CENSUS OF INDIA 2001
SERIES- 21
JHARKHAND
PAPER 1 OF 2001 PROVISIONAL POPULATION TOTALS
PEOPLE ORIENTED
SUDHIR KUMAR RAKESH Director of Census Operations, Bihar
CONTENTS
SL. NO. PARTICULARS PAGE NO.
1 Foreword v
2 List of Officersl Officials involved in preparation of Provisional Population Totals vii
3 Figures at a Glance ix
4 State Highlights x
5 Map showing Administrative Division of India Highlighting State xi
6 Map showing Administrative Division of State, 2001 Census xiii
7 Introduction 1
8 Analysis of Results 7
9 Provisional Population Tables 21
10 Maps 27
11 Diagrams and Charts 35
12 Organisational Chart of Census Hierarchy 45
13 Specimen Copy of Houselist Schedule 47
14 Specimen Copy of Household Schedule 49
15 Pictorial 51
V\J9b
FOREWORD
After the successful completion of Census of India 2001, it gives me great pleasure to present these provisional population totals for the state of Jharkhand. This paper gives some basic characteristics of the population of Jharkhand as on 1st March, 2001 (00.00 hrs.) as recorded during the population enumeration work related with Census of India 2001. These figures are only provisional ones, compiled on the basis of the abstracts of population data prepared by the enumerators. These provisional population figures are being published with the intention of meeting the immediate need of the Government, various organisations, researchers and the general public. It would help provide them the basic population figures as quickly as possible after the population enumeration work has been completed. At this stage our intention is not either to interpret from these data or to draw conclusions from them, both of which shall have to await the preparation of the detailed Tables based on the final figures. Care has been taken, however, to highlight some of the striking features of these provisional figures wherever they have been noticed and effort has been made to mention them at appropriate places. Census operations in India is one of the largest administrative exercises of its kind anywhere in the world. Such a mammoth and gigantic exercise has been possible only with the wholehearted co-operation of the entire administrative machinery of the state as well as the active participation of all sections of the society. The credit for collection of census data must go to the multitude of Enumerators, Supervisors and all officials involved with census work in the state. Under testing circumstances, the entire administrative machinery involved in census work came out with flying colours, completing the job at hand with quiet efficiency and great speed. All the Deputy Commissioners, Districts Census Officers, Additional Districts Census Officers, Subdivisional Census Officers, Assistant Subdivisional Census Officers, Charge Officers and Assistant Charge Officers have wonderfully risen to the occasion and have proved beyond doubt that nothing is impossible for them. I make a special mention of their efforts because of the fact that they had to cope with the numerous administrative problems arising out of the bifurcation of the state of Bihar and creation of the new state' of Jharkhand on the 15th of November, 2000, midway through the Census of India 2001 (after the houselisting operations were over and before the actual enumeration was to begin). These people. in spite of heavy odds, have worked tirelessly and it is only because of their superhuman efforts that these operations could be carried out successfully and in time. I am grateful to Shri V.S Dubey. Chief Secretary; Mrs. Laxmi Singh, Finance Commissioner and Shri S.D. Sharma, Commissioner and Secretary. Revenue, land Reforms, Registration, Excise and Prohibition, and Relief and Rehabilitation Department, from whom I received unstinted support and guidance. . I am also grateful to the members of my own organisation for all the strain they took in planning the work and making the conduct of census smooth and successful. While many of them, as the Directorate's representatives in all the districts of Jharkhand, had to stay away from their families for weeks together, those who stayed back in the headquarters, had to work extremely long hours, extending to even twenty four hours at a stretch in case of some. Without help and guidance from the senior pros, the old and efficient census hands; without a wonderful sense of dedication to duty as well as great team effort among all the officers and staff members this task would have become impossible to achieve. Some retired officers, who had very kindly agreed to associate with us during Census of India 2001 as Census Advisors, were also a source of strength, inspiration and encouragement. At this moment, I also wish to thank the Officers and staff from the office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India as well as from certain other Directorates who have given me invaluable guidance and support for which I shall ever remain grateful. People of Jharkhand who extended all the co-operation and support to the census officials including enumerators and supervisors, deserve my special thanks. Words of praise are due to the All India Radio, Doordarshan and other Electronic Media as well as Print Media, who helped us carry the message of Census to the people effectively. Before concluding I must express my personal indebtedness to Shri J.K. Banthia, Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India, whose affectionate guidance was a source of inspiration at every stage of this gigantic operation.
Palna Sudhir Kumar Rakesh The 27th March, 2001 Director of Census Operations, Jharkhand
vi List of Officers/Officials involved in preparation of Provisional Population Totals.
51. No. Name Designation
1 Sri Phool Singh Joint Director 2 Sri M.M.A. Beg Deputy Director 3 Sri S.K. Sinha Deputy Director 4 Sri Pradeep Kumar Deputy Director 5 Sri Ragit Sinha Deputy Director 6 Sri J. Lakra Assistant Director 7 Sri K. K.verma Assistant Director 8 Sri M. Guria Research Officer (Map) 9 Sri B.K. Shrivastava Printing Officer
C.T.U. Section
10 Sri. P.M. Prasad Investigator 11 Sri T.N.Rukhaiyar Investigator 12 Sri K.N.P. Shrivastava Investigator 13 Sri Ganesh Pd.Singh Investigator 14 Sri S.K.Singh Investigator 15 Sri M.K.P. Sharma Statistical Investigator Gr. III 16 Sri Shyam Pd. Singh Statistical Investigator Gr.1I1 17 Sri Shailendra Kr. Sinha Statistical Investigator Gr.1I1 18 Smt. Bina Kujur Statistical Investigator Gr.111 19 Smt. Usha Kumari Statistical Investigator Gr. III 20 Smt. Sona Kumari Statistical Investigator Gr.1I1 21 Sri Kishori Sharan Computor 22 Sri Birendra Pd. Singh Computor 23 Sri Rajiva Kr. Sinha Computor 24 Sri Deepak Kr. Mishra Computor 25 Sri G.K.Labh Computor 26 Sri Ashok Kr. Sharma Computor 27 Sri Amar Chandra Sinha Computor 28 Smt. Rojalia Kujur Computor 29 Sri. Sheo Balak Prasad Computor 30 Sri Ashish Kr. Singh Computor 31 Smt. Puja Srivastava Assistant Compiler
Computer Cell
32 Sri. Anup Kr. Verma D.E.O "Bft 33 Sri S.S.Srivastava D.E.O "B" 34 Sri N.K. Srivastav D.E.O "Bu
vii SI. No. Name Designation
Printing Section
35 Sri Binod Kr. Sinha Printing Inspector
Management Cell 36 Sri Vijay Kumar Sinha Statistical Investigator Gr.III 37 Sri P.K.Jamuar Statistical Investigator Gr. "'
Publicity Cell 38 Sri Sanjay Kumar Mishra O.E.O "B"
Confidential Section 39 Sri Suresh Ravidas Confidential Assistant 40 Sri Mithilesh Prasad Junior Supervisor 41 Sri C.Dungdung Statistical Investigator Gr. III 42 Sri Nirmal Kr. Sinha Computor
Map Section 43 Sri Indra Kant Mishra Sr. Drawing Assistant 44 Sri Ratan Kr. Roy Draftsman 45 Sri Gyan Shankar Prasad D.E.O·'B" 46 Sri Premjeet Kumar Sinha D.E.O "B" 47 Sri Pyare Lal Khandait D.E.O "B"
viii FIGURES AT A GLANCE - 2001 CENSUS JHARKHAND
i) Number of Districts 18 ii) Area in sq. km. 79714 i) Total Population - Persons 26909428 Males 13861277 Females 13048151 iii) Oecadal Population Growth 1991-2001 (1) Absolute 5065517 (2) Percentage 23.19 iv) Population Density 338 v) Sex Ratio 941 vi) 0-6 Population- (1) Absolute Persons 4796188 Males 2440025 Females 2356163
(2) Percentage to total population Persons 17.82 Males 17.60 Females 18.06 vii) Literacy - (1 ) Absolute Persons 11970177 Males 7759966 Females 4210211
(2) Rate Persons 54.13 Males 67.94 Females 39.38
ix STATE HIGHLIGHTS - 2001 CENSUS JHARKHAND
1. Number of Divisions 4
2. Number of Districts 18
3. Number of Subdivisions 33
4. Number of C.D. Blocks 210
5. Number of Urban Agglomerations 11
6. Number of Towns 152 i) Statutory Towns 44 ii) Census Towns ( Non-statutory) 108
7. Number of Revenue Villages 32615
8. Most populous district - Ranchi 2783577 Least populous district - Lohardaga 364405
9. District with highest decadal growth - Garhwa 29.05 District with lowest decadal growth - Pashchimi Singhbhum 16.35
10. Most densely populated district - Dhanbad 1167 Least densely populated district - Gumla 148
11. District having highest Sex-ratio - Kodarma 1001 District having lowest Sex-ratio- Dhanbad 874
12. District having highest literacy rate - Purbi Singhbhum 69.42 District having lowest literacy rate - Pakaur 30.54
13. Average population of a district of the state 1494968
x CENSUS OF INDIA 2001 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
72 80 84 88 92
INDIA POSITIO OF JHARKHANID IN INDIA 2001
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xiii
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
" Men have long been interested in studying their own numbers" ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA
Etymologically, the term Census has been derived from the Latin word 'Censere' meaning "to estimate or to assess". Head counting of people has a long drawn history which is probably as old as the dawn of human civilization itself. The Old Testament records the enumeration at the Exodus of the fighting strength of the Children of Israel and civilian Levites. Kautilya, in his magnum opus 'Arthasastra', has recognized population census as the key to taxation and revenue collection in the ancient Mauryan empire. Similar references have been found in ancient Roman, Persian, Chinese and Egyptian empires where taxation and conscription seemed to be inextricably intertwined with population census. It was against such a backdrop that the modern concept of census evolved when it was instituted for the first time in La Nouvelle France (Quebec) and Acadie (Nova Scotia) during mid 17th century. In modern usage, census primarily denotes the periodical survey of the number and condition of the people present in a circumscribed area or volume. It provides an instantaneous picture of the community- a cross section of the body politic exhibiting its constitution at the point of time when it is made. Census statistics are the common tools and material of the business of government and are indispensable to the direction of state policy. Hence, the rr,odern census enumeration is conceived not only as a source of static knowledge but as an item in a consecutive series. The hallowed history of census operations in India can be traced back to 1856 when the Government of India agreed to the proposal of conducting census in India in 1871. The first modern census in India was taken in the year 1872 which was a non-synchronous census. Thereafter, since 1881, India has had an enviable record of holding regular synchronous census operations every ten years, come what may. The fountainhead of census operations in India is considered to be the Plowden Committee Report of 1878. Apart from formulating the broad outline of the organization for census, the Committee recommended that enumeration throughout the country take place on one and the same day. The Committee favoured a special legislation to back up the decennial census, in order to provide more government control over both the enumerators and the enumerated. 1941 marks a watershed in the history of census operations in India when the method of extended enumeration followed by a revisional round and updation of census data with reference to sunrise of 1st March was introduced for the first time. Another important recommendation of the Plowden Committee was that population data be collected for the smallest administrative unit in the country. The idea was to cover the entire country as far as possible. It was suggested that the spatial jurisdiction of administrative units should not be prone to changes and adjustments as it would affect the census data. However, administrative and political compulsions have led to many such readjustments - the most important being the partition of India in 1947 and the most recent ones being the creation of the new states of Jharkhand, Uttaranchal and Chattisgarh which were carved out of Bihar. Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh respectively. A novel practice had to be adopted, whereby census data or more specifically census tables showed in detail the transfer that took place in different administrative units at different pOints of time and the consequential adjustments that were made in the population. Similarly, logistical problems coupled with inclement weather conditions at the time of actual enumeration in the inhabited regions of the higher reaches of the Himalayas resulted in preponing the schedule of actual enumeration in these regions. After independence. the Government of India, appreciating the importance of census operations in independent India. drafted a permanent legislation - viz. the CENSUS ACT. 1948, bestowing a statutory status upon census. The Act provides that the information collected from individuals/households during actual enumeration is to be kept strictly confidential. Census records are not admissible as evidence in any court of Law, as per the provisions of this Act.
3 Census has been included in the Union List of the Seventh Schedule of the constitution of India which enables the Government of India to carry out census operations in the country. The Census Act, 1948 also empowers the central government to appoint a Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India who is in overall charge of the census operations in the country. At the State/UT level, the Central Government appoints a Director of census operations who is assisted by various census officials at the Directorate level. The Act envisages that the actual enumeration is to be conducted by state government agencies under the guidance of the respective census directorates. As a result, District Magistrates/Deputy Commissioners are notified as Principal Census Officers responsible for census operations in their respective districts. They are generally assisted by senior state civil service officers who are notified as District Census Officers, one for each district. The Block Development Officers (with the exception of Circle Officers in some cases) heading the community development blocks are notified as Charge Officers for that rural charge, while in an urban charge (Municipal Corporation / Municipality / Notified Area Committee), it is the Executive Officer/Asst. Administrator/Special Officer Mce Chairman who is responsible for smooth conduct of census work. For population residing in Military and Para-Military areas, keeping in mind their security considerations, Special Charges are created which are headed by their own Nodal/ Liaison Officers. These officers are responsible for conducting actual enumeration in these special charges with the help of enumerators and supervisors appointed by them. At the base of the census hierarchical pyramid lie the enumerators and the supervisors are ranked immediately above them. The Census Act and the rules made thereunder give legal authority to the enumerators to canvass the census questionnaire, while spelling out their responsibilities also. The supervisors and enumerators are drawn from amongst the Primary/Middle/High school Teachers, Karamcharis, Panchayat Sevaks, Aganwadi Sevikas, Sanitary Inspectors, Tax Collectors etc. In case of shortage of manpower, the Principal Census Officer has the power to requisition the services of any person including those of Central Government officials I employees and/or State Government officials I employees. Planning for Census of India 2001 had commenced as far back as the year 1997 itself. Prior to start of important phases of Census of India 2001, viz., Houselisting and Population Enumeration, some important preliminary arrangements were required to be made in order to ensure complete coverage of houses as well as population without any omission or duplication. A few important items of preparatory work are listed below:- (i) Updating of Rural and Urban Frame - finalization of jurisdiction of various administrative units of the state. (ii) Preparation of working maps of different administrative units like DistricUC.D.BlockfTown etc., incorporating changes in jurisdiction and their updating. (iii) Preparation of Census Divisional Maps. (iv) Finalization of Urban Agglomerations (UA) in the state. (v) Conduct of pre-test to evaluate and finalize questions evolved for Houselisting as well as Enumeration. Draft questionnaires were developed on the basis of experiences of past Censuses. The final questionnaires developed were (i) the Houselist Schedule, and (ii) the Household Schedule. These questionnaires can be seen at the end of this publication. (vi) Freezing of Administrative boundaries. (vii) Formation of Houselisting Blocks and Supervisory Circles for Houselisting Operations. (viii) Preparation of Charge Registers for Houselisting Operations. (ix) Allotment of Location codes to various Administrative units like the State, Districts, C.D. Blocks, Towns and Villages etc. For the first time eight - digit location codes were allotted to all the Revenue Villages in the State in a continuously running serial. (x) Appointment of various field Census functionaries. (xi) Training to various census functionaries in connection with Houselisting Operations. (xii) Conduct of Post Enumeration survey in selected units after Houselisting Operations. (xiii) Reconstitution and formation of Enumeration Blocks for Population Enumeration work after Houselisting Operations. (xiv) Preparation of Abridged Houselists on the basis of Houselisting Operations. (xv) Preparation of new Charge Registers. (xvi) AppOintment of Enumerators & Supervisors for Population Enumeration. (xvii) Training to various Census functionaries for conduct of Population Enumeration.
4 Houselisting operations of Census of India 2001 in undivided Bihar were delayed due to the .ensuing Assembly elections in the state. As a result, the first phase was conducted between 15th May and 15th June, 2000.The main objective of the Houselisting Operations was to prepare the ground work for actual Enumeration by listing and numbering all the physical units of construction in the state which were used for residential, industrial, commercial, official or other purposes. This exercise also facilitated the generation of data ~elated to living conditions of human population, availability/non-availability of houses and accessibility to civic-amenities. It also helped create awareness among the general public about the importance of census in formulating long term plans for the nation. This mammoth operation was an enriching experience as it elicited prompt attention, corrective measures and follow-up actions with regard to many administrative, personnel and logistical problems which would have otherwise gone unnoticed. This operation was followed by a Post Houselisting Survey undertaken in a few selected sample rural and urban units to determine the accuracy of the houselisting work done in the state. With the successful completion of the houselisting operations, attention "Yas shifted to the main event-the actual enumeration. Before the commence: I'lent of the training programme for the field functionaries for actual enumeration, however, the new state of Jharkhand was carved out of Bihar on 15th November, 2000. The state of Jharkhand is a land locked territory bound by the districts of Rohtas, Aurangabad, Gaya, Nawada, Jamui, Banka, Bhagalpur and Katihar of the state of Bihar on the north, the districts of Maida, Murshidabad, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Puruliya and Medinipur of the state West Bengal on the east, the districts of Mayurbhanj, Kendujhargarh and Sundergarh of the state of Orissa on the south, the district of Raigarh and Surguja of the state of Madhya Pradesh and the district of Mirzapur of the state of Uttar Pradesh on the west. The state extends between 22 degrees north and 25.50 degrees north latitudes and 83 degrees east and 87.75 degrees east longitudes approximately. The state of Jharkhand, presently, consists of 18 districts distributed over an a'rea of 79,714 sq. k.m. Physiographically, Jharkhand is characterised by the Chotanagpur Plateau. The Chotanagpur Plateau consists of a series of plateaux of different elevations - the most important ones being the Ranchi plateau, the Ramgarh plateau and the Hazaribag plateau. Tectonically, these regions have witnessed three orogenic movements which are also responsible for the rich mineral deposits found in the state. Jharkhand has some of the richest deposits of iron and coal in the world apart from being a part of one of the most industrialised regions in the country. It is also endowed with a rich forest cover. The radial centrifugal drainage system of Jharkhand consists of rivers like Koel, Subarnrekha , Damodar, Barakar, Ajoi, Mor, Konar and Bokaro. Most of these rivers are relatively dry during summer but exhibit torrential flow, rapids and falls during the monsoon season. Jharkhand has a vast potential for generating hydel power as is exemplified by the location of the famous Damodar Valley Corporation in the state. The number of administrative units of undivided Bihar underwent a change with the formation of the new state of Jharkhand on the 15th of November, 2000. The details of the administrative set up of the two states are as follows :- Name of Administrative Units Jharkhand State Bihar State
1. Divisions 4 9 2. Districts 18 37 3. Sub-divisions 33 101 4. C.D.Blocks 210 533 5. Towns 152 130 (i) Statutory Towns 44 125 (ii) Census (Non-Statutory) Towns 108 5 6. Revenue Villages 32615 45103
The Directorate of Census Operations, Bihar was entrusted with the additional responsibility of conducting census operations in the newly created state of Jharkhand also. The draft Household Schedule canvassed during the Pre-Test was modified to suit the current national requirements as a result of which the Household Schedule prepared for actual enumeration had many firsts to its name. Each of these red printed, computer compatible, A3 size Household Schedules consisted of two sides- side '/\ and side 'B'. It had three parts and contained 23 questions- Q. Nos.1 to 15 being on side "A" and Q. Nos.16 to 23 being on side "B". The use of this comprehensive household schedule has done away with the practice of using individual slips for collecting individual particulars. A novel feature to increase truthfulness and accuracy was the introduction of provision for the respondent to sign the filled up household schedule after checking the veracity of the entries made by the enumerator. The other major changes are listed below:
5 (i) Individual particulars for members of households were collected in Household Schedules instead of Individual Slips. (ii) Information on age at marriage was collected for males also. (iii) Question on type of disability was canvassed for' every individual. (iv) Type of educational institution attended by a person also included School! CollegeNocational Institute / Other Institute/Literacy centre. (v) The scope of the term 'Cultivation' was expanded to include certain other crops such as tobacco, fruits and vegetables etc. (vi) Production of milk for self-conSumption was considered as an economic activity. (vii) Question on seeking/available for work was canvassed for marginal workers also (viii) In case of other workers (OW), information regarding distance to the place of work and the mode of travel was also collected. (ix) Information with regard to number of children- males and females separately- born during last one year was collected. (x) Question on households engaged in cultivation/plantation was introduced. An intensive publicity campaign was undertaken in the run-up to the population enumeration phase of Census of India 2001. The electronic media in tandem with the print media played an important role in creating awareness among the masses. The messages of the Hon'ble Governor, the Hon'ble Chief Minister, the Chief Secretary and other celebrities like Shabana Azmi. Bachendri Pal, Sourav Ganguly, Shekher Suman etc. have helped the census operations in a big way in eliciting public co-operation for its successful conduct and completion. Voluntary organisations were also fgrthcoming in organising Sit and Draw contests, Rallies and Street Plays etc. with the help of respective district administrations. Cinema slides, banners and pamphlets were provided by the Census Directorate to all districts for publicity. Census Helplines opened in all the districts, subdivisions and charges were operational throughout the enumeration period to register and redress public complaints besides providing technical and logistical support to enumerators and supervisors. Public complaints were attended to and corrective measures were taken right away. Such prompt attention instilled awareness and confidence among the masses regarding the importance of census as a national exercise. The actual enumeration was conducted between 9th Feb and 28th Feb, 2001 (both days inclusive) followed by a revisional round from 1 st March to 5th March, 2001. This effort was preceded by a house numbering exerci~ carried out by the enumerators in their respective enumeration blocks from 6th Feb. to 8th Feb, 2001. The houseless population was enumerated on the night of 28th Feb. 2001. The preliminary arrangements for carrying out the enumeration of the houseless populations was made well in advance with the enumerators already having identified the areas and spots inhabited by the houseless population in the night and the concerned district administrations provi9ing security and support to the enumerators and supervisors fanning out into these areas in the night of 28th February, 2001. Keeping in view the technological advancement which has taken place in the country, it has been planned that filled in census schedules will be read through scanners in order to generate various tables pertaining to Census of India 2001.
6 ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
The state of Jharkhand, which came into existence on the 15th of November, 2000, was part of the composite Bihar state at the time of 1991 Census. The Chotanagpur plateau region of erstwhile Bihar was separated from the parent state to form the new state of Jharkhand. At the time of 1991 Census the south Bihar area, or the Chhotanagpur plateau region, consisted of 13 districts. However, 5 new districts were created in the intervening period and the newly created Jharkhand state now consists of 18 districts. 5 old di~tricts during 1991 Census, viz., Palamu, Hazaribag, Giridih, Dhanbad and Sahibganj have been split up and they now consist of 10 districts. The jurisdiction of the new districts and the old districts from which they have been carved out are given below:
District Jurisdiction 1. Garhwa Garhwa subdivision of old Palamu district during1991 Census. 2. Palamu Daltonganj and Latehar subdivisions of Palamu district during 1991 Census. 3. Chatra Chatra sub-division of Hazaribag district during 1991 Census. 4. Kodarma Kodarma subdivision (except C.D.Blocks Chauparan and Barkatha) of Hazaribag district during 1991 Census. 5. Hazaribag Hazaribag Sadar subdivision and C.D.Blocks Chauparan and Barkatha of Kodarma sub-division of Hazaribag district during 1991 Census. 6. Bokaro Bermo subdivision of Giridih_ district and C.D.Blocks Chas and Chandankiyari of Dhanbad district during 1991 Census. 7. Dhanbad Dhanbad district excluding C.D.Blocks Chas and Chandankiyari of Dhanbad district during 1991 Census. 8. Giridih Giridih Sadar subdivision of Giridih district during 1991 Census. 9. Pakaur Pakaur subdivision of old Sahibganj district during 1991 Census. 10. Sahibganj Rajmahal subdivision of Sahibganj district during 1991 Census. The jurisdiction of the other 8 districts has remained unaffected over the decade. Provisional population totals are based on the Enumerators' Abstract prepared by the enumerators for their enumeration blocks after completing the work of revisional round from 1st to 5th March, 2001. These results were thereafter aggregated at charge (C.D. BlockfTown/Special Charge) and district level. The follOwing four tables, based on the provisional population totals of Jharkhand during Census of India 2001, are presented in this'paper: TABLE - 1 Population distribution, percentage decadal growth rate, sex-ratio and population density. TABLE -2 Percentage decadal variation in population since 1901 for state and districts. TABLE -3 Sex-ratio since 1901 for state and districts. TABLE-4 Population in the age-group 0-6, Number of literates, Literacy rate for state and districts. A few statements have also been prepared which have been dealt with in the course of analysis of the provisional population res~lts.
9 DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION AND GROWTH RATE
At 00.00 hours of 1st March, 2001, the state of Jharkhand, with an area of 79714 sq.km., had a population of 26,909,428 persons. Till 1991 Census, the state of Jharkhand was part of erstwhile Bihar. However, on recasting the population figures, it has been observed that at the time of 1991 census the population of Jharkhand was 21,843,911. While the area which comprises Jharkhand state today contained only 25 percent of the total population of the erstwhile Bihar at the time of 1991 census, it possessed as much as 46 percent of the total geographical area. In terms of population, Jharkhand area would have occupied 13th position among all states in the country during 1991" census. According to the provisional population totals of Census of India 2001, Jharkhand now occupies the same position and is placed after the states of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The first three positions in the country are occupied by the states of Uttar Pradesh, Maharastra and Bihar respectively.
The statement below shows the relative position of Jharkhand among the 28 states and 7 Union Territories of the country :
PROVISIONAL POPULATION TOTALS 2001 FIGURES AT A GLANCE
Population distribution, percentage decadal growth, sex ratio, population density and literacy rate - Statel India/Statesl Population 2001 Percentage Sex ratio Population Literacy rate 2001 UT Union territories" decadal (females per density Code growth 1000 males) (per sq. km.)
Persons Males Females 1981- 1991- 1991 2001 1991 2001 Persons Males Females 1991 2001 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 India 1.2.3 1027015247 531277078 495738169 23.86 21.34 927 933 267 324 65.38 75.85 54.16 1 Jammu & Kashmir • 10069917 5300574 4769343 30.34 29.04 896 900 77 99 54.46 65.75 41.82 2 Himchal Pradesh 5.7 6077248 3085256 2991992 20.79 17.53 976 970 93 109 77.13 86.02 68.08 3 Punjab 24289296 12963362 11325934 20.81 19.76 882 874 403 482 69.95 75.63 63.55 4 Chandigarh .. 900914 508224 392690 42.16 40.33 790 773 5632 7903 81.76 85.65 76.65 5 Uttaranchal 8479562 4316401 4163161 24.23 19.20 936 964 133 159 72.28 84.01 60.26 6 Haryana 21082989 11327658 9755331 27.41 28.06 865 861 372 477 68.59 79.25 56.31 7 Delhi * 13782976 7570890 6212086 51.45 46.31 827 821 6352 9294 81.82 87.37 75.00 8 Rajasthan 56473122 29381657 27091465 28.44 28.33 910 922 129 165 61.03 76.46 44.34 9 Uttar Pradesh 166052859 87466301 78586558 25.55 25.80 876 898 548 689 57.36 70.23 42.98 10 Bihar 82878796 43153964 39724832 23.38 28.43 907 921 685 880 47.53 60.32 33.57 11 Sikkim 540493 288217 252276 28.47 32.98 878 875 57 76 69.68 76.73 61.46 12 Arunachal Pradesh 1091117 573951 517166 36.83 26.21 859 901 10 13 54.74 64.07 44.24 13 Nagaland 1988636 1041686 946950 56.08 64.41 886 909 73 120 67.11 71.77 61.92 14 Manipur 2388634 1207338 1181296 29.29 30.02 958 978 82 107 68.87 77.87 59.70 15 Mizoram 891058 459783 431275 39.70 29.18 921 938 33 42 88.49 90.69 86.13 16 Tripura 3191168 1636138 1555030 34.30 15.74 945 950 263 304 73.66 81.47 65.41 17 Meghalaya 2306069 1167840 1138229 32.86 29.94 955 975 79 103 63.31 66.14 60.41 18 Assam 26638407 13787799 12850608 24.24 18.85 923 932 286 340 64.28 71.93 56.03 19 West Bengal 80221171 41487694 38733477 24.73 17.84 917 934 767 904 69.22 77.58 60.22 20 Jharkhand 26909428 13861277 13048151 24.03 23.19 922 941 274 338 54.13 67.94 39.38 21 Orissa 36706920 18612340 18094580 20.06 15.94 971 972 203 236 63.61 75.95 50.97 22 Chhatisgarh 20795956 10452426 10343530 25.73 ~8.06 985 990 130 154 65.18 77.86 52.40 23 Madhya Pradesh 60385118 31456873 28928245 27.24 24.34 912 920 158 196 64.11 76.80 50.28
10 State! India/States! Population 2001 Percentage Sex ratio Population Literacy rate 2001 UT Union territories* decadal (females pe density Code growth 1000 males (per sq. km.)
Persons Males Females 1981- 1991- 1991 2001 1991 2001 Persons Males Females 1991 2001 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 24 Gujarat 6.7 50596992 26344053 24252939 21.19 22.48 934 921 211 258 69.97 80.50 58.60 25 Daman & Diu * 158059 92478 65581 28.62 55.59 969 709 907 1411 81.09 88.40 70.37 26 Oadar & Nagar Haveli • 220451 121731 98720 33.57 59.20 952 811 282 449 60.03 73.32 42.99 27 Maharashtra 96752247 50334270 46417977 25.73 22.57 934 922 257 314 77.27 86.27 67.51 28 Andhara Pradesh 75727541 38286811 37440730 24.20 13.86 972 978 242 275 61.11 70.85 51.17 29 Karnataka 52733958 26856343 25877615 21.12 17.25 960 964 235 275 67.04 76.29 57.45 30 Goa 1343998 685617 658381 16.08 14.89 967 960 316 363 82.32 88.88 75.51 31 Laksadweep * 60595 31118 29477 28.47 17.19 943 947 1616 1894 87.52 93.15 81.56 32 Kerala 31838619 15468664 16369955 14.32 9.42 1036 1058 749 819 90.92 94.20 87.86 33 Tamil Nadu 62110839 31268654 30842185 15.39 11.19 974 986 429 478 73.47 82.33 64.55 34 Pondicherry * 973829 486705 487124 33.64 20.56 979 1001 1683 2029 81.49 88.89 74.13 35 Andman Nicobar Island 356265 192985 163280 48.70 26.94 818 846 34 43 81.18 86.07 75.29
Notes: 1. The Population of India includes the estimated population of entire Kachchh district, Morvi, Maliya-Miyana and Wankaner talukas of Rajkot district, Jodiya taluka of Jamnagar district of Gujarat state and entire Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh where population enumeration of Census of India 2001 could not be conducted due to natural calamities. 2. For working out the population density of India and Jammu' & Kashmir the entire area and population of those areas of Jammu & Kashmir which are under illegal occupation of Pakistan and China have not been taken into account. 3. The Literacy rates for India have been worked out by excluding the population and number of literates of areas affected by natural calamities of Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh as per details given in Note 1 above. 4. While working out the percentage decadal growth of population of Jammu & Kashmir the population figures for 1991 have been worked out by interpolation as 1991 Census could not be held there owing to disturbed conditions. 5. Figures shown against Himachal Pradesh have been arrived at after including the estimated figures of entire Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh where the population enumeration of Census of India, 2001could not be conducted due lo natural calamity. 6. Figures shown against Gujarat have been arrived at after including the estimated figures of entire Kachchh district, Morvi, Maliya Miyana and Wankaner talukas of Rajkot district. Jodiya taluka of Jamnagar district of Gujarat state where the population enumeration of Census of India, 2001 could not be conducted due to natural calamity. 7. Literacy rates shown against Himachal Pradesh and Gujarat do not include areas affected by natural calamities, the details of which are given in Note-1 above The following statement shows the population distribution, percentage decadal growth rate. sex-ratio and density of population for Jharkhand and India. "
Figure at a Glance for India and Jharkhand Population distribution, Percentage decadal growth rate, Sex-ratio and Population density
SI. India/State Population 2001 Percentage decadal Sex-ratio(Number of Population density No. Growth rate females per 1000 per sq. km. males) Persons Males Females 1981-91 1991-01 1991 2001 1991 2001*
1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 INDIA 1027015247 531277078 495738169 23.86 21.34 927 933 267 324 2 JHARKHAND 26909428 13861277 13048151 24.03 23.19 922 941 274 . 338
-It Area figure of the state on the basis of which population density has been worked out is provisional. It can be viewed that the growth rate of population of Jharkhand state (after recasting of population figures) has been slightly higher than that recorded for the country as a whole during 1981-1991, the growth rate being 24.03 and 23.86 respectively. However, during current decade (1991-2001), the growth of population in Jharkhand has registered a slight decline, coming down to 23.19 as against 24.03 during 1981-91. The population growth rate of Jharkhand state is more than the all India average of 21.34 percent during 1991-2001.
1 1 The distribution of population in relation to the districts, which are the main units of administration in the stat~ as well as the country, can be seen from Table-1 placed at Annexure-1. It is a common phenomenon that there are wide variations in almost every state in respect of area and popul~tion among the districts.
In Statement - 1 below all the districts in the state have been ranked in order of their population:
Statement - 1 Ranking of Districts by population size in 1991 and 2001
Rank in District Population Percent to total Population Percent to total Rank in 1991 2001 2001 Population of the State 1991 population of the 2001 State 1991 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Ranchi 2783577 10.34 2214048' 10.14 1 2 Dhanbad 2394434 8.90 1949526 8.92 2 3 Hazaribag 2277108 8.46 1836068 8.41 3 4 Palamu 2092004 7.77 1649841 7.55 5 5 Pashchimi Singhbhum 2080265 7.73 1787955 8.19 4 6 Purbi Singhbhum 1978671 7.35 1613088 7.38 6 7 Giridih 1901564 7.07 1496189 6.85 7 8 Bokaro 1775961 6.60 1454416 6.66 9 9 Dumka 1754571 6.52 1495709 6.85 8 - 10 Gumla 1345520 5.00 1153976 5.28 10 11 Deoghar 1161370 4.32 933113 4.27 11 12 Godda 1047264 3.89 861182 3.94 12 13 Garhwa 1034151 3.84 801350 3.67 13 14 Sahibganj 927584 3.45 736835 3.37 14 15 Chatra 790680 2.94 612713 2.81 15 16 Pakaur 701616 2.62 564253 2.58 16 17 Kodarma 498683 1.85 394763 1.81 17 18 Lohardaga 364405 1.35 288886 1.32 18
From the point of view of population distribution, the three top districts in the state of Jharkhand are Ranchi, Dhanbad and Hazaribag containing 10.34";' 8.90 and 8.46 percent respectively, of the total population of the state, according to the provisional population figures of 2001 Census. Ranchi is the most populous district of the state. The three districts at the bottom, as far as population is concerned, are Lohardaga (1.35%), Kodarma (1.85%) and Pakaur (2.62%). While Lohardaga is an old districts, Kodarma and Pakaur are newly created districts, carved out of Hazaribag and Sahibganj districts respectively, after 1991 Census. These three districts have retained their rank and position vis a-vis 1991 Census. The ranking position of these three districts in terms of population is the same in 2001 as was at the time of 1991 census. Lohardaga, like 1991 Census, is the least populous district in the state of Jharkhand. The average population of a district of Jharkhand has been worked out to be 1,494,968 during 2001 Census as against 1,213,551 in 1991 Census. The comparative distribution of population among the districts is set out in the diagram in this paper.
12 GROWTH RATE OF POPULATION IN DISTIRCTS
The population of a country, or any state, keeps on changing over a period of time. The excess of incidence of births over deaths causes an iocrease in the population of any country or state and this is termed as 'natural increase'. Migration is another important factor for population variation, though it does not have substantial effect on the population growth of any country or state. Hence, it is mainly the interaction of births and deaths that alters the population status of any country or state.
Table - 2 placed at Annexure - 2 shows the district-wise decadal v~riation in population since 1901. The diagram of Jharkhand depicting decennial growth rate (1901-2001) is presented in this paper. It is observed from Table - 2 that the growth rates have shown very wide fluctuations in the districts over the decades. During 1901-11, while all the districts have shown an increase in growth rate, the rate of increase has, however, been maximum in the minin.g and industrial belt of Dhanbad during this decade (32.00%). The district of Dhanbad has maintained this position and remained at the top during the decades 1911-21,1941-51 and 1951-61. In the decades thereafter i.e. till 1981-91, the district of Bokaro, which has been carved out of the old Dhanbad and Giridih districts, has registered maximum increase in growth rate. During the current decade Le. 1991-2001, the newly 9reated districts of Garhwa and Chatra have shown the highest rise in decadal growth rate (29.05% each). These two districts were part of the old Palamu and Hazaribag districts respectively in the earlier censuses. The districts of Purbi Singhbum and Pashchimi Singhbhum have also registered a higher growth rate throughout, except for two or three decades in between. During 1911-21, when the state's increase in decadal growth rate was very marginal and population of 'Dany of the districts decreased, there was an increase in population in Dhanbad, Palamu, Purbi Singbhum, Pashchimi Singhbhum and in the area which presentiy falls in the newly created district of Bokaro (which was earlier part of Dhanbad and Giridih districts). From the decade1921-31 onwards, no district in the state has shown a negative growth rate, Le., decline in population, although fluctuations are noticed in the population growth rate among districts in all the succeeding decades. In the present decade Le.1991-2001, as many as 11 districts have recorded a population growth rate higher than the state average of 23.19. Among these, newly created districts of Garhwa and Chatra rank first (29.05 each). The district with the least population growth rate during the decade is Pashchimi Singhbhum (16.35%) which, in fact, has shown a decline in the population growth rate vis-a-vis 1981-1991 (20.58%).
13 SEX -RATIO
It has been observed during various Censuses that the number of males and females are rarely at parity, the males generally outnumbering the females. The sex-ratio, expressed as the number of females per 1000 males, indicates whether there is any deficiency or surp1us of females in the population. The sex-ratio is said to be favourable to females, if the number of females exceeds that of males, and adverse, if the opposite holds good. Table - 3 placed at Annexure - 3 presents sex-ratio of the population for the state and the districts from 1901- onwards. It is interesting to note that the sex-ratio in the state has remained favourable to females during the decades 1901,1911 and 1921. Thereafter, sex-ratio has started showing a declining trend and has always remained unfavourable to females. Significantly, there has been increase of 19 points in the sex-ratio of Jharkhand state at 2001 Census, the sex- ratio being 941 as against 922 at the time of 1991 Census. After recasting the figures of sex-ratio of Jharkhand since 1901, it is observed that the sex-ratio in Jharkhand since 1901 has always remained higher than that for the country as a whole till 1981 Census. However, the sex-ratio of 922 for the state of Jharkhand, worked out for 1991 Census, is comparatively lower than the national average of 927. However, at the present census, the state has shown substantial increase in sex-ratio, 19 points more than 1991 Census. The sex-ratio recorded this time for Jharkhand, as per the provisional population figures, is 941 as against 922 worked out for 1991 Census. If we compare the sex-ratio figures of Jharkhand with the country and other states for the present Census, it transpires that Jharkhand has once again recorded higher sex-ratio (941) as compared to national average of 933. The states having higher sex-ratio than that of Jharkhand are Kerala (1058), Chhatisgarh (990), Tamil Nadu (986), Manipur (978), Andhra Pradesh (978), Meghalya (975), Orissa (972), Himachal Pradesh (970), Karnataka (964), UUranchal (964), Goa (960) and Tripura (950). Kerala is the only state in the country which has returned sex ratio favourable for females during 2001 Census. All other states have a lower sex-ratio vis-a-vis Jharkhand state. Among Union Territories, Pondicherry has returned a 3ex-ratio ~hich is favourable for females (1001). It can be observed from Table - 3 placed at Annexure - 3 that the sex-ratio in most of the districts of Jharkhand is consistently decreasing over the decades. The newly created districts of Chatra and Kodarma as well as Giridih and Lohardaga districts have recorded a balanced sex-ratio in most of the decades. The first three decades (1901, 1911 and 1921) have registered a favourable or a near favourable sex-ratio for females in the state as well as in most of the districts except Dhanbad. The 1991 Census had shown a substantial decline in the sex-ratio for the state and all its districts, except in case of Dhanbad & Purbi Singhbhum districts. However, during the present census it can be seen that the tendency of declining sex-ratio has been checked and the state of Jharkhand along with all its constituent districts has witnessed a relatively big her sex-ratio. Statement - 2 below helps to assess the comparative position of sex-ratio in 18 districts of the state during 1991 and 2001 Census: Statement· 2 Ranking of Districts by Sex-ratio Rank in District Sex-ratio (Number of females per 1000 males) Rank in 1991 2001 2001 1991 1 2 3 4 5
1 Kodarma 1001 986 2 2 Gumla 995 987 1 3 Giridih 983 966 4 4 Lohardaga 976 971 3 5 Pashchimi Singhbhum 976 965 5 6 Chatra 964 952 8
14 Rank in District Sex-ratio (Number of females per 1000 males) Rank in 1991 2001 2001 1991 1 2 3 4 5 7 Dumka 961 955 6 8 Pakaur 958 954 7 9 Hazaribag 950 914 14 10 Sahibganj 943 924 11 11 Ranchi 938 921 13 12 Palamu 937 932 9 13 Garhwa 935 926 10 14 Purbi Singhbhum 931 906 16 15 Godda 926 922 12 16 Deoghar 914 911 15 17 Bokaro 895 865 17 18 Dhanbad 874 819 18
From the statement, it would be evident that the sex-ratio is favourable to females in the district of Kodarma (1001) in the state during 2001 Census where females have outnumbered males, registering an increase of 15 pOints over 1991 Census (986). Gumla district, which ranked first in 1991, so far as sex-ratio is concerned, has slipped down to the second position in 2001 coming next to Kodarma which has exchanged its position with Gumla in the present Census. The districts of Giridih and Lohardaga also reflect the same trend and the two districts have also exchanged ranks between 1991 and 2001 Censuses. Dhanbad district as usual occupies the bottom position, retaining the same rank and position as it registered at the time of 1991 Census. This district has, however, shown considerable improvement in sex-ratio over the decade although it is still far behind other districts. Hazaribag district has improved its position over the decade, occupying 9th position this time compared with 14th rank during 1991 Census. There are as many as 10 districts viz, Kodarma (1001), Gumla (995), Giridih (983), Lohardaga (976), Pashchimi Singhbhum (976), Chatra (964), Dumka (961), Pakaur (958), Hazaribag (950) and Sahibganj (943) which have recorded sex-ratio higher than the state average of 941 during 2001 Census.
15 DENSITY OF POPULATION
Population in relation to the area is termed as population density. In this paper, the number of persons living in an area of one square kilometre has been taken as the density of population (persons/km2).
It can be seen from Table-1, placed at Annexure-1, that the density of population i.e. number of persons per sq.km. in Jharkhand is 338 during 2001 Census as against 274 at the time of 1991 Census. Jharkhand state is rather sparsely populated in comparison to the state of Bihar. The population density of Jharkhand (338) is much less compared to the density of population of Bihar (880) and marginaJly above the national average (324), as per the provisional population figures of 200.1 Census. The population density of only 10 states has been returned as higher than that of Jharkhand during the present census. The states with a lower density of population as compared to Jharkhand are -Arunachal Pradesh (13), Mizoram (42), Sikkim (76), Himachal Pradesh (99), Meghalaya (103), Manipur (107), Nagaland (120), Chhatisgarh (154), Uttaranchal (159), Rajasthan (165), Madhya Pradesh (196), Orissa (236), Gujarat (258), Andhra Pradesh (275), Kamataka (275), Tripura (304), Maharashtra (314) and Jammu & Kashmir (324).
The density of population for the state as also for each district during 1991 and 2001 Censuses is shown in Statement - 3 below:
Statement - 3 Ranking of Districts by Density of Population
Rank in 2001 District Density of Population Rank in 1991 2001* 1991 1 2 3 4 5 1 Dhanbad 1167 950 1 2 Bokaro 621 508 2 3 Sahibganj 580 461 3 4 Purbi Singhbhum 560 457 4 5 Godda 496 408 5 6 Deoghar 468 376 6 7 Pakaur 388 312 7 8 Giridih 382 301 9 9 Kodarma 380 301 8 10 Hazaribag 370 299 10 11 Ranchi 362 288 11 12 Dumka 282 241 12 13 Garhwa 256 198 13 14 Lohardaga 244 194 14 15 Palamu 240 190 15 16 Chatra - 213 165 17 17 Pash.Singhbhum 210 180 16 18 Gumla 148 127 18
* Area figures of districts on the basis of which population densities have been worked out are provisional.
16 . Change in population density mainly depends on the rate of population growth and the land utilisation patterns. Accordingly, the density varies from place to place and from district to district. It can be seen from the above statement that among the districts, Dhanbad is the most densely populated (1167) in the state of Jharkhand. Bokaro (621), which occupies the second position in the state, has almost half the density of population of Dhanbad. Except in the case of Giridih and Kodarma as well as Chatra and Pashchimi Singhbhum districts, which have exchanged positions with each other, all other districts have retained their rank in 2001 Census vis-a-vis in 1991 Census. It is common phenomenon that the density increases in all districts including the state over the decades on account of growth of population in every census year while geographical area remains almost the same. It further transpires from the above statement that there are as many as 11 districts in the state which have registered higher population density than the state average of 338. These are Dhanbad, Bokaro, Sahibganj, Purbi Singhbhum, Godda, Deoghar, Pakaur, Giridih, Kodarma, Hazaribag and Ranchi (Population density ranging between 362 and 1167). The highest density of population is in Dhanbad (1167) and the lowest density of population has been found in case of Gumla (148). The district of Gumla had the lowest population density during 1991 Census also. LITERACY
One of the important characteristics of population on which information is obtained in the Census is literacy. For the purpose of Census of India 2001, a person is deemed literate if he or she can read and write with understanding in any language. A person who can merely read but cannot write is not considered literate. A person could, however, be a literate without having had any formal education or having passed any minimum educational standard. Ability to merely sign one's name is not adequate to qualify a person as literate. In the earlier Censuses i.e. till 1971, all children of the age of 4 years and less were treated as illiterates, even if some among them attended school and had picked up reading and writing of a few odd words. However, since 1981 Census the population aged 7 years and above is to be classified as literate or illiterate. In view of this, during Census of India 2001, the question on literacy was canvassed only for population aged 7 years and above. Following this criterion, the total number of persons returned as literate in Jharkhand during 2001 Census is 11970177. Literate males greatly outnumber literate females. Among the total literates 7759966 are males and 4210211 females, which means that for every 100 literate males there are, on an average, 54 literate females. It is quite evident from Table 4 placed at Annexure-4 that literacy rate for the state of Jharkhand, according to the provisional population totals (2001 Census), is 54.13 as against 41.39 worked out for 1991 Census. Literacy rate in the state has increased roughly by 13 percentage points between 1991 and 2001 but it is still very low as compared to the all India average of 65.38 percent. It is seen from the table that male literates (67.94) are Slightly less than double the female Iiterat~s (39.38) in Jharkhand. It must, however, be said that the literacy rates have shown Significant upward trend over the decade both for males and females (females having an edge over males). The sexwise comparative literacy rates for males and females over last six decades (1951 to 2001) can be viewed from Statement-4 placed below:
Statement - 4 Literacy Rate 1951-2001
Year Persons Males Females 1 2 3 4 1951 12.93 19.05 6.18 1961 21.14 33.27 8.34 1971 23.87 35.56 11.36 1981 35.03 49.71 19.13 1991 41.39 55.80 25.52 2001 54.13 67.94 39.38
Note: Literacy rates for 1951,1961 and 1971 relate to population aged five years and above. The rates for the years 1981 to 2001 relate to population aged seven years and above.
It is manifest from the above statement that literacy rates both for males and females are improving over the decades in the state. The iiteracy rate for Jharkhand state has, however, remained lower than the all India average for all the census years. It is, however, worthwhile to mention that literacy rates for 1951, 1961 and 1971 relate to population aged five years and above while the rates for the years 1981 to 2001 relate to population aged 7 years and above.
In the statement-5 below, comparative literacy rates for males and females in all the districts of Jharkhand for 1991 and 2001 Censuses have been presented:
18 Statement - 6 Literacy rates by sex for State and Districts
SI. State/District Literacy rate '* No Persons Males Females 1991 2001 1991 2001 1991 2001 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Jharkhand 41.39 54.13 55.80 67.94 25.52 39.38 1 Garhwa 26.06 39.39 39.03 54.69 11.85 22.91 2 'Palamu 33.52 45.67 47.57 59.76 18.21 30.50 3 Chatra 27.84 43.35 40.45 55.67 14.39 30.50 4 Hazaribag 41.21 58.05 56.54 72.16 24.13 43.15 5 Kodarma 38.52 52.73 58.12 71.57 18.61 34.03 6 Giridih 32.24 45.16 49.81 63.07 13.91 27.05 7 Deoghar 37.92 50.53 54.12 66.93 19.74 32.33 8 Godda 34.02 43.73 48.56 58.07 18.00 27.98 9 Sahibganj 29.37 37.91 39.51 48.33 18.27 26.78 10 Pakaur 23.96 30.54 33.56 40.19 13.80 20.44 11 Dumka 34.02 48.31 49.29 63.28 17.91 32.68 12 Dhanbad 54.24 67.49 67.82 80.03 37.00 52.93 13 Bokaro 51.14 62.98 66.48 76.99 32.85 47.17 14 Ranchi 51.52 65.69 65.12 77.76 36.57 52.77 15 Lohardaga 40.79 53.97 54.99 67.84 26.11 39.88 16 Gumla 39.67 52.35 51.70 64.14 27.48 40.56 17 Pash.Singhbhum 38.92 50.70 54.75 66.23 22.44 34.81 18 Purbi Singhbhum 59.05 69.42 71.18 80.08 45.50 57.95
Note: - * Literacy rate is the percentage of literates to population aged 7 Years and above.
It can be observed that all the districts have registered increase in literacy rates over the decade. Most of the districts have registered increase of more that 10 percentage points in the literacy rates during 2001 Census vis-a-vis 1991 Census. For only three districts, viz., Godda, Sahibganj and Pakaur, the rise is less than 10 percentage points. The maximum rise in literacy rate has been observed in the case of Hazaribag district where the increase in percentage points over the decade has been more than 16. The districts having higher literacy rates than the state average of 54.13 are Purbi Singhbhum (69.42), Dhanbad (67.49), Ranchi (65.69), Bokaro (62.98) and Hazaribag (58.0~). Pakaur district has the least literacy rate (30.54%) followed by Sahibganj (37.91%) and Garhwa (39.39%) districts. Pakaur and Garhwa are the newly created districts carved out of Sahibganj and Palamu districts. Variation in male and female literacy is another important aspect. The sexwise break up of literacy rate clearly indicates that the females have outnumbered males so far as decadal increase in literacy percentages is concerned. The decadal increase in literacy rate among females has been 13.86% while the corresponding increase among males has been 12.14%. While the increase in percentage literacy points among females varies between 19 points (Hazaribag) and 6 points (Pakaur) apprOXimately, the rise in percentage points among males varies between 16 points (Garhwa) and 7 points (Pakaur). Female literacy rate is highest in Purbi Singhbhum district (57.95%) closely followed by Dhanbad (52.93%) and Ranchi (52.77%) districts. Female literates are found to be the least in Pakaur
19 (20.44) district followed by Garhwa (22.91 %) and Sahibganj (26.78%) districts.
The districts have been arranged below in decreasing order of literacy rates during 2001 Census;
Rank in 2001 District Literacy Rate 1 2 3 1 Purbi Singhbhum 69.42 2 Dhanbad 67.49 3 Ranchi 65.69 4 Bokaro 62.98 5 Hazaribag 58.05 6 Lohardaga 53.97 7 Kodarma 52.73 8 Gumla 52.35 9 Pash.Singhbhum 50.70 10 Deoghar 50.53 11 Dumka 48.31 12 Palamll 45.67 13 Giridih 45.16 14 Godda 43.73 15 Chatra 43.35 16 Garhwa 39.39 17 Sahibganj 37.91 18 Pakaur 30.54
The districts have been shown below, in decreasing order of female literacy rates, during 2001 Census: l Rank in 2001 District Literacy Rate 1 2 3 1 Purbi Singhbhtfm 57.95 2 Dhanbad 52.93 3 Ranchi 52.77 4 Bokaro 47.17 5 Hazaribag 43.15 6 Gumla 40.56 7 Lohardaga 39.88 8 Pash.Singhbhum 34.81 9 Kodarma 34.03 10 Dumka 32.68 11 Deoghar 32.33 12 Palamu 30.50 13 Chatra 30.50 14 Godda - 27.98 15 Giridih - 27.05 16 Sahibganj 26.78 17 Garhwa 22.91 18 Pakaur I 20.44 20 PROVISIONAL POPULATION TABLES
Annexure -1
TABLE -1 Population distribution, Percentage decadal growth rate, Sex-ratio and Population density
51. State/District Population 2001 Percentage decadal Sex-ratio(Number Population density No growth rate of females per sq. km. per 1000 males)
Persons Males Females 1981-91 1991-01 1991 2001 1991 2001* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Jharkhand State 26909428 13861277 13048151 24.03 23.19 922 941 274 338
1 Garhwa 1034151 534433 499718 32.07 29.05 926 935 198 256
2 Palamu 2092004 1079829 1012175 25.87 26.80 932 937 190 240
3 Chatra 790680 402565 388115 32.43 29.05 952 964 165 213
4 Hazaribag 2277108 1167526 1109582 28.63 24.02 914 950 299 370
5 Kodarma 498683 249276 249407 28.08 26.32 986 1001 301 380
6 Giridih 1901564 958904 942660 28.92 27.09 966 983 301 382
7 Deoghar 1161370 606688 554682 31.64 24.46 911 914 376 468
8 Godda 1047264 543784 503480 20.71 21.61 922 926 408 496
9 5ahibganj 927584 477366 450218 19.69 25.89 924 943 461 580
10 Pakaur 701616 358414 343202 21.57 24.34 954 958 312 388
11 Dumka 1754571 894849 859722 23.05 17.31 955 961 241 282
12 Dhanbad 2394434 1277516 1116918 22:70 22.82 819 874 950 1167
13 Bokaro 1775961 937188 838773 32.57 22.11 865 895 508 621 , 14 Ranchi 2783577 1436423 1347154 21.42 25.72 921 938 288 362
15 Lohardaga 364405 184405 180000 25.72 26.14 971 976 194 244
16 Gumla 1345520 674455 671065 13.44 16.60 987 995 127 148
17 Pashchimi .Singhbhurr 2080265 1052711 1027554 20.58 16.35 965 976 180 210
18 Purbi Singhbhum 1978671 1024945 953726 16.98 22.66 906 931 457 560
* Area figures on the basis of which population density of state and districts have been worked out are provisional.
23 Annexure -2
TABLE - 2 Percentage decadal variation in population since 1901 for State and Districts
SI. State/District Percentage decadal variation No. 1901-11 1911-21 1921-31 1931-41 1941-51 1951-61 1961-71 1971-81 1981-91 1991-01 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Jharkhand State 11.19 0.31 16.86 12.13 9.35 19.69 22.68 23.79 24.03 23.19
1 Garhwa 10.90 6.64 11.64 11.48 8.00 22.00 29.96 30.09 32.07 29.05
2 Palamu 10.90 6.64 11.64 11.48 8.00 19.85 25.22 26.28 25.87 26.80
3 Chatra 9.39 -0.90 18.83 15.42 10.61 22.37 26.35 26.93 32.43 29.05
4 Hazaribag 9.39 -0.91 18.83 15.42 10.61 27.48 32.62 37.75 28.63 24.02
5 Kodarma 9.39 -0.91 18.83 15.42 10.61 17.89 21.07 25.78 28.08 26.32
6 Giridih 9.39 -0.90 18.83 15.42 10.61 21.16 25.29 23.90 28.92 27.09 7 Deoghar - 4.04 -4.46 14.30 8.99 3.92 14.16 21.12 21.24 31.64 24.46 8 Godda 4.04 -4.46 14.30 8.99 3.92 10.87 20.98 18.73 20.71 21.61
9 Sahibganj 4.04 -4.46 14.30 8.99 3.92 19.52 22.43 21.38 19.69 25.89
10 Pakaur 4.04 -4.46 14.30 8.99 3.92 25.08 16.16 15.15 21.57 24.34
11 Dumka 4.04 -4.46 14.30 8.99 3.92 12.97 16.76 11.40 23.05 17.31
12 Dhanbad 32.00 12.40 15.89 13.33 21.71 30.62 16.42 39.19 22.70 22.82
13 Bokaro 16.19 3.64 17.74 14.66 14.61 21.92 37.51 43.85 32.57 22.11
14 Ranchi 16.81 -3.79 17.44 6.91 11.09 17.51 26.49 23.68 21.42 25.72
15 Lohardaga 16.81 -3.79 17.44 6.91 11.09 14.77 16.86 14.08 25.72 26.14
16 Gllmla 16.81 -3.79 17.44 6.91 11.09 13.77 16.86 8.71 13.44 16.60
17 Pashchimi Singhbhum 1~.65 5.77 22.19 19.25 8.61 15.22 16.56 7.97 20.58 16.35
18 Purbi Singhbhum 11.65 5.77 22.19 19.25 8.64 28.58 22.12 29.56 16.98 22.66
24 Annexure -3
TABLE - 3 Sex-ratio since 1901 for State and Districts
SI. State/District Sex- ratio ( Number of females per 1000 males) No. 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Jharkhand State 1032 1021 1002 989 978 961 960 945 940 922 941
1 Garhwa 1023 1012 996 998 996 984 986 962 954 926 935
2 Palamu 1023 1012 996 998 996 974 984 964 958 932 937
3 Chatra 1066 1048 1046 1018 991 1034 1020 1010 1000 952 964
4 Hazaribag 1066 1048 1046 1018 991 988 968 954 933 914 950
5 Kodarma 1066 1048 1046 1018 991 1053 1016 1030 1034 986 1001
6 Giridih 1066 1048 1046 1018 991 944 1042 1022 1016 966 983
7 Oeoghar 1019 1017 1007 1000 993 937 960 932 932 911 914
8 Godda 1019 1017 1008 1000 993 1000 989 964 957 922 926
9 Sahibganj 1019 1017 1007 1000 993 988 976 959 955 924 943
10 Pakaur 1019 1017 1008 1000 993 989 987 966 971 954 958
11 Oumka 1019 1017 1007 1000 993 986 985 967 968 955 961
12 Ohanbad 951 891 849 831 827 787 763 780 807 819 874
13 Bokaro 1030 992 969 945 929 944 929 871 867 865 895
14 Ranchi 1058 1050 1026 1017 1005 974 960 944 928 921 938
15 Lohardaga 1058 1050 1026 1017 1005 992 1027 1027 10)1 971 976
16 Gumla 1058 1050 1026 1017 1005 996 1019 1010 1019 987 995
17 Pashchimi Singhbhum 1026 1031 1004 989 983 1014 1009 983 977 965 976
18 Purbi Singhbhum 1026 1031 1004 989 983 907 897 892 905 906 931
25 Annexure -4
TABLE -4
Population in the age-group 0-6,Number of literates and Literacy rate for State and Districts
SI. Statel District Total Population Population in age group 0-6 Number of literates • Literacy rate # No. Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Jharkhand State 26909428 13861277 13048151 4796188 2440025 2356163 11970177 7759966 4210211 54.13 67.94 39.38
1 Garhwa 1034151 534433 499718 220490 112504 107986 320533 230771 89762 39.39 54.69 22.91
2 Palamu 2092004 1079829 1012175 413844 209604 204240 766490 520077 246413 45.67 59.76 30.50
3 Chatra 790680 402565 388115 160519 80902 79617 273166 179084 94082 43.35 55.67 30.50
4 Hazaribag 2277108 .11'67526 1109582 413203 210276 202927 1081921 690735 391186 58.05 72.16 43.15
5 Kodarma 498683 249276 249407 99116 50258 48858 210679 142440 68239 52.73 71.57 34.03
6 Giridih 1901564 958904 942660 397889 202907 194982 679053 476833 202220 45.16 63.07 27.05
7 Deoghar 1161370 _ 606688 554682 220003 111492 108511 475684 331435 144249 50.53 66.93 32.33
8 Godda 1047264 543784 503480 198457 99448 99009 371184 258025 113159 43.73 58.07 27.98
9 Sahibganj 927584 477366 450218 189070 95899 93171 279980 184378 95602 37.91 48.33 26.78
10 Pakaur 701616 358414 343202 141520 71901 69619 171056 115149 55907 30.54 40.1~ 20.44
11 Dumka 1754571 894849 859722 306331 155010 151321 699682 468188 231494 48.31 63.28 32.68
12 Dhanbad 2394434 1277516 1116918 368048 188486 179562 1367678 871572 496106 67.49 80.03 52.93
13 Bokaro 1775961 937t88 838773 280195 143977 136218 942078 610688 331390 62.98 76.99 47.17
14 Ranchi 2783577 1436423 1347154 442563 225819 216744 1537826 941317 596509 65.69 77.76 52.77
15 Lohardaga 364405 184405 180000 69948 36013 33935 158918 100668 58250 53.97 67.84 39.88
16 Gumls 1345520 674455 671065 241135 121963 119172 578182 354358 223824 52.35 64.14 40.56
17 Pash.Singhbhum 2080265 1052711 1027554 361636 183300 178336 871410 575772 295638 50.70 66.23 34.81
18 Purbi Singhbhum 1978671 1024945 953726 272221 140266 131955 1184657 708476 476181 69.42 80.08 57.95
Note- * Literates exclude children in the age-group 0-6 Years who were by definition treated as illiterate in the Census of India 2001. # Literacy rate is the percentage of literates to population aged 7 Years and above.
26 MAPS
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E ~, :; (5 :I: Z >- W ~ 0 W Cl:: ~ ~ C) C/ LL " Q! 0 5 ~ I >- ~ w rn 2: / ..: "::I ° ;1; « I- J w rn.. :I: .... => ::::i .~ co (5 .., c: ":0 . ~ ..c. =>" -=>j c. ::;:.. _!!! u E (5 ..>- ~ CIJ c: 0 C. ::I U · 00 ...... on N N m'" 32 -- - --_ c=--;_-- - ~- ----=~ ~ DIAGRAMS AND CHARTS JHARKHAND COMPARATIVE SIZE OF POPULATION 2001 (DISTRICTS) 1.46% 22"'" 37 JHARKHAND COMPARATIVE SIZE OF AREA AND POPULATION 2001 15 g10 ? :z: 5 o GARHWA PALAMU CHATRA HAZARIBAG CO> c::> c::> CO> o ? ~ 1] :z: ~ 5 5 i!!: a r J J J J 0 D PURBI KODARMA GIRIDIH DEOGHAR GODDA SINGHBHUM 275 250 225 ~ lOJ5 80 200 i!!: 0 r J r J J 70 175 SAHIBGANJ PAKAUR DUMKA DHANBAD 60 150 g C> ? 50 125 ~ c::> CO> ?40 :z: 100 30 75 20 50 ~10J ~5 10 25 i!!: 0 J J r J 0 0 BOKARO RANCHI lOHARDAGA GUMLA JHARKHAND AREAINKPi PERSONS 38 JHARKHAND GROWTH OF POPULATION 1901·2001 DECENNIAL GROWTH CD N ~ o~ 30 en CD N en CD 0 N CD 20 ,." ~ ,._~ N en N CD ~ ~ ~ CD ." 0 N CD en ,._ ,._ CD en - ,." 0 CD 0 ,._ N ,._ CD en ,." N . ,._ CD CD 10 ,." ,._ ,._ 0 CD ~ en CD CD ,._~ CD,._ CD 0 CD · CD 0 ,._ ii 4ft (5 0 N ;;; ~ in iii en !!! en en en en 0 S!! S!! !!! !!! N CENSUS YEAR 39 JHARKHAND . TRENDS IN DECADAL GROWTH OF POPULATION 1901 - 2001 GARHWA PAlAHU [HATRA 40 --,---r-- - --.--1-- 40 --,-,-- I I I I I 30 I , IU I l CJ oC I I- 20 z: ;:i -- 20 IU U III: 10 IU 10 Q.. 0 I -10 .,... .,... .,... ~ ~ .,... .,... ~ .,... ,., ;::: .- ;;; c;;: .,... ;;; ;r; ;::: .- .- ;;; ...... c;;: I ...... I I I I I ""' ".!. .!. I ".!. C; '"".!. ".!. ".!. C; '" ".!. I ".!. ".!. .!. ".!. C> '" ".!. N -4 aD N :; C> N aD N :; ~ aD ...... :0 ::0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ""~ ~ ~ I I , I , I , I I I , I , , I I I I I I KODARHA __GIRIDIH .... _--1 __ DEOGHAR GODDA 40 -1-- -- 40 - -1--'-- 1 I , I 30 I f I 30 I I ""CJ I I ~ 20 --_-- z: I 20 u ""III: 10 ""Q.. 0 0 -10 SAHIBGANJ PAKAUR OUHKA DHANBAD 40 ---r--,-- 40 --T--r-- --,--,-- 30 I I I 30 , I CJ I "" I I I I- 20 z:• 20 --+---t-- I ""u III:w 10 10 Q.. 0 0 -10 BOKARO RAN[HI lOHARDAGA GUHlA 50 --T--'-- ---,--,-- ---,- -,-- --"1--'-- 40 I I I ,1 I I I I I 3D - - +-- -,-- r-----I ""CJ , I z:~ 20 I ""u ...III: Q.. Q -10 PASHCfM SIN6HBHUH PtJR8I SIf6HBHUf1 JHARKHAND ---'---1-- ---,.---t--- 30 ---,-- T--- I 1 , , I 20 I ~ ::j I I :i... 10 10 Q.. 0 0 .- ...- .-.,...... - .,... .,... .,... .,... .,... .- ;;; ;r; c;;: ;;; ;r; ...... ,... ,., ;r; 0- .... I I ...... ".!. .,! I .!. I I I ".!. .!. C> .!. ".!. .!. ".!. C> N ..., ;;;;: N :; C; N :; ~ ...... ~ ~ ""~ ~ ~ ~ ~ '"~ ""~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I 1 I I I ·1 1 1 .1 l I I I I I I I I I , , , I , I 40 JHARKHAND SEX RATIO 1901·2001 1100 N rt') o N o N o o 1000 en &...I _J cr :9: 0 N 0 N 0 en a::: L&J a.. en 900 UJ _J cr :E LaJ La.. 800 -o rt') 1.0 (D en -o en -en en en en en o N CENSUS YEAR f '_•• - ' 41 JHARKHAND JHARKHAND TRENDS IN SEX RATIO 1»01000 l 1901 - 2001 900 800 ...... -~ N -# -0 CD -~ - ~ ~ - ~ ~ ~ ~ N GARHWA PAlAHU CHATRA 1100 1000 l 900 800 l VI IoU KODARHA GIRIDIH ....J HAZARIBAG V'I~ wE: 1100 ....J~ 1000 l ~~ w_::E:~ 900 ~ a:: LLI CL 800 l DEOGHAR GODDA SAHIBGANJ 1100 1000 l - 900 800 l l VI DUHKA DHANBAD LLI PAKAUR ~ ",< 1100 LLlE: 1000 _J l <~ ::E:~ LLI~ 900 u.. - a:: w 800 Q.. l 60KARO RANCHI l OHARDAGA 1100 ~ 1000 900 800- l l wV'I GUHlA PURBI SING HBHUM ~ PASH~HlHI SINGHBHUH VI< 1100 l LLI:E: ....J 1000 l 4(0 :E:~ I&.I~ u..- 900 ex w CL 800 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l I .... .- ...... !_' ,J_'J_'l!J_ ~ N -# -0 CD C; C N .-#- ::a C; C; ~ N -# -0 CD ~ 0- 0- ~ .~ - 0- ~ 0- 0- 0- ~ ~ - .- .- ~ ~ ~ ~ .- ~ - N N ~ ~ .... N ...... 42 Sl:>l~lSIO :I: :::l ::J: . CD ::J: 2 (!) ::;) Z ::J: CD en C[ ::J: .., (!) (!) (!) z C[ C[ a:: :I: C[ Q Z <{ C[ 0 .Q ..... C) Z C) 0 C'I N C • :I: >- () ~ ~ 0 z rtl L&J IZ U a! a:: C III L&J .... Q_ :I: 0 Z .., -..... ~ o CD 43 JHARKHAND FEMALE LITERACY 2001 PAKAUR GARHWA SAHIBGANJ GIRIDIH GODDA PALAHU ':\' .. ''\ ~ . . . ~~. (." ~ _l _ ~ ...... :.. '. CHATRA DEOGHAR DUMKA Vl ...... KODARMA '--' ~ PASHCHIHI SINGHBHUM ...... LOHARDAGA Vl GUHLA Cl HAZARIBAG BOKARO RANCHI DHANBAD PURBI SINGHBHUH I I I I I I 60 50 40 30 20 10 IN PER (ENT • I .. I ,K 44 Census Hierarchy REGISTRAR GENERAL AND CENSUS COMMISSIONER, INDIA 1 DIRECTOR -CUM- CHIEF PRINCIPAL JOINT REGISTRAR GENERAL, CENSUS OFFICER DEPUTY REGISTRAR GENERAL, ASSTT. REGISTRAR GENERAL, JOINT DIRECTOR, DY. DIRECTOR, ASSTT. DIRECTOR, RESEARCH JOINT DIRECTOR! DY. DIRECTOR! OFFICER ASSTT. DIRECTOR -CUM- JOINT! _DEPUTY! ASSTT. CHIEF PRINCIPAL CENSUS OFFIGER I OTHER OFFICERS & STAFF OTHER OFFICERS & STAFF I 45 Census Hierarchy For Districts ID.M.lD.C. (PRINCIPAL CENSUS OFFICER)l I I A.O.M.I OY. COLLECTOR S.O.O. (DISTRICT CENSUS OFFICER) (Subdivisional Census Officer) I I I I ~RURALl I URBAN 1 I 1 Asstt. Administrator/Executive Officer/ B.O.O.. - Vice-Chairman (Charge Census Officer) (Charge Census Officer) I over 6 Head Masters, Sr. Teachers, Land Head Masters, Sr. Teachers, Land Revenue Officials , Enu- Revenue Officials, UOC of Govt. UDC of Govt. Offices/Oeptts., Sub Inspectors mera- Offices/Deptts., Sub Inspectors (Supervisors) tors (Supervisors) - For I Primary School Teachers, LOC of Govt. Offices, 750 Primary School Teachers, LOC of ICOS or Anganwadi workers, etc. (Rural)! Govt. Offices, ICOS or Anganwadi (Enumerators) 650 workers, etc. (Urban) "(Enumerators) p opulatlon 46 --..--~ --- -~- ---~-rl J Z-ONI1-A: _'-"a "'m-V ;r; Z- Z-<>N 1'... .1 : -l'ftI.lJO!POll iii; ... 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('''f',','OPA'''''lIi ."'...... 1+ '!'II IfP.." """"" ",,_p JO '"'!""'Ni - :f! 1 E-J/I'Po. ~ I lUi "i I 1 I 1 I ,5'.8 " ~] fE' ! ; ;g ~ J! 1_ f ~ 1 NI I I I=G~"t TI ,I l J~nUlRln ® -~+; I . 48 • • 49 - • 50 PICTORIAL First state-level meeting of District Census Officers in progress. Shri S.K. Sharma, Secretary, Urban Development Department, Bihar, Shri S.K. Rakesh, Director of Census Operations, Bihar, Shri Amit Khare, District Magistrate, Patna and Shri Phool Singh, Joint Director, Census addressed the meeting 53 Rally organised to create awareness regarding Census of India 2001 54 A view of Military and Para-Military Officials attending the state-level workshop on Census of India, 2001 A tableau depicting population enumeration taken out in the Republic Day parade at Lohardaga, Iharkhand 55 Cycle Rally organised at Hazaribag (Jharkhand) to create awareness on Census of India 200 1 56