DOCSLIB.ORG

Regions' Efficiency and Spatial Disparities in Tunisia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Regions' Efficiency and Spatial Disparities in Tunisia Proc. of the Second Intl. Conf. on Advances in Management, Economics and Social Science - MES 2015 Copyright © Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, USA .All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-1-63248-046-0 doi: 10.15224/ 978-1-63248-046-0-131 Regions‘ efficiency and spatial disparities in Tunisia LAMIA MOKADDEM1 Abstract These deprived regions accommodate only 30% of In post-revolution Tunisia, promoting balanced the Tunisian population and less than 8% of regional development represents one of the main enterprises. These regional disparities threaten objectives in the development program of the social stability and national unity. government. Therefore, economic efficiency is an The main issue of regional disparities problem essential condition to reduce region inequality. is concerning with the regional efficiency. The term The purpose of this article is to investigate regional efficiency and spatial dependence in Tunisia. We regional efficiency mentioned under this article is propose a two-stage approach, which involves: in the used to measure the region‘s ability to use its basic first place, applying data envelopment analysis (DEA) productive resources in an economic way, to sustain for the evaluation of efficiency across Tunisian economic growth and development. delegations in the year 2010, the year preceding the This article analyses the efficiency of 252 Tunisian Tunisian revolution; and, in the second place, using delegations2 for the year 2010, the year preceding spatial statistical techniques and spatial logistic the revolution. Paying particular attention to the regression to estimate the impact of spatial role played in this context by spatial interactions dependence on efficiency results. The findings show and geographical location. For this purpose, the regions ‘efficiency is driven by structure and spatial factors. efficiency analysis is conducted by using the well- known method of Data envelopment analysis and JEL Classification: R11, R15, O18, the spatial interactions are modeled using the Keywords: efficiency, data envelopment analysis, techniques of spatial econometrics. These regional disparities, exploratory spatial data analysis, techniques allow us to measure the extent to which spatial regression, Tunisia. the efficiency of one delegation depends upon that of its neighbors, or whether the allocation of regional resources has a significant impact on the I. Introduction efficiency of the targeted regions and on the one of their neighbors(Cliff and Ord, 1973, Anselin, The regional disparity in Tunisia is now a 1988). The study of spatial externalities is essential matter of serious concern. High levels of inequality to understanding the phenomena of agglomeration and regional disparities are at the core of the root of people , institutions, activities and its effect on problems that led to the Tunisian Revolution in regional efficiency. This paper employs spatial 2011.TheTunisia's interior and coastal regions don‘t analysis, particularly exploratory spatial data have the same access to basic public services such analysis (ESDA) and spatial Logistic regression, to as water services (99% in Tunis sand 54.6%in Sidi investigate regional efficiency of Tunisian Bouzid), sanitation (96%in Tunis, and 26.4% in delegation using cross-section data. Mednine), proximity to school and the availability of a health center. These inequalities between the regions are accentuated by the concentration of economic activities in the coastal region, with coastal area areas receiving 65% of public investment, hosting alm almost 90% of enterprises and attracting 95 % of foreign investment in companies. Conversely, the hinterlands are less served in terms of infrastructure and public service. 1 Lamia Mokaddem Associate Professor of Economics at Faculty of Economical and Management Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia 2 As of 2014 there are in Tunisia 24 governorates (cities)which are divided into 264 delegations(as delegation is the principal division within the governorate ). 207 Proc. of the Second Intl. Conf. on Advances in Management, Economics and Social Science - MES 2015 Copyright © Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, USA .All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-1-63248-046-0 doi: 10.15224/ 978-1-63248-046-0-131 helped to formulate the benchmarks for regional II. Evaluation of regions’ development. efficiency indicator using In this study we consider a Variable Returns to Scale (VRS) Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) data envelopment analysis model and we use the output-oriented method of (DEA) Banker, Charnes and Cooper(1984). We assess the relative efficiency of individual Tunisian delegations for 2010, within each of the above- Data envelopment analysis method evaluation was mentioned twenty four governorates defined initiated by Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (1978) according to the Tunisian nomenclature of and was extended by Banker, Charnes, Cooper territorial units having already considered the (1984) by including variable returnsto scale. DEA desegregation level. is a non-parametric method that uses linear programming techniques to analyze consumed inputs and produced outputs of the decision making A. Data units (DMUs) and builds an efficient production frontier based on best practices. The efficiency of To use the DEA approach in order to obtain each decision making unit is then measured in efficiency measures, we need data about the relation to this frontier. This relative efficiency is delegation‘s inputs and outputs. The selection of calculated based on the ratio of the weighted sum of inputs and outputs is based on the available all outputs and the weighted sum of all inputs. information and indicators. In Table 1, we present Several regional applications of DEA have the main variables taken into consideration in emerged. Charnes et al. (1989) applied this method calculating the DEA. to evaluate economic performance of 28 Chinese The first goal indicator to be maximized is the cities in 1983 and 1984. per capita income growth. However, no local Tong (1996, 1997) used DEA to investigate the income measures used by local governments were changes in production efficiency in 29 Chinese available. To overcome this problem, we selected provinces. Bernard and Cantner (1997) applied the human capital indicators registered in delegation empirical DEA to selected regions of the French accounts for the year 2010 as a measure for the economy from 1978-89. In a recent study, Maudos, delegation‘s economic growth; a better Pastor and Serrano (2000) analyzed the relationship measurement tool would be that of productivity between efficiency and production structure in growth. Since we do not observe outputs, it is hard Spain 1964-93. Ilkka Susiluoto and Heikki A. to measure productivity (Glaeser E, Kallal H.D Loikkanen (2001) studied inter-regional and inter- Scheinkman, J.A and Shleifer.A (1992)). For temporal differences in efficiency (or productivity) Glaeser E. L and Saiz A(2003) education share is a in Finnish regions during the period 1988-1999. particularly powerful predictor of income growth. IlkkaSusiluoto (2003) examined efficiency rates for The authors find that cities with higher skills are the 83 Finnish and 81 Swedish regions during the growing because they are becoming more period 1988-1999. Axel Schaffer, Léopold Simar economically productive (compared to cities where and Jan Rauland (2010) identified and examined there are less skills). They say their analysis implies efficiency in 439 German regions. They show that that "city growth can be promoted with strategies the regions‘ efficiency is driven by an arguably that increase the level of local human capital." They spatial and a non-spatial structural factor. Soo Nah assert that economic revitalization efforts should and Hong YulJeong (2010) measured the efficiency concentrate on "basic services, amenities, and of the Korean and Chinese large cities and then quality public schools that will lure the most explored the implications on the two countries‘ skilled," and on boosting the education level of efficiency in these cities. Danijela Rabar (2013) local residents. Here, the share of students with evaluated regional efficiency of Croatian counties a bachelor degree (HUM) is used as a measure of in three-year period (2005-2007) using VRS data quality of education and as indicator of per capita envelopment analysis model. The study identifies income growth. The second goal indicator to be efficient counties as benchmark members and maximized is living standards (CONS) measured by inefficient counties that are analyzed in detail to consumption per capita. The third goal indicator to determine the sources of inefficiency. be maximized is the share of people who live in Finally,Giedrė Dzemydaitė, Birutė Galinienė families with purchasing power parity (PPP) equal (2013) applied DEA analysis to evaluate to $1 per day. The DEA variable to be maximized, Lithuanian regions efficiency.The results identified POV, is thus defined as 100% minus extreme four efficient regions (Vilnius, Klaipėda, Utena and poverty rates. The fourth goal indicator to be Marijampolė) and five inefficient regions ( Alytus, maximized is the employability rate (EMP); hence, Tauragė, Kaunas, Šiauliai, Panevėžys). The study a DEA variable to be maximized, EMP, is defined as 100% minus TU; that is, the unemployment rate. 208 Proc. of the Second Intl. Conf. on Advances in Management, Economics and Social Science - MES 2015 Copyright © Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gafsa North and Hajeb El Atoun-Jilma) in Central Tunisia
    XA9950079 IAEA-SM-361/29 Isotopic approach to the behaviour of two multilayered aquifer systems (Gafsa North and Hajeb el AToun-Jilma) in central Tunisia K. Zouari (I\ A. Mamou a\ B. Ouda(:), M. Yerrnania), E. Gibert-Massault(3), J.L.MicheIot(3) (1> Lab. de Geocbimie Isotopique et de Paleoclimatologie, Ecole Nationale d'Inge'nieurs de Sfax, Tuaisie m Direction Generate des Ressources en Eau, Ministere de 1'Agriculture, Tunis, Tunisie (3) Lab. d'HydroIogie et de Geochimie Isotopique, CNRS EP 1748, Universite de Paris-Sud, Orsay, France In central Tunisia, the hydrogeological behaviour of numerous multilayered aquifers is controlled by tectonics, because major faults act as natural underground hydraulic sills. This tectonic complexity limits the application of the classical hydrogeological methods and it appeared interesting to examine how environmental isotopes techniques could contribute to the understanding of the general behaviour of such systems. For this study, undertaken with the support of of IAEA, two aquifer systems, corresponding to Gafsa North and Hajb el AToun-Jilma basins, were selected because they are particularly affected by water managing poblems, such as lowering of piezometric levels probably due to overexploitation of the aquifers. The behaviours of the studied environmental isotopes (18O, 2H, 3H, 14C, 13C) are very different in the two systems. In Gafsa North basin, recent recharge (evidenced by tritium contents) is largely spread all over the basin and is locally identified in the different levels of the aquifer, even close to the main outlet of the system ("Gafsa sill"). Besides, in this region, groundwaters seem to be stratified. For these reasons, it is difficult to reconstitute in details the lateral evolution of ionic and isotopic contents.
    [Show full text]
  • S.No Governorate Cities 1 L'ariana Ariana 2 L'ariana Ettadhamen-Mnihla 3 L'ariana Kalâat El-Andalous 4 L'ariana Raoued 5 L'aria
    S.No Governorate Cities 1 l'Ariana Ariana 2 l'Ariana Ettadhamen-Mnihla 3 l'Ariana Kalâat el-Andalous 4 l'Ariana Raoued 5 l'Ariana Sidi Thabet 6 l'Ariana La Soukra 7 Béja Béja 8 Béja El Maâgoula 9 Béja Goubellat 10 Béja Medjez el-Bab 11 Béja Nefza 12 Béja Téboursouk 13 Béja Testour 14 Béja Zahret Mediou 15 Ben Arous Ben Arous 16 Ben Arous Bou Mhel el-Bassatine 17 Ben Arous El Mourouj 18 Ben Arous Ezzahra 19 Ben Arous Hammam Chott 20 Ben Arous Hammam Lif 21 Ben Arous Khalidia 22 Ben Arous Mégrine 23 Ben Arous Mohamedia-Fouchana 24 Ben Arous Mornag 25 Ben Arous Radès 26 Bizerte Aousja 27 Bizerte Bizerte 28 Bizerte El Alia 29 Bizerte Ghar El Melh 30 Bizerte Mateur 31 Bizerte Menzel Bourguiba 32 Bizerte Menzel Jemil 33 Bizerte Menzel Abderrahmane 34 Bizerte Metline 35 Bizerte Raf Raf 36 Bizerte Ras Jebel 37 Bizerte Sejenane 38 Bizerte Tinja 39 Bizerte Saounin 40 Bizerte Cap Zebib 41 Bizerte Beni Ata 42 Gabès Chenini Nahal 43 Gabès El Hamma 44 Gabès Gabès 45 Gabès Ghannouch 46 Gabès Mareth www.downloadexcelfiles.com 47 Gabès Matmata 48 Gabès Métouia 49 Gabès Nouvelle Matmata 50 Gabès Oudhref 51 Gabès Zarat 52 Gafsa El Guettar 53 Gafsa El Ksar 54 Gafsa Gafsa 55 Gafsa Mdhila 56 Gafsa Métlaoui 57 Gafsa Moularès 58 Gafsa Redeyef 59 Gafsa Sened 60 Jendouba Aïn Draham 61 Jendouba Beni M'Tir 62 Jendouba Bou Salem 63 Jendouba Fernana 64 Jendouba Ghardimaou 65 Jendouba Jendouba 66 Jendouba Oued Melliz 67 Jendouba Tabarka 68 Kairouan Aïn Djeloula 69 Kairouan Alaâ 70 Kairouan Bou Hajla 71 Kairouan Chebika 72 Kairouan Echrarda 73 Kairouan Oueslatia 74 Kairouan
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of the Tunisian Tax Incentives Regime
    Analysis of the Tunisian Tax Incentives Regime March 2013 OECD Paris, France Analysis of the Tunisian Tax Incentives Regime OECD mission, 5-9 November 2012 “…We are working with Tunisia, who joined the Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters in July 2012, to review its tax incentives regime and to support its efforts to develop a new investment law.” Remarks by Angel Gurría, OECD Secretary-General, delivered at the Deauville Partnership Meeting of the Finance Ministers in Tokyo, 12 October 2012 1. Executive Summary This analysis of the Tunisian tax incentives regime was conducted by the OECD Tax and Development Programme1 at the request of the Tunisian Ministry of Finance. Following discussions with the government, the OECD agreed to conduct a review of the Tunisian tax incentive system within the framework of the Principles to Enhance the Transparency and Governance of Tax Incentives for Investment in Developing Countries.2 As requested by the Tunisian authorities, the objective of this review was to understand the current system’s bottlenecks and to propose changes to improve efficiency of the system in terms of its ability to mobilise revenue on the one hand and to attract the right kind of investment on the other. The key findings are based on five days of intensive consultations and analysis. Key Findings and Recommendations A comprehensive tax reform effort, including tax policy and tax administration, is critical in the near term to mobilize domestic resources more effectively. The tax reform programme should include, but not be limited to, the development of a new Investment Incentives Code, aimed at transforming the incentives scheme.
    [Show full text]
  • Rapport-Nord Ouest
    Schéma Directeur d’Aménagement de la Région Economique du Nord-Ouest REPUBLIQUE TUNISIENNE MINISTERE DE L’EQUIPEMENT DE L’HABITAT ET DE L’AMENAGEMENT DU TERRITOIRE Direction Générale de l’Aménagement du Territoire SCHEMA DIRECTEUR D’AMENAGEMENT DE LA REGION ECONOMIQUE DU NORD-OUEST Juillet 2010 URAM 2010 0 Schéma Directeur d’Aménagement de la Région Economique du Nord-Ouest SCHEMA DIRECTEUR D’AMENAGEMENT DE LA REGION ECONOMIQUE DU NORD-OUEST Rapport final SOMMAIRE INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 PARTIE 1 : BILAN ET DIAGNOSTIC TERRITORIAL................................................................................................................................................ 5 I- BILAN REGIONAL .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 1- LE MILIEU PHYSIQUE ET LES RESSOURCES NATURELLES........................................................................................................................... 8 1.1- ORIGINALITES ET SUBDIVISIONS CLIMATIQUES......................................................................................................................................... 8 1.2- ENSEMBLES OROGRAPHIQUES, HYDROGRAPHIQUES ET STRUCTURAUX ...........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • MPLS VPN Service
    MPLS VPN Service PCCW Global’s MPLS VPN Service provides reliable and secure access to your network from anywhere in the world. This technology-independent solution enables you to handle a multitude of tasks ranging from mission-critical Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), quality videoconferencing and Voice-over-IP (VoIP) to convenient email and web-based applications while addressing traditional network problems relating to speed, scalability, Quality of Service (QoS) management and traffic engineering. MPLS VPN enables routers to tag and forward incoming packets based on their class of service specification and allows you to run voice communications, video, and IT applications separately via a single connection and create faster and smoother pathways by simplifying traffic flow. Independent of other VPNs, your network enjoys a level of security equivalent to that provided by frame relay and ATM. Network diagram Database Customer Portal 24/7 online customer portal CE Router Voice Voice Regional LAN Headquarters Headquarters Data LAN Data LAN Country A LAN Country B PE CE Customer Router Service Portal PE Router Router • Router report IPSec • Traffic report Backup • QoS report PCCW Global • Application report MPLS Core Network Internet IPSec MPLS Gateway Partner Network PE Router CE Remote Router Site Access PE Router Voice CE Voice LAN Router Branch Office CE Data Branch Router Office LAN Country D Data LAN Country C Key benefits to your business n A fully-scalable solution requiring minimal investment
    [Show full text]
  • Décrets Et Arrêtés
    décrets et arrêtés PRESIDENCE DE LA REPUBLIQUE Vu le décret n° 2008-3222 du 13 octobre 2008, fixant l'organisation administrative et financière et les modalités de fonctionnement du conseil supérieur de NOMINATION la communication, Par décret n° 2010-101 du 26 janvier 2010. Vu l'avis du ministre des finances, En application des dispositions du deuxième Vu l'avis du tribunal administratif. paragraphe de l’article premier de la loi n° 93-51 du 3 Décrète : mai 1993, Madame Saïda Rahmouni est nommée en Article premier - Les dispositions du dernier qualité de médiateur administratif pour une période de paragraphe de l'article 18 du décret n° 2008-3222 du cinq (5) années, à compter du 1er février 2010. 13 octobre 2008, fixant l'organisation administrative et financière et les modalités de fonctionnement du conseil supérieur de la communication, sont abrogées PREMIER MINISTERE et remplacées par ce qui suit : La sous-direction des services communs est dirigée par un cadre spécialisé en la matière avec rang et Décret n° 2010-102 du 26 janvier 2010, avantages de sous-directeur d'administration centrale modifiant le décret n° 2008-3222 du 13 ou de directeur d'administration centrale et elle octobre 2008, fixant l'organisation comprend le service des affaires administratives et administrative et financière et les modalités financières. de fonctionnement du conseil supérieur de la Art. 2 - Le Premier ministre et le ministre des communication. finances sont chargés, chacun en ce qui le concerne, Le Président de la République, de l'exécution du présent décret qui sera publié au Sur proposition du Premier ministre, Journal Officiel de la République Tunisienne.
    [Show full text]
  • Programme D'assainissement Des Communes De Moins De
    PROGRAMME D’ASSAINISSEMENT DES COMMUNES DE MOINS DE 10 000 HABITANTS - PHASE I RESUME DU CADRE DE GESTION ENVIRONNEMANTEL ET SOCIAL Juillet 2018 Titre du projet : Assainissement des petites communes Numéro du projet : P-TN-EB0-004 Pays : Tunisie Département : RDGN Division : RDGN.2 Catégorie du projet : 2 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 INTRODUCTION En conformité avec le plan stratégique de développement du pays «Tunisie 2016-2020» et dans l’objectif d’améliorer les conditions de vie socio-économiques, environnementales et sanitaires de la population tunisienne par la généralisation des services d’assainissement dans toutes les communes du pays, l’ONAS s’est engagée dans la réalisation des ouvrages d’assainissement (réseaux, stations de pompage et stations d’épuration) dans 33 communes (phase I) de moins de 10 000 habitants. L’assainissement de ces 33 communes permettra d’améliorer les conditions de vie, d’hygiène et de salubrité du milieu dans les petites agglomérations et de contribuer à protéger le patrimoine naturel (eau, sol, faune et flore) à travers la réduction de l’impact négatif du déversement des eaux usées brutes dans le milieu naturel (cours d’eau, bas-fonds, oueds, etc.). Il vient apporter une réponse favorable aux aspirations et doléances des citoyens affectés par l’absence d’un système d’assainissement collectif, fiable et respectueux des impératifs de protection de la santé et de la salubrité du milieu. Le programme vise d’une part, la construction de nouvelles installations de traitement des eaux usées et, d’autre part, à rénover et moderniser les réseaux d’assainissement existants. Ces investissements permettront d’améliorer les services de traitement des eaux usées pour environ 150 000 habitants, selon les estimations, et contribueront à limiter la pollution des sols dans les zones concernées.
    [Show full text]
  • Inégalités Régionales En Tunisie
    n° 24 - décembre 2014 Le présent rapport est la propriété de l’Institut Tunisien de la Compétitivité et des Etudes Quantitatives (ITCEQ). Toute reproduction ou représentation, intégrale ou partielle, par quelque procédé que ce soit, de la présente publication, faite sans l’autorisation écrite de l’ITCEQ est considérée comme illicite et constitue une contrefaçon. Les résultats, interprétations et conclusions émises dans cette publication sont celles de(s) auteur(s) et ne devraient pas être attribués à l’ITCEQ, à sa Direction ou aux autorités de tutelle. Table des matières Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 3 I. Analyse univariée ........................................................................................................................ 5 1. Variables d’infrastructure : .............................................................................................................. 5 2. Variables socioculturelles : .............................................................................................................. 7 3. Marché du travail : .......................................................................................................................... 9 4. Capital humain : ............................................................................................................................. 11 II. Démarche méthodologique .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • SITE ENSEMBLE MONUMENT Vocabolari (Primo Impianto)
    PROJECT TUNISIE 1997-98 SITE ENSEMBLE MONUMENT vocabolari (primo impianto) STATUT JURIDIQUE paragrafo PROPRIETE campo semplice (da compilare) PROTECTION JURIDIQUE campo strutturato Type de protection sottocampo semplice (da compilare) R ripetitività page 95 SITE. 1.1.1 TYPE DE FICHE Vocabulaire clos : Site Atlas archéologique Site Atlas historique 1.2.1 NOM DU SITE Vocabulaire clos pour les sigles des Gouvernorats : ARIANA = AR BEJA = BE BEN AROUS = BA BIZERTE =BI GABES = GA GAFSA = GF JENDOUBA = JE KAIROUAN = KA KASSERINE = KS KEBILI = KE LE KEF = LK MAHADIA = MA MEDENINE = ME MONASTIR = MO NABEUL = NA SFAX = SF SIDI BOU ZID = SB SILIANA = SI SOUSSE = SO TATAOUINE = TA TOZEUR = TO TUNIS = TU ZAGHOUAN =ZA 1.3.2 PRODUCTEUR DE LA RÉFÉRENCE Vocabulaire clos : Institut National du Patrimoine [ou INP] [ altro ?] 2.1.1 PAYS Vocabulaire clos : Tunisie 2.1.2 GOUVERNORAT page 96 Vocabulaire clos : ARIANA BEJA BEN AROUS BIZERTE GABES GAFSA JENDOUBA KAIROUAN KASSERINE KEBILI LE KEF MAHADIA MEDENINE MONASTIR NABEUL SFAX SIDI BOU ZID SILIANA SOUSSE TATAOUINE TOZEUR TUNIS ZAGHOUAN 2.1.3 DÉLÉGATION Vocabulaire clos : (ARIANA) Ariana Manouba Mornaguia Tebourba (BEJA) Mejez el Bad Testour Beja Nord Goubellat Téboursouk Amdoun Thibar Beja Sud (BEN AROUS) Hamman-Lif Mornag (BIZERTE) Ghar el Mehl Utique (GABES) El Hamma page 97 Gabes Maret Matmata (GAFSA) Gafsa Sud Redeyef Belkhir Om el Araies (JENDOUBA) Jendouba Nord Fernana Tabarka Bou Salem Guardimaou (KAIROUAN) Sbikha Kairouan Janoubia Nasrallah Haffouz Bou Hajla Oueslatia Hajeb el Aioun (KASSERINE) Foucena
    [Show full text]
  • Développement Régional
    07 Développement Régional Les activités concernées: Les incitations du développement régional concernent toutes les activités économiques prévues par la loi de l’investissement à l’exception des activités ci-dessous : Extraction et mise en Vente des matériaux extractives à leur état primaire, Les services financiers et assurances, Les opérateurs de communication et les fournisseurs des services d’internet, Le commerce en détail et de gros, Les services de restauration, cafés et les services de consommation sur place excepté les restaurants touristiques classés, La production et la distribution de l’électricité et du gaz et du carburant excepté la production des énergies renouvelables, La promotion immobilière, les travaux publics et les services liés, Les services immobiliers et les services de location, Les services des petits métiers, Les services de coiffure et d’esthétiques, Le transport, Les agences de voyage touristiques, L’agriculture, la pêche et l’aquaculture, Les métiers libres, Les services paramédicaux, les pharmacies et les laboratoires d’analyses médicaux, Les salles des fêtes, Les industries de boulangerie, de pâtisseries et de confiserie, L’industrie des différentes épices et le meulage du café, L’artisanat non structuré (moins de cinq employés) Incitations financières: 1-La prime de développement régional : • Le premier groupe des zones de développement régional : - 15% du coût d’investissement approuvé avec un plafond de 1.5 millions de dinars. - 65% des dépenses des travaux d’infrastructures dans le secteur de l’industrie et ce dans la limite de 10% du coût du projet avec un plafond de (1) million de dinars. • Le deuxième groupe des zones de développement régional : - 30% du coût d’investissement approuvé avec un plafond de (3) millions de dinars.
    [Show full text]
  • Tunisia Cost Assessment of Water Resources DEGRADATION of the MEDJERDA BASIN
    Sustainable Water Integrated Management (SWIM) - Support Mechanism Project funded by the European Union Tunisia Cost assessment of water resources DEGRADATION OF THE MEDJERDA BASIN Version Document Title Author Review and Clearance 1 Tunisia SherifArif and Hosny Khordagui, Stavros DEGRADATION COST OF WATER Fadi Doumani Damianidis and Vangelis RESOURCES OF THE Konstantianos MEDJERDABASIN .....Water is too precious to Waste Sustainable Water Integrated Management (SWIM) - Support Mechanism Project funded by the European Union ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND QUOTES Acknowledgements: We would like to thank Ms SondesKamoun, General Director of the Office of Planning and Water Equilibrium of the Ministry of Agriculture and SWIM-SM Focal point in Tunisia, Ms Sabria Bnouni, Director of the International Cooperation Department of the Ministry for the Environment, Liaison Agent of the SWIM-SM programme and Focal Point for the H2020 programme as well as everyone met during the missions from July 29 to August 4 2012 (the mission agenda is listed in Annex I), and especially Mr BouzidNasraoui, Mr FethiSakli, M. AbdelbakiLabidi, Mr Mohamed Beji, Mr ChaabaneMoussa, Mr Adel Jemmazi, Ms FatmaChiha, Mr KacemChammkhi, Mr TawfikAbdelhedi, Mr Hassen Ben Ali, Mr Mellouli Mohamed, Mr MoncefRekaya, Mr NejibAbid, Mr Omrani, Mr Adel Boughanmi, Ms NesrineGdiri, Ms AwatefMessai, Mr Samir Kaabi, Ms MounaSfaxi, Mr MabroukNedhif, Ms MyriamJenaih, Mr BechirBéjaoui, Mr NoureddineZaaboul, Mr Denis Pommier, Mr RafikAini, Ms JamilaTarhouni, Ms SalmBettaeib, Mr Mohame Salah Ben Romdhane, Mr MosbahHellali, Mr AbdellahCherid, Ms LamiaJemmali and Mr Mohamed Rabhi. We would also like to extend our thanks to the Tunisian authorities for facilitating our work and providing essential data after the departure of the mission.
    [Show full text]
  • ANNEX VI Geographical Type of Other Relevant Denomination Reasons Why It Could Qualify As a GI Origin Product Information
    ANNEX VI Geographical Type of Other relevant Denomination Reasons why it could qualify as a GI origin product information ° Type of protection: PDO ° Geographical area: Kruja, in the region of Durres. This potential PDO is linked to the ‘White olive oil of Tirana’ and the ‘White olive oil of Elbasan’, because they have physically contiguous areas and are characterised by the specialisation in the production of the ‘White Olive’. Although registered as a single cultivar, the ‘white olive’ has slightly different characteristics that sometimes lead to identify them separately. ° Varieties: The ‘white olive of Kruja’. This variety represents half Albania Olive oil White olive oil of Kruja the region’s plants, and 23% of the century old plants in the country. Pending The weight of the fruit is 2.04 grams and the weight of the stone is application to the 0.37 grams. The percentage of oil which can be extracted from the Albanian Patent olive is 24-25%. This variety is resilient to cold weather and to Institute for olive drought. It can be cultivated on the slopes of the hills. oils for the ‘White ° Production method: Every part of the process of growing, olive’ (which preparing and packing the olives takes place within the defined covers the one geographical area. In this area are also located a cluster of high from Kruja, Tirana quality olive oil producers. and Elbasan) ° Type of protection: PDO ° Geographical area: Petrela, in the region of Tirana. This potential PDO is linked to the ‘White olive oil of Tirana’ and the ‘White olive oil of Elbasan’, because they have physically contiguous areas and are characterised by the specialisation in the production of the ‘White Olive’.
    [Show full text]