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INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been Used to Photo­ Graph and Reproduce This Manuscript from the Microfilm Master INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo­ graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re­ produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. These are also available as one exposure on a standard 35mm slide or as a 17" x 23" black and white photographic print for an additional charge. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 8913647 Competition and acculturation: VCRs and CATV uses among Koreans in the Columbus area Han, Gwang-Jub, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1989 Copyright ©1989 by Han, Gwang-Jub. All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 COMPETITION and ACCULTURATION: VCRs and CATV Uses among Koreans in the Columbus Area DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy In the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Gwang-Jub Han, B.A., M.A., M. A. The Ohio State University 1989 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Joseph Foley Thomas McCain Donald Cegala / Adviper^/ trtmenlof Communication C o p y rig h t 1989 Gvang-Jub Han VITA July 21,1949 .............................................................. Bom - Incheon, Korea 1976 ............................................................................ B. A., Hankuk Univ. of Foreign Studies; Political Science and Diplomacy, Seoul, Korea 1978 ............................................................................ M. A., Seoul National Univ.; Public Administration, Seoul, Korea 1976-1978 .............................................................. Graduate Research Associate, Graduate School of Public Administration, SNU, Seoul, Korea 1978 ............................................................................ Researcher, Korea Productivity Center, Department of Industry Analysis, Seoul, Korea 1979 -1982 .............................................................. Music Producer, Korean Broadcasting System - FM, Seoul, Korea 1984 .......................................................................... M. A., Ohio State Univ., Department of Communication 1985-1987 ............................................................. Graduate Teaching Associate, Ohio State Univ., Department of Communication 1986 Doctoral candidate, Ohio State Univ., Department of Communication 1988 .......................................................................... Assistant Professor, Univ. of Wisconsin - Eau Claire Department of Communication and Theatre Arts ii FIELDS OF STUDY Mass Media .................................................................. Professor Joseph Foley Professor John Dimmick Professor Thomas McCain New Media and Information Society .............................. Professor Stephen Acker Professor Joseph Foley Professor John Wicklein Regulation and Policy ...................................................... Professor Joseph Foley Professor Thomas Schwartz Communication Theory and Intercultural Communication .......................................... Professor Victor Wall Professor Joseph Pilotta International Communication ......................................... Professor Dallas Smythe Professor Thomas McCain Communication Philosophy .......................................... Professor Brenda Dervin Professor Joseph Pilotta Rhetorical Theory ........................................................... Professor James Golden Methodologies ............................ Professor Donald Cegala Professor Robert Giobu Professor Godwin Berquist Professor John Dimmick Professor Warwick Blood ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Special appreciation goes to my doctoral committee. First, to Joseph Foley, my advisor, who has provided valuable guidance, new perspective, and encouragement. I am indebted to John Dimmick, who directed my MA thesis and has shown me an elegant approach to macro social phenomena from a micro perspective. Both professors made it possible for my family and me to have a comfortable stay in Ohio and to continue to pursue my final degree. My debts to John and Joe are beyond description. I have also benefited tremendously from consultations with Thomas McCain and Donald Cegala. In working with the committee during my entire doctoral program I have gained many insights. Especially, my thanks also go to those who helped enlarge my intellectual curiosity: Joseph Pilotta and Godwin Berquist. Apart from my professors, special thanks also go to my lovely wife Jung-sook and adorable children Melody and Daniel. They have watched and encouraged this "student husband and daddy" for six years. Other thanks go to my parents who have shown me true love in heaven and to my parents-in-law on the earth. Jaime Meyer, Kate Clark, Dr. Andrew Calabrese, and Dr. Jeffery Springston also deserve my special thanks for their warm hearts, friendship, and help. Final thanks must go to Dr. Chang-ho Ahn, Dr. Bong-oh Kim, and Mr. Moon Hong who have helped us, encouraged us, and shown us LOVE. Most of all, however, my appreciation should go first and last to Him who has given me health - physically and mentally. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................ S FIELDS OF STUDY ................................................................................................... iii VITA ........................................................................................ iv LIST OF TABLES....................................................................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1 1.1 PROBLEMS ............................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 Of the VCR ................................................................................... 2 1.1.2 Of Koreans in the US ................................................................... 9 1.2 SAMPLE COMMUNITY ......................................................................... 15 1.3 THE PURPOSE OF THIS RESEARCH ............................................... 21 1.4 OVERVIEW OF THE FOLLOWING CHAPTERS ............................... 23 II. LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................................................... 25 2.1 STUDIES ON VCR USE ........................................................................ 25 2.1.1 Earlier Stages of the Technology ............................................. 25 2.1.2 Marketing Studies on VCR Use in the US ................................ 28 2.1.3 Cultural Studies on VCR Use ..................................................... 31 2.1.4 VCR Use from a Global Perspective ......................................... 35 2.2 IMPACT OF THE VCR ............................................................................ 38 2.2.1 Media Competition ...................................................................... 38 2.2.1.1 The VCR and Broadcast TV ......................................... 38 2.2.1.2 The VCR and Cable TV ................................................ 42 2.2.1.3 The VCR and Film ......................................................... 44 2.2.1.4 The VCR and Publishing .............................................. 46 2.2.1.5 Theoretical Studies ....................................................... 48 2.2.2 Copyright and Pornography ....................................................... 50 2.2.3 Ethnic Minorities .......................................................................... 52 2.3 THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS ................................................... 52 2.3.1 Diffusion Theories ....................................................................... 54 2.3.2 Uses and Gratifications Approach ............................................. 58 2.3.3 Acculturation, Ethnicity, and Media ........................................... 64 2.3.3.1 Acculturation and Assimilation ..................................... 64 2.3.3.2 Communication and Acculturation .............................. 66 2.3.3.3 Ethnicity and Class ......................................................
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