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Rehabilitation of Geographical Areas for a Tourist Development the Case of Batna Region’S Mountains (Algeria)

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Rehabilitation of Geographical Areas for a Tourist Development the Case of Batna Region’S Mountains (Algeria) GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites Year XI, vol. 22, no. 2, 2018, p.455-469 ISSN 2065-0817, E-ISSN 2065-1198 DOI 10.30892/gtg.22215-302 REHABILITATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL AREAS FOR A TOURIST DEVELOPMENT THE CASE OF BATNA REGION’S MOUNTAINS (ALGERIA) Louardi KHERROUR* Houari Boumediene Sciences and Technology University, Department of Geography and Territorial Planning, BP 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria, e-mail: [email protected] Mohamed A. REZZAZ Houari Boumediene Sciences and Technology University, Department of Geography and Territorial Planning, BP 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria, e-mail: [email protected] Sofiane HATTAB Houari Boumediene Sciences and Technology University, Department of Geography and Territorial Planning, BP 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria, e-mail: [email protected] Citation: Kherrour, L., Rezzaz, M. A., & Hattab, S. (2018). REHABILITATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL AREAS FOR A TOURIST DEVELOPMENT THE CASE OF BATNA REGION’S MOUNTAINS (ALGERIA). GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 22(2), 455–469. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.22215-302 Abstract: The rugged mountains of the province of Batna suffer an isolation which explains the poverty of the population and the precariousness of their living conditions. If rural and urban spaces require scientific methods for their organization and their development, mountain areas also need planning and productive development through the integration of tourism in a context of economic benefit. To this aim, our topic emphasizes the enhancement of site rehabilitation by focusing on tourism demand, within the framework of a participative and decentralized approach allowing the various actors to be involved in the decision-making processes concerning tourism, enhancement and preservation of touristic potentialities and all the territorial values of this mountainous area. This article also concluded that the feasibility study represents a tool that plays an important role in the evaluation process and determines the effectiveness of an investment project in different areas: environmental, legislative, social and financial. In drafting such an important research towards the development of this region’s tourism industry, a descriptive approach was used to highlight the true image of the studied sites and the importance of their development in order to contain tourist activities connected to mountains. Followed by a conceptual approach to rehabilitate four sites and adapt them to geological, geomorphological and environmental tourism. Key words: Batna Mountains, Algeria, mountain tourism, sustainable development, natural and cultural heritage * * * * * * * Corresponding author http://gtg.webhost.uoradea.ro/ Louardi KHERROUR, Mohamed A.REZZAZ, Sofiane HATTAB INTRODUCTION Algeria is a rich country with a diversified touristic base, but unfortunately it is not exploited in the right way. At the same time, it aims to become a coastal tourism destination with 1.200 km of sunny coastline all year long and about thirty capes and many beaches. It also intends to be a destination of green tourism with plains, forests, peaks and highlands, and an exotic destination with the second largest desert in the world and some sand dunes (oases), and of course a destination of cultural and historical tourism with its cities that have a remarkable heritage and a particularly rich and diversified past. Algeria is full of historical, archaeological and natural landscapes to discover. It is, after Italy, the richest country with splendid vestiges of the Roman era (Bezza, 2006). But unfortunately, many wonderful beaches, splendid forests, old villages and places submerged with history are nowadays ignored not only by tourists but also by the inhabitants themselves. Much closer than one can think, two hours by plane from the main cities of Europe, Algeria has the assets of a full-fledged destination: a marvelous climate, an exceptional tourist capital and an ideal geographical position, but unlike other countries around the Mediterranean Basin, Algeria has not yet given the tourism sector an important role in its various development policies (Nassima, 2013). Today, Algeria is timidly involved in international tourism and resigns to occupy the last ranks of tourist destinations in the Mediterranean basin. In international tourist flows terms, Algeria welcomed 2 394 887 tourists during year 2011, 65.35% of which are Algerians living abroad (Kouache, 2004). The 2011-2012 Economic Outlook of the Mediterranean Tourism Organization shows that the Mediterranean countries received in 2011 are approximately 300 million international tourists, or 30.52% of the tourists traveling in the world (the international tourist arrivals in the world amount to 982.2 million). Algeria's share in this market is so minimal that it does not even appear in the ranking of this organization (Bouakrif, 2012). The capacity of tourist reception has developed reaching the threshold of 80000 beds in 2010 following the advent of investment laws, and the goal of Algeria to adopt the economic reform plan at the dawn of the nineties. But, nevertheless, such figure remains very poor compared with that achieved in Tunisia, Morocco and Egypt which secured during the same year 240000 beds in Tunisia, 164000 in Morocco and 430000 in Egypt (Hammad, 2012). Compared with some of the Mediterranean countries mentioned above, the tourism indicators studied show that Egypt welcomed more than 14 million tourists in 2010, while Tunisia and Morocco welcomed 6.9 and 8.5 million tourists, and Algeria has only welcomed 2 million tourists in the same year. Italso shows that tourism contributes enormously to the economic development, since Egypt had earned more than $ 10 billion of revenue from tourism in 2009. Tunisia and Morocco recorded respectively $ 3.47 and $ 6.55 billion in the same year, while Algeria earned only $ 0.33 billion. Thus tourism in Egypt contributed with 7.3% of the whole local product during 2011, and contributed in Tunisia and Morocco with respective averages of 8.2% and 8.5%, while it contributed with 3.7% to Algerian total national product in the same year (Aouinene, 2012). Hence, Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco have occupied the first places in North Africa, while Algeria is among the last, which shows, indeed, that the tourism sector in Algeria is slightly far from tourism sectors of the Mediterranean countries mentioned above. This is due to one main reason, Algeria has concentrated its economic activity on the hydrocarbon sector, relying more on its oil and gas resources. Indeed, the incomes of the oil profits have always made the contribution of tourism to the Algerian economy not really sought, despite the delimitation and the study of 205 areas and sites of tourism expansion since 1966 to 2008. Yet, the three countries mentioned above (Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia) became aware of their tourism, coastal, mountain and Saharan potentials, as well as archaeological sites and land by building basic structures in order to promote tourism. 456 Rehabilitation of Geographical Areas for a Tourist Development the Case of Batna Region’s Mountains (Algeria) Plus, it should be noted that certain sociocultural factors that have emerged in recent years complicate the situation of the sector due to social degeneration caused by insecurity, delinquency, job instability and inflation. Regarding this, it is necessary on the one hand to adjust the social and security situation before starting any action to promote tourism, and on the other hand, any approach to tourism development should take into consideration the socio-cultural specificity, as well as the traditions and the cultures of the most affected local populations (Boutafenouchet, 2011). With regards to the market emitting tourists that Algeria plans to invest, it stands out first, the European market (France, Germany, Spain, Switzerland and Scandinavian countries) and the Asian market especially China. Algeria recognizes that tourism is the alternative solution to the development of its economy by establishing a master plan for tourism development by 2025. Within the framework of its general policy in setting out the targets of tourism development, Algeria emphasized on some priorities, by increasing its capacity and programming certain projects in its coastal areas. This means that it still supports the old policy based on seaside tourism, which is very poor. The public policy of tourism development is incompatible in terms of programming and orientation. Developing tourism has been focused on the coast and the international tourism movement to the south, particularly in the regions of Tassili and Ahaggar, setting aside the inland regions, rich with natural and human tourist potential, which have not been equipped with a tourism development strategy. This strategy does not consider all these regions to be tourist poles, in accordance with the law No 10-02 of June 29, 2010, approving the National Plan of Spatial Planning. Consequently, the idea of the present research highlights a case of one of the interior regions, which is the case of the Batna province, with the aim of demonstrating that the tourist development plan of the territory must necessarily go through the stage of the total diagnosis of tourism potentialities, then the analysis of the data, to arrive at a general conception of the territorial plan of the tourist development. To this end, our study highlights an inventory of the tourist potentialities of the province of Batna, insofar
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