Religiosity and Devotion in Educational Actions
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Selected Records Related to A.C. Cuza and the National Christian Party RG-25.059M
Selected records related to A.C. Cuza and the National Christian Party RG-25.059M United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Archives 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place SW Washington, DC 20024-2126 Tel. (202) 479-9717 e-mail: [email protected] Descriptive summary Title: Selected records related to A.C. Cuza and the National Christian Party Dates: 1834-1948 (inclusive) 1934-1943 (bulk) Accession number: 2009.267 Creator: Partidul Naţional Creştin. Liga Apărării Naţional Creştine Extent: 7,535 digital images 7 microfilm reels (digitized) Repository: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Archives, 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place SW, Washington, DC 20024-2126 Languages: Romanian Scope and content of collection Contains records relating to A. C. Cuza, a leading anti-Semite in Romania and the leader of the National Christian Party (PNC) which was in power December 1937 to February 1938. Also contains records relating to Istrate Micescu, the Justice Minister of the PNC administration. Administrative Information Restrictions on access: No restrictions on access. Restrictions on reproduction and use: Restrictions on use. Fair use only. Use only for scientific purposes (not for commercial use) Preferred citation: Preferred citation for USHMM archival collections; consult the USHMM website for guidance. Acquisition information: Source of acquisition is the Arhivele Naţionale ale României (Romanian National Archives), Fond personal A.C. Cuza (inv. 1139) and Fond personal Istrate Miscescu. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Archives received the collection via the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum International Archives Program in November, 2009. Existence and location of originals: Arhivele Naţionale ale României Historical note The National-Christian Defense League (Romanian: Liga Apararii National Crestine or LANC) was a virulently anti-Semitic political party of Romania formed by A. -
The “CHRISTIAN NATIONALISM” of Nichifor Crainic
The “CHRISTIAN NATIONALISM” of Nichifor Crainic reflected in his work from the th4 decade of the 20th century Iuliu-Marius Morariu The “CHRISTIAN NATIONALISM” of Nichifor Crainic reflected in his work from the th4 decade of the 20th century Presa Universitară Clujeană 2020 Referenți științifici: Prof. Univ. Dr. Inocent-Mária Vladimír Szaniszló OP, Universitatea Pontificală Angelicum, Roma Pr. Lect. Univ. Dr. Daniel Aron Alic, Universitatea „Eftimie Murgu”, Reșița Design: Dan G. Văscu © 2020. Autorul volumului. Toate drepturile rezervate. Reproducerea integrală sau parțială a textului, prin orice mijloace, fără acordul autorului, este interzisă și se pedep- sește conform legii. ISBN 978-606-37-0819-0 Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai Presa Universitară Clujeană Director: Codruța Săcelean Str. Hasdeu nr. 51 400371 Cluj-Napoca, România Tel./Fax: (+40) – 264 – 597. 401 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.editura.ubbcluj.ro/ Iuliu-Marius Morariu (hieromonk Maxim) is an Orthodox priest, PhD in Orthodox Theology in “Babeș-Bolyai” University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and a PhD. Candidate in Social Sciences in Angelicum Pontifical University in Rome. He graduated as a vale- dictorian the Faculty of Orthodox Theology from the aforemen- tioned University in Cluj-Napoca (BA in 2014, MA in 2016) and also the Faculty of History and Philosophy there (BA in 2014, MA, 2016). He also graduated the Ecumenical Institute in Bossey, Ge- neva University (2018) and received a MA title in Social Sciences in Angelicum Pontifical University in Rome (2020). He published, edited, coordinated and translated 26 books, more than 300 stud- ies and articles in Romania and abroad and more than 150 book reviews. -
The Legion of the Archangel Michael: the Past and Present Appeal of Decentralized Fascism
Providence College DigitalCommons@Providence History & Classics Undergraduate Theses History & Classics Fall 2020 The Legion of the Archangel Michael: The Past and Present Appeal of Decentralized Fascism Andrew Bennet Gillen Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.providence.edu/history_undergrad_theses Part of the Cultural History Commons, European History Commons, and the Political History Commons The Legion of the Archangel Michael: The Past and Present Appeal of Decentralized Fascism By Andrew Bennet Gillen HIS 490 History Honors Thesis Department of History Providence College Fall 2020 ii CONTENTS INTRODUCTION. NEW APPEAL ………………………………… 1 CHAPTER 1. IDEAOLOGY OF THE IRON GUARD……………...13 CHAPTER 2. FITTING IN: 1931-41…………………………………37 CONCLUSION. COMPARISONS……………………………………52 BIBLIOGRPAHY……………………………………………………...69 iii INTRODUCTION: NEW APPEAL In August of 2017, far right groups of the United States of America, such as the Proud Boys, Christogenea, Vanguard America, and the Global Crusader Knights, among others, gathered in an unprecedented fashion at Charlottesville, Virginia.1 These groups believed that they were given the power to avert the changes of more liberal forces in the country. One of the organizers of the event, Matthew Heimbach, wore a shirt depicting Corneliu Codreanu.2 Codreanu was the charismatic founder, and to some extent heart and soul, of the Legion of the Archangel Michael (LAM), or the Iron Guard, as it was frequently referred to in the English speaking world,the main fascist force in Romanian politics -
Roots of Romanian Antisemitism
BACKGROUND AND PRECURSORS TO THE HOLOCAUST Roots of Romanian Antisemitism The League of National Christian Defense and Iron Guard Antisemitism The Antisemitic Policies of the Goga Government and of the Royal Dictatorship The Roots of Romanian Antisemitism The roots of Romanian antisemitism are intertwined with the origins of the modern Romanian state and the emergence of the rich national cultural tradition that accompanied unification of the principalities, independence, and the creation of Greater Romania. The antisemitism that manifested itself in Romania between the two world wars grew directly from seeds sewn at the major turning points of the country’s development starting in the mid- nineteenth century. For reasons that may have differed from person to person or group to group, strong antisemitic currents were present in various forms and with varying intensity in the political, cultural and spiritual life of Romanian society for most of the century that preceded the accession to power of the National Christian Party in 1937, the installation of the Royal Dictatorship in 1938, and the Antonescu-Iron Guard National Legionary State in 1940—that is, for most of the century that culminated in the Holocaust. The antisemitic actions of that succession of governments drew inspiration from antisemitic themes that had entered the Romanian lexicon of ideas long before the 1930s and long before the Nazi rise to influence and then power in Germany. While each of these three governing configurations mixed the essential elements of widespread antisemitic concepts somewhat differently—leaning more or less heavily on certain themes, perhaps adding to native concepts notions adapted from non-Romanian antisemitic expression, and advocating sometimes greater and sometimes lesser violence to accomplish their goals—they all represented essential continuity with Romanian antisemitic ideas that had their origins in the pre-World War I era. -
Corporatism in the Romanian Tradition: Top-Down and Bottom-Up Lineages Rizescu, Victor
www.ssoar.info Corporatism in the Romanian Tradition: Top-down and Bottom-up Lineages Rizescu, Victor Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Rizescu, V. (2017). Corporatism in the Romanian Tradition: Top-down and Bottom-up Lineages. Sfera Politicii, 25(3-4), 49-58. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-74675-6 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-SA Lizenz (Namensnennung- This document is made available under a CC BY-SA Licence Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen) zur Verfügung gestellt. (Attribution-ShareAlike). For more Information see: Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.de Sfera Politicii Corporatism in the Romanian Tradition: Top-down and Bottom-up Lineages VICTOR RIZESCU [The University of Bucharest] Abstract he corporatist theory ex- posed by Mihail Manoilescu The article traces the beginnings of T most consistently in his Le corporatist advocacy and politics in siècle du corporatisme of 1934 is deemed interwar Romania to two distinct – to lack a genuine tradition behind it. however interrelated – paths of International scholarship has referred to development: the top-down one, of it as pertaining essentially to the intel- ideological imports from the milieus of lectual context of contemporary Europe the rising right-wing political regimes as a whole – and as mainly addressed to with corporatist credentials, primarily foreign audiences – , denying to it any that of fascist Italy; and the bottom- national roots of significance1 (other- up one, leading from the grass-roots wise relying heavily on it for the sake of associational structures with petty forging the neo-corporatist theorizing entrepreneurial and white collar meant to diagnose and advocate pecu- constituencies – themselves placed at liar welfare arrangements of the post- the crossroads of the changing, and war world2). -
Emanuel CĂȘVEAN Social and Political
Emanuel CĂȘVEAN Social and Political Nationalism of the Romanian Interwar Period and its Philosophical Origins – Nichifor Crainic in the Light of Far-Right Ultra-Nationalism – Emanuel CĂȘVEAN Faculty of Orthodox Theology, "Babeş-Bolyai" University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Abstract. This article tries to set the basis of a discussion regarding the link between Nichifor Crainic’s philosophical, theological, and political thought & work (in view of his ethnographic state as a mandatory solution for the shaping of the interwar Romanian society) based on a Christian-orthodox fundamental belief, and the emergence of a powerful Romanian extreme right movement during same period of time – not excluding from the discussion Crainic’s direct or indirect influence in this case. Our proposal is to pinpoint the link between the emergence of Crainic’s philosophical and political convictions to a preexistent substratum of intertwining between fundamental nationalism, cultural, popular, or religious beliefs, a type of intolerance, and the acceptance of the foreigner among Romanian traditional communities. Keywords: Ethnocratic state, social Darwinism, gândirism (Romanian philosophical movement derived from the word „‟thinking‟‟ and the homonym magazine), autochthony, neo-orthodoxy, militant nationalism, militant orthodoxy, legionary movement. The Romanian interwar period represents, to say the least, an "interesting" moment in the geopolitical, social, cultural and economic history of Romania and, all the more so, a period of ebullition/tumult at the level -
Holocaustul Gogoriţa Diabolică
FUNDAŢIA ACADEMIA DACOROMÂNĂ „Tempus DacoRomânia ComTerra“ Vasile I. Zărnescu HOLOCAUSTUL GOGORIŢA DIABOLICĂ 1 S.C. TEMPUS DACOROMÂNIA COMTERRA S.R.L. Bucureşti, Drumul Taberei nr.26/119; Tel.: 4 0214138434; 0722972522, [email protected], O.P. - 58, C.P. - 14, Cod poştal 061355; www.tempusdacoromania.ro, www.academiadacoromana.ro Copyright 2014 All rights reserved Vasile I. Zărnescu Coperta: Vasile I. Zărnescu Culegere şi tehnoredactare: Vasile I. Zărnescu Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naţionale a României Vasile I. Zărnescu, Holocaustul – gogoriţa diabolică / Zărnescu, Vasile I., - Bucureşti: Editura Dacoromână TDC, 2014 ISBN 978-606-601-061-0 Toate drepturile şi răspunderea asupra textului aparţin autorului. T E M P U S D A C O R O M Â N I A C O M T E R R A - o editură dacoromânească pentru timpul dumneavoastră ! Printed in DacoRomânia 2 VASILE I. ZĂRNESCU HOLOCAUSTUL GOGORIŢA DIABOLICĂ Bucureşti 2014 3 Vasile I. ZĂRNESCU s-a născut la 24 februarie 1947, în satul Mihai Viteazul, comuna Vlad Ţepeş, Judeţul Călăraşi. Este de naţionalitate română şi de religie ortodoxă. Este căsătorit şi are doi copii: o fată studentă la U.A.T.C. şi un băiat student la Facultatea de informatică managerială. Este absolvent al Facultăţii de filozofie, secţia sociologie. Politologul Ovidiu Trăsnea i-a fost conducător ştiinţific al diplomei de licenţă. A lucrat ca sociolog-principal la Întreprinderea de Confecţii şi Tricotaje Bucureşti – I.C.T.B. (1972-1989), de unde a fost concediat cu art. 64, lit “t“ din Legea 5/1978 republicată în 1982 – articol introdus special contra oponenţilor regimului; apoi a lucrat la Oficiul de relaţii publice al Televiziunii Române – TVR (1990-1991) şi, în final, ca ofiţer analist- sintezist în cadrul Serviciului Român de Informaţii (1991-2002), de unde a fost trecut în rezervă cu gradul de colonel. -
Final Report
INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON THE HOLOCAUST IN ROMANIA FINAL REPORT www.polirom.ro Editura POLIROM Ia[i, B-dul Carol I nr. 4, P.O. BOX 266, 700506 Bucure[ti, B-dul I.C. Br\tianu nr. 6, et. 7, ap. 33, O.P. 37, P.O. BOX 1-728, 030174 Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Na]ionale a României: INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON THE HOLOCAUST IN ROMANIA (Bucure[ti) Final Report / International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania; president of the commission: Elie Wiesel; ed. Tuvia Friling, Radu Ioanid, Mihail E. Ionescu. Ia[i: Polirom, 2004 ISBN: 973-681-989-2 I. Wiesel, Elie (pre[ed.) II. Friling, Tuvia (ed.) III. Ioanid, Radu (ed.) IV. Ionescu, Mihail E. (ed.) 323.1(=411.16)(498)1939/1945 94(=411.16)(498)1939/1945 Printed in ROMANIA President of the Commission: Elie Wiesel Editors: Tuvia Friling, Radu Ioanid, Mihail E. Ionescu POLIROM 2004 The members of the International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania: Chairman: Elie Wiesel Vice-chairmen: Tuvia Friling (State Archivist of Israel), Radu Ioanid (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum) and Mihail E. Ionescu (Institute for Political Defense and Military History, Bucharest) Members: Ioan Scurtu (Commission secretary Nicolae Iorga Institute of History, Bucharest), Viorel Achim (Nicolae Iorga Institute of History, Bucharest), Jean Ancel (Yad Vashem, Jerusa- lem), Colette Avital (member of the Israeli Parliament), Andrew Baker (American Jewish Commit- tee), Lya Benjamin (Center for the Study of Jewish History, Bucharest), Liviu Beris (Association of the Survivors of the Holocaust in Romania), Randolph Braham (City University of New York), Irina Cajal Marin (Federation of Jewish Communities of Romania), Adrian Cioflânca (A.D. -
Aspects of the Anti-Semitic Views of Nichifor Crainic Reflected in “Gândirea” Journal
Social Sciences ASPECTS OF THE ANTI-SEMITIC VIEWS OF NICHIFOR CRAINIC REFLECTED IN “GÂNDIREA” JOURNAL Iuliu-Marius MORARIU1 ABSTRACT: USING INFORMATION FOUND IN GÂNDIREA JOURNAL, AN IMPORTANT ROMANIAN PUBLICATION FROM THE INTERWAR PERIOD, THAT NICHIFOR CRAINIC DIRECTED FOR ALMOST TWO DECADES, THE AUTHOR EMPHASIZES IN THIS ARTICLE THE MOST IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF ANTI-SEMITIC VIEWS OF HIM. IMPORTANT ROMANIAN PERSONALITY FROM THE AFOREMENTIONED PERIOD, PERSECUTED AND IMPRISONED LATTER BY THE COMMUNISTS FOR HIS PREVIOUS ATTITUDE, HE LEFT IMPORTANT WORKS ON SPIRITUALITY, MYSTIQUE AND PHILOSOPHY. BESIDES THESE THEMES, HE ALSO DEVELOPED IDEAS RELATED WITH POLITICAL AREA, THAT WE WILL INVESTIGATE THERE. THE APPROACH WHICH WILL BE A KIND OF REVIEW OF LITERATURE, WILL TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE NUMBER OF ARTICLES PUBLISHED BY HIM THERE, THEIR THEMATIC REPARTITION (BECAUSE HE PUBLISHED THERE TEXTS OF THEOLOGY, PHILOSOPHY, LITERATURE, POLITICAL ARTICLES, CHRONICLES OR BOOK REVIEWS), BUT ALSO THE ASPECTS OF ANTI-SEMITISM AND THE WAY HOW AUTHOR MOTIVATES HIS ATTITUDE. WE WILL ALSO USE THE PREVIOUS RESEARCHES DEDICATED TO HIM OR HIS WORK, SHOWING HOW THEY CONTRIBUTE TO THE RECEPTION OF CRAINIC FOR NOWADAYS RESEARCH. KEY WORDS: GÂNDIREA JOURNAL, LEGIONARY MOVEMENT, INTERWAR PERIOD, MYSTIQUE, NATIONALISM. INTRODUCTION Important personality of Romanian political, religious and cultural space from the interwar period, Nichifor Crainic is still debated and quoted today. Both historians, theologians or scholars from the space of political investigation are trying to bring into attention interesting aspects of his life and work. Unfortunately, in many situations, the approaches dedicated to his life and work are unilateral and not totally objective. Therefore, sometimes, theologians try to present only his contributions as the first holder of an Orthodox Mystique chair,2 neglecting his far-right 1 Iuliu-Marius Morariu (hieromonk Maxim) is PhD. -
Between Orthodoxy & the Nation: Traditionalist Definitions Of
BETWEEN ORTHODOXY AND THE NATION. TRADITIONALIST DEFINITIONS OF ROMANIANNESS IN INTERWAR ROMANIA By IonuĠ Florin BiliuĠă Submitted to Central European University History Department In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Assistant Professor Balázs Trencsènyi Second Reader: Assistant Professor Constantin Iordachi CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2007 Abstract The aim of the present thesis is to provide an analysis of the cultural debates of interwar Romania regarding the definition of the character of the Romanian ethnicity in connection with Orthodox spirituality and institutional Orthodoxy. This thesis will focus on the traditionalist side of the debate as depicted in the works of Nichifor Crainic (1889–1972) and Nae Ionescu (1890–1940). This paper goes between two definitions of Romanianness that introduce Orthodoxy in explaining its specificity. One (several) of Nichifor Crainic, an integrative cultural vortex that comprises traditional rural culture and Orthodoxy and a radicalized one of Nae Ionescu that conditioned the Romanianness to its direct link with Orthodoxy thus distinguishing between “true” Romanian and “good” Romanian. I have tried to account for the lack of dialogue between the promoters of these definitions and their legacy in Romanian culture. CEU eTD Collection Table of Contents Introduction .........................................................................................................................4 1. The Building of the Romanian Character. The cultural -
Caietele CNSAS
Caietele CNSAS Revistă semestrială editată de Consiliul Naţional pentru Studierea Arhivelor Securităţii Reeducare și propagandă Anul VIII, nr. 2 (16)/2015 Editura CNSAS Bucureşti 2017 CUPRINS I. Aparatul represiv comunist. Instituții, cadre, obiective Mihai DEMETRIADE, Istoricul Serviciului de Contrainformații Penitenciare (1949-1967)…………………………………….……7 II. Sub lupa Securității Roland CLARK, Re-amintirea lui Codreanu: virtuți fasciste maligne la închisoarea de la Aiud (1964)……………………………….......181 Dragoș URSU, Misticism și reeducare. Avataruri ale confruntării dintre deținuți și regim în cadrul reeducării de la Aiud ……………217 Tereza-Brîndușa PALADE, Mânia Arhanghelului: etno-teologie și propagandă fascistă în scrierile lui Nichifor Crainic…....................................................241 Valentin VASILE, Aproape o jumătate de veac de sport și propagandă în România (1945-1989)………………………………………………….259 Cristina PREUTU, Rolul și efectul scrisorilor adresate puterii în România socialistă………………………………………………………………….319 III. Documente Oana IONEL DEMETRIADE, Grupul democrat-progresist din lagărul de la Caracal (1945). Documente ale reeducării ideologice………………………………………………………………337 II. Sub lupa Securității Roland CLARK Re-Membering Codreanu: Maligning Fascist Virtues in Aiud Prison, 1964 Re-amintirea lui Codreanu: virtuți fasciste maligne la închisoarea de la Aiud (1964) În 1964, un grup de 106 deţinuţi de la închisoarea Aiud scriseseră memoriul colectiv Despre organizaţia legionară: Misticism, masacre, trădare. În acest memoriu au repovestit istoria Legiunii Arhanghelului Mihail, mişcarea fascistă din cauza căreia fuseseră închişi, pe motiv că ar fi susţinut-o. Aceştia au scris două volume de memorii ca parte a “reeducării” înainte de a fi eliberaţi în societatea aflată acum sub dominație comunistă sub conducerea Partidului Comunist. Spre deosebire de majoritatea ideologiilor, fascismul nu a avut o doctrină sau un crez pe care deţinuţii să-l poată retracta pentru a-şi demonstra renunţarea la apartenenţa mişcării. -
UC Riverside UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC Riverside UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The Romanian Orthodox Church During World War II Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8wr74725 Author Pearce, William David Publication Date 2014 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE The Romanian Orthodox Church During World War II A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History by William David Pearce August 2014 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Georg Michels, Chairperson Dr. Ann Goldberg Dr. Kiril Tomoff Copyright by William David Pearce 2014 The Dissertation of William David Pearce is approved: Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside Acknowledgements I would like to thank first and foremost my wife for supporting me through graduate school. Without her this dissertation never would have happened. I would like to thank the University of California Riverside’s Department of History for taking me on even though I was not necessarily the best fit. Thank you to Dr. Kiril Tomoff and Dr. Randy Head for getting me here in the first place. Thank you to Dr. Ann Goldberg for her help on this project. Thank you to Dr. Tomoff also for his help on this dissertation. Special thanks to Dr. Georg Michels, who took me as a new graduate student and has supported me so much as my advisor these several years. Thank you to all the faculty at UCR who have helped me over the years. Thank you to Dr. Radu Ioanid for opening doors for me even though we have never met.