Part of Speech

VERB PART 5 Ten Golden Rules for Non – finite Verbs Prize is what you pay, Value is what you get. A verb is a word that is used to tell something about a person or a thing VERB as follows – . a) What a person or thing does – She teaches in our school

b) What is done to a person or a thing – He was punished.

c) What a person or thing is – she is a pretty village girl. There are two types of verb – a) The auxiliary verbs b) The ordinary verbs

A) Auxiliary verbs are two types 1) Primary auxiliaries • To be – is ,are, am, was, were, been, being • To do – do, does, did • To have – has, have, had 2) Modal Auxiliaries – will, must, should , may

B) Ordinary verbs – to work, to play, to write etc. Use of ‘ To be’ 1) As an auxiliary verb – She is writing a letter. ( Active) He was punished by his teacher.( Passive)

2) As an ordinary/regular verb – She is a doctor. Rajesh was present. Kinds of verbs 1) Finite verbs 2) Non Finite verbs

Finite Verbs – Finite verbs has a subject of its own and is limited by the person and the number of the subject. She is playing chess. They were watching movie. a) Transitive verb – ‘Trans’ means ‘to move’; the action passes over the object. • She writes a letter. • He plays football. b) Intransitive verb – action doesn’t pass over to the object. It goes back to the subject. • She cried a lot. Non – finite verbs – Non finite verbs are not limited by the person and the number of the subject. They are used without mentioning any subject, a) Infinitive – She comes here to study. b) Gerund – We saw them watching football on the T.V. c) Participle – she likes reciting poems. NON – FINITE VERB

• Infinitive: The form “to+ verb” is called is infinitive. It works as a noun, adjective and adverb. Example: to see, to go, to eat, to learn etc.

• Gerund: The form “verb + ing” is called Gerund. Example: weeping, jumping, walking, watching etc.

• Participle Participle is of following types: Present participle: weeping, roaming, playing, writing, being done, being played, being lifted etc. Past participle: written, played, broken etc. Perfect participle: having seen, having finished, having played etc. Ten Golden Rules for Non – finite Verbs

Rule: 1. Present participle is used with verb of sensation: feel, see, hear, smell etc. Example: •He saw me carried cycle.(incorrect) •He saw me carrying cycle. (correct) •Teacher found Ram weep. (incorrect) •Teacher found Ram weeping.(correct) Rule: 2. Present participle is used if a subject performs one action after other. Example: •Wearing his shirt he came out of home.( correct) •Seen helicopter children came out of the class.(incorrect) •Seeing helicopter children came out of the class. (correct) Rule: 3. Rule: Present participle is used when subject performs simultaneously two tasks.Example: •Prime minister came out laughed. (incorrect) •Prime minister came out laughing.( correct) Rule: 4. Past participle is used as adjective.Example: •He is player of defeating team.(incorrect) •He is player of defeated team.(correct) Rule: 5. Past participle is used to express a problem.Example: •Being misguided he could not pass any bank exam. •Being thirsty Ram requested a glass of water. Rule: 6. Perfect participle is used when the first task has been finished before starting the second task.Example: •Having played cricket, Ram slept. •Having seen the film, Ajay refused to see again. Rule: 7. Direct infinitive (without “to”) is used after the following verbs: see, hear, let, make, etc.Example: •Ajay heard Ram to singing a song.(incorrect) •Ajay heard Ram singing a song.( correct) •Let the student to play in the playground.(incorrect) •Let the student play in the playground.(correct) •Teacher made student to write an essay. (incorrect) •Teacher made student write an essay.(correct) Rule: 8. Infinitive (to+verb) is used after following verbs: Prefer, Wish, Decide, Want, Choose, Appear, Forget, Continue etc.Example: •Ram promised giving me money.(incorrect) •Ram promised to give me money.(correct) •I have decided leave job.(incorrect) •I have decided to leave job.(correct) •She prefers coffee than tea.(incorrect) •She prefers coffee to tea. (correct) •Geeta wishes be rich.(incorrect) •Geeta wishes to be rich.( correct) •I want go London in the winter vacation.(incorrect) •I want to go London in the winter vacation.( correct) Rule: 9. Verb is put in the gerund form (verb+ ing) after possessive case. Possessive case: my, your, her, our etc. Example: •Teacher did not mind his come late in the class.( incorrect) •Teacher did not mind his coming late in the class.(correct) •Ram appreciates Rohan’s sing.(incorrect) •Ram appreciates Rohan’s singing.(correct) •We like your drive in the traffic.( incorrect) •We like your driving in the traffic.( correct) Rule: 10. Gerund (verb+ing ) is used after following verbs: Deny, Enjoy, Mind, Avoid, Stop, Admit etc.Example: •The thief denied steal necklace.( incorrect) •The thief denied stealing necklace.(correct) •The Director avoided to meet manager.(incorrect) •The director avoided meeting manager.(correct) •Ram stopped run fast on the track in the second lap.( incorrect) •Ram stopped running fast on the track in the second lap.( correct)

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