DOCSLIB.ORG

Climate Change Adaptation and Integrated Water Resources

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Climate Change Adaptation and Integrated Water Resources 1 Climate Change Adaptation and Integrated Water Resources Management UNDP partners with people at all levels of society to help build nations that can withstand crisis, and drive and sustain the kind of growth that improves the quality of life for everyone. On the ground in nearly 170 countries and territories, we offer global perspective and local insight to help empower lives and build resilient nations. Photo: Ezra Comeau Jeffrey 3 Foreword Water is critical for sustainable development and the eradication of poverty and hunger. Lack of access to safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene, as well as other water-related disasters, including scarcity and pollution, are increasing because of climate change. Today, every country on every continent is affected by climate change. It is burdening national economies and affecting lives, costing people, communities and countries significantly. This phenomenon will only escalate in the future. Sea levels are rising, weather events are becoming more extreme, and greenhouse gas emissions are now at their highest levels in history. Without action, the world’s average surface temperature is likely to surpass 3 degrees Celsius (ᵒC) in this century, and this will have the greatest impact on the poorest and most vulnerable people. There are, however, affordable and scalable solutions available to enable countries to develop more resilient economies. By implementing Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM), we can address climate change challenges, through a range of measures that will increase adaptation efforts. Water is the primary medium through which we suffer from the impacts of climate change, and IWRM can play a crucial role in how the world can adapt to climate change and reduce its effects. Improving our management of water today will prepare us to adapt tomorrow. This training material is intended to increase our understanding of climate change and to explore what we can do now. The most important immediate action concerns the way we manage our water resources. Enhanced understanding of our water resources will allow more efficient and flexible allocation systems and better-planned investment in infrastructure, both to improve access to water and reduce risks from climate change. In order to meet the 2030 Agenda, the Sustainable Development Goals are a call for action by all countries – poor, rich and middle-income – to promote prosperity while protecting the planet. They recognize that ending poverty must go hand in hand with strategies that build economic growth and address a range of social needs, while tackling climate change. We must act now – and this training package can help us to identify those actions. Our collaboration with WMO, UN Environment-DHI, IHE-Delft, REDICA and UNITAR provides the framework for this programme, and we are grateful for their support. Themba Gumbo Director, Cap-Net 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The partnership between Cap-Net, WMO, UN Environment-DHI, IHE-Delft, REDICA and UNITAR has been rewarding, and we would like to acknowledge the team for putting together this comprehensive training package. The team consisted of Erik de Ruyter van Steveninck of IHE-Delft, Lilliana Arrieta of REDICA, Gareth James Lloyd of UN Environment-DHI, Florian Thevenon of WaterLex, Josefina Ashipala of UNITAR, Ilaria Gallo of WMO, and Yasmina Rais El Fenni of Cap-Net who contributed to the Facilitators’ Guide and acted as coordinator. We would like to thank Florian and Josefina for sharing the role play presented in the Facilitators’ Guide. Extremely valuable feedback has been received from the participants of training courses held in various regions, who used the previous training package, and contributed through lessons learned and best practices. Cap-Net is an international network with a mission to strengthen individual and institutional knowledge, for sustainable water management at the local level. Established in 2002 as a global programme under the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Cap-Net is one of the delivery mechanisms in theWater and Ocean Governance Programme (WOGP) of UNDP, within the Sustainable Development Cluster of the Bureau for Policy and Programme Support (BPPS). WMO The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is an intergovernmental organization with a membership of 191 member States and territories. It originated from the International Meteorological Organization (IMO), which was founded in 1873. Established by the ratification of theWMO Conventionon 23 March 1950, WMO became the specialized agency of the United Nations for meteorology (weather and climate), operational hydrology and related geophysical sciences a year later. The Secretariat, headquartered in Geneva, is headed by the Secretary- General. Its supreme body is the World Meteorological Congress. UN Environment-DHI The UN Environment-DHI Partnership is a centre of expertise dedicated to improving the management, development and use of freshwater resources from the local to the global level. UN Environment-DHI is hosted at DHI, an independent, international consulting and research-based not-for-profit foundation of more than 1,000 employees, with offices in 30+ countries, and with more than 50 years of experience in water resource management. IHE-DELFT IHE-Delft Institute for Water Education is the largest international graduate water education facility in the world with a mission to work in partnership to strengthen capacity in the water sector to achieve global sustainable development. REDICA REDICA was founded in 1998 as a regional network to meet the economic, social, environmental and political changes that are affecting Central America and the need to mobilize national and regional capacities. REDICA was created as part of a framework for capacity development in sustainable development in Central America. REDICA members interact with local governments, technical organizations, non-governmental organizations related to water resources, and with vulnerable, rural, indigenous populations, as well as productive, industrial and agricultural sectors. Its mission is to articulate capabilities, resources and efforts in the region to improve the education, research, coverage, and service development and management of water resources, awareness of climate change and gender equity, as well as regional and bilateral cooperation with other regional and international organizations. UNITAR Established in 1963, the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), is an established UN body and a dedicated training arm of the UN system. it has the mandate to enhance the effectiveness of UN through diplomatic training, and to increase the impact of national actions through public awareness-raising, education and training of public policy officials. Acronyms ACR American Carbon Registry GEF Global Environment Facility ADAPT Assessment and Design for GFCS Global Framework for Climate Adaptation to Climate Change – Services A Prototype Model GHG Greenhouse Gas AF Adaptation Fund GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für AMOC Atlantic Meridional Overturning Internationale Zusammenarbeit Circulation GWP Global Water Partnership AR4 Fourth Assessment Report HCFC Hydrochlorofluorocarbon AR5 Fifth Assessment Report HEAT Hands-on Energy Adaptation CAR Climate Action Registry Toolkit CARE Cooperative for Assistance and HFC Hydrofluorocarbon Relief Everywhere HRWS Human Right to Water and CBA Cost Benefit Analysis Sanitation CCA Climate Change Adaptation H2O Water vapour CCAI Climate Change Adaptation ICESCR International Covenant on Initiative Economic, Social and Cultural CCAIRR Climate Change Adaptation Rights through Integrated Risk ICWE International Conference of Reduction Water and the Environment CC DARE Climate Change Adaptation and IDS Institute of Development Development Initiative Studies CDM Clean Development Mechanism IFI International Financial CEDRA Climate change and Environmental Institution Degradation Risk and Adaptation IHE Institute for Water Education assessment IISD International Institute for CH4 Methane Sustainable Development CO2 Carbon dioxide IMO International Meteorological CRiSTAL Community-based Risk Organization Screening Tool – Adaptation and INDC Intended Nationally Determined Livelihoods Contribution CVCA Climate Vulnerability and IPCC International Panel on Climate Capacity Analysis Change CVI Climate Vulnerability Index IUCN International Union for DDR Disaster Risk Reduction Conservation of Nature DFID Department for International IWRM Integrated Water Resources Development Management ENSO El Niño-Southern Oscillation KMFRI Kenya Marine and Fisheries ESMAP Energy Sector Management Research Institute Assistance Programme LDC Least Developed Country EU European Union LDCF Least Developed Countries Fund FDPI Flood Disaster Preparedness LEG Least Developed Countries Indices Expert Group GCF Green Climate Fund LiDAR Light Detection and Ranging GCM Global Circulation Model LNRA Lake Naivasha Riparian 7 Acronyms LOSU Level of Scientific Understanding UNECE United Nations Economic Authority Commission for Europe MCDA Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis UNEP United Nations Environment MRC Mekong River Commission Programme NAP National Adaptation Plan UNFCCC United Nations Framework NAPA National Adaptation Programme Convention on Climate Change of Action UNGA United Nations General NAZCA Non-State Actor Zone for Assembly Climate Action UNISDR United Nations International NDA National Designated Authority Strategy for Disaster Reduction NDC Nationally Determined UNITAR
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Santa Cruz County Coastal Climate Change Vulnerability Report
    Santa Cruz County Coastal Climate Change Vulnerability Report JUNE 2017 CENTRAL COAST WETLANDS GROUP MOSS LANDING MARINE LABS | 8272 MOSS LANDING RD, MOSS LANDING, CA Santa Cruz County Coastal Climate Change Vulnerability Report This page intentionally left blank Santa Cruz County Coastal Climate Change Vulnerability Report i Prepared by Central Coast Wetlands Group at Moss Landing Marine Labs Technical assistance provided by: ESA Revell Coastal The Nature Conservancy Center for Ocean Solutions Prepared for The County of Santa Cruz Funding Provided by: The California Ocean Protection Council Grant number C0300700 Santa Cruz County Coastal Climate Change Vulnerability Report ii Primary Authors: Central Coast Wetlands group Ross Clark Sarah Stoner-Duncan Jason Adelaars Sierra Tobin Kamille Hammerstrom Acknowledgements: California State Ocean Protection Council Abe Doherty Paige Berube Nick Sadrpour Santa Cruz County David Carlson City of Capitola Rich Grunow Coastal Conservation and Research Jim Oakden Science Team David Revell, Revell Coastal Bob Battalio, ESA James Gregory, ESA James Jackson, ESA GIS Layer support AMBAG Santa Cruz County Adapt Monterey Bay Kelly Leo, TNC Sarah Newkirk, TNC Eric Hartge, Center for Ocean Solution Santa Cruz County Coastal Climate Change Vulnerability Report iii Contents Contents Summary of Findings ........................................................................................................................ viii 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Chad's Breach of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
    Chad’s Breach of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: Failure to Protect the Rights of Women and Girls ABECHE, CHAD – This girl just arrived in Abeche for another fistula surgery attempt. At only 13 years of age, she suffered 3 days of labor in a remote village near the Sudan. Her resulting fistula led her to have 6 surgeries. © Micah Albert Prepared and submitted by the International Human Rights Law Society of Indiana University School of Law at Indianapolis, Indiana with the endorsement of the Program in International Human Rights of Indiana University School of Law at Indianapolis, Indiana Respectfully submitted to the United Nations Human Rights Committee on the occasion of its consideration of the First Periodic Report of Chad pursuant to Article 40 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Hearings of the United Nations Human Rights Committee New York City, U.S.A., 18-19 March 2009 © Program in International Human Rights Law, Indiana University School of Law at Indianapolis, March 2008 [THIS PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK] Chad’s ICCPR Breaches: Failure to Protect the Rights of Women and Girls Page 2 of 40 Author and Endorser of this Shadow Report Submitted to the United Nations Human Rights Committee on Chad’s Non-Compliance with the International Covenant on Civil & Political Rights The International Human Rights Law Society (IHRLS) is a student organization at Indiana University School of Law at Indianapolis that was formed to promote global justice and basic fundamental freedoms. Each year the IHRLS sponsors speakers and events and presents shadow reports to the United Nations Human Rights Committee through its cooperation with the Program in International Human Rights Law.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2013-2014
    The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston Arts, Fine of Museum The μ˙ μ˙ μ˙ The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston annual report 2013–2014 THE MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS, HOUSTON, WARMLY THANKS THE 1,183 DOCENTS, VOLUNTEERS, AND MEMBERS OF THE MUSEUM’S GUILD FOR THEIR EXTRAORDINARY DEDICATION AND COMMITMENT. ANNUAL REPORT ANNUAL 2013–2014 Cover: GIUSEPPE PENONE Italian, born 1947 Albero folgorato (Thunderstuck Tree), 2012 Bronze with gold leaf 433 1/16 x 96 3/4 x 79 in. (1100 x 245.7 x 200.7 cm) Museum purchase funded by the Caroline Wiess Law Accessions Endowment Fund 2014.728 While arboreal imagery has dominated Giuseppe Penone’s sculptures across his career, monumental bronzes of storm- blasted trees have only recently appeared as major themes in his work. Albero folgorato (Thunderstuck Tree), 2012, is the culmination of this series. Cast in bronze from a willow that had been struck by lightning, it both captures a moment in time and stands fixed as a profoundly evocative and timeless monument. ALG Opposite: LYONEL FEININGER American, 1871–1956 Self-Portrait, 1915 Oil on canvas 39 1/2 x 31 1/2 in. (100.3 x 80 cm) Museum purchase funded by the Caroline Wiess Law Accessions Endowment Fund 2014.756 Lyonel Feininger’s 1915 self-portrait unites the psychological urgency of German Expressionism with the formal structures of Cubism to reveal the artist’s profound isolation as a man in self-imposed exile, an American of German descent, who found himself an alien enemy living in Germany at the outbreak of World War I.
    [Show full text]
  • Coastal and Ocean Engineering
    May 18, 2020 Coastal and Ocean Engineering John Fenton Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management Vienna University of Technology, Karlsplatz 13/222, 1040 Vienna, Austria URL: http://johndfenton.com/ URL: mailto:[email protected] Abstract This course introduces maritime engineering, encompassing coastal and ocean engineering. It con- centrates on providing an understanding of the many processes at work when the tides, storms and waves interact with the natural and human environments. The course will be a mixture of descrip- tion and theory – it is hoped that by understanding the theory that the practicewillbemadeallthe easier. There is nothing quite so practical as a good theory. Table of Contents References ....................... 2 1. Introduction ..................... 6 1.1 Physical properties of seawater ............. 6 2. Introduction to Oceanography ............... 7 2.1 Ocean currents .................. 7 2.2 El Niño, La Niña, and the Southern Oscillation ........10 2.3 Indian Ocean Dipole ................12 2.4 Continental shelf flow ................13 3. Tides .......................15 3.1 Introduction ...................15 3.2 Tide generating forces and equilibrium theory ........15 3.3 Dynamic model of tides ...............17 3.4 Harmonic analysis and prediction of tides ..........19 4. Surface gravity waves ..................21 4.1 The equations of fluid mechanics ............21 4.2 Boundary conditions ................28 4.3 The general problem of wave motion ...........29 4.4 Linear wave theory .................30 4.5 Shoaling, refraction and breaking ............44 4.6 Diffraction ...................50 4.7 Nonlinear wave theories ...............51 1 Coastal and Ocean Engineering John Fenton 5. The calculation of forces on ocean structures ...........54 5.1 Structural element much smaller than wavelength – drag and inertia forces .....................54 5.2 Structural element comparable with wavelength – diffraction forces ..56 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Chesapeake Bay Cliff Erosion in Calvert County- and to Make Recommendations to the Board of County Commissioners on Issues Relating to Cliff Stabilization
    DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY PLANNING AND BUILDING INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM TO: Board of County Commissioners VIA: Terry Shannon, County Admini VIA: Thomas Barnett, Director / FROM: Dave Brownlee, Principal Environmental Pla ner DATE: May 7, 2014 SUBJECT: Final Report of the Cliff Stabilization Advisory Committee Background: The Cliff Stabilization Advisory Committee was established by the Board of County Commissioners in November 2010. Virginia (Ginger) Haskell, PhD was appointed chairperson. The Committee was charged with responding to the State Steering Committee Report, "Chesapeake Bay Cliff Erosion in Calvert County- and to make recommendations to the Board of County Commissioners on issues relating to cliff stabilization. The Committee is made up of residents representing Chesapeake Bay shoreline communities. Discussion: The Committee held monthly public meetings between January 2011 and June 2013. In an effort to educate the Committee and the community, the Committee invited geologists, biologists, engineers, academics and government officials to give presentations at 9 of their meetings. The Committee's final report (attached) has 17 recommendations and includes the response to the State Steering Committee Report (Appendix E). The Committee continued to meet between June 2013 and April 2014 to complete the report. Dr. Haskell will present the report to the Board of County Commissioners on May 13, 2014 (see attached PowerPoint). A list of the Committee members is given on pages 15-16 of the Final Report and on the last slide of the PowerPoint. Conclusion/Recommendation: Recommend that the BOCC review the Final Report and submit the Final Report to Department Heads to get feedback on implementation of the recommendations within the report.
    [Show full text]
  • HIV Prevalence Estimates
    HIV Prevalence Estimates from the Demographic and Health Surveys Updated July 2012 This report summarizes the HIV prevalence estimates provided by the MEASURE Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) project. The MEASURE DHS project is implemented by ICF International and funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID. This report was prepared by Erica Nybro and Bernard Barrere, ICF International. Recommended citation: ICF International. 2012. HIV Prevalence Estimates from the Demographic and Health Surveys. Calverton, Maryland: ICF International. For more information about the MEASURE DHS project, contact: ICF International 11785 Beltsville Drive Calverton, Maryland, 20705 USA Telephone: 301-572-0200 Fax: 301-572-0999 www.measuredhs.com email: [email protected] Photos: Photos used in this report are not necessarily of individuals living with HIV/AIDS. For a full list of photo credits and captions, see inside back cover. Table of Contents Introduction 1 Summary of Surveys with HIV Prevalence 2 HIV Testing in MEASURE DHS Surveys 3 National HIV Prevalence 4 National HIV Prevalence (map) 6 Subnational HIV Prevalence (map) 7 HIV Prevalence by Sex 8 HIV Prevalence by Residence 10 HIV Prevalence by Age 12 HIV Prevalence among Children and Older Adults 13 HIV Prevalence among Youth 14 HIV Prevalence by Education 16 HIV Prevalence by Wealth 17 HIV Prevalence by Marital Status 18 HIV Prevalence by Number of Sexual Partners 19 HIV Prevalence among Couples 20 Understanding Trends in HIV Prevalence: Tanzania Case Study 21 Trends in HIV Prevalence 22 Trends in HIV Prevalence among Youth 24 Conclusions 25 Photo Credits 26 Data included in this report This report includes data from MEASURE MEASURE DHS began including HIV testing in DHS surveys.
    [Show full text]
  • The IPU Resolution on Women's and Children's Health
    The IPU Resolution on Women’s and Children’s Health: An Initial Framework for Accountability Reporting INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION Executive summary This report highlights the results from the first review of parliamentary efforts in implementing the IPU resolution of April 2012: ‘Access to health as a basic right: The role of parliaments in addressing key challenges to securing the health of women and children.’ It is based on the evidence shared by a small group of randomly selected parliaments and organizations to provide an overview of the type of actions being taken by parliaments, and to establish a process for future reporting on the implementation of the IPU resolution. Although the survey sample is small, it is representative of a significant group of parliaments and provides an indication of opinions and general trends. Participating parliaments were mostly drawn from Africa where maternal and child death rates are highest, but also from other regions, including those from two developed countries. They were Bangladesh, Canada, Ghana, Kenya, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Sweden, Uganda, Zimbabwe, the East African Legislative Assembly and the Pan-African Parliament. The survey asked 40 questions about parliamentary activity on Maternal, Newborn & Child Health (MNCH) in key areas such as Political will, Awareness, Representation/Advocacy, Oversight, Legislation and Budget. The questions drilled down into topics such as determinants of health, gender equality, and accessibility and quality of health services. The efforts of participating parliaments were considered in relation to Photo: © UNICEF/RWAA2011-00386/Shehzad Noorani the commitments detailed in the IPU resolution. The survey also A female health worker performs antenatal draws on the contributions of non-parliamentary organizations, check up of a pregnant woman at a UNICEF including the Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health, supported MCH clinic (Maternal and Child) in UNFPA, WHO and World Vision International.
    [Show full text]
  • North Sheppey Erosion Study Volume 1: Coastal
    NORTH SHEPPEY EROSION STUDY VOLUME 1: COASTAL ADAPTATION STUDY Client: Consultant: Swale Borough Council Engineering Services Swale House, Canterbury City Council East Street, Military Road Sittingbourne, Canterbury, ME10 3HT CT1 1YW OCTOBER 2011 Canterbury City Council Engineering Services 0 LIST OF CONTENTS Page VOLUME 1: COASTAL ADAPTATION STUDY Executive Summary 3 1. Background 4 2. Description of site 6 3. Higher level plans 25 4. Historical and Coastal Evolution 31 5. Geology and Morphology 34 6. Aerial photography 36 7. Lidar Airborne laser scanning 37 8. Historic Ordnance Survey Records 39 9. Parameters 40 10. Management of Coastal Erosion Options 50 11. Do Nothing Scenario 62 12. Economic Appraisal 65 13. Environmental Assessment 67 14. Monitoring and Public Warning 69 15. Consultation 71 16. Recommendations and Implementation 72 References 75 List of Photographs Photo 1- The Leas looking west 7 Photo 2- East End of Minster 11 Photo 3- Minster cliffs and sea defences looking west 14 Photo 4- Fly tipping near Royal Oak Point, cliffs highly vegetated. 15 Photo 5- View from Redcot Caravan Park looking across to Lazy Days park 16 Photo 6- Redcot caravan park 16 Photo 7- Looking West from Ashcroft caravan park 17 Photo 8- Barrows Brook 18 Photo 9- Recent mud run at Ashcroft caravan park 19 Photo 10-Warden Point west of Warden Springs 20 Photo 11- Looking east towards Warden Point 20 Photo 12- Rock armour at Warden Bay revetment looking west 23 Photo 13- Rear scarp of recent slide Cliff Drive, Warden Bay 23 Photo 14- Land slide at Warden Point November 1971 43 Photo 15- Cliff warning sign 70 List of Tables 35 Table 1- Geological Details Table 2- Average Future Erosion for England and Wales 41 Table 3- Historic and predicted future erosion rates 42 Table 4- Recorded land slide history 44 Table 5- Relative sea level rise from UKCP09 47 Table 6- Recommended contingency allowances for net sea level rise PPS25 48 Table 7- Property adaptation, financial options 61 Table 8- Summary of impacts resulting from a do nothing scenario.
    [Show full text]
  • Chesapeake Bay Cliff Erosion in Calvert County Draft Steering Committee Report
    Chesapeake Bay Cliff Erosion in Calvert County Draft Steering Committee Report Calvert County Maryland Department of Natural Resources Maryland Department of the Environment United States Army Corps of Engineers United States Fish and Wildlife Service Maryland Emergency Management Agency October 26, 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 4 II. THE STEERING COMMITTEE 5 III. OVERVIEW 5 A. The Cliffs in Calvert County 5 1. Homes on the Cliffs 2. Soil Erosion 3. Calvert County Zoning – Building Restrictions 4. Efforts to Address Soil Erosion B. Considerations 8 1. Geology 2. Engineering 3. The Puritan Tiger Beetle III. SHORT­TERM POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS 10 A. Site Characterization 10 1. Soil Composition 2. Shoreline Structures 3. Degree of Slope 4. Soil Erosion at the Bank 5. Vegetative Cover 6. Puritan Tiger Beetle Habitat 7. Other Data 8. Characterization B. Assessment of Properties at Highest Potential Immediate Risk 13 1. Ryan and Associates 2. International Residential Code 3. Site‐Specific Analysis C. Potential Short­Term Solutions 14 1. MEMA/FEMA Funding 2. The County MEMA/FEMA Application 2 3. Implementation IV. MEDIUM­TERM POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS 17 A. Engineering 17 1. Cliff Stabilization 2. Shoreline Stabilization. B. Impacts on the Puritan Tiger Beetle 18 1. The Regulatory Framework 2. Population Viability Analysis 3. Minimization and Mitigation 4. FWS and DNR Assistance V. LONG­TERM POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS 19 VI. CONCLUSION 20 VII. REFERENCES 20 3 I. INTRODUCTION Following a February 20, 2010 Town Hall meeting in Calvert County, state, federal and county agencies formed a Steering Committee to study and develop recommendations to address the impact of shoreline erosion on houses located near the eroding cliffs in Calvert County.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Justice in Kenya: a Critical Analysis
    ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE IN KENYA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS by MAUREEN K NDETHIU Submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of MASTER OF LAWS at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: PROFESSOR M BEUKES FEBRUARY 2018 DECLARATION Student Number: 3508-052-3 I, MAUREEN K NDETHIU, declare that ‘ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE IN KENYA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS’ is my own work and that all the sources I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. 2018-02-27 Signature……………………………… Date..................................... Ndethiu M K i ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE IN KENYA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS Environmental justice, a new but rapidly developing concept in international environmental law, arose in the United States of America during the Environmental Justice Movement of the late 1970s and 1980s. It starkly highlighted injustices faced by people of colour and low-income communities as regards racially skewed environmental legal protection and allocation of environmental risks. The movement radically changed the meaning of ‘environment’ from its conventional green overtones to include issues of social justice at the core of environmental thinking. I critically examine the concept of environmental justice in the Kenyan context by highlighting the injustices, and the formulation and application of laws and policies that significantly impact on environmental regulation and equitable distribution of social services. ii KEY TERMS Modern environmentalism; international environmental law; environmental principles; anthropocentrism; sustainable development; environmental justice; United States of America (USA); vulnerable and marginalised persons; human rights. iii DEDICATION To Leon and Lynn, may the achievement in this work give you a headlight to see a world of possibilities in everything you set your hearts and minds to do and to the reformists, who place their lives and families on the line so that those on the margins of society can live in dignity, justice, and hope for brighter days.
    [Show full text]
  • Managing Climate Change Hazards in Coastal Areas
    CATALOGUE OF HAZARD MANAGEMENT OPTIONS CI-12 CI-11 CI-10 TSR CI-9 CI-8 PL-1 PL-2 PL-3 CI-7 PL-4 CI-6 PL-5 4 4 3 PL-6 CI-5 2 4 2 4 3 PL-7 CI-4 4 4 PL-8 2 4 4 3 3 PL-9 4 3 2 3 2 3 CI-3 3 3 3 2 PL-10 2 2 3 3 2 3 CI-2 4 2 3 3 4 PL-11 4 3 4 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 1 PL-12 CI-1 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 3 3 3 4 4 3 2 3 PL-13 2 3 3 4 2 1 1 3 3 2 R-4 3 4 3 4 4 Tidal inlet/Sand spit/River mouth 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 4 3 3 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 PL-14 R-3 3 4 4 4 2 2 4 3 4 3 4 2 3 3 PL-15 R-2 1 3 4 4 N Y N 4 2 4 4 Y N Y Y N 4 2 3 3 3 PL-16 R-1 1 2 4 N Y N 2 4 Y Y 4 2 2 2 PL-17 1 1 1 4 4 N N 2 FR-22 Y Y 4 4 3 2 3 1 2 1 2 4 N N PL-18 FR-21 1 4 Y Y 4 2 2 3 1 1 N N 2 2 1 2 4 2 2 3 3 PL-19 FR-20 1 Y Sur B/D Sur Y 2 4 3 3 1 1 A B/D B/D N 2 PL-20 2 Sur Sur 4 1 FR-19 1 3 1 A B/D Y 4 2 2 2 A B/D N 4 3 1 PL-21 1 3 4 Sur Sur 2 2 3 FR-18 3 2 A Y 2 3 1 3 4 B/D N 2 PL-22 2 N B B/D 2 3 2 FR-17 2 3 NB Y 4 3 1 3 Y Sur 4 2 PL-23 2 3 N B Any N 3 FR-16 3 3 NB Any Any 4 1 1 Y Any Intermit B/D Y 4 3 2 PL-24 2 2 1 2 1 FR-15 3 Any Any marsh N 2 BA-1 2 1 N Intermit Sur 2 4 2 C 2 4 3 2 3 Y Any mangr Y 2 FR-14 2 4 A 4 BA-2 3 Marsh/ B/D N 2 3 2 4 N C Any Any 1 3 1 Any Any Any tidal at Y 3 FR-13 2 3 Y 1 2 4 BA-3 3 4 M/M Any Sur 3 1 Micro N 4 BA-4 FR-12 2 3 N B Mangr/ 1 1 3 2 4 No Any B/D 2 2 2 2 Y tidal at Y 1 1 BA-5 FR-11 3 1 P Ex Meso/ 3 4 3 N NB Mx Mx N 4 2 2 3 Any Ex macro Sur 2 3 1 C A Y 3 BA-6 FR-10 Y P Any 3 3 2 1 2 B 2 3 3 1 B/D N N P Coral Any 4 3 3 BA-7 FR-9 3 1 R 2 2 2 3 1 NB Any Any isl Sediment Y Y Ex Any Sur 2 2 2 1 2 BA-8 FR-8 2 2 2 3 4 Mx plain Any N N Flat Mx B Y 4 4 4 3 4 BA-9 FR-7 3 2
    [Show full text]
  • Managing Climate Change Hazards in Coastal Areas
    MAIN MANUAL CI-12 CI-11 CI-10 TSR CI-9 CI-8 PL-1 PL-2 PL-3 CI-7 PL-4 CI-6 PL-5 4 4 3 PL-6 CI-5 2 4 2 4 3 PL-7 CI-4 4 4 PL-8 2 4 4 3 3 PL-9 4 3 2 3 2 3 CI-3 3 3 3 2 PL-10 2 2 3 3 2 3 CI-2 4 2 3 3 4 PL-11 4 3 4 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 1 PL-12 CI-1 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 3 3 3 4 4 3 2 3 PL-13 2 3 3 4 2 1 1 3 3 2 R-4 3 4 3 4 4 Tidal inlet/Sand spit/River mouth 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 4 3 3 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 PL-14 R-3 3 4 4 4 2 2 4 3 4 3 4 2 3 3 PL-15 R-2 1 3 4 4 N Y N 4 2 4 4 Y N Y Y N 4 2 3 3 3 PL-16 R-1 1 2 4 N Y N 2 4 Y Y 4 2 2 2 PL-17 1 1 1 4 4 N N 2 FR-22 Y Y 4 4 3 2 3 1 2 1 2 4 N N PL-18 FR-21 1 4 Y Y 4 2 2 3 1 1 N N 2 2 1 2 4 2 2 3 3 PL-19 FR-20 1 Y Sur B/D Sur Y 2 4 3 3 1 1 A B/D B/D N 2 PL-20 2 Sur Sur 4 1 FR-19 1 3 1 A B/D Y 4 2 2 2 A B/D N 4 3 1 PL-21 1 3 4 Sur Sur 2 2 3 FR-18 3 2 A Y 2 3 1 3 4 B/D N 2 PL-22 2 N B B/D 2 3 2 FR-17 2 3 NB Y 4 3 1 3 Y Sur 4 2 PL-23 2 3 N B Any N 3 FR-16 3 3 NB Any Any 4 1 1 Y Any Intermit B/D Y 4 3 2 PL-24 2 2 1 2 1 FR-15 3 Any Any marsh N 2 BA-1 2 1 N Intermit Sur 2 4 2 C 2 4 3 2 3 Y Any mangr Y 2 FR-14 2 4 A 4 BA-2 3 Marsh/ B/D N 2 3 2 4 N C Any Any 1 3 1 Any Any Any tidal at Y 3 FR-13 2 3 Y 1 2 4 BA-3 3 4 M/M Any Sur 3 1 Micro N 4 BA-4 FR-12 2 3 N B Mangr/ 1 1 3 2 4 No Any B/D 2 2 2 2 Y tidal at Y 1 1 BA-5 FR-11 3 1 P Ex Meso/ 3 4 3 N NB Mx Mx N 4 2 2 3 Any Ex macro Sur 2 3 1 C A Y 3 BA-6 FR-10 Y P Any 3 3 2 1 2 B 2 3 3 1 B/D N N P Coral Any 4 3 3 BA-7 FR-9 3 1 R 2 2 2 3 1 NB Any Any isl Sediment Y Y Ex Any Sur 2 2 2 1 2 BA-8 FR-8 2 2 2 3 4 Mx plain Any N N Flat Mx B Y 4 4 4 3 4 BA-9 FR-7 3 2 2 3 4 Y hard rock B/D Barrier
    [Show full text]