Transition1.Qrk 28/2/05 3:51 pm Page 1 Majumdar &Saad This book deals with Margaret A. Majumdar MARGARET A. MAJUMDAR & MOHAMMED SAAD the economic and is Professor of Francophone developmental challenges Studies at the University of facing contemporary Portsmouth. Algerian society. The social structures, the Mohammed Saad is Reader political institutions, the in Innovation and Operations movements and Management and Head of ideologies, as well as the School of Operations and Transition & cultural dilemmas, are Information Management at considered in depth to the University of the West of give the fullest picture of England, Bristol. the twenty-first century development. &DevelopmentinAlgeria Transition Development The contributors represent a range of expertise in economics, business management, sociology, linguistics, in Algeria political science and cultural studies. Their diverse backgrounds and Economic, Social and Cultural Challenges perspectives permit this publication to explore new avenues of debate, which represent a significant contribution to the understanding of the present problems and potential solutions. intellect ISBN 1-84150-074-7 intellect PO Box 862 Bristol BS99 1DE United Kingdom www.intellectbooks.com 9 781841 500744 TransitionLayout 28/2/05 3:34 pm Page i TRANSITION AND DEVELOPMENT IN ALGERIA: ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CHALLENGES Edited by Margaret A. Majumdar and Mohammed Saad TransitionLayout 28/2/05 3:34 pm Page ii First Published in the UK in 2005 by Intellect Books, PO Box 862, Bristol BS99 1DE, UK. First Published in the USA in 2005 by Intellect Books, ISBS, 920 NE 58th Ave. Suite 300, Portland, Oregon 97213-3786, USA. Copyright ©2005 Intellect Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Electronic ISBN 1-84150-919-1 / ISBN 1-84150-074-7 Cover Design: Gabriel Solomons Copy Editor: Julie Strudwick Production: May Yao Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd. TransitionLayout 28/2/05 3:34 pm Page iii Table of Contents v Acknowledgements vii Notes on Contributors 1 Introduction 5 PART I: ECONOMIC POLICY AND CHANGE: 5 Chapter 1 Establishing Utopia: Exploring the Political Origins of Economic Policy in Algeria Kay Adamson 17 Chapter 2 The Tortuous and Uncompleted Privatisation Process in Algeria Mohammed Saad, Hakim Meliani and Mahfoud Benosman 29 Chapter 3 The Role of Accounting in Economies in Transition: the Case of Algeria Cherif Merrouche 43 Chapter 4 Matching Reforms with a New Approach to the Management of People, Learning and Culture Mohammed Saad 63 PART II: WOMEN AND SOCIETY 63 Chapter 5 Women in Algeria, Dimension of a Crisis and of a Resistance Cathie Lloyd 83 Chapter 6 Rural Women in Algeria and their Participation in Economic Activity: Data Analysis Zine M. Barka Table of Contents Table 93 PART III: THE ALGERIAN NATION: CULTURE, IDEOLOGY AND LANGUAGE 93 Chapter 7 Frantz Fanon and Algeria: Alienation and Violence Naaman Kessous iii TransitionLayout 28/2/05 3:34 pm Page iv 113 Chapter 8 The ‘New Man’ at the Dawn of the Twenty-first Century: Challenges and Shifts in Algerian Identity Margaret A. Majumdar 131 Chapter 9 Languages Policy in Algeria: Between Convergence and Diversity Mohammed Miliani 145 PART IV: ALGERIA IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY 145 Chapter 10 Global Sport and Local Identity in Algeria: the Changing Roles of Football as a Cultural, Political and Economic Vehicle Mahfoud Amara 159 Chapter 11 The Development or Redevelopment of Tourism in Algeria Jeremy Keenan 175 Chapter 12 Perspectives from a Major Foreign Investor - British Petroleum’s Investment in Algeria Dai Jones 183 Bibliography Transition and Development in Algeria Transition iv TransitionLayout 28/2/05 3:34 pm Page v Acknowledgements The editors would like to record their thanks to all those who have played a part in bringing this volume to fruition. Firstly, we are indebted to the contributors, who have brought their expertise, knowledge and insights to bear on the questions facing Algeria today and also taken part in and enriched the ongoing debates around these issues, from a wide variety of perspectives. We are also grateful to all those who participated in, and helped to organise, the workshops on Algeria, which have prompted this publication, with a particular mention for academic and administrative colleagues, as well as family and friends. Special thanks are due to those institutions and organisations which sponsored and supported these events, including the Society for Algerian Studies, BP, Anadarko, the Bristol Business School, the Faculty of Languages and European Studies of the University of West of England and the School of Humanities and Social Sciences of the University of Glamorgan. Last but not least, we warmly acknowledge the invaluable support of Peter James and Alex Harding for their help in preparing the final text. Margaret A. Majumdar, Mohammed Saad Acknowledgements v TransitionLayout 28/2/05 3:34 pm Page vi TransitionLayout 28/2/05 3:34 pm Page vii Notes on Contributors Kay Adamson is lecturer in Sociology in the School of Law and Social Sciences at Glasgow Caledonian University. Previously she taught sociology at the University of Sunderland. She has published two books: Political and Economic Thought and Practice in Nineteenth-Century France and the Colonization of Algeria (2002) and Algeria: a Study in Competing Ideologies (1998). She contributed to Francophone Studies: The Essential Glossary, ed. M. A. Majumdar (2002) and has published in the Journal of Algerian Studies. She also teaches on contemporary issues of nationalism, migration, racism and Islam in Europe and in the field of social justice. Mahfoud Amara is a Research Fellow at the School of Sports & Exercise Sciences, Loughborough University. He is researching the study of globalisation, sport and local cultures. His research interests include sport and politics; the relation between sport, nationalism and nation state building; sport in colonial and post- colonial history; sport modernity and postmodernity; Olympism; pan-Arabism and pan-Islamism; postmodern sociology and discourse analysis. Zine M. Barka is Professor of Public Finance at the University of Tlemcen and a Visiting Professor at the University of Le Mans. He was a Research Fellow in the Department of Economics of the University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign. His teaching and research interests include public finance, growth and budget procedures in MENA Countries with reference to Algeria, tax and fiscal policy. Mahfoud Benosman is Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Management at Annaba University. He was a member of the Privatisation Council from 1996 to 1999. He focuses on economic reforms, industrial restructuring and privatisation. Dai Jones is Vice President, New Business Development and Gas Marketing, of BP and Director Algeria - BP Exploration (in Salah) Ltd and BP Exploration (in Amenas) Ltd. He has wide experience of international business and in-depth knowledge of the business culture and current reforms taking place in Algeria. He has negotiated major contracts with the Algerian authorities and led investment projects in Algeria and other countries. Jeremy Keenan is Research Associate in the Department of Social Anthropology, Cambridge University. He has extensive knowledge of Algeria’s Saharan regions, Notes on Contributors being the author of The Tuareg: People of Ahaggar (1977, reprint 2001) and Sahara Man: Travelling with the Tuareg (2001). As Director of Saharatec, he also has extensive experience of tourism in the Algerian Sahara. Naaman Kessous is lecturer in French Studies at the University of Lancaster. His main research interests include: French Politics since 1945, Frantz Fanon and the African Diaspora; Politics, Culture and Society in pre- and post-colonial Algeria. vii TransitionLayout 28/2/05 3:34 pm Page viii He is the author of Rousseau and Fourier: Two French Precursors of Marxism (1996) and a contributor to Francophone Studies: The Essential Glossary, ed. M. A. Majumdar (2002). He is currently working on an edited book on forty years of Algerian independence. Cathie Lloyd is a Senior Research Officer at the International Development Centre (QEH), Oxford. Her work has focused on gender, antiracism, social movements and civil society with particular reference to the women’s movement in North Africa and the Maghrebian diaspora. Recent publications include Rethinking Antiracisms: From Theory to Practice (2001). Margaret A. Majumdar is Visiting Professor of Francophone Studies at the University of Portsmouth. She was a founding editor of the Bulletin of Francophone Africa and has published widely on Francophone colonial/ postcolonial political theory and discourse, Algerian national identity and Maghrebian and Caribbean literature. Books include Althusser and the End of Leninism? (1995) and Francophone Studies: The Essential Glossary (2002). Hakim Meliani is a Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of Economics and Management at the University of Setif (Algeria). He gained a Master in Accounting from Glasgow University in 1988 and is currently completing a doctorate on the emerging markets. His work focused essentially on emerging economies, foreign direct investment, privatisation and financial economic reforms. Cherif Merrouche is a Senior Lecturer in Accounting and Finance