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':DS -OF: Thet MIDDLE XSEIP1K RE-GION, NEW-GUINEA RESULTS AUG 1:6 G1966 BIB ':DS -OF: THEt MIDDLE XSEIP1K RE-GION, NEW-GUINEA RESULTS. OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY EXPEDITION TO :; NEW GUINEA IN 1953-1954 E. THOMAS GILLIARD AND MARY L-ECI :)Y _~ ~ ~ ~~W YOR 196 BIRDS OF THE MIDDLE SEPIK REGION, NEW GUINEA RESULTS OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY EXPEDITION TO NEW GUINEA IN 1953-1954 E. THOMAS GILLIARD Late Curator, Department of Ornithology The American Museum of Natural History MARY LECROY Research Assistant Department of Ornithology The American Museum of Natural History BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOLUME 132: ARTICLE 4 NEW YORK: 1966 BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume 132, article 4, pages 245-276, figure 1 Issued August 15, 1966 Price: $1.00 a copy INTRODUCTION AT THE DEATH OF E. Thomas Gilliard, on ed. Some of these observations are included January 26, 1965, the present report existed in this report. in rough manuscript form. The notes on each species are published as they were originally COLLECTING LOCALITIES extracted by Gilliard from his field journal, and Kanganaman village, the base camp of the persons referred to in these extracts are E. 1953-1954 expedition, is situated in riverine Thomas and Margaret Gilliard, who made up forest on the north bank of the Sepik River, the expedition in the field. The junior author 190 miles from the mouth, and is on ground was not a member of the expedition but only inches above that covered by the Sepik assisted Gilliard in the laboratory with this in its normal high-flood stage in April. Swamp- collection. She has edited the report with lands behind Kanganaman are flooded in the regard to laboratory work and has compiled wet season from December to April, and the present short introduction from notes paths, which are foot paths during the dry left by the senior author. season, are at this time navigable by native The species herein reported comprise a col- canoe. Mosquitoes present a terrible problem; lection of some 400 study skins and 65 pick- they are always present in tremendous num- led specimens obtained during the period bers, with daily peak periods just after dusk from December 1, 1953, through March 3, and at dawn. A collector in this area must be 1954, on the middle Sepik River, New Guinea supplied with a netted house of the very finest (see fig. 1). weave and with a sufficient supply of insect ITINERARY repellent. Palimbai village was visited by the expedi- December 1 Kopar village, mouth of Sepik tion many times. This village is across the River December 2 Kopar village to Marienberg Sepik and is situated on the banks of a long, December 4 Marienberg to Angoram narrow baret (a more or less permanent chan- December 10 Angoram, Yuarama, Kam- nel through floating vegetation; sometimes brindu to Krinjambi called a barad) leading southward from the December 11 Krinjambi, Kanduwanam, main Sepik River. This village and Kangana- Tambanum to Timbunki man are two of the several villages upon December 12 Timbunki to Kanganaman which Gregory Bateson's book "Naven" December 12 to (1936) was based. At another time, one day February 27 Kanganaman village, base was spent at Malingai village, which is camp via the same baret January 16 Palimbai reached and Malingai January 18 Soatmeri Lake. January 25-27 Aibom and Kararau Soatmeri village, 205 miles from the Sepik January 28-29 Malingai delta and one hour and 40 minutes by February 8-9 Gaikarobi motorboat upstream from Kanganaman, was February 27 Kanganaman to Mindabit the farthest point from the mouth of the February 28 Mindabit, Timbunki, to Yuat river visited by the expedition. River and Branda village A three-day trip was made to Aibom and March 1 Branda to Angoram Kararau. Aibom is reached via Kamalio March 2 Angoram, Marienberg to baret on the south side of the Sepik River and Kopar downstream about 40 minutes by motor March 3 Kopar to Wewak dinghy from Kanganaman. Kamalio barel Ten years later, April 11-15, 1964, during opens out into Chambri Lake in which float a canoe trip down the Sepik from Ambunti masses of water lilies and rafts of grass, up to (approximately 300 miles from the delta) to one-half mile in diameter. Aibom is near the Kanganaman and then to Angoram, orni- banks of this large lake and is the focal point thological observations were made by the of pottery making on the Sepik. Kararau was senior author, but no specimens were collect- visited on the return to Kanganaman. It is on 247 248 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 132 FIG. 1. A. Sepik River, showing the total area covered by the expedition. B. Enlargement of the area between Tambanum and Pagwi, showing the main collecting localities. the north side of the river, about 40 minutes water may be very scarce. Gaikarobi is a downstream from Kamalio baret and about 6 trading vaillage which supplies many villages miles from the main channel, on the banks of with sak-sak, a starch staple. In return the an old channel. river-edge villages supply fish to Gaikarobi. Gaikarobi village is situated north of Kan- During the descent of the river in Febru- ganaman on the edge of the swamplands ary, a short side trip was made up the Yuat which separate the riverine forest from the River, on the south side of the Sepik, to middle Sepik grassland plain (for a more com- Branda village, where navigation ceases for plete account of this area, see Reiner and all but small boats. Robbins, 1964). It is well concealed and is Angoram and Marienberg were stopovers reached by paths cleared by natives or by on the lower Sepik, during both ascent and dugout canoe. In February, with the Sepik descent of the river. Each is situated on a within 22 feet of overflowing its highest banks, heavily forested ridge approximately 200 feet the paths were usually so flooded that the high rising along the north bank of the river. entire distance could be traversed by dugout Between these localities (about 7 miles above (a five-hour trip). During the dry season Marienberg) is the Marienberg Mission log- (June to November) the entire region, except ging camp of Mamber. This area is covered perhaps some of the grassland immediately with original forest of first quality, and these north of Kanaganaman, can probably be three localities comprise the only high ground walked over. As a matter of fact, drinking along the Sepik from its mouth to Ambunti 1966 GILLIARD AND LECROY: BIRDS 249 (some 300 miles) at the head of the main region. A few of these specimens are in the river. They are also the only villages that American Museum of Natural History. have European settlements. Since the American Museum expedition In 1964 ornithological observations were herein reported, there have been two other made by the senior author on the Sepik ornithological surveys in the area. The Divi- between Ambunti and Angoram. At this peri- sion of Wildlife Research of the Common- od, near the end of the wet season, the river wealth Scientific and Industrial Research was in high-flood stage. At Kanganaman, in Organization in collaboration with the John December, 1953, the expedition camp had Curtin School of Medical Research, Aus- been placed on a bank 17 feet above the river tralian National University, has made four surface. In April, 1964, this bank averaged 3 collections in the middle Sepik region near inches above the surface. Birds were scarce, Maprik and Pagwi and along the main river. perhaps because the river was overflowing its Mr. W. B. Hitchcock has most kindly sup- banks and most perching areas were covered plied the following information concerning with water. About 100 floating islands (vary- this survey. The dates and collectors are as ing in size from 10 feet in diameter to about follows: May and November, 1962, W. B. 150 feet long by 30 feet wide) were observed Hitchcock; May and June, 1963, K. Keith; in the rapidly flowing water. Very few birds October and November, 1964, W. H. Ewers; were observed on such islands. April and May, 1965, W. B. Hitchcock. In all, 73 species were obtained; these are de- HISTORY OF COLLECTING posited in the Division of Wildlife Research, ON THE SEPIK RIVER Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Re- The first ornithologist to visit the Sepik search Organization. region was Karl Hunstein, who, as a membe r In 1963, Philip Temple made a survey of of the first German expedition to the Sepik, the avifauna of the Sepik Valley for the collected on the lower and middle Sepik in Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. 1887. He ascended the Sepik to approximately the location of Ambunti and also collected in ACKNOWLEDGMENTS what is now called the Hunstein Range, The Gilliards were extended many courte- south of Ambunti. His specimens are in the sies by numerous people in New Guinea. In Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt-Univer- particular, Sir Donald M. Cleland, the Admin- sitit, Berlin. istrator of Papua and the Territory of New The next ornithological collection was Guinea, by his personal interest and his coop- made by L. Schultze-Jena in 1910. He col- eration and aid, contributed much to the lected in western Kaiser Wilhelmsland (now success of the expedition. Mr. Alan Roberts, Territory of New Guinea), but apparently then Acting Chief of Government Services; many of his specimens were lost. The remain- Mr. Sydney Elliott-Smith, District Commis- der are in Berlin. sioner; and Mr. Jock McGregor, Patrol Offi- In 1912 and 1913, Burgers made a compre- cer at Angoram, were also very helpful.
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