Senegal - Threat Assessment - 2020 Page 1 of 10 Modern Slavery: The 2018 GSI Index: 46/51 1. Senegal African countries, with 43,000 modern day slaves, and an incidence of 2.9/1000 people, Section 1 - Executive Summary and a “B” response. US Trafficking in Persons gave Senegal a Tier 2 rating. Grey Lists: Senegal is not listed by FATF, or by the EU on their “Grey” lists. Senegal is, Sanctions & Terrorism: There are no sanctions however, listed by the US as a “Country of against the country. Senegal is a Tier 3 (lowest Primary Concern” in respect of ML & FC. threat) PPI 2019 (Proliferation) Index country with a “moderate ” control score of 370/1,300. National Risk Assessment: Senegal Senegal has a “very low” impact (score completed a National Risk Assessment, though 1.186/10) in the 2019 Global Terrorism Index. it appears not to be publicly available. Senegal is in US Country Reports on Terrorism. According to the GIABA report in 2018, the

“NRA identified the most prevalent predicate Response & Resilience: FATF MER 4th round offences of money laundering which are: fraud, results by GIABA in 2018, were 43/100 for drug trafficking, migrants smuggling, “Technical Compliance” 40 Recommendations corruption, customs and tax offences,” and & 3/100 for “Effectiveness” 11 Outcomes. “high risk sectors are: money transfer; Senegal scored 6.04/10 for resilience (high), authorised foreign exchange; electronic ranked 5/54 for Africa in the OC Index. money; the hotel sector; the real estate sector; the legal and accounting professions.” Indices: Senegal scored 71/100, and rated “partly free” in the 2019 Freedom in the World Organised Crime: According to the OC Index, Index, and 58/100 for economic freedom Low Criminality - High Resilience. Criminality (Heritage Foundation) described as “mostly 4.6/10, (ranked 35/54 African countries). Main unfree”. The Mo Ibrahim Index of African markets are illegal timber (7/10), wildlife crime Governance (IIAG) scored Senegal 10/54 at (6.5/10), human trafficking (5/10) & cannabis 63.3/100. The Basel AML Index 2019 ranked (5/10). The main “Criminal Actors” are “Foreign Senegal with a score of 6.2/10 with the 2020 Actors” (6/10), “Criminal Networks” (5.5/10), report ranking Senegal 8th highest at 7.3/10. “State Embedded Actors” (4/10) and “Mafia Style Groups” (3.5/10). Overall Ratings: Senegal is rated 11th overall in SSA and 3rd in Western Africa, with an Corruption: TI CPI - 2019 - ranked 66/180, overall score of 53/100, with 56/100 for with a score of 45/100, a deterioration from Threats and 50/100 for Responses. 2014, where Senegal had a score of 54/100. According to TI & Afrobarometer in 2019, the FCN Rating: “Moderate ” Risk 53/100 bribery rate is 15% up from 8% in 2015. Trend “Neutral”

Senegal - Threat Assessment - 2020 Page 2 of 10 Senegal - Threat Assessment - 2020 Page 3 of 10 2. Country Information

People & Geography: Senegal is located in economy is made up of agriculture 16.9%, North West Africa, bordered by Mauritania, industry 24.3%, services 58.8%, and these Mali, Guinea and Guinea Bissau. Senegal also sectors encompass agricultural and fish surrounds The Gambia, a country only processing, fertilizer production, gold mining, occupying a sliver of land along the banks of ship construction, as well as the the Gambia River. Senegal’s terrain consists of communications technology, education, and generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills hospitality and property development sectors. in the southeast, with it’s highest point being Senegal exports fish, groundnuts (peanuts), that of Nepen Diaka at 648 metres. Senegal’s petroleum products, phosphates and cotton to population is concentrated in the west, with Mali 14.8%, Switzerland 11.4%, India 6%, Cote approximately 70% of the population living in d’Ivoire 5.3%, UAE 5.1%, The Gambia 4.2%, rural areas. Senegal’s capital, Dakar, is the Spain 4.1% (2017). Senegal imports food and administrative, economic, legislative and beverages, capital goods and fuels from judicial centre for the country. Of the 15.9 France 16.3%, China 10.4%, Nigeria 8%, India million population, Senegal counts some 7.2%, Netherlands 4.8%, Spain 4.2% (2017). 275,200 immigrants in 2019 and 642,700 emigrants. Environment: Senegal has not been listed in the the Environmental Performance Index Recent History & Leadership: Senegal has 2018. been subject to European power from the late 17th Century, having only gained Tourism: Travel & tourism contributes independence in 1960. Senegal has been XOF1,272.4 billion in 2019 (US$2.1 billion), considered one of Africa’s model democracies, which represents 10.3% of the GDP of with a tradition of stable governments and Senegal. The labour force for this sector is civilian rule, that has seen 3 presidents take more than 368,000 in direct employment, or office, the latest being Macky Sall, who won 9.1% of total employment. The main tourist the presidential elections in 2012, and was re- sites include:Lake Retba, Goree, Faidherbe elected in 2019. Senegal has also experienced bridge, and the African Renaissance some violent clashes in the Casamance region, Monument. after hundreds of Senegalese were killed in a local separatist conflict. The violence has Finance: Connectivity-wise, there is an internet subsequently waned since a 2014 ceasefire. penetration rate of 46% & 18 million mobile Senegal’s president has launched an ambitious connections. With respect to banking access, economic plan, aiming to implement 20% of the population (over 15 years of age) economic reforms and investment projects to hold bank accounts, 2.8% of the population boost economic growth. (over 15 years of age) have a credit card, and 32% hold mobile money accounts (all 2019). In Economy & Trade: In 2017, the GDP was terms of remittances, the country has US$21.11 billion, with government revenues estimated inflows of US$2.522 billion (10.5% amounting to US$4.139 billion. The GDP per of GDP) for 2019 according to the World Bank. capita, in 2017, was US$3,500. Senegal’s

Senegal - Threat Assessment - 2020 Page 4 of 10 3. Country Ratings

Available information from leading sources produce almost 60 ratings for Senegal, covering both threats and responses in fighting financial crime, sanctions, proliferation finance, terrorism & terrorism finance.

Source Senegal � Source Senegal � Source Senegal �

World Economic Forum 56 / 100 Transparency International (TI) 45 / 100 Proliferation Index - PPI Tier 3 Organised Crime Index Corruption Perceptions Index (66/180) Threat Lowest Threat Level

OC Index 4.6/10 TI & Afrobarometer 15% Proliferation Index - PPI 370/ 1300 Criminaility Citizens Views and Experiences of Corruption Overall Bribery Rate Controls Controls score Report

OC Index 4.75/10 TRACE 47 Global Terrorism Index 1.186/10 Criminal Actors Bribery Risk Matrix (73/200) GTI - Impact “No” Impact

OC Index 4/10 Global Slavery Index 2.9/1,000 US Dept of State Included State Embedded Actors GSI Incidence Incidence of human trafficking Country Reports on Terrorism

OC Index 5.5/10 Global Slavery Index 43,000 Global Cybersecurity Index 0.305/10 Criminal Networks No of estimated Modern Day Slaves Estimated numbers of modern day 2018 (102/175) slaves

OC Index 6/10 Global Slavery Index “B” Rating Mo Ibrahim Governance Index 63.3/100 Foreign Actors Country Response Rating (Ratings: AAA, AA, A etc) (49.9 - All Africa) (Slowing imporovement) (10/54)

OC Index 3.5/10 US Dept of Labor 4,255,365 -22.3% of children aged Freedom House 71/100 Mafia Style Gangs Child Labour between 5 -14 working Freedom Index “Partly Free”

OC Index Cannabis 5/10 & Cocaine 3.5/10 US Dept of State Tier 2 Rated Heritage Foundation 58/100 Drugs Trafficking Heroin 2.5/10 & Synthetic’s 2.5/10 Trafficking in Persons Economic Freedom Index “Mostly unfree”

OC Index 3.5/10 IOM Migration I -275,200/E - 642,700 Basel AML Index 7.3/100 (2020) Arms Trafficking E - Emigration / I - Immigration (8/141)

OC Index 4.5/10 Illegal Unreported and Unregulated 2.24/5 FIU Egmont Yes People Smuggling (IUU) - IUU Fishing Index Member

OC Index 5/10 EU Listing of Countries for Illegal No Interpol Yes Human Trafficking Fishing Member

OC Index 7/10 US DoS - Wildlife Trafficking No Asset Confiscations No Illegal Timber Focus / Countries of Concern over 1% of Proceeds

OC Index 6.5/10 Environment Performance Index Not listed Country National Risk Assessment Yes But Not Published Illegal Wildlife 2017

OC Index 4.5/10 EUIPO & OECD Counterfeit Goods 0.807 Financial Information Sharing No Illegal Mining Propensity of Exports Partnership (2016)

OC Index 6.04/10 Tax Justice Network Not listed US Dept of State Yes Resilience Financial Secrecy Index INCSR Vol I & Vol II

OC Index 6.5/10 EU List of None Co operative Not listed European Union List No AML Jurisdictions for Tax purposes

OC Index 7/10 Largely Compliant FATF Standards 43/100 OECD - Global Forum Law Enforcement on Transparency & Exchange Info for Tax Purposes 40 Recommendations

OC Index 6/10 Global Financial Integrity US$543 million - 16.77% (2017) FATF Standards 3/100 International Co- operation Illicit Financial Flows 11 IO’s on Effectiveness

OC Index 6/10 Embassy’s from N Korea, Syria, Iran Yes-Syria,Iran, & Cuba FATF Standards 30/100 Economic Regulatory Environment or Cuba Core 10 Recommendations

Illegal Drug Dependency / Disorders 62,606.5/0.48% Embargoes - Country Sanctions None FATF Standards 8/100 Number/Share (Comprehensive - UN, US, EU, UK) Core 4 IO’s on Effectiveness

Numbeo Crime Survey 2020 Not listed OFAC Listed Parties None FATF Counter - Measures No with Local Addresses Strategic Deficiencies List

Senegal - Threat Assessment - 2020 Page 5 of 10 4. Financial Crime News (FCN) Country Ratings

From all the available information collected and results summarised in Section 3 above, more than 20 ratings have been selected, covering a broad base of threats and responses in fighting financial crime, sanctions, proliferation finance and terrorism & terrorism finance. The results make up the FCN Country Threat / Response & Overall Risk scores and rankings for countries in Sub-Saharan Africa.

FCN SSA Country Risk Rating - “Moderate” Threats - � FCN SSA Country Risk Rating - “Mod - High” Response - �

GTI GSI TI CPI NRA INCSR US TIP Overall WEF OC US Terror OC Index GFI IFF’s FATF 40 FATF 11 Overall IUUF Index Freedom OC Index Governance GSI - Slavery ProliferationSeizures US$ US END Wildlife FATF/EU Lists Basel AML Index

FCN Final Ratings - Senegal

Financial Crime News 55/100 Financial Crime News 53/100 “Moderate” Risk Threat Rating Financial Crime Rating “Moderate” Threat 11/40 SSA - 3/14 WA

Financial Crime News 50/100 Trend Neutral Trend Response Rating “Moderate to High” Response (TI CPI, Mo Ibrahim, FATF, Basel Index & GTI - 3-5 years)

For more details on the scoring model for FCN Ratings contact the Editor FCN directly for access to the Methodology

Ratings across Sub Saharan Africa, compared to other countries.

Senegal - Threat Assessment - 2020 Page 6 of 10 Senegal - Threat Assessment - 2020 Page 7 of 10 5. Supplemental Information

From the available information, a number of indicators can be tracked over time to identify trends. A number of these indicators are identified below together with additional charts used in the long form “Deep Dive” Country Threat Assessment for Senegal, available to order from Financial Crime News/Premium.

Senegal - Threat Assessment - 2020 Page 8 of 10 6. Appendix - FATF Results in Detail

In May, 2018, GIABA published a summary of the AML/CFT measures in place in Senegal at following an on-site visit conducted in 2017, reporting on the level of compliance with the FATF 40 Recommendations and the level of “Effectiveness” of Senegal's AML/CFT regime, and made recommendations on how to strengthen the regime. The assessment identified a number of material weaknesses, in particular 7 Non-Compliant ratings for R6 (targeted financial sanctions related to terrorism & terrorist financing), R7 (targeted financial sanctions related to proliferation), R12 (PEPs), R13 (Correspondent Banking), R19 (Higher Risk Countries), R25 (Transparency & BO of Legal Arrangements), & R28 (Regulation & Supervision of DNFBPs). Despite these findings, Senegal is not included in FATF’s list of countries with “Strategic Deficiencies.”

The Author of this work is John Cusack. Data Investigation & Information collection by Hannah Cusack. The Editor is John Cusack, the publisher is Financial Crime News / Metriqa Limited. All rights remain with FCN/Metriqa Limited.

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