British sold her to break up to the Italian Vac- caro & Co Steel Works.

SMS WIEN

9 Laid down : Launched : Commissioned : 16/02/1893 06/07/1895 13/05/1897

Builder: STT, Trieste – San Rocco Costs: 9 756 482 K Sister ships: BUDAPEST, MONARCH Displacement: 5,672.00 t (constr) Length: 93.30 m (pp) / 97.67 m (wl) / 99.22 m (oa) Beam: 16.98 m Draught: 6.36 m (constr) Change of Draught: 1 cm = 12.2 t Machinery: 2 three-cylinder triple-expansion vertical steam engines. (Diamet- ers: HP cylinder: 85 cm, IP cylinder: 130 cm and LP cylinder: 200 cm. Length of piston travel: 90 cm.) 5 fire tube drum boilers with 24 furnaces. Operating pressure: 11 atm. Total weights with boiler water: 880 t. Diameter of boiler: 424 cm, surface of fire-grate: 53 m2, heating surface: 1465 m2, smoke stack 8.69 m2, its height from the fire-grate 21 m. 2 outward revolving propellers with 3 blades, diameter: 4.42 m. The diameter could changed between 3.975 m and 4,724 m. Bunkerage: 450 t coal Endurance: 3,000 nm at 10 kts Performance: 8,460 ihp Speed: 17.49 kts at 130 rpm Armament: 4 Krupp-type guns, cal: 24 cm/L40, situated in two electric moved turrets, which could swing-aside in arc of 260°. Barrel length: 9.6 m, barrel weight: 26 t, elevation: 25°, range: 16 km, length of shell: 84 cm, weight of shell 215 kg. (Rpg: 160 shells, total: 640 shells.) 6 Krupp-type guns cal: 15 cm/L40 with 1080 shells, rate of fire: 8 aimed shots per minute. 2 boat cannons, cal: 7cm 10 Skoda-type guns, cal: 4.7 cm/L44 4 Hotchkiss qf guns, cal: 4.7 cm/L33 with 5,000 rounds 1 machinegun, cal: 8 mm

10 2 Uchatius-type boat cannons, cal: 7 cm/L16 with 200 rounds Two 45 cm torpedo tubes under water line (1-1 on each side). Total number of torpedo: 6. (4 armed and 2 for training.) Protection: Belt: 220-270 mm in height of 2.1 m Deck: 40-60 mm Conning tower: 220 mm Main turrets: 250 mm Casemate batteries: 80 mm Total weight of armour: 1,700 t. It is about one third of the total weight of the ship. Others: Boat race flag: “N”. Had radio station already in 1903. Electric lighting with 380 bulbs, 4 searchlights with diameter 60 cm and 2 searchlights with diameter 30 cm for the steam launches. 2 generators 50 KW and 4 generators 40 KW. Pumping capacity per hour: 1,500 t water. Rudder surface: 16.5 m2 Characteristics: Ram. 2 masts, the forward is much higher, 1 smoke stack. Complement: In 1907: 26 + 415 As in Reserve Squadron: 14 + 238 In readiness to rig up: 6 + 224 In laid-up: 3 + 58 In 1908: 26 + 405

Career :

16 /02/1893 The building was started. 2 /12/1894 The Emperor I Franz Joseph had confirmed her name. 6 /07/1895 She was launched. Delegation of Vienna has attended to event and amongst them was Dr. Carl Lueger, in that time Deputy of Imperial Council. The Magistrate of Vienna donated a Flag of Honour to the ship and later on an oil painting. In the year of 1896 she made several sea trial runs. The navigational features were adequate and her steering ability had proved good. 13 /05/1897 She was commissioned first time. 20/05 Sailed from Pola under command of Vice-admiral Hermann Freiherr von Spaun for England to participate in the feasts given on occasion of 50th Anniversary of Queen Victoria reign. 24-30/05 Algier. 1/06 There was a coal- gas explosion in one of her coal bunkers because of use an open flame. One man died and three men lightly wounded. The damages were insignificants. 2-10/06 Lisbon. 9/06 The King and Queen of Portugal called on board with Duke of Oporto. The ship’s Flag of Honour was hoisted up first time. 14/06 – 1/07 Portsmouth, Spithead anchorage. Slowly arrived more for- eigner warships, their total number was 14. Beside them were there 167 British warships, 130 yachts and 34 big sized merchant steamers. One British officer was sent on board of each for- eigner vessel. 18/06 The Captain of SMS WIEN went to London, where he waited on Arch- duke Franz Ferdinand who has arrived there earlier. 26/06 The Fleet Review. The ship hoisted up her Flag of Honour on this occasion. Archduke Franz Ferdinand has expressed his admire on ship. In the evening the floodlights were switched on. 5-8/07 Cadiz. She steamed in bad weather. 12-15/07 Palermo. 16/07 In the Bay of Taranto a schooner-brig without any flag hoisted up all her sails despite of very strong wind and outpaced her. From SMS WIEN they have seen two men on foremast of the schooner-brig working with fasts of upper sails during the manoeuvre. In this moment the foremast fallen out with two sailors into the water. The

11 shrouds of maintop also were severed. The sailing ship Carattere, registered in Lussin, now hoisted up first time the Austrian-Hungarian merchant flag and answered with “Yes” to the inquiring: “Do you need help?” The sea was rather roughly, but they could take in tow the damaged ship. They used for towing two hemp ropes 10 cm. The speed of towing reached the 4-6 knots and 100 m length of the towing ropes were paid out. At Cape of Santa Maria di Leuca the heavy waves reduced the towing speed, so it was impossible to tow her into Brind- isi. The schooner-brig took in very much water and several sailors were sent over with a boat to help pump out. After about two hours struggling, it was evident that the pumping is hope- less and the sailors returned to the warship, while some of the crew of the schooner-brig remained on board. About one hour after, when darkened, they asked the Captain to pick up them also. At that time the boat approach could be very dangerous, so the SMS WIEN turned windward and paid out ropes with lifebelts. The men of the sailing ship have grabbed them and were hoisted up to the warship. The openings of the schooner-brig were blocked during the voyage by the sulphur cargo from Palermo for Greece, so with luck they could tow her in another course to Cattaro. The sailing ship was sinking slowly to the deck level, but she has remained in this state and with her lucky survivors she was towed into Meljine. 18-19/07 Castelnuovo. 19/07 Arrived at Pola. 2/09 Sailed from Pola as the flagship of Rear-admiral Jo- hann Edler von Hinke for blockade of Crete. 3-4/09 Teodo. 6/09 – 13/12 Suda-bay. 14-27/12 Smyrna. 28/12/1897 – 18/01/1898 Suda-bay. 19/01 – 15/03 Suda-bay. 16/03 Sitia. 17/03 Can- dia. 19/03 – 12/04 Suda-bay. 16/04 Arrived at Pola. 30/04 She was laid up. 15/05 Archduke Franz Ferdinand called on board in the Arsenal. To get better draught her ventilators were lengthened and their openings were made larger. The bronze bushings of screw-shafts were replaced. 28 /05/1899 She was fitted up and assigned to the Summer Squadron. 21/10 Sailed from Teodo for a cruise in the Eastern-Mediterranean. 22-24/10 Corfu. 25/10 – 2/11. Piraeus. 2-7/11 Saloniki. 11-20/11 Smyrna. 23-24/11 Mersine. 25/11 – 3/12 Beirut. 6-7/12 Syra. 7-10/12 Suda-bay. 12-16/12 Malta. 18-20/12 Gravosa. 21/12 Arrived back at Pola. In 1900 she served in the Squadron. 24/04 She was laid up. In the year of 1901 she has got roll-keels and two 4.7 cm quick firing guns. 14/10 Was fitted up and cruised with Squadron on waters of Dalmatia. 1 /03/1902 Sailed from Pola with the Squadron for the Mediterranean-Sea. 1-2/03 She stopped at Lussin because of bad weather. 3-4/03 Corfu. 8-12/03 Algier. 14-19/03 Cartagena. 20-25/03 Barcelona. 26-29/03 Toulon. 30/03 – 2/04 La Spezia. 4-10/04 Naples. 12-16/04 Taranto. 17-19/04 Zante. 20-24/04 Valona. 24-28/04 Durazzo. 29/04 Arrived at Pola. She had rescued the Italian schooner Carnelo. 1-3/09 She has participated in the landing exercises carried out in presence of the Emperor on the Istrian shores. 8/09 She was laid up. 31/12 She was fitted up. From 1/01/1903 she served in the Squadron. Received a Siemens-Braun-type radio station. Cruised on Dalmatian waters. 30/03 Sailed from Teodo for Levant. 31/03 – 2/04 Valona. 2-7/04 Corfu. 9-19/04 Piraeus. 20-21/04 Rhodes. 21-25/04 Makri. 27-29/04 Vathi. 30/04 Called at Kios. 1/05 – 4/06 She stayed in Saloniki as a station ship. 7/06 Put in Teodo. 10/06 She joined the Squadron at Fasana. Later on she was assigned to the Artillery School Ver- galora in the Bay of Pola. 15/09 She was laid up. In 1904 she was fitted up, and between 15/06 and 14/09 served in the Summer Squadron. 11/07 She has run aground on an unknown underwater reef in the Salona-bay. The ship’s damages were heavy, so she had to go to Arsenal Pola for repair. Her conning tower was provided with splinter-plates. 23/07 She was again in operational condition. In September she sailed with the Squadron, and later she had left it. Between 14/06 and 19/07/1905 she served in the Summer Squadron. 14/07 Her stern has run aground near to Island Galiciak in the Mezzo Meleda- channel during a night manoeuvre. She

12 got heavy damages and her stern post was broken. She was re-floated and towed to Pola for repair. The stern post was welded by gas welding and 3 blades of screw were replaced. From 1/01/1906 she belonged to the Reserve Squadron. Between 15/06 and 20/09 she served in the 2nd Division of Summer Division. Her bridge was lengthened. Minor repairs were carried aout on her main engines and the screw-shafts were surveyed. She has got 3.7 cm guns, and 7cm/L18 guns. Layer stations were mounted to her 15 cm guns. 15/ 06 – 15/09/1907 She served in the Summer Squadron; otherwise she belonged to the Re- serve Squadron. She went through an extensive maintenance. 15/06 – 15/09/1908 She served in the Summer Squadron; otherwise she belonged to the Re- serve Squadron. She had touched the sea bottom near to Lessina. 15 /03 – 04/17/1909 She belonged to the Reserve Squadron. She was provided with new optical sights for her 24 cm guns; got new range-finders and her ammunition lifts were modernised. The wood covers of manoeuvre deck were replaced. In 1911 the run-down wood and linoleum covers of other decks were replaced. 10 /11/1912 She was commissioned in the 4th Heavy Division. 10 /03/1913 She was laid up and her radio station was transferred. 1/12 She was commissioned once again and as training ship was assigned to the Artillery School at Vergalora. 30 /05/1914 She was laid up. 1/08 She was commissioned and sent to the Cattaro-bay. 15/08 Shelled the positions of Montenegro Army at Budua. 8-9/09 Shelled once again the enemy’s positions. 25 /08/1915 She made reconnaissance and landed a landing department in Traste-bay. One man was wounded. 22 /08/1917 She was sent in company of SMS BUDAPEST to Trieste to counter the enemy’s landing endeavours. Her commander was Captain Heinrich von Seitz. 26/08 She has got an air attack. 5/09 One of her side boats got a hit and the hull was cracked in 6 m length under her water line. The compartments were flooded, but the leak was plugged temporarily. An anti-airship gun was mounted. 12/09 Steamed to Pola. 30/10 Returned to Trieste. 16/11 She got 7 hits (one on the armour belt) during the artillery duel with the Cortellazzo batteries. Minor damages and small losses. 10/12 She anchored in the Muggia-bay. At night 02.30 the Italian MAS 9 torpedo boat (skipper Luigi Rizzo) negotiated the barrier with a hydraulic cutter, and sunk her with 2 torpedoes. The MAS 9 used her electric motor, so she could not be heard. The SMS WIEN has listed to her side and sunk in 10 minutes stem ahead. In the same time the MAS 13 has launched her torpedoes at the SMS BUDAPEST which was anchored near to SMS WIEN, but the torpedoes missed the target. From the crew of WIEN 35 men died and 2 were disappeared. The battleship has settled with her keel upward in the 15 m depth water. 7 /06/1918 The works of raising were stopped for duration for war. In May of 1925 the Italians have raised her and found 25 bodies in the ship. They are resting today in a common grave of the Trieste Central Cemetery.

13 SMS BUDAPEST

Laid down : Launched : Commissioned : 16/02/1893 27/04/1896 12/05/1898

Builder: STT, Trieste – San Rocco Costs: Unknown Sister ships: WIEN, MONARCH Displacement: 5,493.00 t (constr) 5,878.00 t (full load) Length: 93.30 m (pp) / 97.67 m (wl) / 99.22 m (oa) Beam: 17.00 m Draught: 6.39 m (constr) 6.66 m (full load) Change of Draught: 1 cm = 12.2 t Machinery: 2 three-cylinder triple-expansion vertical steam engines. (Diamet- ers: HP cylinder: 85 cm, IP cylinder: 130 cm and LP cylinder: 200 cm. Length of piston travel: 90 cm.)

14 16 water tube Belville-type boilers (Made by Maudsley & Sons). Operating pressure: 17.5 atm. Height of smoke stack from the fire- grate 22.15 m. 2 outward revolving propellers with 3 blades, diameter: 4.42 m. Bunkerage: 500 t coal Endurance: 3000 nm at 10 kts Performance: 9,180 ihp Speed: 17.80 kts at 135 rpm Armament: 4 Krupp-type guns, cal: 24 cm/L40, situated in two electric moved turrets, which could swing-aside in arc of 260°. Barrel length: 9.6 m, barrel weight: 26 t, elevation: 25°, range: 16 km, length of shell: 84 cm, weight of shell 215 kg. (Rpg: 160 shells, total: 640 shells.) 6 Krupp-type guns cal: 15 cm/L40 with 1080 shells, rate of fire: 8 aimed shots per minute. 2 boat cannons, cal: 7cm 10 Skoda-type guns, cal: 4.7 cm/L44 4 Hotchkiss qf guns, cal: 4.7 cm/L33 with 5,000 rounds 2 machineguns, cal: 8 mm 2 Uchatius-type boat cannons, cal: 7 cm/L16 with 200 rounds Two 45 cm torpedo tubes under water line (1-1 on each side). Total number of torpedo: 6. (4 armed and 2 for training.) Protection: Belt: 220-270 mm, in height 2.1 m Deck: 40-60 mm Conning tower: 220 mm Main turrets: 250 mm Casemate batteries: 80 mm Total weight of armour: 1,700 t. It is about one third of the total weight of the ship. Others: Boat race flag: “D”. Electric lighting with 380 bulbs, 4 searchlights with diameter 60 cm and 2 searchlights with diameter 30 cm for the steam launches. 2 generators 50 KW and 4 generators 40 KW. Pumping capacity per hour: 1,500 t water. Rudder surface: 16.5 m2 Characteristics: Ram. 2 masts, the forward is much higher, 1 smoke stack. Counter to her sister ships the after bigger air-feeder had two openings one above the other. Complement: In 1907: 26 + 415 As in Reserve Squadron: 14 + 238 In readiness to rig up: 6 + 224 In laid-up: 3 + 58

Career : 16 /02/1893 Her building was started. 2 /12/1894 The Emperor I Franz Joseph had confirmed her name. 2 /04/1896 She was launched. Countess Széchenyi-Andrássy Mária was the godmother in name of Archduchess Mária Valéria. Delegation of Budapest leaded by Mayor Dr. Károly Ráth also attended to the event. To honour the launched ship the Squadron has anchored in Trieste-bay.

15 12 /05/1898 The Navy took her over and commissioned. Between 17/05 and 19/08 she served as the flagship of the Summer Squadron. She was the first unit of the Imperial and Royal Navy which had water tube boilers. The bronze bushings of screw-shafts were replaced. In 1899 she belonged to the Squadron. 12/06 Gave assistance to a damaged fisher vessel near to the Cape Platamona in South-Dalmatia. 21/10 Left Teodo for a cruise in the Eastern-Medi- terranean. 22/10 Arrived at Corfu. 25/10 – 2/11 Piraeus. 3-9/11 Saloniki. 11-20/11 Smyrna. 23-24/11 Mersine. 25/11 – 3/12 Beirut. 6-8/12 Syra. 8-10/12 Suda-bay. 12-16/12 Malta. 23/12 Put in Gravosa and joined the Squadron. In April of 1900 she was laid up in Pola, where got roll-keels. From 30/06 she belonged to the Squadron. 3/ 06 – 3/07/1901 She was assigned to the Summer Squadron. For one month she served in port duty. She got two 4.7 cm quick firing guns. From 14/10 she belonged to the Summer Squadron and cruised on Dalmatian waters. 1 /03/1902 She sailed from Pola with the Squadron for the Mediterranean-Sea. 1-2/03 She stopped at Lussin because of bad weather. 3-4/03 Corfu. 8/03 Arrived at Algier. 14-19/03 Cartagena. 21-25/03 Barcelona. 26-29/03 Toulon. 30/03 – 2/04 La Spezia. 4-10/04 Naples. 12-16/04 Taranto. 17-19/04 Zante. 20-24/04 Valona. 24-28/04 Durazzo. 29/04 Arrived at Pola. 1-3/09 She has participated in the landing exercises executed in presence of the Emperor on the Istrian shores. From 1/01/1903 she served in the Squadron. Received a Siemens-Braun-type radio station. Cruised on Dalmatian waters. 30/03 Sailed with the Squadron from Teodo for Eastern-Medi- terranean. 31/03 – 2/04 Valona. 2-7/04 Corfu. 9-19/04 Piraeus. 20-21/04 Rhodes. 21-25/04 Makri. 27-29/04 Vathi. 30/04 Called at Kios. 1/05 Called at Smyrna. 2-13/05 Saloniki. 15-20/05 Syra. 21/05 Called at Calamotta. 25/05 Arrived back at Pola. 31/05 She was laid up. Her conning tower was provided with splinter-plates; her ventilators were modified and the mounts of 24 guns were repaired. 15 /06 – 13/09/1904 She served in the Summer Squadron. 23/06 – 12/09/1905 She belonged to the Summer Squadron. Later on her machinery was overhauled. From 1/01/1906 she was in the Reserve Squadron. 20/05 – 20/09 She served in the Summer Squadron. She carried out experiments with fixed airship for purposes of reconnaissance. Her bridge was lengthened. Minor repairs were made on her main engines and the screw-shafts were surveyed. She got 3.7 cm guns, and 7cm/L18 guns. Layer stations were mounted to her 15 cm guns. From 1/01/1907 she belonged to the Reserve Squadron. 15/06 – 15/09 She served in the Summer Squadron. In 1908 she belonged to the Reserve Squadron. 15/06 – 15/09 She served in the Summer Squadron. Later she anchored at Pola, where the water tubes of boilers were replaced and her machinery went through an extensive maintenance. 15 /03/1909 She was fitted up because of the Balkan Crisis. From 17/04 she was placed into the First Category of Reserve. She was provided with new optical sights for her 24 cm guns, got new range-finders and her ammunition lifts were modernised. The wood covers of manoeuvre deck were replaced. In 1911 the run-down wood and linoleum covers of other decks were replaced. 8 /11/1912 She was commissioned. From 10/03/1913 she was the training ship of the Officers’ Academy of Fiume. Her radio station was transferred. In 1914 she stayed at Fiume. 14/06 The cadets of the fourth year of Officers’ Academy were graduated. 14/08 Arrived at Cattaro-bay. 14/08 Shelled the artillery positions on Mount Kr- stac. 15/08 She continued the shelling of Montenegro positions. 19/09 She went to defence

16 position just before the Punta d’Ostro when the French Fleet has approached Cattaro-bay. 31/10 She got herself in fire of the enemy artillery situated along the Zupa. In 1915 she stationed at Cattaro-bay. 30/12 Sailed to meet the Group of SMS HELGOLAND, but did not come to grips with enemy. 8 /01/1916 Shelled the Baljak batteries of the Montenegro Army. 10/01 Shelled the battery on the Mount Lovcen. 15 /05/1917 Sailed to meet the Group of SMS NOVARA, but there was not need already for help, so turned back. 22/08 Sailed for Trieste. 26/08 Arrived at Trieste. 1/09 An anti-airship gun was mounted. She has got an air attack, without any damages. 13/09 She went to Pola. 30/10 Sailed for Trieste. 16/11 She had fought artillery duel with the Cortellazzo batteries. One hit under water line, but minimal losses. 19/11 The new Emperor Károly (Karl) called on board. 10/12 She was anchored in Muggia-bay and an Italian MAS launched 2 torpedoes on her but missed. 11/12 Shelled the Cortellazzo batteries. 21/12 She went to Pola. 11 /03/1918 She was decommissioned and given over to the Command of Submarines. 26/03 They have started build in a 38 cm Skoda M16-type howitzer in place of her forward turret. 4/06 The reconstruction was finished. 5/06 She has fired three 750 kg training rounds just before of Port of Pola during a test. The firing to side caused a roll of 35°. 7/06. She was commissioned with reduced complement. 7/08 She carried out an artillery firing-practice and fired to 13,000 m. The howitzer was fired by electric means, and the gun’s crew always had to leave the howitzer when it was fired. The firing-practice was stopped because of the general ammunition shortage. 11/10 After the guns’ barrels and cradles were removed; she was given over as an accommodation ship to the Command of Submarines. In 1920 she was allocated to Great Britain, but British sold her to break up in Italy by the Vaccaro & Co Steel Works.

HABSBURG class Battleships (pre-dreadnought s)

SMS HABSBURG

17 Laid down : Launched : Commissioned : 1899. 03. 13. 1900. 09. 09. 1902. 12. 31.

Builder: STT, Trieste – San Marco Costs: 17,276,833 K Sister ships: ÁRPÁD, BABENBERG Displacement: 8,363.80 t 8,964.20 t (full load) Length: 107.6 m (pp) / 113.11 m (wl), 114.57 m (oa) Beam: 19.86 m on wl 21.20 m above barbettes Draught: 7.10 m 7.49 (full load) Change of Draught: 1 cm = 16.32 t Machinery: 2 four-cylinder triple-expansion vertical steam engines. 16 water tube Belville-type boilers (Made by Maudsley Sons & Fiel). Operating pressure: 20 atm. 2 inward revolving propellers with 3 blades, diameter: 4.88 m Bunkerage: 800 t coal Endurance: 3600 nm at 12 kts Performance: 15,331 ihp on 9th October 1902 Speed: 19.68 kts at 141 rpm on 9th October 1902 Armament: 3 Krupp-type guns, cal: 24 cm/L40 (situated forward in one twin turret, aft in one single turret, Rpg: 80 shells, total: 240 shells) 12 guns, cal: 15 cm/L40 (situated in the side barbettes, Rpg: 180 shells, total: 2160 shells) 10 Skoda-type qf guns, cal: 7 cm/L45 (Total ammunition: 4000 shells) 12 Vickers-type qf guns, cal: 3.7 cm

18 4 Skoda-type machineguns, cal: 8 mm Two 45 cm torpedo tubes under water line with 6 torpedoes 20 mines L/99-type in 1905 and in 1917: The 3.7 cm Vickers-type guns were replaced by 6 Skoda-type guns, cal: 4.7 cm/L44, and 2 Skoda-type guns 4.7 cm/L33. in 1906: Installed 2 guns, cal: 7 cm/L18 in 1916: Installed 1 aa gun, cal: db 7 cm/L45 Protection: Belt: 180-220 mm Deck: 40-66 mm Conning tower: 200 mm Main turrets: 210-280 mm Casemate batteries: 135 mm Others: 1 steam launch I cl, 1 patrol steamboat II cl, 1 barge I cl, 1 longboat II cl, 1 rescue cutter I cl, 1 cutter I cl, 1 cutter II cl, 1 gigg I cl, 1 gigg II cl, 4 jollyboats, 1 small-boat. 4 Tyszak-type anchors: 5,180 kg, 5,210 kg, 5,065 kg, 1,279 kg 2 Admiralty-type anchors: 617 kg, 310 kg. 6-7 searchlights with diameter 60 cm, and 2 searchlights with diameter 35 cm. 91 three-phase AC and DC electric motors to operate the boats’ davits, turrets, ventilators and machine tools. 6 generators. Characteristics: 2 masts, 2 narrow and high smoke stacks. The 15 cm cal guns situated in barbettes one above the other. Complement: In 1907: 32 + 620 As in Reserve Squadron: 16 + 352 In readiness to rig up: 7 + 160 In laid-up: 3 + 76 In 1908: 32 + 604 In 1909: 32 + 591

Career :

13 /03/1899 The building was started. 9 / 09/1900 She was launched. The Archduchess Isabella, escorted by his husband Archduke Friedrich, was the godmother. 20 /09/1902 She steamed over to Pola. 31/12 She was commissioned. From 1/01/ 1903 she was the flagship of Rear-admiral Leodegar Kneißler von Maixdorf in the Squadron. She received a Siemens-Braun-type radio station. Went to Dalmatia. 24/03 Arch- duke Franz Ferdinand inspected the ship in port of Gravosa. 30/03 Sailed from Teodo. 30/03 – 2/04 Valona. 2-7/04 Corfu. 9-19/04 Piraeus. The King of Greece and the German Crown- prince Eitel Friedrich called on board. 20/04 Called at Rhodes. 21-25/04 Makri. 27-29/04 Vathi 30/04 Called at Kios. 1-13/05 Saloniki, because earlier several outrage happened there. 14-15/05 Volos. 17-20/05 Syra. 20-26/05 Smyrna. 28-30/05 Suda-bay. 1-2/06 Durazzo. 4/06 Put in Teodo. 6/12 In the Bay of Fiume she gave assistance in a strong south-eastern storm to the Italian fishing vessel Messalina who lost her rudder. After that she was the flagship Heavy Division of the Squadron and cruised on the Dalmatian waters.

19 2 /03/1904 Sailed from Pola. 20-21/03 Teodo. 24/03 – 5/04 Piraeus, where the King of Greece called on board. 6/04 Put in Mytilene. 9-21/04 Smyrna. 23/04 – 3/05 Alexandria. 7-11/05 Ke- falónia. 12-15/05 Valona. 16/05 Arrived at Teodo. Joined the Summer Squadron and went to Dalmatia. From 26/09 she was the flagship of Rear-admiral Miecislaus Ritter von Siemuszowa-Pietruski in the Squadron. 1 /02/1905 Sailed from Pola under the Rear-admiral for Levant. 5-16/02 Piraeus. Here they have received the King and queen of Greece on board. 18-19/02 Volos. 20/02 – 8/03 Saloniki. 10-16/03 Mudros. 19/03 Called at Mytilene. 20/03 – 6/04 Smyrna. 6-7/04 Cesme. 9/04 Paros. 9-12/04 Syra. 12-13/04 Milo. 14-17/04 Kefalónia. 18-20/04 Durazzo. 21-22/04 Lungo Grossa. 22/04 Arrived back at Pola. 21/05 She has anchored with the Squadron off Trieste on occasion of launching of SMS ERZHERZOG FERDINAND MAX. The C-in-C of the Navy stayed on board on the return trip to Pola. 14/06 – 15/09 She belonged to the Summer Squad- ron. Her deck mooring devices were modified and signal spars were fastened to her smoke stacks. The 3.7 cm Vickers-type guns were replaced with 4.7 cm/L44 quick firing guns. After that she was assigned to the Squadron and cruised on Dalmatian waters. 10 /03/1906 Sailed from Pola as the flagship of Squadron for Levant under command of Rear- admiral Leopold Ritter von Jedina. 11-14/03 Teodo. 15/03 Put in Corfu. 21/03 – 11/04 Alex- andria. 12-13/04 Haifa. 14-23/04 Beirut. 25-28/04 Marmarizza. 29/04 – 1/05 Syra. 3-7/05 Suda-bay. 9-11/05 Valona. 11/05 Arrived at Cattaro and was the flagship of the Summer Squadron till 8/09. Meanwhile she carried out trainings in Dalmatia. 20/09 She was laid up in Pola. The ship has got two 7 cm/L18 guns and gun’s captain positions were mounted on the 15 guns. Her machinery was overhauled. In 1907 the battery commander’s positions got armour plates and the artillery telephone com- munication was improved. The 3.7 cm quick firing guns were replaced with 4.7 cm/L44 quick firing guns. In 1908 The radio station was transferred to the middle section of ship. From 1/11 she was the flagship of the Reserve Squadron. 14 /09/1910 She was decommissioned for a reconstruction. The target surface of the ship was reduced in the STT Shipyard – Trieste and the Arsenal – Pola, so her superstructure became smaller. New openings were made for the 7 cm quick firing guns between the barbettes. The main engines were overhauled. In November of 1911 She made several sea trial trips. 5 /12/1912 She was fitted up as flagship of the 2nd Squadron. 21 /05/1913 She was laid up. 1 /08/1914 She became flagship of the 4th Division. 1 /03/1915 Archduke Karl Franz Josef called on board. 23/05 She has participated in the bombardment of Ancona. 15 /02/1918 She was commissioned as the training ship of officers’ cadets. In 1920 She was allocated to Great Britain, who sold her to Italy for break up. In May 1922 she was moored with missing gun barrels near to the bridge to Olive-island. Was broken up later by the Italian Vaccaro & Co Steel Works.

20 SMS ÁRPÁD

Laid down : Launched : Commissioned : 10/06/1899 11/09/1901 15/06/1903

Builder: STT, Trieste – San Marco Costs: 17,592,989 K Sister ships: HABSBURG, BABENBERG Displacement: 8,364.00 t 8,887.00 t (full load) Length: 107.6 m (pp) / 113.11 m (wl), 114.57 m (oa) Beam: 19.86 m on wl 21,20 m above barbettes Draught: 7.10 m 7.45 (full load) Change of Draught: 1 cm = 16.32 t

21 Machinery: 2 four-cylinder triple-expansion vertical steam engines. 16 water tube Belville-type boilers (Made by Maudsley Sons & Fiel, London). Operating pressure: 20 atm. 2 inward revolving propellers with 3 blades, diameter: 4.88 m Bunkerage: 800 t coal Endurance: 3600 nm at 12 kts Performance: 15,600 ihp in 1903 Speed 19.65 kts in 1903 Armaments: 3 Krupp-type guns, cal: 24 cm/L40 (situated forward in one twin turret, aft in one single turret, Rpg: 80 shells, total: 240 shells) 12 guns, cal: 15 cm/L40 (situated in the side barbettes, Rpg: 180 shells, total: 2160 shells) 10 Skoda-type qf guns, cal: 7 cm/L45 (Total ammunition: 4000 shells) 12 Vickers-type qf guns, cal: 3.7 cm 4 Skoda-type machineguns, cal: 8 mm Two 45 cm torpedo tubes under water line with 6 torpedoes 20 mines L/99-type in 1905 and in 1917: The 3.7 cm Vickers-type guns were replaced by 6 Skoda-type guns, cal: 4.7 cm/L44, and 2 Skoda-type guns 4.7 cm/L33. in 1906: Installed 2 guns, cal: 7 cm/L18 in 1916: Installed 1 aa gun, cal: db 7 cm/L45 Protection: Belt: 180-220 mm Deck: 40-66 mm Conning tower: 200 mm Main turrets: 210-280 mm Casemate batteries: 135 mm Others: 1 steam launch I cl, 1 patrol steamboat II cl, 1 barge I cl, 1 longboat II cl, 1 rescue cutter I cl, 1 cutter I cl, 1 cutter II cl, 1 gigg I cl, 1 gigg II cl, 4 jollyboats, 1 small-boat. Boat race flag: “A” 4 Tyszak-type anchors: 5,180 kg, 5,210 kg, 5,065 kg, 1,279 kg 2 Admiralty-type anchors: 617 kg, 310 kg. 6-7 searchlights with diameter 60 cm, and 2 searchlights with diameter 35 cm. 91 three-phase AC and DC electric motors to operate the boats’ davits, turrets, ventilators and machine tools. 6 generators Characteristics: 2 masts, 2 narrow and high smoke stacks. The 15 cm cal guns situated in barbettes one above the other. Her silhouette was changed in 1911. Complement: In 1907: 32 + 620 As in Reserve Squadron: 16 + 352 In readiness to rig up: 7 + 160 In laid-up: 3 + 76 In 1908: 32 + 604 In 1909: 32 + 591.

22 Career :

12 /05/1898 The Emperor I Franz Joseph had confirmed her name. 10 /06/1899 The building was started. 11 /09/1901 she was launched. The Archduchess Augusta, escorted by his husband Archduke Joseph August, was the godmother. 10 /03/1903 She made a trial trip to Pola. 15/06 She was commissioned in the Squadron and steamed for Dalmatia. 19 /03/1904 Sailed from Pola and joined the Squadron. 20-21/03 Teodo. 24/03 – 5/04 Piraeus. 6/04 Put in Samos. 9-21/04 Smyrna. 23/04 – 2/05 Alexandria. 7-11/05 Patras. 12/05 Arrived at Valona. 16/05 Arrived back at Teodo, and then she steamed with the Squadron to Dalmatia. 1 /02/1905 Left Pola for Levant. 5-16/02 Piraeus. 18-19/02 Volos. 20/02 – 8/03 Saloniki. 9-17/03 Mudros-bay. 17-20/03 Mytilene. 20/03 – 6/04 Smyrna. 6-7/04 Cesme. 7-8/04 Vathi, Samos. 9-10/04 Kaloterion. 10-12/04 Santorini. 14-17/04 Argostoli, Kefalónia. 18-20/04 Durazzo. 21-22/04 Porto Lungo. 22/04 Arrived back at Pola. Between 14/06 and 15/09 she belonged to the Summer Squadron. During the year the 3.7 cm Vickers-type guns were replaced by 4.7 cm/L44 quick firing guns. Later in the year she served again in the Squadron. 10 /03/1906 Left Pola with the Squadron for Levant. 11-14/03 Teodo. 15-17/03 Corfu. 21/03 – 11/04. Alexandria. 12-14/04 Haifa. 14-23/04 Beirut. 25-28/04 Marmarizza. 29/04 Called at Syra. 29-30/04 Zea. 30/04 – 2/05 Milo. 3-6/05 Suda-bay. 7-8/05 Cabacolo. 9-10/05 Valona. 11/05 Arrived at Cattaro. 14/05 Sailed from Teodo. 15/05 Called at Neum. 16-17/05 S. Giorgo, Lissa. 17-18/05 Oriente. 18/05 Arrived back at Pola. 26-28/06 She was in Fiume on occasion of inauguration of new Governor, Count Alexander Nako. After that she belonged to the Squadron. During the year she got two 7 cm/L18 guns and gun’s captain positions were mounted on the 15 guns. Her machinery was overhauled. In 1907 the battery commander’s positions got armour plates. The 3.7 cm quick firing guns were replaced with 4.7 cm/L44 quick firing guns. In 1908 the radio station was transferred to the middle section of ship. From 1/11 sometimes she belonged to the Reserve Squadron 19 /05/1909 In the Busi (today Biševo) – channel met the Italian Padre Amoroso sailing ship, who lost her masts and towed her to Comisa. Later in the year she was in the Reserve Squad- ron. 5 /05/1911 She was decommissioned for reconstruction. The target surface of the ship was reduced in the STT Shipyard – Trieste and the Arsenal – Pola, so her superstructure became smaller. New openings were made for the 7 cm quick firing guns between the barbettes. Her boilers were repaired. After the reconstruction and repair she stayed at Pola. From August of 1913 she served as guard ship at Sebenico. 24 /05/1915 She has participated in the bombardment of Ancona. From 30/04/1917 she became the training of the Petty Officers’ School at Fasana. She was moored at a buoy in the Fasana-channel between Pola and Brioni. 17/12 she went to Trieste. 19/12 She got herself in fire of the enemy batteries off Cortellazzo. 21/12 Arrived at Pola. 9 /01/1918 she was deleted from the Fleet List. In the year of 1920 she was allocated to Great Britain. In the May of 1922 was moored with missing gun barrels near to the bridge to Olive-island. She was broken up later by the Italian Vaccaro & Co Steel Works.

23 SMS BABENBERG

Laid down : Launched : Commissioned : 19/01/1901 04/10/1902 24/05/1904

Builder: STT, Trieste – San Marco Costs: 18,848,916 K Sister ships: HABSBURG, ÁRPÁD Displacement: 8,152.00 t 8,909.00 t (full load)

24 Length: 107.6 m (pp) / 113.11 m (wl), 114.57 m (oa) Beam: 19.86 m on wl 21.20 m above barbettes Draught: 7.10 m 7.48 (full load) Change of Draught: 1 cm = 16.32 t Machinery: 2 four-cylinder triple-expansion vertical steam engines. 16 water tube Belville-type boilers (Made by Maudsley Sons & Fiel, London). Operating pressure: 20 atm. 2 inward revolving propellers with 3 blades, diameter: 4.88 m Bunkerage: 800 t coal Endurance: 3600 nm at 12 kts Performance: 16,000 ihp in 1903 Speed: 19.67 kts in 1903 Armament: 3 Krupp-type guns, cal: 24 cm/L40 (situated forward in one twin turret, aft in one single turret, Rpg: 80 shells, total: 240 shells) 12 guns, cal: 15 cm/L40 (situated in the side barbettes, Rpg: 180 shells, total: 2160 shells) 10 Skoda-type qf guns, cal: 7 cm/L45 (Total ammunition: 4000 shells) 12 Vickers-type qf guns, cal: 3.7 cm 4 Skoda-type machineguns, cal: 8 mm Two 45 cm torpedo tubes under water line with 6 torpedoes 20 mines L/99-type

in 1905 and 1917: The 3.7 cm Vickers-type guns were replaced by 6 Skoda-type guns, cal: 4.7 cm/L44, and 2 Skoda-type guns 4.7 cm/L33. in 1906: Installed 2 guns, cal: 7 cm/L18 in 1916: Installed 1 aa gun, cal: db 7 cm/L45 Protection: Belt: 180-220 mm Deck: 40-66 mm Conning tower: 200 mm Main turret: 210-280 mm Casemate batteries: 135 mm Others: 1 steam launch I cl, 1 patrol steamboat II cl, 1 barge I cl, 1 longboat II cl, 1 rescue cutter I cl, 1 cutter I cl, 1 cutter II cl, 1 gigg I cl, 1 gigg II cl, 4 jollyboats, 1 small-boat. Boat race flag: “B” or “V”. 4 Tyszak-type anchors: 5,180 kg, 5,210 kg, 5,065 kg, 1,279 kg 2 Admiralty-type anchors: 617 kg, 310 kg. 6-7 searchlights with diameter 60 cm, and 2 searchlights with diameter 35 cm. 91 three-phase AC and DC electric motors to operate the boats’ davits, turrets, ventilators and machine tools. 6 generators Characteristics: 2 masts, 2 narrow and high smoke stacks. The 15 cm cal guns situated in barbettes one above the other. Counter to her sister ships, she was not rebuilt in 1911. Complement: In 1907: 32 + 618 As in Reserve Squadron: 16 + 350 In readiness to rig up: 7 + 160

25 In laid-up: 3 + 76 In 1908: 32 + 602 In 1909: 32 + 589.

Career :

19 /01/1901 The building has started. 4 /10/1902 She was launched. Her godmother was Countess Marianne Goess, wife of Count Leopold Goess Privy Councillor and Governor of Trieste and Littoral. 1 /09/1903 She has steamed over to Pola on her first trial run. 23/09 Carried out sea trial run with full speed of her main engines. 24 /05/1904 She was fitted up and commissioned. Served in the Squadron. 1 /02/1905 Left Pola with the Squadron for Levant. 5-16/02 Piraeus. 18-19/02 Volos. 20/02 – 8/03 Saloniki. 10-16/03 Mudros-bay. 17-19/03 Mytilene. 20/03 – 6/04 Smyrna. 6-9/04 Ces- me. 9-10/04 Nauplia. 11-17/04 Kefalónia. 18-20/04 Durazzo. 21/04 Lunga Grossa. 22/04 Ar- rived back at Pola. Her 3.7 cm Vickers guns were replaced by 4.7 cm/L44 quick firing guns. Between 14/06 and 15/09 she served in the Summer Squadron. 10 /03/1906 Left Pola with the Squadron for Levant. 11-14/03 Teodo. 15-18/03 Corfu. 21/03 – 11/04 Alexandria. Here one of her boats had win the boats’ regatta of warships. They have carried out experiments with the long range radio connections. 12-14/04 Haifa. 14-24/04 Beirut. 25-28/04 Rhodes. 29/04 – 2/05 Syra. 3-7/05 Suda-bay. 9-11/05 Valona. 11-13/05 Cat- taro-bay, Teodo, and then Pola. Here her 7 cm/L18 guns were mounted; and her 15 cm/L40 guns were replaced. The gun’s captain positions on the 15 guns were mounted and her machinery was overhauled. 4 /03/1907 Sailed from Teodo and joined the Squadron. 5-8/03 Zante. 9-12/03 Syra. 13-16/03 Lemnos. 16-18/03 Mytilene. 18/03 – 2/04 Smyrna. 3-4/04 Rhodes. 6-11/04 Beirut. 12-18/04 Jaffa. 21-23/04 Volos. 24-26/04 Syra. 26-27/04 Milo. 28-30/04 Patras. 2/05 Put in Teodo. 21/12 she was laid up in Pola. In 1908 her radio station was transferred to the middle section of the ship. In 1909 she was in the Reserve Squadron. 23 /02/1910 She was fitted up for the C-in-C of Navy, otherwise she belonged to the Reserve Squadron. 28 /03/1911 She was one of the units lined up off Pola to salute German Emperor. 30 /03/1914 she was fitted up. 29/04 Sailed from Teodo and joined the Training Squadron. 29/04 – 1/05 Budua. 1-3/05 Durazzo. 5-11/05 Patras. 11-16/05 Zante. 16-20/05 Argostoli, Ke- falónia. 20-27/05 Corfu. 27-30/05 Valona. 31/05 Arrived at Teodo. 24 /05/1915 She has participated in the bombardment of Ancona. 4 /01/1918 She was deleted from Fleet List and put her under the command of Port Admiralty Office. The Command of Submarines used her. 1/03 Cleared for Cattaro. 4/04 Her longboat was allocated to action against Ancona 5/04 This longboat was found by the Italians just before the coast of Marzocca, and towed to Ancona. 17/07 During an air attack she got a bomb hit, and two of her decks were staved in. In the year of 1920 she was allocated to Great Britain. In the May of 1922 was moored with missing gun barrels near to the bridge to Olive-island. She was broken up later by the Italian Vaccaro & Co Steel Works.

26 ERZH ERZOG class Battleships (pre-dreadnoughts)

SMS ERZHERZOG KARL

27 Laid down : Launched : Commissioned : 24/07/1902 04/10/1903 17/06/1906

Builder: STT, Trieste – San Marco Costs: 26,718,201 K Sister ships: ERZHERZOG FRIEDRICH, ERZHERZOG FERDINAND MAX Displacement: 10,638.80 t (constr) 11,781.80 t (full load) Length: 118.55 m (pp) / 124.35 (wl) / 126.24 m (oa) Beam: 21.72 m on wl Draught: 7.51 m (constr) 8.147 m (full load) Change of Draught: 1 cm = 19.23 t Machinery: 2 four cylinder triple-expansion vertical steam engines. 12 coal burner Yarrow-type boilers. Operating pressure: 21 atm. Height of smoke stack from the fire-grate 21 m. Coal consumption: 11 t per hour. 2 inward revolving propellers with 3 blades, diameter: 5 m Bunker capacity: 1843.6 m3.It is suited for 1565.8 t coal, or 1290.4 t coal-brick Endurance: 4500 nm at 10 kts Performance: 17,926 ihp on 26th May 1905 Speed: 20.36 kts at 138 rpm on 26th May 1905 Armament: 4 Skoda-type guns, cal: 24 cm/L40, in two twin turrets situated on upper deck. 12 guns, cal: 19 cm/L42. (4 guns in turrets and 8 guns in casemates.) 12 guns, cal: 7 cm/L45 2 boat cannons 7cm/L18 4 Skoda-type qf guns, cal: 4.7 cm/L44, and 2 Skoda-type qf guns 4.7 cm L/33. 4 Vickers-type qf guns, cal: 3.7 cm 4 Skoda-type machineguns, cal: 8 mm Two 45 cm torpedo tubes under water line (1-1 both sides) with 6

28 torpedoes 18 mines C/99-type Rpg: 24 cm guns: 40 armour piercing and 40 incendiary shells 19 cm guns: 30 armour piercing and 80 incendiary and 10 shrapnel shells 7 cm guns: 400 incendiary shells Protection: Belt: 210 mm Deck: 75 mm Conning tower: 220 mm Main turrets: 240 mm Armoured bulkheads: 200-240 mm Casemate batteries: 130 - 170 mm Others: 3 5,950 kg Tyszak-type anchors; 1 Tyszak-type anchor 1,565 kg; 2 Admiralty-type anchors: 770 kg and 358 kg. 1 steam launch, 1 patrol steamboat, 1 barge, 1 longboat, 1 rescue cutter, 3 cutters, 1 gigg I cl, 1 gigg II cl, 4 jollyboats, 2 small boats. Boat race flag: “L” Searchlights: 4 90 cm diameter, 2 60 cm diameter, and 2 35 cm diameter for steam launch. Docking keel breadth 80 cm along the 43% of the ship’s length. Rudder surface 24 m2. Characteristics: Ram. 2 masts, 3 smoke stacks. The bridge’s front is plain, but ends in closed half circle Complement: In 1907: 37 + 714 As in Reserve Squadron: 16 + 389 In readiness to rig up: 7 + 188 In laid-up: 3 + 92.

Career:

24 /07/1902 Her first keel plates were laid down. The Skoda Works delivered the stem, while the stern post, rudders’ supporters, propeller-brackets and the armour plates were produced by the Witkowitz Works. 11 /07/1903 According to the Approving Act of 12th May 1898, the Emperor I Franz Joseph had confirmed her name 4/10 She was launched. Her godmother was Archduchess Maria escorted by her husband, Archduke Rainer. 8 /04/1905 She steamed over to Pola to be completed. 24/05 Trial run. The oversized boat cranes had caused problems, so after the trial these were taken out oh her and later were built in to SMS GÄA. 15 /06/1906 She was commissioned first time and assigned to the Summer Squadron. The ship has participated in the exercise kept in Gravosa area with the collaboration of Army units. 15/09 Participated in the Fleet parade in the Calamotta-channel. 16/09 Archduke Franz Ferdinand came on board from the MIRAMAR at Zara. She has steamed with full speed from Zara to Pola. Made one part of the voyage in bad weather. From 20/09 she was the flagship of the Squadron. From January of 1907 she was the flagship of the Squadron under command of Rear-admiral Luzian von Ziegler. 4/03 Left Teodo for a Levant cruise. 5-8/03 Corfu. 9-14/03 Piraeus. The King and Queen of Greece called on board. 15-16/03 Kios. 16-18/03 Mytilene. 18/03 – 2/04 Smyrna. 3-4/04 Marmarizza. 6-11/04 Beirut. 12-18/04 Jaffa. 21-24/04 Volos. 26-27/04 Milo. 28-30/04 Patras. 2/05 Arrived at Teodo. Following that she has cruised in Adriatic-sea.

29 From 15/06 she was the flagship of Rear-admiral Luzian von Ziegler and of the Squadron’s 1st Heavy Division. 29 /02/1908 Sailed from Teodo as flagship for a cruise in the Western- Mediterranean. 2-6/03 Malta. 9-18/03 Barcelona. King of Spain XIII Alfonzo called on board. The Commander of the ship with his officers took the royal train and went to Madrid. 20-24/03 Gibraltar. 25-28/03 Tangier. 28/03 – 3/04 Malaga. 5-13/04 Algier. 14-23/04 Bizerta. 25-29/04 Corfu. Visited at Achilleion. The King of Greece and the Emperor of Germany called on board. 30/04 Arrived at Teodo and later cruised in the Adriatic. Between 15/06 and 31/12 she was the flagship of the Squadron. From 1/01/ 1909 she was the flagship of the Squadron and Rear-admiral Anton Haus. Cruised on waters of Dalmatia. 9/05 The ship has sent a delegation to Vienna to attend the Feasts of Aspern. 11/05 The Emperor of Germany II Wilhelm and Empress Augusta Victoria returning to home from Corfu on board of imperial yacht HOHENZOLLERN escorted by the cruiser STETTIN and the destroyer SLEIPNER, arrived at Pola and called on board. The German Emperor and his wife have continued their voyage from Pola by train. 1/08 Sailed from Teodo for a cruise in Levant. 2-4/08 Zante. 6/08 Called at Milo. 7-8/08 Santorini. 9-10/08 Kios. 11-25/08 Smyrna. 28-29/08 Rhodes. 31/08 – 1/09 Mersine. 2/09 Called at Alexandretta. 25/09 Arrived back at Pola. The ship has got new rangefinders, layer instruments for her 19 cm guns, and new ventilators. From 1/01/ 1910 she was the flagship of the Squadron and Rear-admiral Anton Haus. 24/02 Archduke Franz Ferdinand called on board. 26/02 Left Pola for the Eastern-Mediterranean. 1-4/03 Antivari. The ship’s officers were received by the Sovereign of Montenegro in Cetinje. Prince Danilo called on board and on the destroyer CSIKÓS. 7-8/03 Marmarizza. 10-11/03 Mersine. 12/03 Called at Alexandretta. 13-19/03 Beirut. 21/03 – 21/04 Smyrna. 21-23/04 Mytilene. 24-26/04 Cavalla. 30/04 Arrived at Teodo. 20/05 Left the Squadron. Small modific- ations were made on her. The number of the 90 cm searchlights was raised; got new rangefinders with 2 metres base line; the outer cover of the battery command station was changed. From 16/09 she was the flagship of the Reserve Squadron. 28 /03/1911 She was one of the units lined up off Pola to salute German Emperor. From 15/06 she served as the flagship of the 2nd Heavy Division and Rear-admiral Karl Graf Lanjus von Wellenburg. Between 22 and 25/08 she has participated on the landing exercise kept on coast of Middle-Dalmatia. From 31/08 she belonged to the Reserve Squadron. The rangefinder position was changed according to the rangefinder with 2 metres base line; the outer cover of the battery command position was changed. The 24 cm turret guns of each units of her class were modernized. Between 1/01/ 1912 and 14/05 she belonged to the Reserve Squadron. From 15/05 she served as the flagship of the 2nd Division and Rear-admiral Maximilian Njegovan. From 1/01/ 1913 she served as the flagship of the 2nd Division and Rear-admiral Richard Ritter von Barry. 28/0 – 28/05 Stationed in the Cattaro-bay with the 2nd Division. 16/06 She was decommissioned for an overhaul. 1 /08/1914 Commissioned as the flagship of the 2nd Division. 22/11 Archduke Karl Franz Joseph called on board. 24 /05/1915 She has participated in the bombardment of Ancona. In the visibility restricted by the fog the pre-planned targets could not be determined, so she opened fire on the old batteries. She fired 20 shells from her 24 cm guns, and 86 shells from her 19 cm guns. 24 /02/1916 Archduke Friedrich inspected the ship. During this year she got a 7 cm anti-airship gun. In the year of 1917 she became the flagship of the 2nd Section of the 3rd Division. In 1918 she served as the flagship of the 2nd Section. 2/02 She went with the 3rd Division to Cattaro to suppress the Sailors’ Mutiny, but there was not any encounter. 11/02 Returned to

30 Pola. 19/03 The Command of the 3rd Division had left the ship and the Cruiser Flotilla was renamed to 3rd Heavy Ships Division. From 22/03 she served as flagship. 4/04 She was transferred from Pola to Cattaro-bay. 27/05 Steamed toward Otranto-strait. 1/11 She stayed in Bay of Cattaro. In 1920 she was allocated to France on condition that French must broke her up within six years. The French had towed out her from the Bay of Cattaro, but on her way for Toulon she was anchored because of the very bad weather at Sidi Abdalahh, near to Bizerta. There she was grounded on shore in half sunken condition. In 1921 she was broken up in situ.

SMS ERZHERZOG FRIEDRICH

31 Laid down : Launched : Commissioned : 04/10/1902 30/04/1905 31/07/1907

Builder: STT, Trieste – San Marco Costs: 26,622,261 K Sister ships: ERZHERZOG KARL, ERZHERZOG FERDINAND MAX Displacement: 10,638.80 t (constr) 11,747.64 t (full load) Length: 118.55 m (pp) / 124.35 (wl) / 126.24 m (oa) Beam: 21.78 m Draught: 7.51 m (constr) 8.147 m (full load) Change of Draught: 1 cm = 19.23 t Machinery: 2 four cylinder triple-expansion vertical steam engines. 12 coal burner Yarrow-type boilers. Operating pressure: 21 atm. Height of smoke stack from the fire-grate 21 m. Coal consumption: 11 t per hour. 2 inward revolving propellers with 3 blades, diameter: 5 m Bunker capacity: 1843.6 m3.It is suited for 1565.8 t coal, or 1290.4 t coal-brick Endurance: 4500 nm at 10 kts Performance: 18,331 ihp in 1906 Speed: 20.57 kts in 1906 Armament 4 Skoda-type guns, cal: 24 cm/L40, in two twin turrets situated on upper deck. 12 guns, cal: 19 cm/L42. (4 guns in turrets and 8 guns in casemates.) 12 guns, cal: 7 cm/L45

32 2 boat cannons 7cm/L18 4 Skoda-type qf guns, cal: 4.7 cm/L44, and 2 Skoda-type qf guns 4.7 cm L/33. 4 Vickers-type qf guns, cal: 3.7 cm 4 Skoda-type machineguns, cal: 8 mm Two 45 cm torpedo tubes under water line (1-1 both sides) with 6 torpedoes 18 mines C/99-type Rpg: 24 cm guns: 40 armour piercing and 40 incendiary shells 19 cm guns: 30 armour piercing and 80 incendiary and 10 shrapnel shells 7 cm guns: 400 incendiary shells Protection: Belt: 210 mm Deck: 75 mm Conning tower: 220 mm Main turrets: 240 mm Armoured bulkheads: 200-240 mm Casemate batteries: 130 - 170 mm Others: 4 Tyszak-type anchors: 6,045 kg, 6,110 kg, 6,125 kg, 1,481kg 2 Admiralty-type anchors: 770 kg and 358 kg 1 steam launch, 1 patrol steamboat, 1 barge, 1 longboat, 1 rescue cutter, 3 cutters, 1 gigg I cl, 1 gigg II cl, 4 jollyboats, 2 small boats. Boat race flag: “C” Searchlights: 4 90 cm diameter, 2 60 cm diameter, and 2 35 cm diameter for steam launch. Docking keel breadth 80 cm along the 43% of the ship’s length. Rudder surface 24 m2. Characteristics: Ram. 2 masts, 3 smoke stacks Complement: In 1907: 37 + 714 As in Reserve Squadron: 16 + 389 In readiness to rig up: 7 + 188 In laid-up: 3 + 92.

Career :

04 /10/1902 Her building was started. 04 /30/1904 She was launched, but unlike her sister ships, without screws. Her godmother was Archduchess Isabella in company of her husband, Archduke Friedrich. 5 /12/1905 she went from Trieste to Pola. 26/01/ 1906 Her building was completed. The oversized boat cranes (same as the cranes of SMS SANKT GEORG) already built in, were removed. She had got as an experiment a boat crane taken out from hulk Vulkan (ex- PRINZ EUGEN). 30 /01/1907 She was commissioned first time and assigned to the Squadron. She carried out exercises off Istrian and Dalmatian coasts. 4/03 Sailed from Teodo for a cruise in Eastern- Mediterranean. 5-8/03 Kefalónia. 9-11/03 Paros. 12-15/03 Samos. 16-18/03 Mytilene. 18/03 – 2/04 Smyrna. 6-11/04 Beirut. 12-18/04 Jaffa. 22/04 Called at Sigri. 22-24/04 Cavalla. 25-27/04 Milo. 28/04 – 1/05 Patras. 2/05 Arrived back at Teodo. After that she has cruised in the Adriatic.

33 From 1/01/ 1908 she belonged to the Squadron. 29/02 Left Teodo for a cruise in Western- Mediterranean. 2-6/03 Malta. 9-18/03 Barcelona. 20-24/03 Gibraltar. 25-28/03 Tangier. 5-13/04 Algier. 14-23/04 Bizerta. 25-29/04 Corfu. 30/04 Arrived back at Teodo and cruised on the Adriatic. 10/12 Gave assistance to the rescue of SMS HUSZÁR run aground on Al- banese Reef in the Bay of Traste. In the increasing storm she had lost one of her anchors. Her stern balcony and several lighting installations on her quarterdeck were broken. The ship went to shelter in Bay of Cattaro. In 1909 she served in the Squadron and cruised off Dalmatian coats. 1/08 Sailed from Teodo. 2-5/08 Kefalónia. 6-8/08 Nauplia. 8-11/08 Phalera. 12-25/08 Smyrna. 26-27/08 Samos. 28-29/08 Rhodes. 31/08 Called at Mersine. 1/09 Alexandretta. 2-11/09 Beirut. 12-20/09 Alex- andretta. 25/09 Arrived at Pola. 30/12 On the occasion of feast given in honour of Committee of Imperial Chinese led by Prince Csajsun, the outlines of the ship were lighted. During the day the Prince has made an excursion on board between Trieste – Pola and Fiume. After that she served in the Squadron. During one of her bunkering, her crew loaded 820 tonnes of coal in time of 1 hour and 45 minutes, so 468 tonnes per hour. This was her outmost performance. 26 /02/1910 Left Pola. 1-4/03 Antivari. 7-8/03 Marmarizza 10-11/03 Mersine. 12/03 Alexan- dretta. 13-19/03 Beirut. 21/03 – 21/04 Smyrna. 21-23/04 Mytilene. 24-26/04 Cavalla. 30/04 Arrived at Teodo. She got new rangefinders with 2 metres base line; the outer cover of the battery command station was changed. From 10/01/ 1911 she belonged to the Squadron. 28/03 She was one of the units lined up off Pola to salute German Emperor. The number of her 90 cm searchlights was raised. 4 /08/1913 she had rescued the crew of the Italian schooner L’Independente, which foundered off Pola. 28 /04/1914 Sailed with the 2nd Division for Bay of Cattaro. 29/04 Arrived at Teodo. From 1/08 she was assigned to the 3rd Division. 24 /05/1915 She has participated in the bombardment of Ancona. 2 /02/1918 Sailed with the 3rd Division from Pola for Cattaro to suppress the Sailors’ Mutiny. 11/02 Returned to Pola. 19/03 She was assigned to the Torpedo Flotilla. 9/05 Sailed from Pola. 13/05 Arrived at Cattaro-bay. 27/05 She was in a smaller artillery duel just off Ostro. 13/06 One man has died and one was wounded in an air-attack. 1/11 She was in Bay of Cat- taro. In 1920 was allocated to France, but the French sold her to Italy to break up. In 1921 she was broken up by the Italians at La Spezia.

34 SMS ERZHERZOG FERDINAND MAX

Laid down : Launched : Commissioned : 09/03/1902 21/05/1905 31/12/1907

Builder: STT, Trieste – San Marco Costs: 26,394,768 K Sisters ships: ERZHERZOG FRIEDRICH, ERZHERZOG KARL Displacement: 10,638.80 t (constr) 11,781.80 t (full load)

35 Length: 118.55 m (pp) / 124.35 (wl) / 126.24 m (oa) Beam: 21.75 m on wl Draught: 7.51 m (constr) 8,15 m (full load) Change of Draught: 1 cm = 19.23 t Machinery: 2 four cylinder triple-expansion vertical steam engines. 12 coal burner Yarrow-type boilers. Operating pressure: 21 atm. Height of smoke stack from the fire-grate 21 m. Coal consumption: 11 t per hour. 2 inward revolving propellers with 3 blades, diameter: 5 m Bunker capacity: 1843.6 m3.It is suited for 1565.8 t coal, or 1290.4 t coal-brick Endurance: 4500 nm at 10 kts Performance: 18,590 ihp in 1907 Speed: 20.76 kts in 1907 Armament: 4 Skoda-type guns, cal: 24 cm/L40, in two twin turrets situated on upper deck. 12 guns, cal: 19 cm/L42. (4 guns in turrets and 8 guns in casemates.) 12 guns, cal: 7 cm/L45 2 boat cannons 7cm/L18 4 Skoda-type qf guns, cal: 4.7 cm/L44, and 2 Skoda-type qf guns 4.7 cm L/33. 4 Vickers-type qf guns, cal: 3.7 cm 4 Skoda-type machineguns, cal: 8 mm Two 45 cm torpedo tubes under water line (1-1 both sides) with 6 torpedoes 18 mines C/99-type Rpg: 24 cm guns: 40 armour piercing and 40 incendiary shells 19 cm guns: 30 armour piercing and 80 incendiary and 10 shrapnel shells 7 cm guns: 400 incendiary shells Protection: Belt: 210 mm Deck: 75 mm Conning tower: 220 mm Main turrets: 240 mm Armoured bulkheads: 200-240 mm Casemate batteries: 130 - 170 mm Others: 3 5,950 kg Tyszak-type anchors; 1 Tyszak-type anchor 1,565 kg; 2 Admiralty-type anchors: 770 kg and 358 kg. 1 steam launch, 1 patrol steamboat, 1 barge, 1 longboat, 1 rescue cutter, 3 cutters, 1 gigg I cl, 1 gigg II cl, 4 jollyboats, 2 small boats. Boat race flag: “X” Searchlights: 4 90 cm diameter, 2 60 cm diameter, and 2 35 cm diameter for steam launch. Docking keel breadth 80 cm along the 43% of the ship’s length. Rudder surface 24 m2. Characteristics: Ram. 2 masts, 3 smoke stacks. Complement: In 1907: 37 + 714 As in Reserve Squadron: 16 + 389 In readiness to rig up: 7 + 188 In laid-up: 3 + 92.

36 Career :

9 /03/1904 Her building was started 20 /02/1905 The Emperor I Franz Joseph had confirmed her name. 21/05 she was launched. Her godmother was Archduchess Maria Josefa. The whole Squadron was present at the event. 31 /12/1907 She was fitted up in Pola. 1 /01/1908 She was assigned to the Squadron. 29/02 Sailed from Teodo for a cruise in West- ern-Mediterranean. 2-6/03 Malta. 9-13/03 Barcelona. 20-24/03 Gibraltar. 25-28/03 Tangier. 28/03 – 3/04 Malaga. 5-13/04 Algier. 17-23/04 Bizerta. 25-27/04 Corfu. 28/04 Arrived at Teodo. Later on she carried out experiments with auxiliary oil burning. In 1909 she belonged to the Squadron and steamed to Dalmatia. 1/08 Sailed from Teodo for a cruise in Eastern-Mediterranean. 2-5/08 Patras. 7-9/08 Volos. 10-14/08 Dedeagach. 16-25/08 Smyrna. 26-27/08 Samos. 28-29/08 Rhodes. 31/08 Mersine. 1/09 Alexandretta. 2-11/09 Beirut. 12-20/09 Alexandria. There was a feast on board for 650 guests. 25/09 Arrived at Pola. In 1910 she served in the Squadron. 21/01 Her crew has loaded 1050 tonnes of coal in time of 2 hours and 30 minutes, so 420 tonnes per hour. This was the best bunkering performance for a long time. 26/02 Sailed with the Squadron from Pola for a cruise in Eastern-Mediterranean. 1-4/03 Antivari. 7-8/03 Marmarizza. 10-11/03 Mersine. 12/03 Alexandretta. 13-19/03 Beirut. 21-24/03 Smyrna. 22/04 Mytilene. 23-27/04 Saloniki. 30/04 Arrived at Teodo. Later she steamed to Pola, where she had got new rangefinders with 2 metres base line; the outer cover of the battery command station was changed. From 1/01/1911 she belonged to the Squadron. 28/02 Sailed with the Squadron from Teodo for a cruise in Eastern-Mediterranean. 3-6/03 Argostoli, Kefalónia. 8-16/03 Volos. 16-23/03 Saloniki. 28-31/03 Cavalla. 1-20/04 Smyrna. 22-24/04 Zante. 24-26/04 Corfu. 29/04 Arrived at Teodo. Later in the year number of her 90 cm searchlights was raised. In 1912 she served in the Squadron In 1913 she belonged to the Squadron. Between 28/04 and 28/05 stationed with the 2nd Divi- sion in Cattaro-bay. From 10/06 she belonged to the Reserve Squadron. 25 /03/1914 She was decommissioned. 1/08 She was commissioned again and assigned to the 3rd Division. 4/08 She left Zelenika for Sabbioncello. 5/08 Put in Pola and was moored at the buoy No. 35. 7/08 Sailed with the 1st and 2nd Divisions from Pola to meet GOEBEN and BRE- SLAU. She has steamed with 15 knots to lighthouse of Mulo Reef and she returned from there as the action was deleted. During next days she carried ou tactical exercises and target- practices in the Fasana-channel. 20/12 Her motorboats gave assistance to sink the French submarine CURIE. They have picked up the commander of the submarine and three men. She made 12 training trips from August till the end of the year. 15 /03/1915 She carried out a target-practice off Fasana. 24/05 She has participated in the bombardment of Ancona. 27/05 Pursued enemy submarines with her boats. Mounted up the anti-torpedo nets. 29/05 The anti-torpedo nets were taken in. 30/05 She opened fire on an airship above of Pola. She made four actions against the enemy submarines till the end of the year. 7/06 ands 5/08 she opened fire on airships. 17 /03/1916 She has got a 7 cm/L50 anti-aircraft gun on top of forward turret. 1-19/04 Armour gratings were mounted over the engine room openings and the machinery and generator spaces to protect them against the aircraft’s bombs. After that she carried out a target-practice. 22/07 She got a second 7 cm anti-aircraft gun. 25/09 She got a rangefinder with 5 metres base line. She carried out seven target-practices and two anti-aircraft target-practices during the year. Between 9 and 20/02/1917 she was in dock. 25/07 her anti-torpedo nets were dismounted. During the year she had repelled 17 air attacks, meantime made smaller trips off Pola.

37 2 /02/1918 Sailed with the 3rd Division from Pola for Cattaro to suppress the Sailors’ Mutiny. 11/03 Arrived back at Pola. 19/03 She was assigned with the 3rd Division, as Heavy Division, to the Torpedo Flotilla. 9/05 Sailed from Pola. 13/05 Arrived at Cattaro-bay. 27/05 She steamed into the Otranto-strait, then got an air attack. 1/06 She opened fire on an airship. 1/11 she was in Bay of Cattaro. In 1920 was allocated to Great Britain. The British have sold her to break up to the Italians. In 1921 she was broken up at Genoa.

RADETZY class Battleships (pre-dreadnoughts)

SMS RADETZKY

38 Laid down : Launched Commissioned 26/11/1907 03/07/1909 15/01/1911

Builder: STT, Trieste – San Marco Coasts: 38,000,000 K Sister ships: ERZHERZOG FRANZ FERDINAND, ZRÍNYI Displacement: 14,508.00 t (constr) 15,854.50 t (full load) Length: 131.11 m (pp) / 137.45 m (wl) / 138.79 m (oa) Beam: 24.58 m Draught: 8.08 m (constr) 8.10 m (full load) Change of Draught: 1 cm = 23.7 t Machinery: 2 four cylinder triple-expansion vertical steam engines. 12 water tube Yarrow-type boilers with oil injection 2 inward revolving propellers with 3 blades, diameter: 5.25 m Bunkerage: 1,298 – 1,854 t coal, 188 t fuel oil Endurance: 6,000 an at 10 kts Performance: 19,437 ihp Speed: 20.16 kts Armament: 4 Skoda-type guns, cal: 30.5 cm/L45 (situated in 2 twin turrets) (Rpg: 150 armour piercing and 150 incendiary shells) 8 Skoda-type guns, cal: 24 cm/L45 (situated 4 twin turrets) (Rpg: 160 armour piercing and 640 incendiary shells) 20 Skoda-type qf guns, cal: 10 cm/L50 in casemates with total 6000 explosion shells 6 Skoda-type qf guns, cal: 7 cm /L45 2 Skoda-type boat cannons, cal: 7 cm/L18 1 Skoda-type qf gun for steam launch, cal: 4,7 cm 1 Skoda-type qf gun, cal: 4,7 cm Three 45 cm torpedo tubes under water line (1-1 both sides and 1 in stern) with 10 torpedoes 20 mines C/08-type Protection: Belt: 100-230 mm Deck: 36-48 mm Armoured bulkheads: 150 mm Conning tower: 250/120/60/40 mm Main turrets: 250/200/150/60 mm Turrets of secondary artillery: 200/150/125/50 mm Casemate batteries: 120 mm Fire control tower: 40/30/10mm Others: 2 steam launches, 2 barge I cl, 1 rescue cutter I cl, 3 cutters I cl, 1 gigg I cl, 1 gigg III cl, 4 jollyboat, 2 small boats. Boat race flag: „R” 3 6,500 kg Tyszak-type anchors; 1 Tyszak-type storm-anchor 2,570 kg. Radio station. Characteristics: 2 masts, 2 smoke stacks. The 24 cm secondary artillery placed in twin turrets. The starboard boat davit fixed toward stern, while the port side boat davit fixed toward stem. Complement: As commissioned in 1911: 29 + 845

39 As in Reserve Squadron: 16 + 479 In readiness to rig up: 7 + 238 In laid-up: 3 + 116 In 1910: 29 + 847 In 1913: 30 + 860.

Career :

26/11/1907 Her keel was laid down. 30 /03/1908 The Emperor I Franz Joseph had confirmed her name. 3 /07/1909 She was launched. Her godmother was Princess Sophie Hohenberg escorted by her husband, Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The whole Squadron was in the Bay of Trieste at the event. In December 1910 she has carried out sea trial runs. 15 /01/1911 The Navy took over and commissioned to the Squadron. 28/02 Left Teodo. 3-6/03 Argostoli. 8-16/03 Volos. 16-27/03 Saloniki. 28-31/03 Cavalla. 1-19/04 Smyrna. 22-24/04 Zante. 24-26/04 Corfu. 26/04 –5/06 Teodo, then went to Pola. 5/06 Sailed at 10.00 hours from Pola under command of Captain Paul Fiedler for England to participate on Coronation Feast of King George V. 9-12/06 Algier. 19-28/06 Portsmouth, Spithead. The ship’s Captain went to London to participate on Coronation Feast. Archduke Karl Franz Joseph attended the event in the person of Emperor I Franz Joseph. 24/06 There was a Fleet Review at Spithead. The representatives of Austrian colony called on board. The royal yacht VICTORIA AND AL- BERT was saluted by 21 gunshots and five cheers. After the Review there was a party on board royal yacht and the King George V has chatted with the Captain of SMS RADETZKY in German language. Archduke Karl also was present on the party. At 19.15 hours the great flag dressing was hauled down. Between 20.45 – 23.00 hours the floodlights were switched on. There were lights even along the waterline, and above the bridge the ship’s name was formed with the electric bulbs. 28/06 Following the British Fleet, the RADETZKY also sailed from Spithead at 14.30 hours. The weather was rather bad during the all ceremony. The ship seemed bigger because of the unusual olive-green paintworks. 29/06 She called at 08.00 Ply- mouth, then at 20.00 arrived at Devonport. The British seamen have admired her steering ability. 2/07 She left Devonport. 12/07 Arrived at Pola. 7/11 Her crew has provided the best bunkering performance. They have loaded 480 tonnes of coal in one hour. She has got giro compass. 26 /03/1912 Sailed from Pola and joined the Squadron and called at Fasana. 29/03 – 1/04 Pat- ras. 1-8/04 Corinth. 8-10/04 Porto Itea. 10-14/04 Patras. 15-16/04 Navarin. 17-22/04 Zante. 22-23/04 Argostoli. 28/04 Arrived at Teodo, then cruised in the Adriatic. 4/11 Sailed from Pola because of the Balkan War. 8-24/11 Smyrna, Saloniki. 28/11 Put in Fasana. During one of her trips the coal bags piled up near to after boiler have started to incandesce. This caused overheating and the heat has extended to the ammunition room. They could find only with great difficulty the centre of fire in the heavy smoke, so the have decided to flood the ammunition room. 19 /03/1913 Sailed from Pola. 21/03 Put in Meljine, and then participated in the international blockade of Montenegro. 2/04 Sailed from Cattaro-bay for blockade duty off mouth of Bojana River. She was stationed off Antivari 2/04; between 3 and 7/04; 8/04; between 16/04 and 13/05. Between 13/05 and 15/06 was stationed off mouth of Bojana River. 15-17/06 Cattaro. 17-21/06 Gravosa. 21/06 – 5/07 Durazzo. 5-17/07 Gravosa. 18-25/07 Mouth of Bojana River. Here she gave assistance to the steamer Skodra run aground in mouth of the River. 25-27/07 San Giovanni di Medua. 27/07 – 10/08 Mouth of Bojana River. 11/08 Put in Cattaro.

40 From 20/01/ 1914 she belonged to the Reserve Squadron. 22/07 She was in Bay of Cattaro, otherwise in Pola. 2/10 Sailed for Bay of Cattaro to shell the enemy batteries on the Mount Lovčen. There she had silenced the enemy batteries. 16/12 Sailed back for Pola. Here embarked Rudolf Klaudus (who later became Rodolfo Claudus Italian seaman painter) as a don- key-man’s mate. 1 /03/1915 Archduke Karl Joseph inspected the ship. 24/05 She was in action off the mouth of Potenza River. 24/02/ 1916 Archduke Friedrich inspected the ship. In 1918 stationed at Pola. At night between 31/10 and 1/11 the ship was darkened according the regulations. 10/11 The Yugoslavians had to tow her from Pola, because the undereducated engine room crew could not steam her main engines without the engineer officers. She was towed to Bay of Seven Castles situated near Spalato. 14/11 She came under American guard. 26/11 The American submarine chasers SC 124 and SC 125 have transported her crew to Fi- ume. 31 /05/1920 She was allocated to Italy on condition that she must be broken up within five years. 7/11 The US Navy delivered her to the Italians off Spalato at the outer limit of the 3 miles zone. 11/11 The Italians has towed her to Pola. In 1921-22 she was broken up by the Italians in Pola at Olive Island.

SMS ERZHERZOG FRANZ FERDINAND

41 Laid down : Launched : Commissioned 12/09/1907 30/09/1908 15/06/1910

Builder: STT, Trieste – San Marco Costs: 42 219 853 K Sister ships: RADETZKY, ZRÍNYI Displacement: 14,508.00 t (constr) 15,854.50 t (full load) Length: 131.11 m (pp) / 137.45 m (wl) / 138.80 m (oa) Beam: 24.58 m Draught: 8.08 m (constr) 8.14 m (full load) Change of Draught: 1 cm = 23.7 t Machinery: 2 four cylinder triple-expansion vertical steam engines. 12 water tube Yarrow-type boilers with oil injection 2 inward revolving propellers with 3 blades, diameter: 5.25 m Bunkerage: 1,298 – 1,854 t coal, 188 t fuel oil Endurance: 6,000 nm at 10 kts Performance: 20,600 ihp Speed: 20.56 kts Armament: 4 Skoda-type guns, cal: 30.5 cm/L45 (situated in 2 twin turrets) (Rpg: 150 armour piercing and 150 incendiary shells) 8 Skoda-type guns, cal: 24 cm/L45 (situated 4 twin turrets) (Rpg: 160 armour piercing and 640 incendiary shells) 20 Skoda-type qf guns, cal: 10 cm/L50 in casemates with total 6000 explosion shells 6 Skoda-type qf guns, cal: 7 cm /L45 2 Skoda-type boat cannons, cal: 7 cm/L18 2 Skoda-type machineguns, cal: 8 mm Three 45 cm torpedo tubes under water line (1-1 both sides and 1 in stern) with 10 torpedoes 20 mines Protection: Belt: 100-230 mm

42 Deck: 36-48 mm Armoured bulkheads: 150 mm Conning tower: 250/120/60/40 mm Main turrets: 250/200/150/60 mm Turrets of secondary artillery: 200/150/125/50 mm Casemate batteries: 120 mm Fire control tower: 40/30/10mm Others: 1 steam launch I cl, 1 patrol motorboat I cl, 2 barge II cl, 1 rescue cutter I cl, 3 cutters I cl, 2 gigg I cl, 1 gigg II cl, 4 jollyboat, 2 small boats. Boat race flag: „F” 3 6,500 kg Tyszak-type anchors; 1 Tyszak-type storm-anchor 2,570 kg; 2 Admiralty-type kedge-anchors: 1,218 kg, 602 kg. Characteristics: 2 masts, 2 smoke stacks. The 24 cm secondary artillery placed in twin turrets. The starboard boat davit fixed toward stern, while the port side boat davit fixed toward stem. Complement: As commissioned in 1910: 30 + 846 As in Reserve Squadron: 16 + 479 In readiness to rig up: 7 + 238 In laid-up: 3 + 116

The complement of SMS ERZHERZOG FRANZ FERDINAND:

1 Captain as ship’s commander 1 Torpedo Gunner 1 Lt-Commander as First Lieutenant 1 Torpedo Gunner’s Mate (Instructor) 7 Lieutenants 1 Torpedo Gunner Quartermaster (Instructor) 5 Sub-Lieutenants 1 Torpedo Gunner Leading Sailor (Instructor) 6 Ensigns 4 Torpedo Gunner First Sailors (I class) 1 Surgeon Captain 4 Torpedo Gunner First Sailors (II class) 1 Surgeon Commander 2 Torpedo Gunner Sailors (I class) 1 Chief engineer 3 Torpedo Gunner Sailors (II class) 3 First Engineers (I class) 1 Torpedo Gunner Sailor (III class) 1 First Engineer (II class) 1 Purser (I class) 1 Miner’s Mate 1 Purser (II class) 1 Miner Quartermaster (Instructor) 1 Purser’s Mate 4 Miner First Sailors (I class) 4 Miner First Sailors (II class) 1 Boatswain 2 Miner Sailors (I class) 1 First Boatswain’s Mate 2 Miner Sailors (II class) 4 Second Boatswain’s Mates 2 Miner Sailors (III class) 4 Quartermasters 4 Leading Seamen 1 Chief Steersman 45 Sailors (I class) 1 Steersman 102 Sailors (II class) 2 Steersman Quartermasters 127 Sailors (III class) 2 Steersman Leading Sailors 11 Sailors (IV class) 10 Steersman Sailors 12 Steersman Apprentices (III class) 1 Chief Gunner 3 Gunners

43 6 Gunner’s Mates 1 Chief Telegraphist 4 Gunner’s Mates (Instructors) 2 Telegraphist Quartermasters 6 Gunnery Quartermasters (Instructors) 2 Telegraphist Leading Sailors 12 Gunnery Leading Seamen (Instructors) 40 Gunnery Sailors (I class Layer) 1 Armourer 53 Gunnery Sailors (II class Layer) 1 Armourer’s Mate 38 Gunnery Sailors (I class qf gun Layer) 1 Armourer Quartermaster 76 Gunnery Sailors (II class qf gun Layer) 3 Armourer Leading Sailors

1 Bugler Sailor (I class) 1 Sail-maker (I class) 1 Bugler Sailor (II class) 2 Bugler Sailors (III class) 1 Painter Sailor (I class) 1 Painter Sailor (II class) 1 Chief Gunnery Artificer 1 Gunnery Artificer (I class) 1 Purser’s Mate 2 Gunnery Artificers (II class) 1 Victualling Sailor 1 Cook 1 Torpedo Artificer (I class) 1 Sailor Cook 2 Torpedo Artificers (II class) 6 Bakers 4 Galley Assistants 1 Diver Artificer (I class) 1 Diver Artificer (II class) 1 Medical Orderly 1 Medical Sailor (I class) 1 Chief Engine Room Artificer (III class) 2 Engine Room Artificers (I class) 4 Shoemakers 1 engine Room Artificer (III class) 4 Tailors 3 Hairdressers 1 Chief Electrician (III class) 1 Electrician (I class) 2 Master-at Arms 2 Electricians (II class) 2 Writer 1 Chief Maintenance Artificer (I class) 1 Maintenance Artificer (I class) 179 men are missing from the list, mainly from the engine room.

Career :

12 /09/1907 Her keel was laid down. 31 /03/1908 The Emperor I Franz Joseph had confirmed her name. 30/09 She was launched. Her godmother was Archduchess Maria Annunziata escorted by Archduke Ferdinand Karl. She was towed to Pola for docking. 21/10 She was towed back to Trieste. 23/10 She had broken free from her anchors in a strong bora and run aground at Punta Ronco. The SMS KAISER KARL VI cast her free and towed to Pola. 80 steel plates of her hull had to replace. In 1910 she was completed. 15/06 She was commissioned first time to the summer Squadron. She became the flagship of Rear-admiral Anton Haus. She steamed to Dalmatia. From 1/01/1911 she was the flagship of the Heavy Division and Rear-admiral Alois von Kunsti. 28/02 Sailed from Teodo for a cruise in Eastern-Mediterranean. 3-6/03 Argostoli, Ke- falónia. 8-16/03 Volos. 16-27/03 Saloniki. 28-31/03 Cavalla. 1-19/04 Szmirna. 22-24/04 Zante. 24-26/04 Corfu. The German Emperor II Wilhelm received the sip’s Captain and the officers at Achilleion. 25/04 The German Emperor called on board. 29/04 Arrived at Teodo.

44 From 15/06 she was the flagship of Rear-admiral Anton Haus’ reinforced Squadron. Between 22 and 25/08 Archduke Franz Ferdinand stayed on board. He has controlled the manoeuvre kept near to Zara. This was a landing exercise, what was carried out by the Squadron the units of the Army and four chartered steamers. In 1912 she was the flagship of the Squadron. 16/03 She carried out a target-practice in presence of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand. 21/03 She had participated in a tactical exercise, what was executed also in presence of the Heir of Throne. 26/03 Left Pola for a cruise in the East- ern-Mediterranean and called at Fasana. 29/03 – 1/04 Patras. 1-8/04 Corinth. 8-10/04 Porto Itea. 10-14/04 Patras. 15-16/04 Navarin. 17-22/04 Zante. 2-28/04 Argostoli, Kefalónia. 28/04 Arrived at Teodo. 4/11 Sailed from Pola because of the Balkan War. 8-24/11 Smyrna. 28/11 Arrived back at Pola. From 05/12 she was the flagship of 1st Battle Squadron and Rear-admiral Maximilian Njegovan. 19 /03/1913 Sailed with the Squadron from Pola. 21/03 Put in Meljine. She had participated in the international blockade of Montenegro. 2/04 She has sailed. 16-22/04 S. Giovanni di Me- dua. 23/04 Called at Teodo for a short time, and then left. 23/04 – 12/05 San Giovanni di Me- dua. 12-16/05 The mouth of Bojana River. 15/06 Arrived at Pola. From 16/06 she was the flagship of the Reserve Squadron. Laying (sighting) instruments were mounted on her 30.5 cm and 24 cm guns. In 1914 she was the flagship of the Reserve Squadron. 22/07 She stationed at Cattaro, otherwise in Pola. 1/03/ 1915 Archduke Karl Franz Joseph called on board. 24/05 She has participated in the bombardment of Ancona. At night between 31/10 and 1/11/1918 the ship was darkened according to the rules. 24 /03/1919 The Italians have brought her without flag to Venice and was anchored off Giu- decca. In 1920 was allocated to Italy to break up. In 1921-22 she was broken up in Ancona.

SMS ZRÍNYI

45 Laid down : Launched Commissioned : 20/01/1909 12/04/1901 15/09/1911

46 Builder: STT, Trieste – San Marco Costs: 38,000,000 K Sister ships: ERZHERZOG FRANZ FERDINAND, RADETZKY Displacement: 14,492.00 t (constr), 14,508 t (standard) 15,651.00 t (full load) Length: 131.11 m (pp) / 137,45 m (wl) / 138.79 m (oa) Beam: 24.57 m Draught: 8.08 m (constr) 8.59 m (full load) Change of Draught: 1 cm = 23.7 t Machinery: 2 four cylinder triple-expansion vertical steam engines. 12 water tube Yarrow-type boilers with oil injection 2 inward revolving propellers with 3 blades, diameter: 5.25 m Bunkerage: 1,298 – 1,854 t coal, 188 t fuel oil Endurance: 6,000 nm at 10 kts Performance: 20,000 ihp Speed: 20.50 kts at 132.29 rpm Armament: 4 Skoda-type guns, cal: 30.5 cm/L45 (situated in 2 twin turrets) (Rpg: 150 armour piercing and 150 incendiary shells) 8 Skoda-type guns, cal: 24 cm/L45 (situated 4 twin turrets) (Rpg: 160 armour piercing and 640 incendiary shells) 20 Skoda-type qf guns, cal: 10 cm/L50 in casemates with total 6000 explosion shells 6 Skoda-type qf guns, cal: 7 cm /L45 2 Skoda-type boat cannons, cal: 7 cm/L18 1 Skoda-type qf gun for steam launch, cal: 4,7 cm/L44 1 Skoda-type qf gun, cal: 4,7 cm/L33 Three 45 cm torpedo tubes under water line (1-1 both sides and 1 in stern) with 10 torpedoes 20 mines C/08-type Protection: Belt: 100-230 mm Deck: 36-48 mm Armoured bulkheads: 150 mm Conning tower: 250/120/60/40 mm Main turrets: 250/200/150/60 mm Turrets of secondary artillery: 200/150/125/50 mm Casemate batteries: 120 mm Fire control tower: 40/30/10mm Others: 2 steam launches, 2 motorboats, 2 barges I cl, 1 rescue cutter I cl, 3 cutters I cl, 1 gigg I cl, 1 gigg III cl, 4 jollyboats, 2 small boats. Boat race flag: „Z” 3 Tyszak-type anchors: 6,575 kg, 7,100 kg, 6675 kg; 2 Admiralty- type anchors: 1,218 kg, 602 kg. The mast-head of fore- and main masts’ height from the waterline was 45,3 m. Radio station. She was the first AH warship which got X-ray apparatus in 1911. Characteristics: 2 masts, 2 smoke stacks. The 24 cm secondary artillery placed in twin turrets. The both boat davit fixed toward stem. Complement: As commissioned in 1911: 29 + 845 As in Reserve Squadron: 16 + 479

47 In readiness to rig up: 7 + 238 In laid-up: 3 + 116 Landing Party: 10 + 173.

Career :

31/03/1908 The Emperor I Franz Joseph had confirmed her name. 2 /04/1910 She was launched. Her godmother, Archdukes Maria Valeria was the daughter of the Emperor. As the Heavy Division was in a cruise at abroad, only the Reserve Squadron and the Torpedo Flotilla attended to the event. In July 1911 she carried out sea trial runs and was completed. 15/09 She was fitted up and commissioned to the Squadron. The giro compass was built in. In 1912 she belonged to the Squadron. 26/03 Sailed from Pola for Greece and called at Fas- ana. 29/03 – 1/04 Patras. 1-8/04 Corinth. 8-10/04 Port Itea. 10-14/04 Patras. 15-16/04 Navar- in. 17-22/04 Zante. 22-28/04 Argostoli. 28/04 Arrived at Teodo. 4/11 Sailed from Pola and joined the Squadron. 8-9/11 Cavalla. 9/11 Off Tassos. 10-16/11 Cavalla. 17-24/11 Saloniki. 28/11 – 2/12 Fasana. 2/12 Arrived at Pola. 19 /03/1913 Sailed from Pola to the blockade of the mouth of Bojana River. Between 21/03 and 2/04 she was at Teodo, and then stationed off Antivari. 23/04 Put in Cattaro. Between 12/05 and 3/06 she patrolled off mouth of Bojana River. 5/06 Arrived at Pola. 20/06 Sailed from Pola. 22-29/06 Mouth of Bojana River. 29-30/06 Meljine. 30/06 – 23/07 Cattaro. 25/07 – 3/08 Mouth of Bojana River. 4/08 Put in Teodo, and then cruised with the Squadron in the Adriatic. In 1914 she served in the Squadron and belonged to the 2nd Division. 5/03 She was at Trieste. 30/03 Sailed from Pola and called at Kumbor. 4-16/04 Smyrna. 17-19/04 Adalia. 19-22/04 Alanya. 23-24/04 Taschudschu (?).25/04 – 4/05 Beirut. 6-18/05 Alexandria. 22-28/05 Malta. 30/05 – 1/06 Valona. 1-6/06 Durazzo. 7/06 Arrived at Pola. 22/07 She carried an aircraft to Cattaro-bay. 24 /05/1915 Shelled Senigallia. The Italian airship CITTÀ DI FERRARA has dropped three bombs on her during the action, but with good manoeuvres she could avoid them. In 1918 stationed at Pola. At night between 31/10 and 1/11 the ship was darkened according to the regulations. 11/11 The Yugoslavians took her from Pola to the Bay of seven Castles. 13/11 The HMS LOWESTOFT passing the bay at 10.30 had seen that she is flying the three coloured Yugoslavian flag. 14/11 The US Navy interned her in the Bay of Seven Castles. 22/11 at 13.00 the US Navy commissioned her, but Marijan Polic who was the Yugoslavian commander till that time, demonstratively stayed away from the ceremony. The formerly Austro-Hungarian complement was 9 officers and 100 men, while the American’s consisted of 4 officers and 150 men. The ship was in good condition and had enough quantity of the ba- sic food, but its quality was the worst. The expandable stores, as the paints and spare parts were meagre. 26/11 The American submarine-chasers SC 124 and SC 125 transported her crew to Fiume. 31 /05/1920 The ship was finally allocated to Italy. 7/11 The US Navy delivered her to the Italians off Spalato at the outer limit of the 3 miles zone and the Italians has towed her to Pola. In 1921-22 she was broken up.

48 TEGETTHOFF class Battleships (dreadnoughts)

SMS VIRIBUS UNITIS

49 Laid down : Launched : Commissioned 24/07/1910 24/06/1911 16/10/1912

Builder: STT, Trieste - San Marco Costs: 60,600,000 K Sister ships: TEGETTHOFF, PRINZ EUGEN, the SZENT ISTVÁN (similar) Displacement: 20,013.55 t (constr) 19,501.00 t (in running order but in empty state) 21,595.00 t (full load) Length: 143.00 m (pp) / 151.00 m (wl) / 152.18 m (oa) Beam: 27.34 m Draught: 8.23 m (constr) 8.86 m (max) Change of Draught: 1 cm = 29.38 t

50 Freeboard: 6.04 m Machinery: 4 Parsons-type turbines (2 HP; 2 LP) 12 coal burner Yarrow-type boilers with oil injection, operating pressure: 18.5 atm. 4 outward revolving propellers with 3 blades, diameter: 2.75 m Bunkerage: 1,871 t coal or 1,536 t coal-brick and 126.64 t fuel oil Fuel consumption: On full speed: 20.25 t coal/hour, at 13 kts 6.273 t coal/hour Endurance: 4,200 nm at 10 kts Performance: 27,383 shp Speed: 20.50 kts Armament: 12 Skoda-type guns, cal: 30.5 cm/L45, situated in 4 triple turrets. (Barrel length 13.75 m; barrel weight: 52.65 t; weight of breech: 1.6 t; weight of shell: 450 kg; weight of charge: 136 kg; muzzle velocity: 800 m/sec; weight of triple turret: 630 t; range: 18 km. Rpg: 76 shells.) 12 Skoda-type guns, cal: 15 cm/L50, in casemates (angle of hori- zontal training: 120°; elevation/depression: +15°/-6°; weight of shell: 45.5 kg. Rpg: 180 shells.) 18 Skoda-type anti-torpedo boats guns, cal: 7 cm/L50. (Weight of shell: 4.5 kg. Rpg: 400 shells.) 2 Skoda-type aa guns, cal: 4.7 cm/L44 2 landing guns, cal: 7 cm/L18 2 qf guns, cal: 4.7 cm/L44 Four 53.3 cm fixed torpedo tubes under water line (12 L/63-type armed and 2 L/63 type training torpedoes.) 20 mines C/10-type 3 Schwarzlose-type machineguns, cal: 8 mm 2 8 mm machineguns, 392 8 mm M95-type rifles, 133 8 mm M07- type revolvers Protection: Belt: 150-280 mm (bow and quarter : 150 mm) on 8 mm teak under plates Deck: 30-48 mm Conning tower’s vertical plates: 280 mm Main turrets’ vertical plates: 280 mm Casemate batteries: 180 mm Others: 1 motorboat 13 t; 1 motorboat 9,5 t; 1 motorboat 5 t; 1 motor-sailing barge 12,8 t; 1 sailing-barge; 1 rescue cutters I cl; 4 cutter I cl; 2 rowing-boats; 2 gigg I cl; 4 jollyboats; 2 small-boats. Boat race flag: “V”. 4 Tyszak-type anchors: 8,200 kg; 8,280 kg; 8,240 kg; 3,040 kg. 2 Admiralty-type anchors: 1,500 kg; 750 kg. 11 searchlights with diameter 110 cm. 2 rudders. Mean radius of turning circle: 315 m. Quarters of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and the Admiral were planned by architect Alfred Keller from Graz, and were fitted by Portois & Fix Co. From Vienna. Characteristics: 2 masts, 2 smoke stacks. Main artillery situated in triple, super firing turrets. Anti-torpedo nets. Complement: 37 Officers + 16 C.P.O.s + 993 men.

51 Career :

24 /07/1910 Her building was started. From that time every ship’s class had to consist of four identical ships. The Navy had learnt from the German experiences, that the right control and command of the battleship’s classes needs a Division contains at least four identical ships. 28 /03/1911 The Emperor I Franz Joseph had confirmed her name and date of launching. The Austrian Fleet Association donated a Flag of Honour to the ship, what was kept till the com- missioning in the Naval Arsenal and later on in a box in the Captain’s cabin. 24/06 She was launched at 09.00 hours. Her godmother was Archduchess Maria Annunziata escorted by her brother Archduke Franz Ferdinand who had represented the Emperor, and his wife, Princess Sophie Hohenberg. The whole Squadron filed up in the Bay of Trieste. The ship’s tilting test was made on the same day (this test was made only with this class of ship). After that she was towed by Herkules to Pola for docking. 9/07 She was towed back to Trieste. 12 /08/1912 Sailed for an early sea trial. 13/08 She carried out her first real sea trial run from Trieste and steamed to Pola, where was docked. 27/08 Sailed from Pola to carry out her first trial run with full speed. 28/08 Returned to Pola. 7/09 Sailed to test her main engines. 27/09 – 4/10 In dock. 5/10 The Navy took over. 6/10 Commissioned first time. She was the first battleship of the entire World, which had her artillery in triple turrets. 7/10 The Fleet Associ- ation handed over the Flag of Honour in a ceremony. 15/10 Sailed from Pola for a day to ex- ecute the ranging of her guns. 17/10 Once again left the port for a day 22/10 Sailed from Pola for a torpedo launching exercise and then returned to the port. She made one day trips 24/25/29/ 10; 15/16/19/20/21/ 11; 2/3/4/6/12/16/17/19/20/23/27/ 12 and finally she steamed to Fasana. 30/12 She made one day trip from Fasana. 3 /01/1913 and 4; 8; 10; 11; 14; 15 of this month she made one day trips from Fasana. 21/01 From Fasana put in Pola. 23/01 Returned to Fasana. 25/01 Sailed for a day. 1/02 Steamed from Fasana to Pola. 11/02 Left the port for a day. 13/02 Returned to Fasana. 21/02 Left Fas- ana and put in Pola. 24/02 Returned to Fasana. 12/03 She has participated in the exercise and Fleet parade kept in the Fasana-channel. After that she became the flagship of the Squadron. 14/03 Left Fasana for Pola. 28-30/03 Archduke Franz Ferdinand stayed on board. 12/06 Sailed from Pola to Dalmatia for the blockade of Montenegro. Between 13/06 and 18/07 stationed off the mouth of Bojana River. 18/07 Put in Cattaro. 18/07 She gave assistance to re- float steamer Skodra of Ungaro-Croata Co. which has run aground in mouth of Bojana River. 19-23/07 Meljine. 23-27/07 Cattaro. 27/07 – 2/08 Mouth of Bojana River. 2/08 Put in Cat- taro-bay. 13/08 Sailed and arrived at Breno. 14/08 Arrived at Gravosa. 26/08 Sailed and cruised in Curzola-channel. 28/08 – 2/09 Spalato. 3-4/09 Sebenico. 04/09 Arrived at Abbázia. 09/09 Arrived back at Pola. 11/09 Sailed from Pola. 12/09 Put in Brgulje. 13/09 Sailed and arrived at Pola. 18/09 Sailed from Pola. 20/09 Returned to Pola. 12/11 Steamed over to Port of Daila. 18/11 Returned to Pola. 19/11 Steamed over to Fasana. 21 and 27/11 made one day trips. 10/12 Returned from Fasana to Pola. 13 /01/1914 Sailed from Pola and put in Fiume. 19/01 Returned from Fiume to Pola. 4/02 Put to sea for one day from Pola. 17/02 – 4/03 in dock. 26/03 Steamed from Pola to Miramar. 28/03 Returned from Miramar to Pola. 30/03 Sailed from Pola for a cruise in Eastern-Medi- terranean. 31/03 Called at Kumbor. 4-16/04 Smyrna. 17-20/04 Adalia. 20-22/04 Mersine. 23-24/04 Alexandretta. 25/04 – 4/05 Beirut. 6-18/05 Alexandria. 22-28/05 Malta. 30/05 – 1/06 Valona. 1-6/06 Durazzo. 7/06 Arrived at Pola. 15/06 Sailed from Pola for target-practice. 17/06 Returned to Pola. 23/06 Steamed from Pola to Trieste. 24/06 Set sail from Trieste with Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife on board. 25-30/06 Stayed in mouth of Narenta River (today Neretva). On return trip she carried the bodies of Archduke and his wife. 1/07 Arrived at Trieste. 2/07 Sailed and arrived at Pola. 6 and 7/07 put to sea for one day. 8/07 Sailed from Pola. 10/07 Arrived at Pirano. 13 and 15/07 Put to sea for one day. 17/07 Steamed over from

52 Pirano to Grado. 20/07 Returned to Pirano. 22/07 Sailed from Pirano, called at Parenzo and put in Pola. She became the flagship of the Fleet. 7/08 Put to sea to meet the German GOEBEN, but at Cape of Planka she turned back because the Germans changed their plans. 8/08 Arrived at Pola. 5/09 Put to sea for one day tactical exercise. 6/10 Steamed over from Pola to Fasana. 14/10 Returned to Pola. 18/10 Steamed again from Pola to Fasana. 23/10 Archduke Karl Franz Joseph called on board. 21/11 Returned from Fasana to Pola. 23/11 Steamed again to Fasana. 26/11 Steamed from Fasana to Pola. 12 /03/1915 Put to sea for one day from Pola. 29/03 Steamed over to Fasana. 2/04 Returned to Pola. 24-25/05 Shelled the Italian coasts in area of Ancona. 6-27/09 Was in dock. During this time the Fleet’s Command was transferred to LACROMA. Her covering mechanisms of the gun’s ports were changed; several searchlights were added; got anti-bomb nets for her smoke stacks. 29 /05/1916 Steamed over from Pola to Fasana. 3/06 Returned to Pola. 15/12 The new Emper- or, Karl called on board. 08 /02/1917 Fleet Admiral Anton Haus died on board because of pneumonia and his body was laid in state on quarterdeck. 10/02 Emperor Karl and Archduke Karl Stefan visited on board for the funeral. 24/02 – 5/03 Was in dock. 20/03 Put to sea from Pola for a torpedo firing exercise, and then put in Fasana. 28/04 Carried out a target-practice in the Fasana-channel, otherwise she stayed at Pola. 27/10 Emperor Karl visited on board. 15/11 (12/11 ?) The German Emperor II Wilhelm called on board. 12 /04/1918 Carried out a target-practice in the Fasana-channel, otherwise she stationed at Pola. 8/06 Sailed from Pola and then at 18.00 hours was moored at buoy No 4 in Fasana. She sailed from Fasana at 22.00 hours for the action against the Otranto-strait and steamed with 15 knots. 9/06 at 05.30 hours put in Porto Tajer. At 21.15 hours continued her voyage. 10/06 Ar- rived at Slano. At 21.30 hours put to sea and turned back toward Pola. 11/06 In the early hours steamed at the northern tip of Island Cherso (today Cres) in the Bay of Fiume. At 16.00 hours the crew was told the sinking of SMS SZENT ISTVÁN. At 18.30 hour put in Pola with her escort of 28 units (torpedo boats and destroyers) and was moored at buoy No 31. 26/0 – 5/09 Was in dock. 22/10 Carried out a sea trial run and torpedo firing exercise in the outer port of Pola. 28/10 At noon the First Lieutenant, Lt-Commander Miloševič shot himself in head because of the rioting of nationalities. The Council of Sailors elected Surgeon-Com- mander Dr. Jug to the Captain of ship (!). Vice-admiral Horthy went from ship to ship and made a speech. 31/10 at 16.45 hours Vice-admiral Miklós Horthy delivered the Fleet stationed at Pola to the Yugoslavian National Council and the war ensign of the Austrian-Hungarian Navy was hauled down for ever. Horthy with the crew of other nationalities left the ship with his Flag of Honour under his arm. After a very long time the ship was brightly lighted. Later this day, 31 October became the Day of Royal Yugoslavian Fleet and was celebrated in each year. Last time on 31st October 1940. On 31st October the VIRIBUS UNITIS became the flagship of the new Yugoslavian Fleet, but in the Austrian-Hungarian Navy there were not Serbs and from 100 men only three were Slovenes. The Croatian seamen suggested to rename the ship FRANKOPAN, after the famous family who struggled in the earlier centuries for the in- dependency of Croatia According to other source they wanted give her name JUGOSLAVIJA. Nevertheless there was not time to rename her officially. 1/11 Two Italian frogmen, Raffaele Rosetti and Raffaele Paolucci entered the unguarded port and placed mines on the hull. Captain Janko Vukovics de Podkapelski, temporary C-in-C of the Yugoslavian Fleet was also on board, when the mines exploded. The battleship sunk in 14 minutes with 300-400 men from the crew and Captain Vukovics. In the same time the Lloyd steamer Wien, used as accommodation ship, was also sunk. The Pola Radio Station reported the attack on FRANKOPÁN to the Allies, what happened in an already friendly port and asked for British- French (and not Italian) occupying forces. The VIII Volume of La Marina Italiana Nella

53 Guerra Mondiale tried to explain the using of this name with a wrong decoding of a radio- gram which reported on the same day the sinking of the small coaster steamer, the FRANKO- PAN (KANONENBOOT II.). Nevertheless there are not any data to verify the sinking of this other FRANKOPÁN by mines or torpedoes. Actually this small steamer served until 1941 in the Yugoslavian Merchant Marine. The two Italian frogmen was captured and kept as prison- ers in the battleship HABSBURG and RADETZKY till 05 November, when the Italian battleship SAINT BON arrived at Pola and liberated them. As in time of sinking there was still war between Italy and Austria-Hungary, according to Italians the Yugoslavian state was not yet in existence. In 1920 and in the following years during the Italian occupation of Istria, the ship which had broken to three parts and sitting in water in 20-30 metres depth was partially broken up. The Italians did not make any statement about the discovered bodies. Such grave could be became obviously the memorial site of Yugoslavian Navy. They put the perished sailors’ number between 300-350 men, but it is a possible exaggeration, as the sailors had enough time to leave the ship.

SMS TEGETTHOFF

54 Laid down : Launched Commissioned 24/09/1910 21/03/1912 14/07/1913

Builder: STT, Trieste - San Marco Coasts: 60,000,000 K Sister ships: VIRIBUS UNITIS, PRINZ EUGEN, the SZENT ISTVÁN (similar) Displacement: 20,013.55 t (constr) 21,595.00 t (full load) Length: 143.00 m (pp) / 151.00 m (wl) / 152,18 m (oa) Beam: 27.99 m Draught: 8.23 m (constr) 8.86 m (max) Change of Draught: 1 cm = 29.38 t Freeboard: 6.04 m Machinery: 4 Parsons-type turbines (2 HP; 2 LP) 12 coal burner Yarrow-type boilers with oil injection, operating pressure: 18.5 atm. 4 outward revolving propellers with 3 blades, diameter: 2.75 m Bunkerage: 1,871 t coal or 1536 t coal-brick 126.64 t fuel oil Fuel consumption: On full speed: 20.25 t coal/hour, at 13 kts 6.273 t coal/hour Endurance: 4,200 nm at 10 kts Performance: 25,638 shp Speed: 20.31 kts Armament: 12 Skoda-type guns, cal: 30.5 cm/L45, situated in 4 triple turrets. (Barrel length 13.75 m; barrel weight: 52.65 t; weight of breech: 1.6 t; weight of shell: 450 kg; weight of charge: 136 kg; muzzle velocity: 800 m/sec; weight of triple turret: 630 t; range: 18 km. Rpg: 76 shells.) 12 Skoda-type guns, cal: 15 cm/L50, in casemates (angle of hori- zontal training: 120°; elevation/depression: +15°/-6°; weight of shell: 45.5 kg. Rpg: 180 shells.) 18 Skoda-type anti-torpedo boats guns, cal: 7 cm/L50. (Weight of shell: 4.5 kg. Rpg: 400 shells.)

55 2 Skoda-type aa guns, cal: 4.7 cm/L44 2 landing guns, cal: 7 cm/L18 2 qf guns, cal: 4.7 cm/L44 Four 53.3 cm fixed torpedo tubes under water line (4 L/5.2-type armed and 2 L/63 type training torpedoes.) 20 mines C/10-type 3 Schwarzlose-type machineguns, cal: 8 mm 2 8 mm machineguns, 392 8 mm M95-type rifles, 133 8 mm M07- type revolvers Protection: Belt: 150-280 mm (bow and quarter : 150 mm) on 8 mm teak under plates Deck: 30-48 mm Conning tower’s vertical plates: 280 mm Main turrets’ vertical plates: 280 mm Casemate batteries: 180 mm Others: 1 motorboat 13 t; 1 motorboat 8,5 t; 1 motorboat 5 t; 1 motor-sailing barge 12,8 t; 1 barge I cl; 1 rescue cutters I cl; 4 cutter I cl; 2 rowing-boats; 2 gigg I cl; 4 jollyboats; 2 small-boats. Boat race flag: “T”. 3 Tyszak-type anchors: 8,200 kg; 8,280 kg; 8,240 kg. 3 Admiralty-type anchors: 3,040 kg; 1,500 kg; 750 kg. Counter to earlier built ships had two independent gyrocompasses. Characteristics 2 masts, 2 smoke stacks. Main artillery situated in triple, super firing turrets. Anti-torpedo nets. Complement: 37 Officers + 16 C.P.O.s + 993 men.

Career :

9 /02/1912 Her name was confirmed. 21/03 At 10.00 hours she was launched. Archduchess Blanka was her godmother in the presence of Archduke Leopold Salvator, the Heir of Throne Franz Ferdinand and several Archdukes. The Order of Maria-Theresia presented the Rear-admiral an oil painting showing the ship. 3/04 The tugboat Herkules towed her to Pola, and then back to Trieste. In 1913 under patronage of Countess Gabriele Schönborn-Chotek the ship got a silk Flag of Honour (size: 424 x 460 cm). 20/03 Sailed from Trieste for her first sea trial, and then arrived at Pola, where was docked immediately. She was in dock till 28th March. 3/04 Put to sea from Pola for a sea trial. 4/04 Returned to Pola. 9-10/04 Sea trials. 15/04 Sailed from Pola then returned. 19/04 Sailed then returned. 25/04 Sailed then returned, and she steamed with full speed first time. 29/04 One day sea trial. 23/06 One day sea trial and the variations and devi- ations of the magnetic compass were determined. Carried out one day sea trials on: 24; 27; and 30/06, then 1; 3; 11; and 12/07. 14/07 She was commissioned in the Squadron. 16/07 Put to sea then returned to the port. 1/08 Sailed from Pola. 20-26/08 Gravosa. 27-28/08 Cruised in the Curzola-channel. 28/08 – 2/09 Spalato. 3-4/09 Sebenico. 4-9/09 Abbázia. 12/09 Steamed over to Brgulje. 13/09 Sailed from Brgulje and put in Pola. 29/10 Sailed from Pola. 29/10 – 12/11 Rovigno, in the port of Daila. 18-22/11 Fasana. 24/11 Put in Pola. 9/12 Her crew loaded 900 tonnes of coal in 3 hours. 15/12 Steamed over to Rovigno. 19/12 Returned to Pola. 2 /01/1914 Sailed from Pola as the flagship of 1st Division of the Squadron. 3-7/01 Zara and Veglia. 13-19/01 Fiume and Cherso. 24/01 Returned to Pola. 26-29/01 Fasana. 30/01 Put in Pola. 4/02 Steamed over to Rovigno. 10/02 Went over to Pirano. 18/02 Sailed from Rovigno.

56 19/02 Arrived at Trieste. 26/02 Put to sea. 27/02 In company of the visiting British Squadron put in Trieste. 6/03 Went over to Quieto. 13/03 Steamed over to Pola. 23/03 Steamed from Pola to Miramar. 28/03 Returned to Pola. 30/03 Sailed from Pola. 31/03 Called at Kumbor then continued her voyage. 4-16/04 Smyrna. 17-20/04 Adalia. 20-22/04 Mersine. 23-24/04 Alexandretta. 25/04 – 4/05 Beirut. 6-18/05 Alexandria. 22-28/05 Malta. 30/05 – 1/06 Valona. 1-6/06 Durazzo. 7/06 Arrived at Pola. 8-12/06 She was declared capable for longer voyages. 29/06 Sailed from Pola. 30/06 Put into the mouth of Narenta for a few hours then continued her trip. 1/07 Passed through the Fasana-channel and arrived at Trieste. 2/07 Steamed from Trieste to Pirano. 3/07 Arrived at Pola. 7/07 Sailed over to Pirano. 10/07 Left Pirano then returned. 13/07 Made one day trip. 17/07 Sailed over to Grado. 20/07 Returned to Pirano. 22/07 Sailed from Pirano and after calling at Parenzo, arrived at Pola. Here became the flagship of the 1st Squadron. 7/08 Sailed from Pola to meet GOEBEN and steamed to Cape of Planka. 8/08 Returned. 5/09 Put to sea from Pola for a one day tactical exercise. 6/10 Fasana-channel. 14/10 Put in Pola. 18/10 Sailed to Fasana. 23/10 Archduke Karl Franz Joseph called on board. 26/11 Put in Pola. 5 /02/1915 She was docked for six days. 12/03 Put to sea from Pola for a one day trip. 29/03 Arrived at Fasana. 2/04 Returned to Pola. 23/05 Participated in the raid on the coasts of Italy. She got herself under fire off Ancona, then later a submarine attacked her with torpedoes but missed. 24/05 Returned to Pola. 24 /02/1916 Archduke Friedrich inspected the ship. 30/08 Steamed to Fasana. 14/08 Returned to Pola. 9/08 – 6/09 Was in dock. 7 /03/1917 Steamed from Pola to Fasana. 10/03 Returned to Pola. 5/06 Carried out a target- practice. 7/07 Steamed out to Fasana-channel. 14/07 Returned to Pola. 16/07 Once again went to Fasana and returned to Pola. 2 /24/1918 Put to sea from Pola for a target-practice in the Fasana-channel. Got an air-attack and returned to Pola. 9/06 At 22.15 hours sailed from Pola for the raid on Otranto-strait. To south of Porer the 16 knots speed was reduced to 12 knots because of the slowed SMS SZENT ISTVÁN. They have seen at 03.31 hours a flash and explosion in distance of 800 metres alongside of SZENT ISTVÁN. They thought that torpedoes were fired also on TE- GETTHOFF, but it was clarified later that these and the sightings of periscopes were all mis- takes. She tried to take the torpedoed SZENT ISTVÁN in tow, but then she capsized and sunk. The boats of TEGETTHOFF helped in the rescue of crew. As the rescue was completed she sailed toward Porto Tajer escorted by one part of the torpedo boats, where dropped the anchor at 10.38 hours. The action was deleted, so she sailed back at 21.00 hours to Pola. 11/06 Arrived there at 04.45 hours. 29/07 – 21/08 Was in dock. 05/11 – 1/12 She was flying the Italian flag. 10/11 The British and Italian flags were hoisted, but next day only the Italian colours. The ship was moored at the Mole of Bellona and not at her own buoy. 24 /03/1919 The Italians took her with Italian crew but without any flag to Venice and was moored at Giardini. The Italian sea painter, Rodolfo Claudius in the year of 1953 recorded this passage on an oil painting (200 x 300 cm). He gave the following title: “The capitulation of the Austrian Fleet”. Today this painting can be seen in the Arsenal Museum in Venice. In September 1920 the Italian declared that they need 18 month to disarm the ship, and 5 years to break up. Till then Luigi Rizzo used her as scenery for his film titled “The sinking of SZENT ISTVÁN”. In May 1922 in the Conference of Venice not only the existing ships were deleted from the list of ships could be kept on, but also the ships which will come later into their hands. In 1924 she was broken up on pressing of Allies.

57 SMS PRINZ EUGEN

Laid down : Launched Commissioned 16/01/1912 30/11/1912 08/07/1914

Builder: STT, Trieste - San Marco Costs: 60,600,000 K Sister ships: VIRIBUS UNITIS, TEGETTHOFF, the SZENT ISTVÁN (similar) Displacement: 20,013,55 t (constr) 19,501.00 t (in running order but in empty state) 21,595.00 t (full load) Length: 143.00 m (pp) / 151.00 m (wl) / 152.18 m (oa) Beam: 27.34 m

58 Draught: 8.23 m (constr) 8.86 m (max) Change of Draught: 1 cm = 29.38 t Freeboard: 6.04 m Machinery: 4 Parsons-type turbines (2 HP; 2 LP) 12 coal burner Yarrow-type boilers with oil injection, operating pressure: 18.5 atm. 4 outward revolving propellers with 3 blades, diameter: 2.75 m Bunkerage: 1,871 t coal or 1,536 t coal-brick and 126.64 t fuel oil Fuel consumption: On full speed 20.25 t coal/hour; 13 kts 6.273 t coal/hour Endurance: 4,200 nm at 10 kts Performance: 27,183 shp Speed: 20.41 kts Armament: 12 Skoda-type guns, cal: 30.5 cm/L45, situated in 4 triple turrets. (Barrel length 13.75 m; barrel weight: 52.65 t; weight of breech: 1.6 t; weight of shell: 450 kg; weight of charge: 136 kg; muzzle velocity: 800 m/sec; weight of triple turret: 630 t; range: 18 km. Rpg: 76 shells.) 12 Skoda-type guns, cal: 15 cm/L50, in casemates (angle of hori- zontal training: 120°; elevation/depression: +15°/-6°; weight of shell: 45.5 kg. Rpg: 180 shells.) 18 Skoda-type anti-torpedo boats guns, cal: 7 cm/L50. (Weight of shell: 4.5 kg. Rpg: 400 shells.) 2 Skoda-type aa guns, cal: 4.7 cm/L44 2 landing guns, cal: 7 cm/L18 2 qf guns, cal: 4.7 cm/L44 Four 53.3 cm fixed torpedo tubes under water line (12 L/6.3-type armed and 2 L/63 type training torpedoes.) 20 mines C/10-type 3 Schwarzlose-type machineguns, cal: 8 mm 2 8 mm machineguns, 392 8 mm M95-type rifles, 133 8 mm M07- type revolvers Protection: Belt: 150-280 mm (bow and quarter : 150 mm) on 8 mm teak under plates Deck: 30-48 mm Conning tower’s vertical plates: 280 mm Main turrets’ vertical plates: 280 mm Casemate batteries: 180 mm Others: 1 motorboat 13 t; 1 motorboat 9,5 t; 1 motorboat 5 t; 1 motor-sailing barge 12,8 t; 1 sailing-barge; 1 rescue cutters I cl; 4 cutter I cl; 2 rowing-boats; 2 gigg I cl; 4 jollyboats; 2 small-boats. Boat race flag: “P”. 4 Tyszak-type anchors: 8,200 kg; 8,280 kg; 8,240 kg; 3,040 kg. 2 Admiralty-type anchors: 1,500 kg; 750 kg. 11 searchlights with diameter 110 cm. Characteristics: 2 masts, 2 smoke stacks. Main artillery situated in triple, super firing turrets. Anti-torpedo nets. Complement: 37 Officers + 16 C.P.O.s + 993 men.

59 Career :

16 /01/1912 Her keel was laid down. 5/10 The Emperor I Franz Joseph had confirmed her name. 30/11 She was launched at11.30 hours. Her godmother was Archduchess Marie Christine, and Archduke Peter Ferdinand and others were attended also the event. 9 /04/1914 She steamed from Trieste to Pola. 9-18/04 Was in dock. 8/07 (17/07) She was commissioned. From 18/07 served in the Squadron. 27/07 Fasana. 7/08 Sailed from Pola to meet GOEBEN. 8/08 Returned to Pola. 5/09 Put to sea from Pola for a one day tactical exercise. 6/10 Fasana. 14/10 Put in Pola. 8/11 Fasana. 26/11 Returned to Pola. 12 /03/1915 Put to sea from Pola for a day. 29/03 Fasana. 31/03 Carried out a target-practice with centralised fire control. 2/04 Put in Pola. 23/05 Shelled the Italian coasts around of Ancona. 24/05 Arrived back at Pola. 21/10 She was docked for a week. 26 /04/1916 Sailed from Fasana. 6/05 Steamed from Fasana to Pola. 22/08 Returned from Pola to Fasana. 31/08 Put in Pola. 22 /02/1917 Steamed from Pola to Fasana. 1/03 Put in Pola. 19-28/03 Was in dock. 5/06 Car- ried out tactical target practice with her secondary artillery in the Fasana-channel. 7/07 Went from Pola to Fasana. 14/07 Returned from Fasana to Pola. 20 /04/1918 Steamed from Pola to Fasana. 26/04 Put in Pola. 8/06 Sailed from Pola for an action in the South-Adriatic. 10/06 Arrived at Slano. 11/06 Arrived back at Pola. 9/09 – 1/10 Was in dock. 22/10 Carried out a trial run and torpedo firing practice in the outer port of Pola. At night of 30/10 she was brightly lighted. 5/11 – 1/12 Was under Italian flag. 10/11 The Brit- ish and Italian flags were hoisted, but next day only the Italian colours. The ship was moored at the Mole of Bellona and not at her own buoy. In 1920 was allocated to France to break up. 25/08 She was towed without flag in the tow of three French tugs to Toulon. She was used as a target ship for ships and aircraft. Her guns were taken out and given to the Arsenal of Toulon and later used as coast defence batteries. 28 /07/1922 (28/06 ?) South of Toulon she was sunk in a long range target practice by the French battleships FRANCE, JEAN BART, PARIS and BRETAGNE.

60 SMS SZENT ISTVÁN

61 62 Laid down : Launched : Commissioned : 29/01/1912 18/01/1914 17/11/1915

Builder: Danubius, Fiume – Bergudi Costs: 60,600,000 K Sister ships: VIRIBUS UNITIS, TEGETTHOFF, PRINZ EUGEN similar Displacement: 20,008.30 t (constr) 21,689.00 t (full load) Length: 143.00 m (pp) / 151.00 m (wl) / 152.18 m (oa) Beam: 27.998 m Draught: 8.23 m (constr) 8.588 m (full load) Change of Draught: 1 cm = 29.46 t Metacentric height: 1.344 m Freeboard: 6.04 m Machinery: 2 AEG-Curtis-type turbines (1 HP; 1 LP; with built in astern turbines) 12 coal burner Babcock & Wilcox -type boilers with oil injection. 2 outward revolving propellers with 3 blades, diameter: 4.00 m Bunkerage: 1,844,5 t coal or 1519 t coal-brick and 267,20 t fuel oil Endurance: 4,200 nm at 10 kts Performance: 26,400 shp Speed: 21.00 kts Armament: 12 Skoda-type guns, cal: 30.5 cm/L45, situated in 4 triple turrets. (Barrel length 13.75 m; barrel weight: 52.65 t; weight of breech: 1.6 t; weight of shell: 450 kg; weight of charge: 136 kg; muzzle velocity: 800 m/sec; weight of triple turret: 630 t; range: 18 km. Rpg: 76 shells.) 12 Skoda-type guns, cal: 15 cm/L50, in casemates (angle of hori- zontal training: 120°; elevation/depression: +15°/-6°; weight of shell: 45.5 kg. Rpg: 180 shells.) 14 Skoda-type anti-torpedo boats guns, cal: 7 cm/L50. (Weight of shell: 4.5 kg. Rpg: 400 shells.) 4 Skoda-type aa guns, cal: 7 cm/L50 2 landing guns, cal: 7 cm/L18 Four 53.3 cm fixed torpedo tubes under water line (12 L/6.3-type armed and 2 L/63-type training torpedoes.) 20 mines C/10-type 4 Schwarzlose-type machineguns, cal: 8 mm 2 8 mm machineguns, 392 8 mm M95-type rifles, 133 8 mm M07- type revolvers Protection: Belt: 150-280 mm (bow and quarter : 150 mm) on 8 mm teak under plates Deck: 30-48 mm Conning tower’s vertical plates: 280 mm Main turrets’ vertical plates: 280 mm Casemate batteries: 180 mm Others: 1 motorboat 13 t; 1 motorboat 9,5 t; 1 motorboat 5 t; 1 motor-sailing barge I cl; 1 sailing-barge; 1 rescue cutters I cl; 4 cutter I cl; 3-4 rowing-boats; 2 gigg I cl; 4 jollyboats; 2 small-boats. Boat

63 race flag: “S”. 4 Tyszak-type anchors: 8,101 kg; 8,118 kg; 8,004 kg; 3,055 kg. 2 Admiralty-type anchors: 1,500 kg; 750 kg. 11 searchlights with diameter 110 cm. Characteristics: Counter to her sister ships, the smoke stacks of SZENT ISTVÁN were higher, and were provided from the beginning with anti- bomb nets. Searchlight platform behind the bridge was larger and her bridge was wider. The fire control platform could be turned in arc of 90°. She had large ventilators before the aft mast. She had not anti-torpedo nets, and was propelled by only two screws Complement: 38 + 1056.

Career :

29 /01/1912 Her building was started. This was the first (and the last) battleship built on Hun- garian territory and mainly from Hungarian materials. 28 /06/1913 The Emperor I Franz Joseph confirmed her name in a decree. Previously there were other suggested names as: Corvin Mátyás, Erzsébet Királyné, Hunyadi, Rákóczy and Laudon. 17 /01/1914 She was launched at 11.00 hours. Her godmother was Archduchess Maria Ther- esia. Archduke Franz Ferdinand the Heir of Throne, who did not feel a kindly interest toward Hungarians and who has demonstrative stayed away from the launching of ZRÍNYI, was not willed to attend the ceremony. The two completed units of this new battleship class, the VIRIBUS UNITIS and the TEGETTHOFF arrived at Fiume to the event. Hungary was represented at the festive board after the ceremony by Count István Tisza Prime Minister, Baron János Harkányi President of the Board of Trade, Count István Teleszky Chancellor of the Ex- chequer. The Austrian Government was represented by Baron of Rajecz István Burián Joint Chancellor of the Exchequer. 9/02 Tug boats Herkules and Pluto towed her to Pola for docking. 17/02 The Herkules towed back her to Fiume. 2/08 Although the ship was not completed the Herkules towed her to Pola because of the war. 2-19/10/ 1915 Was in dock. 17/11 She was commissioned in the 1st Battle Squadron. 20/11 Carried out her first sea trial run. 22/11 Her main engines were tested and carried out a torpedo firing practice. 13/12 Carried out a gunnery practice in the Fasana-channel. 23/12 The Navy took her over with some reservations. 6 /01/1916 Jenő Rákosi, the Editor in Chief of “Budapest News” delivered the ship’s Flag of Honour (into which was worked in a small part of one flag of the Hungarian Patriotic War in 1848) on a ceremony, in presence of Admiral Anton Haus. The ship got also a bronze plaque picturing Szent István, the first King of Hungary. The plaque (63 x 27 cm) was produced by artist Szilárd Sződy. 15/03 Sailed to Quarnerolo for a firing practice and steamed to Pago. 16/03 Put in Pola. 31/08 Steamed from Pola to Fasana. 9/09 Arrived at Pola. There was a fire in her forward fire control station, what was caused apparently by the self-combustion of the wiping-clothes left behind the wooden bulkhead cover. 15/12 The Emperor Karl visited on board. 14 /2/1917 Put to sea from Pola then returned to Fasana. 22/02 Put in Pola. 7-17/03 Was in dock. 21/03 Carried out a firing practice in the Quarnerolo. During the exercise one enemy submarine followed her, but did not fire torpedoes on her. 5/06 Carried out another firing practice. 7/07 Steamed from Pola to Fasana. 14/07 Returned to Pola. 22/11 The German emperor II Wilhelm called on board.

64 12 /04/1918 Carried out a firing practice. Captain Heinrich von Seitz took over her command. 9/06 At 22.15 hours she sailed from Pola for a combined operation planned against the Otranto-strait. The sailing was delayed by the late opening of the boom closed the port of Pola. The ship was escorted by the destroyer VELEBIT and the torpedo boats 76; 77; 78; 79; 81; and 87. After altering course at lighthouse Porer they increased the speed to 16 knots and later 17,5 knots. In half an hour one of shaft bearings of SZENT ISTVÁN was overheated and her speed had to reduce to 12 knots. Later they increased the speed gradually, but it remained under 15 knots. The Force steamed to the latitude of Gruiza on a calm sea and the visibility was restricted slightly by the very light fog. The MAS 15 and MAS 21 under command of Lt- Commander Luigi Rizzo were stopped near to Island Premuda after a night reconnaissance action. At 03.31 they have sighted the approaching ships’ formation. The visibility to East was advantageous for them, while toward West, where the Italian torpedo boats were waiting, the visibility was not so good because of the light fog. The MAS 15 hit the starboard side of the SZENT ISTVÁN with two torpedoes. One torpedo impacted at the forward boiler room, the other a little bit aft. The ship’s main engines were stopped after the torpedo hits and the ship turned to port. The SZENT ISTVÁN in a few minutes listed 10° to starboard because of the flooding, what was reduced to 7° by the flooding of the compartments on the other side. The turrets were turned out to port to ease the list. Then the ship’s main engines were restar- ted and she steamed in course 100° with 4,5 knots toward Brgulje. The ship was stopped again because of the water in the boiler room and this time tried to cover the leaks with colli- sion-mats, but it was very difficult. Because of decreasing of steam pressure the pumps worked slowly and the ship’s list increased continuously. In that time the order was given to leave the ship. The SZENT ISTVÁN capsized at 06.05 hours and sunk at 06.12. 4 officers and 85 men of the crew went down with her. The torpedo boats and the barges and boats of TE- GETTHOFF rescued from the water 32 officers and 945 men. On board of TEGETTHOFF remained only the officers and the wounded and they were carried to Pola, while the torpedo boats carried the unhurt crew members to Sebenico. Here they were transferred to the coal ship Pola, where they were jammed into inhuman conditions and were kept without food and drink for two days. After two days hunger a torpedo boat brought some food and everybody got half pound of tinned beef. 17/06 The light cruiser HELGOLAND arrived at Sebenico and carried them to Pola. On board of light cruiser – after seven days of the tragedy – first time they got hot soup and bread. Later everybody got 30 days liberty, 300 Korona aid and food for three days to compensate their hardships. After the sinking of ship Rear-admiral Horthy had stopped the operation against the Otranto-strait, as the enemy became aware of the presence of the warships in the Adriatic, so the units returned to their ports.