Planning Asian Diversecity, Intensecity, Complexcity, and Authenticcity
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13th INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF ASIAN PLANNING SCHOOLS ASSOCIATION – APSA 2015 Towards an Asian Urban Agenda: Planning Asian DiverseCity, IntenseCity, ComplexCity, and AuthenticCity 12 –14 August 2015 Department of Urban and Regional Planning Faculty of Built Environment Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 13th International Congress of Asian Planning Schools Association (APSA 2015) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, 12 -14 August 2015 CONTENTS Introduction 2 Foreword 3 Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Vice Chancellor Foreword 4 Congress Chairman Programme 5 Congress Location 6 Tracks and Topics 10 Keynote Speakers 12 Parallel Sessions Schedule and List of Papers 15 Abstracts Keynote Speakers 39 Track 1: Urban Planning and Design Challenges (PD) 41 Track 2: Urban Institutions and Governance (IG) 84 Track 3: Bridging Urban Research and Urban Policy (RP) 122 Track 4: Soul-searching Planning Education (PE) 156 Track 5: Green Growth – The New Prosperity (GG) 166 Track 6: Urban Equity and Authenticity (EA) 193 Posters 244 Guidelines for Presentation 272 Schedule of Post-Congress Visits 273 Organising Committee 277 Important Contacts 278 1 13th International Congress of Asian Planning Schools Association (APSA 2015) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, 12 -14 August 2015 INTRODUCTION Towards an Asian Urban Agenda: Planning Asian DiverseCity, IntenseCity, ComplexCity and AuthenticCity The 21st Century is frequently associated with the phenomenal rise of Asia and emergence of an urban world. As we approach the critical threshold of year 2020 and at a time the world is faced with numerous economic, social and environmental uncertainties, an intellectual and in-depth discourse on an Asian Urban Agenda is imperative and highly timely. Urbanisation is at its most rapid in Asia; the process is yet to see any sign of levelling out. The ADB (2008, in UNU-IAS, 2013) projects that Asia will see an additional 1 billion urban residents in the next 25 years. The bulk of increase is expected to take place in the less and least developed cities. Taken as a whole, the Asian continent is a continent of great diversity and disparity that poses immense and highly varied, and complex challenges to urban scholars, planners and policymakers in the planning of more sustainable and liveable Asian cities. As diverse Asian civilisations develop and progress, Asian cities intrinsically become loci of historic, spatial, economic and socio-cultural diversity, intensity and complexity. As globalisation continues to accelerate, the spatial, economic and socio-cultural diversity, intensity and complexity of Asian cities are only set to increase. Rising in tandem with these will be various environmental impacts. The concomitant social impacts would be widening economic gap between the urban affluent and the urban poor; social segregation; increasing vulnerability to environmental disasters; rising intensity and complexity of relief efforts and costs in disaster responses; energy and food security; depleting urban health and safety; and escalating costs in the provision and maintenance of affordable and resilient urban infrastructure, services and housing. Most solutions to the diverse, intense and complex issues facing Asian cities have largely found their roots in non-Asian theories and practices, and premised largely upon their economic viability and profitability, leading to homogeneity in urban solutions. Aggravating this are the cumulative unintended effects of increased exposure to other urban contexts among planners and curriculum contents of formal planning education in Asian planning schools which have been inadvertently built upon predominantly Western theories, giving rise to the crucial issue of authenticity and identity crisis of Asian cities. The 13th International Congress of APSA - APSA 2015 - challenges the best minds in the academia and practice of urban planning and design, especially in Asia, to jointly deliberate upon, and set an Asian Urban Agenda towards planning for Asian DiverseCity, IntenseCity, ComplexCity and AuthenticCity. The Congress promises a stimulating and exciting exchange of knowledge and ideas that is not to be missed by urban scholars, practicing urban planners and designers, urban policymakers, academics and practitioners from other relevant professions. 2 13th International Congress of Asian Planning Schools Association (APSA 2015) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, 12 -14 August 2015 FOREWORD TOWARDS AN ASIAN URBAN AGENDA Planning Asian DiverseCITY, IntenseCITY, ComplexCITY & AuthenticCITY Prof. Datuk Ir. Dr. Wahid bin Omar Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Vice Chancellor As we progress steadily through the first half of the second decade in the century that is dubbed Asian and characterised by unprecedented urbanisation, there is no better time and place than now and here in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) for Asian planning schools and practice to converge and intellectually reflect on "where we are" and "where do we go from here?" in Asian urbanisation and urban planning. Being a premier research university and the knowledge hub of the Skudai Innovation Valley that is strategically located in the rapidly developing Iskandar Malaysia region, UTM is the right host of this very important 13th International Congress of Asian Planning Schools Association (APSA 2015). The Congress theme: Towards an Asian Urban Agenda: Planning Asian DiverseCITY, IntenseCITY, ComplexCITY and AuthenticCITY, aptly captures the very essence of the ongoing global and regional recentralisation into Asia of flows and powers in demographics, economics, capital, knowledge, information, human capital, technology and innovation; as well as the unfolding of the multitude of not-yet-amply-understood phenomena and impacts of global economic, environmental and socio-political processes that demand urgent attention from urban scholars, planners and managers alike. The organisation of APSA 2015 by UTM in collaboration with APSA is well in line with UTM's long-term strategic plan to become one of the top 50 world universities in the field of engineering and technology by 2020. Guided by the UTM Global Plan 2012- 2020, we are committed to playing even more significant roles in contributing to a better world and, certainly, a better Asia. It is my sincere hope that APSA 2015 will result in many high-impact academic and professional collaborations and partnerships between UTM, APSA and other Asian faculties and practices in urban and regional planning and the built environment as we take up the challenge of planning for sustainable Asian cities. It gives me great pleasure and honour to welcome esteemed Asian Planning Schools Association (APSA) Executive Committee and respected congress speakers and participants from beyond and within Malaysia to UTM. I take this opportunity to wish you an enjoyable stay in Johor Bahru while exploring UTM’s campus, and a fruitful exchange of knowledge and ideas in the Congress. Lastly, I congratulate the Department of Urban and Regional Planning and the Faculty of Built Environment, UTM on the successful and timely organisation of the Congress. 3 13th International Congress of Asian Planning Schools Association (APSA 2015) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, 12 -14 August 2015 FOREWORD TOWARDS AN ASIAN URBAN AGENDA Planning Asian DiverseCITY, IntenseCITY, ComplexCITY & AuthenticCITY Prof. Dr. Ahmad Nazri Muhamad Ludin Congress Chairman On behalf of the APSA 2015 Congress Committee, it is my esteem pleasure to welcome you to the 13th International Congress of Asian Planning Schools Association (APSA 2015) at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. UTM, the country’s pioneer institution in the urban and regional planning discipline is indeed honoured to host this biennial prestigious event. APSA 2015 will continue the tradition and unique opportunity of bringing together researchers, academics and professionals from all over Asian to exchange ideas on latest topics in planning, technology trends and the challenging yet exciting future directions for Urban Planning agenda in Asia. This year, the theme for APSA2015 is ‘Towards an Asian Urban Agenda: Planning Asian DiverseCity, IntenseCity, ComplexCity and AuthenticCity’, and will feature papers/presentations/posters across 6 tracks encompassing Urban Planning and Design Challenges, Urban Institutions and Governance, Bridging Urban Research and Urban Policy, Soul-Searching Planning Education, Green Growth – The New Prosperity and Urban Equity and Authenticity. The theme was developed with the idea of going beyond rhetoric and planning in the Asian urban context. It is timely for the Asian urban planners to rediscover the Asian wisdom and promote an Asian renaissance in urban and regional planning. It is gratifying to acknowledge that APSA2015 will have more than 200 participants from about 20 countries in Asia and other parts of the world. We thank all authors and participants for your invaluable contributions in making APSA2015 a success. As a token of our appreciation to paper presenters, we have appointed a panel of independent jurors to select 3 papers for the Best Paper award. A post-congress visit has also been arranged to make your visit to Malaysia even more enjoyable and memorable, should you decide to join. We hope that this year, APSA, with the wide spectrum of topics presented and acknowledging the future challenges in managing rural and urban areas, will be able to put forward a congress resolution