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BACAMA BACAMA=BAHAMA=BAHAMAS The Commonwealth of Bahamas Stato delle Bacama Nassau, 130.000 ab. Kmq. 13.864 (11.405)(11.406)(13.865)(13.880)13.935) 29 isole maggiori+661 isolotti+2387 scogli Compreso la base Usa di Abraham Bay Movimento separatista Bianco in Abaco Island (dal 1974) Ab. 175.000---280.000 Neri (85%) Mulatti Bianchi (14%) Lingua Nazionale/Ufficiale: Inglese Alfabetismo: 95% Sordi: 20.000 (con n. 2 Istituzioni) Indice di diversità: 0.01 Creolo Aitiano Francese=Creolo Francese Aitiano=Aitiano Creolo Francese=France- se Creolo Aitiano=Aitiano Francese Creolo=Francese Aitiano Creolo=Haitian Creole French Creolo Bamiano Inglese=Creolo Inglese Bamiano=Bamiano Inglese Creolo=Bamia- no Creolo Inglese=Inglese Creolo Bamiano=Inglese Bamiano Creolo=Baha- mas Creole English=Creolo Bacamiano Inglese=Creolo Inglese Bacamiano= Bacamiano Inglese Creolo=Bacamiano Creolo Inglese=Inglese Creolo Bacamiano=Inglese Bacamiano Creolo=Creolo Bacamense Inglese=Creolo Inglese Bacamense=Bacamense Inglese Creolo=Bacamense Creolo Inglese= Inglese Creolo Bacamense=Inglese Bacamense Creolo=Bahamian Creole English=Dialetto Bamiano=Dialetto Bacamiano=Dialetto Bacamense= Bamiano =Bacamiano=Bacamense=Bahamian Dialect (225.000) Greco=Greek (800) Inglese=English (300.000) Taino (estinto) Protestanti (76%) Cattolici (19%) Pagina 1 di 17 BACAMA Circoscrizioni ecclesiastiche cattoliche Imm.sogg.Vesc.: Nassau Dollaro delle Bacama=B$=$BA=SBA in 100 Cents Biglietti (The Central Bank of the Bahamas): SBA 100-50-20-10-5-3-1 – Cents 50 (The Bahama Government): SBA 100-50-20-10-5-3-1 – Cents 50 (Bahamas Monetary Authority): SBA 100-50-20-10-5-3-1 – Cents 50 Monete: SBA 5-2-1 – Cents 50-25-15-10-5-1 Sistema Misura Inglese Targa BS (BHS) ISU … CAB 00160 BI 728000 Festa Nazionale 10 Luglio BAHAMA, dallo spagnolo bajamar=acqua bassa Assemblea Legislativa (38 m. - anni) Senato (15 m. - anni) Bandiera (1:2) 3 fasce orizzontali Blu-Giallo-Blu, con un triangolo Nero all’asta. Blu: l’Oceano. Giallo: il sole e le spiagge dorate. Nero: il popolo e la sua volontà di sfruttare le risorse delle isole. Isole Abaco Abner Cay Acklins Adderley Cay Alcorine Cay Alder Cay Allan Cays Allans Cay Ambergris Cays Anderson Cay Andros Angel Cays Pagina 2 di 17 BACAMA Angle & Fish Cay Anguila Islands Anna Cay Arawak Cay Araway Cay Archers Cay Athol Atwood Cay August Cay Back Cay Bahama Bamboo Cay Barataria Barn Cay Barracuda Base Line Cay Beach Cay Beacon Cay Beak Cay Bell Cay Ben Cay Berry Islands Big Bersus Cay Big Carters Cay Big Cave Cay Big Cay Big Crab Cay Big Cross Cay Big Egggggg Cay Big Farmer’s Cay Big Fish Cay Big Grand Cay Big Harbour Cay Big Hog Cay Big Jerry Cay Big Joe Downer Cay Big Lake Cay Big Lloyd Cay Big Major’s Big Pigeon Cay Big Romers Cay Big Thrift Harbour Cay Big Whale Cay Big Wood Cay Pagina 3 di 17 BACAMA Billy Cay Bimini Islands Bird Cay Bitter Guana Cay Black Bob Cay Bock Cay Bonds Cay Bonefish Cay Booby Cay Bowe Cay Bridges Cay Brigantine Cays Brown Cay Brush Cay Buena Vista Cay Burnside Cay Burroughs Cay Burrow Cay Bursis Cay Buttonwood Cay Cabbage Cay Caeser Cay Calabash Cay Cambridge Cay Candle Cays Carter Cay Cashs Cay Castle Cat Cat Cays Catch Catto Cay Cave Cay Cay One Cay Sal Bank Cay Santo Domingo Cay With Low Fall Caye a Rum Caye de Sel Channel Cays Children’s Bay Cay Chub Cay Cistern Cay Pagina 4 di 17 BACAMA Clem Cay Cluffs Cay Coakley Cay Cockroach Cay Cocoa Cay Cocoa Plum Cay Comfort Cay Compass Cay Conception Conchshell Cay Cook’s Cay Cormorant Cay Cornish Cay Cotton Bay Cay Cotton Cay Crab Cay Crisby Crooked Cross Cays Culmer’s Cay Cupids Cay Curly Cut Cay Current Damas Cays Danger Cay Daniels Cay Darby Darvill Cay Dead Mens Cay Deadman Cay Devil’s Cay Diamond Cay Dickies Cay Dilly Cay Dolly’s Cay Doomey Cay Double Breasted Cay Double Headed Shot Cays Dove Cay Dry Cay Duck Cays Dunc Cays East Cay Egg Pagina 5 di 17 BACAMA Elbow Cays Eleuthera Elizabeth Exuma Factory Cays Falcon Cays Fanny Cay Fernandez Cay Fiddle Cay Fifteen Feet Cay Finley Cay Fish Cays Fish Hawk Cay Fishing Cays Flamingo Cay Flat Cays Foots Cay Fortune Fowl Cay Frazer Hog Cay French Cays Frog Cay Frozen Cay Galliot Cay Garden Cay Gaulding Cay Gaulin Cay Geouge Gibson Cay Gibson Hog Cay Ginger Cay Glass Cay Goat Cay Gold Cay Golding Cays Goole Cay Gorda Cay=Castaway Cay Gran Bahama Grand Cays Great Exuma Great Guana Cay Great Guano Cay Great Inagua Great Ragged Pagina 6 di 17 BACAMA Great Sale Cay Great Seal Cay Great Stirrup Cay Green Cay Green Turtle Cay Griffins Cay Grunt Cay Guanahani Cay Guana Cay Guincho Ginger Cay Guinchos Gun Cay Gut Haines Cay Halls Pond Cay Halls Islands Harbour Harvey Cay Harvey Cays Hawksbill Cays Hawksnest Cay Heneagua High Cay High Point Cay High Ridge Cay Highbourne Cay Hoffman Cay Hog Cay Holmes Cay Inagua India Cay Iron Cay Ishmael Cay Jamaica Cay James Cay Jewfish Cay Joe Cays Joe Creek Joe Downer Cays John Downer Cays Johnny’s Cay Johnsons Cay Josephs Cay Joulter Cays Pagina 7 di 17 BACAMA Jumento Cays Kamalame Cay Kemp Cay Kits Cay Knife Cay Lanzadera Cay Laughing Bird Cay Lee Stocking Leonard Cay Levi Lightbourn’s Cay Lignumvitae Cay Linder Cay Little Abaco Little Bell Cay Little Bersus Cay Little Carters Little Cat Little Cave Cay Little Cay Little Cistern Cay Little Crab Cay Little Cuana Cay Little Darby Little Exuma Little Farmer’s Cay Little Grand Cay Little Guana Cay Little Harbour Cay Little Inagua Little Little Joe Downer Cay Little Lloyd Cay Little Major’s Little Nurse Cay Little Petit Cay Little Pimlico Cay Little Ragged Little Somers Cay Little Sale Cay Little San Salvador Cay=Half Moon Cay Little Stirrup Cay Little Walker Cay Little Wax Cay Pagina 8 di 17 BACAMA Little Whale Cay Lizard Cay Lobos Cay Lobster Cay Lockart Cay Loggerhead Cay Lone Pine Cay Long Cay Long Lovely Bay Cays Low Cay Low Water Harbour Cay Lower Crisby Cay Lubbers Quarters Cay Lucian Cay Lyford Cay Lynyard Cay Madam Dau’s Cay Madeira Cay Major’s Mamma Rhonda Cay Man Head Cay Man Man-O-War Cays Mangrove Mangrove Cay Manjack Cay Margaret Cay Mariguana Marine Cay Market Fish Cays Mary Cays Mastic Cay Mat Lowe’s Cay Mayaguana Maycock Cay Meeks Patch Melita Cay Middle Bight Cay Mira Por Vos Islands Money Cay Moore’s Moosha Cay Moraine Cay Pagina 9 di 17 BACAMA Moriah Harbour Cay Mouth of Harbour Cay Muertos Cays Musha Cay Nairn Cay New Cay New Providence Newton Cay Noah Bethel Cays Noname Cay Norman’s Cay Norman’s Pond Cay North Andros North Bimini North Cat Cay North Cay North Elbow Cay North Halls Cay Northern Eleuthera Northwest Cay Noss Mangrove Nun Jack Cay Nurse Cay Nurse Channel Cay Nassau O’Brien Cay Ocean Cay Old Yankee Cay Orange Cay Outer Point Cay Over Yonder Cay Oyster Cay Paradise Parrot Cays Paw Paw Cay Peace & Plenty Pear Cay Pelican Cays Pensacola Cays Perpall’s Cay Petit Cay Pierre Pigeon Cays Pimlico Cays Pagina 10 di 17 BACAMA Pimlico Islands Pine Cay Pine Tree Cay Pineapple Cays Pipe Cay Plana Cays Plum Cays Pot Cay Potter Cay Powell Cay Prime Cay Pumpion Cay Racoon Cay Ragged Rainbow Cay Randall’s Cay Rat Cay Ratman Cay Ratmans Cay Red Shank Cay Reid Cay Rock Harbour Cays Roker Cay Rose Royal Rudder Cut Cay Rum Cay Russell Saddle Back Cay Saddle Cay Sailor’s Choice Cay Saint George’s Caye Sales Cay Salt Cay Salt Pond Cay Samama Cays Samana Cay Samphire Cay Samphire Cays Sampson Cay San Salvador Sand Bank Cays Sanders Sandy Cay Pagina 11 di 17 BACAMA Sandy Harbour Cay Sapodilla Cay Schooner Cays Scotland Cay Scrub Cays Seal Cay Sheep Cay Ship Channel Cay Shroud Cays Silver Cay Simms Cay Sister Cays Six Shilling Cays Smith Cay Snake Cay Snapper Cay Soldier Cays South Bimini South Cat Cay South Cay South Channel Cay South Mangrove Cay South Spot Cay South Stirrup Cay Southeast Cay Southern Cay Spanish Cay Spanish Wells Cay Staniard Cay Staniel Cay Steamer Cay Stocking Strachan Cay Stranger Cay Sugar Loaf Cay Tarzan Cay Tear Coat Cay Tee Cay Thatch Cays Thomas Cay Thompson Cay Tilloo Cay Top Cay Tumar Cay Pagina 12 di 17 BACAMA Turner Cay Twin Cays Umbrella Cay Upper Cay Upper Channel Cay Upper Samphier Cay Upper Sandy Harbour Cay Verd Cay Victory Cays Vigilant Cay Waderick Wells Cay Walker’s Cay Water Cays Watling Wax Cay Weatherford Cay Well Cay West Cay West Shroud Cay Wet Cay Whale Cay White Bay Cay White Cay William William Cay Willis Cay Wilson Cay Wiltshires Cay Windermere Wood Cay Woolen Dean Cay Yellow Cay Young Cay Yuma BACAMA A SPAGNA 1492-1629 (1492-1627)(1492-1670)(1492-1648) A PB 1629-1648 REPUBBLICA DEI PIRATI 1648-1670 Pagina 13 di 17 BACAMA A GB 1670-1684 (1627-1680)(1627-1650)(1670-1680)(1648-1684)(1670-1671) (1650-1684)(1670-1706) - Dipendente dalla CAROLINA A SPAGNA 1680-1706 (1684-1718)(1650-1717) REPUBBLICA DEI PIRATI 1706-26/07/1718 (1686-1718)(1684-1718) A GB 26/07/1718-03/03/1776 (1714-1785) - Parlamento locale dal 1728 A USA 1776-1781 (1785-1790)(03/03/1776-17/03/1776) A SPAGNA 1781-1783 (1790-1795)(1776-1783)(08/05/1782-19/04/1783) A GB 1783-10/07/1973 (1795-1973) - Colonia 1783-07/01/1964 - Colonia Autonoma 07/01/1964-10/07/1973 Governatori GB (Signori Proprietari della Provincia della Carolina) 01/11/1670-11/1688 DUKE OF ALBEMARLE 01/11/1670-09/04/1697 LORD CRAVEN 01/11/1670-1717 LORD ASHLEY 01/11/1670-1717 Peter COLLETON 01/11/1670-1680 Sir George CARTERET Governatori GB nominati dai Proprietari 1671 Hugh WENTWORTH 12/1671-1676 John WENTWORTH 1676-1677 Charles CHILLINGWORTH 1677-1682 Roger CLARKE 1682-1684 vacanza 1684 Richard LILBURNE **1684 Distruzione di Nassau da parte di SPA/FRA 1684-1687 vacanza 1687-1690 Thomas BRIDGES 1690-1693 Cadwallader JONES 1694-1696 Nicholas TROTT 1697-1699(1697-1700) Nicholas
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    Migration, Freedom and Enslavement in the Revolutionary Atlantic: The Bahamas, 1783–c. 1800 Paul Daniel Shirley October 2011 UCL PhD thesis 1 I, Paul Daniel Shirley, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Signed: _____________________________ (Paul Daniel Shirley) 2 Abstract This thesis examines the impact of revolution upon slavery in the Atlantic world, focusing upon the period of profound and unprecedented change and conflict in the Bahamas during the final decades of the eighteenth century. It argues that the Bahamian experience can only be satisfactorily understood with reference to the revolutionary upheavals that were transforming the larger Atlantic world in those years. From 1783, the arrival of black and white migrants displaced by the American Revolution resulted in quantitative and qualitative social, economic and political transformation in the Bahamas. The thesis assesses the nature and significance of the sudden demographic shift to a non-white majority in the archipelago, the development of many hitherto unsettled islands, and efforts to construct a cotton-based plantation economy. It also traces the trajectory and dynamics of the complex struggles that ensued from these changes. During the 1780s, émigré Loyalist slaveholders from the American South, intent on establishing a Bahamian plantocracy, confronted not only non-white Bahamians exploring enlarged possibilities for greater control over their own lives, but also an existing white population determined to defend their own interests, and a belligerent governor with a penchant for idiosyncratic antislavery initiatives. In the 1790s, a potentially explosive situation was inflamed still further as a new wave of war and revolution engulfed the Atlantic.
  • Dgfs-CNRS Summer School on Linguistic Typology

    Dgfs-CNRS Summer School on Linguistic Typology

    DGfS-CNRS Summer School on Linguistic Typology Leipzig 15 August–3 September 2010 Creole Languages in a World-Wide Perspective SUSANNE MICHAELIS Max-Planck-Institut für evolutionäre Anthropologie & Universität Gießen Class 2, 24 August 2010 1. Towards a systematic comparison of pidgin and creole language structures • Creole studies have seen various ambitious attempts at explaining the grammatical features of creole languages (substrates, superstrates, and universal principles) • BUT: many of these claims were often based on a relatively small amount of merely suggestive data of only one or a few languages (e.g. Bickerton 1981, Chaudenson 1990); even McWhorter (1998, 2001) does not base his claims on a solid systematic database. 1 Some earlier comparative creole studies, e.g. • Ivens Ferraz (1987) for Portuguese-based creoles • Goodman (1964) for French-based creoles • Hancock (1987) for Atlantic English-based creoles • Baker (1993) for Pacific English-based pidgins/creoles Holm & Patrick (2007), Comparative creole syntax (London: Battlebridge) 2 • the first collaborative project: 18 creole languages are described with respect to a questionnaire of 97 morphosyntactic features • limited to morphosyntax, to 18 languages, and to a book publication without automatic search options • no summarizing tables for all creoles, no synopses • features are Atlantic-biased • some mixing of synchronic and diachronic features, e.g. 8.5 Subordinator from superstrate 'that'; 15.3 Definite article (from superstrate deictic) 2. The APiCS project • large-scale