Mechanics Down Under James P. Denier · Matthew D. Finn Editors Mechanics Down Under Proceedings of the 22nd International Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, held in Adelaide, Australia, 24–29 August 2008 ABC Editors Prof. James P. Denier Dr. Matthew D. Finn Department of Engineering Science School of Mathematical Sciences The University of Auckland The University of Adelaide Auckland South Australia New Zealand Australia Additional material to this book can be downloaded from http://extras.springer.com ISBN 978-94-007-5967-1 e-ISBN 978-94-007-5968-8 DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-5968-8 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012953386 c Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 This work is subject to copyright. 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The idea of hold- ing regular congresses devoted to the field of mechanics can be traced back to a conference on problems of fluid mechanics, held in Innsbruck, in 1922, and organized by four of the founding fathers of modern fluid dynamics, C.W. Oseen, T. Levi-Civita, T. von Karman, and L. Prandtl. Although it attracted only thirty people, this conference provided the spark that led to the first ICTAM held in Delft in 1924 and organised by J.M. Burgers and C.B. Biezeno. This conference was so fruitful that the organisers decided to arrange similar meetings in the future, every four years, and to extend the scope of the future meetings to include solid mechanics. The organisation of successive congresses was placed in the hands of a Congress Committee. During the sixth congress, held in Paris, the idea arose of a more permanent organization to look out for the world interests in the mechanical sciences. Thus IUTAM, the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, was formed on 26 September 1946. In 1947, IUTAM became a member of ICSU, the International Council of Scientific Unions, itself founded in 1931. The highest authority of IUTAM is the General As- sembly, with delegates from the Adhering Organizations, each of which is affiliated with a national learned society or academy in a given country. Contemporary mechanics incorporates fundamental problems from pure science and has strong links into modern technology. It pervades many areas of scientific endeavour, including oceanography, physical chemistry, biology, medicine, geophysics and astrophysics. The International Congress of Theo- retical and Applied Mechanics continues to spread the ever-expanding pool of knowledge in the mechanical sciences and continues to contribute to the advancement of mutual human understanding. The 22nd International Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics comes to Adelaide, Australia at the invitation of the Australian Academy of Science, in conjunction with the University of Adelaide and the Flinders University of South Australia. The journey that was ICTAM2008, the first VI Preface IUTAM Congress to be held in the Southern Hemisphere, began in the middle of 2001 when discussions within the Australian and New Zealand mechanics communities explored the feasibility of putting forward a bid to IUTAM to host the 2008 International Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. The bid, which proved successful, was greatly facilitated by the support of the the Adelaide Convention Bureau and the support of many local and national organisations. This volume is the culmination of that journey and presents selection papers from the sectional lectures as well as details of all papers presented during the congress. The scientific program consisted of plenary opening and closing lectures, sectional lectures, prize lectures, mini-symposia, and contributed papers pre- sented in lecture and seminar presentation sessions. These cover all aspects of mechanics. It also showcased the research of the inaugural winners of the Batchelor Prize in Fluid Mechanics Howard Stone and the Rodney Hill Prize in Solid Mechanics Ortiz. All contributed papers presented at the Congress were peer reviewed. Rec- ommendations were received from Pre-selection Committees of the National Committees of nine countries: Canada, France, Germany, Japan, China, Poland, Russia, UK and USA. Moreover, recommendations were received from the Chairs of the Mini-Symposia and of the Pre-nominated Sessions. Finally, the International Papers Committee (IPC) reviewed each short pa- per, paying careful attention to the recommendations of the pre-selection committees. Accordingly, of the 1517 eligible submissions only 1322 contri- butions were invited by the IPC to be presented at the Congress. Jim Denier The 22nd International Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics President and Chairman of the Local Organising Committee Ernie Tuck Secretary-General Jim Denier Members of the Local Organising Committee Rich Clarke (Auckland) Richard Kelso (Adelaide) Bassam Dally (Adelaide) Trent Mattner (Adelaide) Matt Finn (Adelaide) Gus Nathan (Adelaide) Raj Huilgol (Flinders) Dzuy Nguyen (Adelaide) Members of the Australasian Steering Committee Ross Griffiths (ANU) Graham Baker (Southern Queensland) Kerry Hourigan (Monash) Mark Bush (Western Australia) Peter Jackson (Auckland) Ian Collins (Auckland) Ernie Tuck (Adelaide) Yiu-Wang Mai (Sydney) Roger Tanner (Sydney) Francis Rose (DSTO) VIII The 22nd International Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Members of the IUTAM Congress Committee Hassan Aref (USA) Alfred Kluwick (Austria) member of XCCC Tomasz Kowalewski (Poland) Nadine Aubry (USA) member of XCCC Dominique Barth`es-Biesel (France) Edwin Kreuzer (Germany) Martin Bendsøe (Denmark) Stelios Kyriakides (USA) member of XCCC Pierre Ladev`eze (France) representative of ISSMO Gary Leal (USA) Dimitri Beskos (Greece) representative of ICR Dick van Campen (Netherlands) Jean-Baptiste Leblond (France) Alberto Carpinteri (Italy) Fernando Lund (Chile) Gengdong Cheng (China) Peter Monkewitz (Switzerland) David Durban (Israel) Nikita Morozov (Russia) Fernand Ellyin (Canada) Nigel Peake (UK) representative of ICM Timothy Pedley (UK) Ben Freund (USA) Secretary of XCCC President of XCCC Bernhard Schrefler (Italy) Irina Goryacheva (Russia) member of XCCC Peter Gudmundson (Sweden) representative of CISM Michael Hayes (Ireland) Andr´eThess(Germany) representative of ISIMM Ernie Tuck (Australia) Carl Herakovich (USA) Viggo Tvergaard (Denmark) Tsutomu Kambe (Japan) Manuel Velarde (Spain) Bhushan Karihaloo (UK) Genki Yagawa (Japan) representative of ICF Acknowledgments We would like to express our thanks to all our colleagues within the IUTAM community, in particular those within the IUTAM Congress Committee and the members of the International Papers Committee. Their ongoing support and advice allowed us to overcome many of the problems typically encoun- tered by the organisers of large international meetings. A specials thanks go to the chairs responsible for the mini-symposia and pre-nominated sessions. Their dedication in organising these sessions, and encouraging their colleagues to contribute, was a large contributing factor in the success of the congress. We must also thank the members of the nine national committees for the valuable and timely reviewing of submissions in their respective countries. There are many people who contributed to an outstanding successful meet- ing and it my pleasure to formally acknowledge their contributions. First and foremost I must thank the local organising committee without whose efforts ICTAM2008 would not have been the success that it was. Thanks should also go to our Australasian Steering Committee whose support was fundamental in allowing the Australasian mechanics community to put forward such a compelling