1 Climate Change Adaptation and Integrated Water Resources Management UNDP partners with people at all levels of society to help build nations that can withstand crisis, and drive and sustain the kind of growth that improves the quality of life for everyone. On the ground in nearly 170 countries and territories, we offer global perspective and local insight to help empower lives and build resilient nations. Photo: Ezra Comeau Jeffrey 3 Foreword Water is critical for sustainable development and the eradication of poverty and hunger. Lack of access to safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene, as well as other water-related disasters, including scarcity and pollution, are increasing because of climate change. Today, every country on every continent is affected by climate change. It is burdening national economies and affecting lives, costing people, communities and countries significantly. This phenomenon will only escalate in the future. Sea levels are rising, weather events are becoming more extreme, and greenhouse gas emissions are now at their highest levels in history. Without action, the world’s average surface temperature is likely to surpass 3 degrees Celsius (ᵒC) in this century, and this will have the greatest impact on the poorest and most vulnerable people. There are, however, affordable and scalable solutions available to enable countries to develop more resilient economies. By implementing Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM), we can address climate change challenges, through a range of measures that will increase adaptation efforts. Water is the primary medium through which we suffer from the impacts of climate change, and IWRM can play a crucial role in how the world can adapt to climate change and reduce its effects. Improving our management of water today will prepare us to adapt tomorrow. This training material is intended to increase our understanding of climate change and to explore what we can do now. The most important immediate action concerns the way we manage our water resources. Enhanced understanding of our water resources will allow more efficient and flexible allocation systems and better-planned investment in infrastructure, both to improve access to water and reduce risks from climate change. In order to meet the 2030 Agenda, the Sustainable Development Goals are a call for action by all countries – poor, rich and middle-income – to promote prosperity while protecting the planet. They recognize that ending poverty must go hand in hand with strategies that build economic growth and address a range of social needs, while tackling climate change. We must act now – and this training package can help us to identify those actions. Our collaboration with WMO, UN Environment-DHI, IHE-Delft, REDICA and UNITAR provides the framework for this programme, and we are grateful for their support. Themba Gumbo Director, Cap-Net 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The partnership between Cap-Net, WMO, UN Environment-DHI, IHE-Delft, REDICA and UNITAR has been rewarding, and we would like to acknowledge the team for putting together this comprehensive training package. The team consisted of Erik de Ruyter van Steveninck of IHE-Delft, Lilliana Arrieta of REDICA, Gareth James Lloyd of UN Environment-DHI, Florian Thevenon of WaterLex, Josefina Ashipala of UNITAR, Ilaria Gallo of WMO, and Yasmina Rais El Fenni of Cap-Net who contributed to the Facilitators’ Guide and acted as coordinator. We would like to thank Florian and Josefina for sharing the role play presented in the Facilitators’ Guide. Extremely valuable feedback has been received from the participants of training courses held in various regions, who used the previous training package, and contributed through lessons learned and best practices. Cap-Net is an international network with a mission to strengthen individual and institutional knowledge, for sustainable water management at the local level. Established in 2002 as a global programme under the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Cap-Net is one of the delivery mechanisms in theWater and Ocean Governance Programme (WOGP) of UNDP, within the Sustainable Development Cluster of the Bureau for Policy and Programme Support (BPPS). WMO The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is an intergovernmental organization with a membership of 191 member States and territories. It originated from the International Meteorological Organization (IMO), which was founded in 1873. Established by the ratification of theWMO Conventionon 23 March 1950, WMO became the specialized agency of the United Nations for meteorology (weather and climate), operational hydrology and related geophysical sciences a year later. The Secretariat, headquartered in Geneva, is headed by the Secretary- General. Its supreme body is the World Meteorological Congress. UN Environment-DHI The UN Environment-DHI Partnership is a centre of expertise dedicated to improving the management, development and use of freshwater resources from the local to the global level. UN Environment-DHI is hosted at DHI, an independent, international consulting and research-based not-for-profit foundation of more than 1,000 employees, with offices in 30+ countries, and with more than 50 years of experience in water resource management. IHE-DELFT IHE-Delft Institute for Water Education is the largest international graduate water education facility in the world with a mission to work in partnership to strengthen capacity in the water sector to achieve global sustainable development. REDICA REDICA was founded in 1998 as a regional network to meet the economic, social, environmental and political changes that are affecting Central America and the need to mobilize national and regional capacities. REDICA was created as part of a framework for capacity development in sustainable development in Central America. REDICA members interact with local governments, technical organizations, non-governmental organizations related to water resources, and with vulnerable, rural, indigenous populations, as well as productive, industrial and agricultural sectors. Its mission is to articulate capabilities, resources and efforts in the region to improve the education, research, coverage, and service development and management of water resources, awareness of climate change and gender equity, as well as regional and bilateral cooperation with other regional and international organizations. UNITAR Established in 1963, the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), is an established UN body and a dedicated training arm of the UN system. it has the mandate to enhance the effectiveness of UN through diplomatic training, and to increase the impact of national actions through public awareness-raising, education and training of public policy officials. Acronyms ACR American Carbon Registry GEF Global Environment Facility ADAPT Assessment and Design for GFCS Global Framework for Climate Adaptation to Climate Change – Services A Prototype Model GHG Greenhouse Gas AF Adaptation Fund GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für AMOC Atlantic Meridional Overturning Internationale Zusammenarbeit Circulation GWP Global Water Partnership AR4 Fourth Assessment Report HCFC Hydrochlorofluorocarbon AR5 Fifth Assessment Report HEAT Hands-on Energy Adaptation CAR Climate Action Registry Toolkit CARE Cooperative for Assistance and HFC Hydrofluorocarbon Relief Everywhere HRWS Human Right to Water and CBA Cost Benefit Analysis Sanitation CCA Climate Change Adaptation H2O Water vapour CCAI Climate Change Adaptation ICESCR International Covenant on Initiative Economic, Social and Cultural CCAIRR Climate Change Adaptation Rights through Integrated Risk ICWE International Conference of Reduction Water and the Environment CC DARE Climate Change Adaptation and IDS Institute of Development Development Initiative Studies CDM Clean Development Mechanism IFI International Financial CEDRA Climate change and Environmental Institution Degradation Risk and Adaptation IHE Institute for Water Education assessment IISD International Institute for CH4 Methane Sustainable Development CO2 Carbon dioxide IMO International Meteorological CRiSTAL Community-based Risk Organization Screening Tool – Adaptation and INDC Intended Nationally Determined Livelihoods Contribution CVCA Climate Vulnerability and IPCC International Panel on Climate Capacity Analysis Change CVI Climate Vulnerability Index IUCN International Union for DDR Disaster Risk Reduction Conservation of Nature DFID Department for International IWRM Integrated Water Resources Development Management ENSO El Niño-Southern Oscillation KMFRI Kenya Marine and Fisheries ESMAP Energy Sector Management Research Institute Assistance Programme LDC Least Developed Country EU European Union LDCF Least Developed Countries Fund FDPI Flood Disaster Preparedness LEG Least Developed Countries Indices Expert Group GCF Green Climate Fund LiDAR Light Detection and Ranging GCM Global Circulation Model LNRA Lake Naivasha Riparian 7 Acronyms LOSU Level of Scientific Understanding UNECE United Nations Economic Authority Commission for Europe MCDA Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis UNEP United Nations Environment MRC Mekong River Commission Programme NAP National Adaptation Plan UNFCCC United Nations Framework NAPA National Adaptation Programme Convention on Climate Change of Action UNGA United Nations General NAZCA Non-State Actor Zone for Assembly Climate Action UNISDR United Nations International NDA National Designated Authority Strategy for Disaster Reduction NDC Nationally Determined UNITAR