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UNIVERSITY OF WALES

CENTRE FOR ADVANCED WELSH AND CELTIC STUDIES

A SOCIAL HISTORY OF THE WELSH LANGUAGE: THE EVIDENCE OF THE 1891 CENSUS

ESRC PROJECT No: R00023603901

PROJECT LEADERS: HAROLD CARTER

GERAINT H. JENKINS

RESEARCH ASSISTANTS: GWENFAIR PARRY

MARI WILLIAMS

ABERYSTWYTH

1998 CONTENTS OF DATA FILES

This dataset contains 35 Excel files, each of which consists of a 100 per cent sample of the enumeration districts in twenty communities, selected from the 178 sub-registration districts of Wales, ie. c. 90,000 individuals or 5 per cent of the total population of Wales in 1891. The following twenty communities were sampled:

Blaenau, Monmouthshire Cardiff, Glamorgan Blaenllechau, Glamorgan Ferndale, Glamorgan Cwm Clydach, Glamorgan Llwynypia, Glamorgan Dowlais, Glamorgan Pontardawe, Glamorgan Cwmaman, Carmarthenshire Fishguard, Pembrokeshire Aberystwyth, Cardiganshire Tregaron, Cardiganshire Builth Wells, Breconshire Llanidloes, Montgomeryshire Rhyl, Flintshire Rhosllannerchrugog, Denbighshire Llanymawddwy, Merionethshire Blaenau Ffestiniog, Merionethshire Porthmadog, Caernarfonshire Trefdraeth, Anglesey

Two specific data files were created for each district. Variables in the first file identified, in the following order, the identity of the individual person, the enumeration district, the schedule number, first name, surname, relation to the head of the household, marital status, sex, age, occupation, employment status (whether a: employer; b: employed, or c: neither employer nor employed), occupation code, country/county of birth, birthplace and language spoken. The second file identified the following variables: the enumeration district, the schedule number, whether a Welsh-language schedule was used, number of persons in household, number of rooms (if fewer than five), and address. File Name Description blaenau.xls Transcription of the 1891 census enumerator’s books (CEBs), Blaenau, Monmouthshire, comprising enumeration districts nos. 4, 8, 9, 10, 11 in the sub- registration district of Aberystruth, in the Bedwellte registration district. Number of records: 6529 cdiff6.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Cardiff, Glamorgan, comprising enumeration district no. 6. in the sub-registration district of Cardiff, in the Cardiff registration district. Number of records: 2521 cdiff17.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Cardiff, Glamorgan, comprising enumeration district no. 17 in the sub-registration district of Cardiff, in the Cardiff registration district. Number of records: 1495 cdiff25.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Cardiff, Glamorgan, comprising enumeration district no. 25 in the sub-registration district of Cardiff, in the Cardiff registration district. Number of records: 2616 cdiff27.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Cardiff, Glamorgan, comprising enumeration district no. 27 in the sub-registration district of Cardiff, in the Cardiff registration district. Number of records: 3447 cdiff31.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Cardiff, Glamorgan, comprising enumeration district no. 31 in the sub-registration district of Cardiff, in the Cardiff registration district. Number of records: 3063 cdiff35.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Cardiff, Glamorgan, comprising enumeration district no. 35 in the sub-registration district of Cardiff, in the Cardiff registration district. Number of records: 2143 cdiff42.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Cardiff, Glamorgan, comprising enumeration district no. 42 in the sub-registration district of Cardiff, in the Cardiff registration district. Number of records: 3051 bllech.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Blaenllechau, Glamorgan, comprising enumeration districts nos. 1, 2 in the sub-registration district of Llanwynno in the Pontypridd registration district. Number of records: 2737 ferndale.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Ferndale, Glamorgan, comprising enumeration districts nos. 40, 41, 42 in the sub-registration district of Ystradyfodwg in the Pontypridd registration district. Number of records: 4748 cwmclch.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Cwm Clydach, Glamorgan, comprising enumeration districts nos. 26, 27, 28 in the sub-registration district of Ystradyfodwg in the Pontypridd registration district. Number of records: 4746 llwynyp.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Llwynypia, Glamorgan, comprising enumeration district no. 24 in the sub-registration district of Ystradyfodwg in the Pontypridd registration district. Number of records: 2450 dowlais.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Dowlais, Glamorgan, comprising enumeration districts nos. 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12 in the sub-registration district of Upper Merthyr Tydfil in the Merthyr Tydfil registration district. Number of records: 6867 pontad.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Pontardawe, Glamorgan, comprising enumeration district no. 10 in the sub-registration district of Pontardawe in the Pontardawe registration district. Number of records: 1485 cwmaman.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Cwmaman, Carmarthenshire, comprising enumeration districts nos. 3 (part of) and 15, in the sub-registration district of Llandybïe in the Llandeilo Fawr registration district. Number of records: 1445 fishg.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Fishguard, Pembrokeshire, comprising enumeration districts nos. 1, 2, 3 in the sub-registration district of Fishguard in the Haverfordwest registration district. Number of records: 1485 aber1.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Aberystwyth, Cardiganshire, comprising enumeration districts nos. 1, 2, in the sub-registration district of Aberystwyth in the Aberystwyth registration district. Number of records: 2307 aber2.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Aberystwyth, Cardiganshire, comprising enumeration districts nos. 3, 4 in the sub-registration district of Aberystwyth in the Aberystwyth registration district. Number of records: 3245 aber3.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Aberystwyth, Cardiganshire, comprising enumeration districts nos. 5, 11 in the sub-registration district of Aberystwyth in the Aberystwyth registration district. Number of records: 1351 tregaron.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Tregaron, Cardiganshire, comprising enumeration districts nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 in the sub-registration district of Tregaron and enumeration districts nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 in the sub-registration district of Gwnnws in the Tregaron registration district. Number of records: 3443 builthw.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Builth Wells, Breconshire, comprising enumeration districts nos. 1, 2, 3 in the sub-registration district of Builth in the Builth registration district. Number of records: 1712 llanidl.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Llanidloes, Montgomeryshire, comprising enumeration districts nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 in the sub-registration district of Upper Llanidloes and enumeration districts nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 in the sub-registration district of Lower Llanidloes in the Newtown registration district. Number of records: 2574 rhyl10.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Rhyl, Flintshire, comprising enumeration district no. 10 in the sub-registration district of St. Asaph in the St. Asaph registration district. Number of records: 608 rhyl11.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Rhyl, Flintshire, comprising enumeration district no. 11 in the sub-registration district of St. Asaph in the St. Asaph registration district. Number of records: 793 rhyl12.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Rhyl, Flintshire, comprising enumeration district no. 12 in the sub-registration district of St. Asaph in the St. Asaph registration district. Number of records: 590 rhyl13.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Rhyl, Flintshire, comprising enumeration district no. 13 in the sub-registration district of St. Asaph in the St. Asaph registration district. Number of records: 414 rhyl14.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Rhyl, Flintshire, comprising enumeration district no. 14 in the sub-registration district of St. Asaph in the St. Asaph registration district. Number of records: 871 rhyl15.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Rhyl, Flintshire, comprising enumeration district no. 15 in the sub-registration district of St. Asaph in the St. Asaph registration district. Number of records: 732 rhyl16.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Rhyl, Flintshire, comprising enumeration district no. 16 in the sub-registration district of St. Asaph in the St. Asaph registration district. Number of records: 1336 rhyl17.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Rhyl, Flintshire, comprising enumeration district no. 17 in the sub-registration district of St. Asaph in the St. Asaph registration district. Number of records: 680 rhos.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Rhosllannerchrugog, Denbighshire, comprising enumeration districts nos. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 in the sub-registration district of Ruabon in the Wrexham registration district. Number of records: 6578 llymaw.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Llanymawddwy, Merionethshire, comprising enumeration districts nos. 5, 6 in the sub-registration district of Tal-y-llyn in the Dolgellau registration district. Number of records: 448 blff.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Blaenau Ffestiniog, Merionethshire, comprising enumeration districts nos. 4, 5 in the sub-registration district of Ffestiniog in the Ffestiniog registration district. Number of records: 4456 port.xls Trancription of the 1891 CEBs, Porthmadog, Caernarfonshire, comprising enumeration districts nos. 8, 9, and Shipping Schedules (SS) in the sub-registration districts of Tremadog in the Ffestiniog registration district. Number of records: 3517 trefdr.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Trefdraeth, Anglesey, comprising enumeration districts nos. 27, 28 in the sub-registration district of Beaumaris in the Bangor registration district. Number of records: 802 CODES

Relationship to head of household

AN Aunt JM Journeyman AP Apprentice LG Lodger AS Assistant MA Matron BD Boarder MT Mistress BL Brother-in-law MO Mother BR Brother ML Mother-in-law CI Sister NC Niece CL Sister-in-law NP Nephew CK Clerk NS Nurse CM Companion OR Orphan CO Cousin PN Partner CP Casual Pauper PT Patient CT Caretaker PO Porter CU Curate PS Prisoner DA Daughter PP Pupil DD Adopted Daughter RE Relation DL Daughter-in-law SH Scholar DS Adopted Son ST Schoolteacher EM Employee SV Servant FA Father SVD Servant’s daughter FL Father-in-law SVS Servant’s son FM Foreman SVW Servant’s wife FR Friend SO Son GO Governess SL Son-in-law GD Grand-daughter SB Step-brother GF Grandfather SC Step-sister GM Grandmother SD Step-daughter GGD Great-grand-daughter SF Step-father GGS Great-grandson SM Step-mother GS Grandson SS Step-son GA Great-aunt SG Stranger GU Great-uncle TE Teacher GN Grand-niece TR Traveller GR Groom UC Uncle GT Guest VA Vagrant HB Half-brother WC Wife’s sister HC Half-sister WK Worker HD Head HK Housekeeper HU Husband IM Inmate Country/County of Birth

Wales (WAL)

AGY Anglesey DEN Denbighshire MGY Montgomeryshire BRE Breconshire FLN Flintshire PEM Pembrokeshire CAE Caernarfonshire GLA Glamorgan RAD Radnorshire CGN Cardiganshire MER Merionethshire SWA South Wales

England (ENG)

BDF Bedfordshire HRT Hertfordshire SOM Somerset BRK Berkshire HUN Huntingdonshire STS Staffordshire BKM BuckinghamshireKEN Kent SFK Suffolk CAM Cambridgeshire LAN Lancashire SRY Surrey CHS Cheshire LEI Leicestershire SSX Sussex CON Cornwall LIN Lincolnshire WAR Warwickshire CUL Cumberland LND London WES Westmorland DBY Derbyshire MDX Middlesex WIL Wiltshire DEV Devonshire NFK Norfolk WOR Worcestershire DOR Dorset NTH Northamptonshire YKS Yorkshire DUR Durham NBL Northumberlands. ERY Yks East Riding ESS Essex NTT Nottinghamshire NRY Yks North Riding GLS Gloucestershire OXF Oxfordshire WRY Yks West Riding HAM Hampshire RUT Rutland IOW Isle of Wight HEF Herefordshire SAL Shropshire IOM Isle of Man

Others

AS At Sea ALD Alderney AFR Africa ARG Argentina AUS Australia BAR Barbados BAV Bavaria BEL Belgium BER Bermuda BRA Brazil BRIT British Isles BRT Brittany CAN Canada CHA Channel Islands CHI Chile DMK Denmark EIN East Indies FIN Finland FRA France GER Germany GIB Gibraltar GRE Greece GSY Guernsey HOL Holland IND India ITA Italy IRE Ireland IST Istanbul JSY Jersey LUX Luxembourg MAL Malta MAU Mauritius NET Netherlands NEW Newfoundland NOR Norway NOV Nova Scotia NZE New Zealand OST Austria PAT Patagonia PER Peru POL Poland POR Portugal PRU Prussia RUS Russia SAF South Africa SAM South America SCI Scilly Isles SCO Scotland SPA Spain SWE Sweden SWI Switzerland TAS Tasmania TUR Turkey USA United States of America WIN West Indies RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SOURCE AND THE DATA FILES

1. Example of the original source 2. Examples of how it is represented in the data files