IDENTIFICATION AND MAPPING OF ENVIRONMENTALLY SIGNIFICANT AREAS IN THE CAPE METROPOLITAN AREA (CMA)

HERITAGE COMPONENT

Prepared for

Cape Metropolitan Council Project No: J90136a

June 1999

Prepared by

Tim Hart & Belinda Mutti

Archaeology Contracts Office Department of Archaeology University of Private Bag 7701

Phone (021) 650 2357 Fax (021) 650 2352 Email [email protected] CMC HERITAGE RESOURCES SENSITIVITY STUDY

ACCOMPANYING STATEMENT

This statement accompanies the set of maps and spreadsheets produced by the Archaeology Contracts Office for Gibb Africa and The Cape Metropolitan Council. It is designed to place the work in context so users of the final product will understand how the information was collected and the implications thereof.

1. Team members

We are a team of professional archaeologists who have extensive local knowledge of heritage issues and sites. We have collected the information contained in the spreadsheets and maps. Thus the areas, sites and priorities that have been identified in the study reflect our background and values. Perceptions of what is an important heritage object or site range from places valued by members of a small community, to broadly recognised places of historical or community distinction. This study cannot cover the entire range of possibilities, however we have attempted to identify areas that are known and significant to a range of people who work regularly in the heritage field. This includes historic landscapes, buildings, graveyards (disused), shipwrecks, colonial and pre-colonial archaeological sites.

2. Parameters

The new heritage legislation (the South African Heritage Resources Act of 1999) has been the guidline to which we have referred with respect to identification of areas and definition of sensitivity. We have tried to focus on delineation of areas as opposed to single sites. Many parts of the CMA remain unknown and unstudied. This in part, reflects prior research priorities, and especially with respect to buildings, concentration by researchers on the known early loci of colonial settlement. Vast areas of the remain unstudied as much of this area was only settled during the last 50 years and fall outside the bounds of existing legislation. Furthermore, until a few ago, the apartheid view of what constituted heritage excluded places of importance to most citizens of the country.

3. The built environment

Todeschini & Japha & Pistorius have completed a systematic survey of historic structures (as protected by legislation) within the CMA. This has already been digitised and is in the hands of the CMA. Although we have delineated areas where building conservation studies have been done and sensitive areas identified, we have not replicated their work and this should be incorporated by the CMA as an HR overlay.

4.

Robben Island is not indicated on the maps but is within the CMA. Robben Island together with the ocean within one nautical mile of its shores is a national monument and should be delineated as sensitive.

Belinda Mütti Tim Hart

October 1999

2 HERITAGE RESOURCES ASSESSMENT

Introduction

A workshop was held in the Department of Archaeology at the (28th May 1999) to discuss sensitivity rating of heritage resources as required by the Terms of Reference for the CMA study. The meeting was attended by

Ms P. Pistorius (Town Planner) Dr G. Avery (Archaeologist) Dr A. Malan (Archaeologist) Mr T. Hart (Task leader) Ms B. Mütti (ACO staff archaeologist) Prof J.E. Parkington (Archaeologist) Dr N. Shepherd (Archaeologist) Ms E. Sealy (post-graduate student) Mr G. Orlofse (for client) Mr B. Ridgard (for Gibb) Mr C. Dalgliesh (for Gibb)

Mr Tim Hart introduced the project framework and the proposed methodology for the assessment of heritage resources. This was followed by a discussion of the both the method and issues involved in the assessment of sensitivity and significance. At the termination of the meeting reasonable consensus was arrived at concerning both methodology and criteria for rating significance.

Method

The study will focus on heritage resources of a material nature as covered by the new Heritage Resources Bill (of 1999) which is yet to be implemented. The project will revolve around the identification and mapping of areas of heritage knowledge, which are significant as well as unknown areas. The types of knowledge involved will include historic and prehistoric surface archaeology, historic landscapes and conservation areas for which studies exist in the form of written documents (both published and unpublished). The emphasis will be on the mapping of areas rather than individual sites.

Sensitivity criteria

It must be acknowledged from the outset that assigning of sensitivity or importance to any given area is subjective and based very much on the experience and disciplinary background of any person attempting to do this. The ratings must be considered to be broad and will not be able take into the consideration the place related values of specific persons or communities other than those reflected in the current research trends of persons working within the heritage field.

There are presently two methods of assessment in place used by professionals. One of these is a rating system used for built structures initiated by the institute of architects (reflected in the document). The other is the system and criteria for rating heritage objects as published in the National Heritage Resources Act (1999). Archaeologists in have not used any uniform system of assessment for grading historical and pre-colonial sites. However, the ACO (ourselves) have a checklist of criteria that we use as guide when we are required to do

3 this. The checklist was amended with input from the specialists and reproduced in this document. It is proposed that the identified areas will be assessed in terms of the spirit of the checklist and then rated on a 1-4 grading system which includes those grades that will be put in place by the new legislation. Areas that fall within grades 1-3 will be mapped as significant while grade 4 areas will be considered insignificant and not mapped. This will essentially result in the ratings and criteria that are in keeping with the requirements of the Heritage Resources Act (1999). The resulting map will indicate significant areas, unknown areas. "Gaps" on the map will by default, indicate insignificant or insensitive areas.

As with the other specialist studies, the maps will be accompanied by a short report explaining the rationale and acknowledging shortcomings and restrictions. A comprehensive spreadsheet will detail the features, sources of knowledge and confidence ratings of the mapped areas.

4 HERITAGE RESOURCES IN THE CMA

Prehistoric 3ma BP - 1790 AD

Early Stone Age scatters/middens Middle Stone Age scatters/middens Late Stone Age scatters/middens

Historical 17-18th century

Postal stones Mariners/fishermen’s camps Prison camps Whaling camps Foundations of DEIC period structures and refuse dumps/middens associated with them. Structures of the DEIC period Lime industry Military structures Quarries Wells Shipwrecks Unmarked and marked burials Historic landscapes Streetscapes Battlefields

19th 20th century

Jetties and landing sites Standing buildings (grades 1-3) Industrial structures Military structures and facilities Associated middens Burial grounds (marked) Burial grounds (unmarked) Tramlines Streetscapes Reservoirs, below surface conduits, plumbing Historic landscapes Battlefields Quarries Shipwrecks

5 HERITAGE GRADING SYSTEMS

1. BUILDING GRADING SYSTEM USED BY URBAN CONSERVATION UNIT AND NMC

This is based on the Metropolitan Council's Urban Conservation Unit's current system (CCC 1992). This is an adaptation of the CIA Catalogue method, itself updated in May 1992 and added in the following table in brackets

Source: A0731.CW Grade 1 • Proclaimed National Monument • Buildings or other elements of great architectural, aesthetic, (national or local) historical or social significance (importance or association) • Buildings (or landmarks) which are rare or outstanding examples of their period Grade 2 • Buildings or other elements of some architectural, aesthetic, historical or social significance • Buildings or other elements which are landmarks for historical or aesthetic reasons • Buildings which are good examples of their period • (Buildings or landmarks which by their presence contribute something special to a fine setting or lend special character to an area) • (Buildings or other elements which contribute to or enhance the quality of a square, street or other space of significance onto which they abut) • (Buildings of pre-1914 which are substantially unaltered, or which have additions of architectural significance) Grade 3 • Buildings of lesser architectural or aesthetic merit • Buildings or other elements of minor historical or social significance • Buildings or other elements which (form a grouping of architectural merit or which) contribute to the character of an area.

6 HERITAGE OBJECTS GRADING SYSTEM (as proclaimed in the National Heritage Resources Act of 1999)

7. (1) SAHA, in consultation with the minister and the MEC of every province, must by regulation establish a system of grading of places and objects which form part of the national estate, and which distinguishes between at least the categories -

(a) Grade I: Heritage resources with qualities so exceptional that they are of special national significance;

(b) Grade II: Heritage resources which, although forming part of the national estate, can be considered to have special qualities which make them significant within the context of a province or region; and

(c) Grade III: other heritage resources worthy of conservation, and which prescribes heritage assessment criteria, consistent with the criteria set out in section 3(3), which must be used by a heritage authority or a local authority to assess the intrinsic, comparative and contextual significance of a heritage resource and the relative benefits and costs of its protection, so that the appropriate level of grading of the resource and the consequent responsibility for its management may be allocated in terms of section 8.

(2) A heritage authority may prescribe detailed heritage assessment criteria, consistent with the criteria set out in section 4(3), for the assessment of Grade II and Grade III heritage resources in a province.

7 CHECK LIST OF SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA

Rating applied from 1- 4 (high - low)

Historic Association with people and events Importance within regional/national context Age

Aesthetic Design/architectural merit Setting Rarity Typicality Adaptive reuse potential

Educational potential Associative group value (integrity as a unit) Availability of historical documentation Demonstration of construction and materials Demonstration of creative and technical innovation Demonstration of function/process Demonstration of use of power Diversity of features Site unique elements Superlatives

Social Sentiment - interest groups Sentiment - public Tourism potential Symbolism

Scientific/archaeological potential State of preservation Depth of sequence Diversity of elements Ability to contribute knowledge of regional settlement Ability to contribute knowledge of human development Ability to contribute knowledge of past environment Uniqueness within a spatial and temporal context

Note:

If any area or sites for which we have knowledge, score on any one of the above criteria within the range of 1-3, it is considered to have heritage significance and may be assigned a rating grade as per the heritage objects grading system.

8

SUGGESTION

We use a four level grading system which will incorporate the legislated grading system of the National Heritage Resources act and that used by the NMC and Urban Conservation Unit.

Not significant:

Level 4 areas of low or insignificant heritage potential

Significant:

Level 3 areas of heritage significance within a given context (equivalent to grade III) Level 2 areas of heritage significance of special regional importance (equivalent to grade 11) Level 1 areas of high heritage significance that are of national importance (equivalent to grade 1)

Note: These ratings will need to be used in conjunction with a confidence rating that evaluates the quality of the source material from which the assessment is derived. Suggested confidence levels that are used:

Level C Low confidence (informal site observations and student observations. Level B Medium confidence (senior student projects, baseline studies, research publications). Level A High confidence (saturation surveys, conservation studies, IEM assessments, Phase 1 archaeological assessments)

Note: Heritage objects/areas falling within grades 1-3 will be afforded statutory protection through legislation. For mapping purposes these will be considered significant areas. Grade 4 objects/areas will not be considered significant and therefore not mapped.

9 CODE & INFORMATION SIGNIFICANCE RATING RATIONALE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION PRIORITY LINE # SOURCE Nature Reserve; Early, Medium; Area under minimal impact; Some of the sites in the nature Middle & Late Stone Age scatters and Protected by National Park status; 10136; 10140; 10125; HR1 reserve are of great importance; middens; Historical sites; Known However some sites could be developed 10030; 10201 most are un-studied shipwrecks for tourism purposes High; Area under minimal impact; Cape Point Nature Reserve; Middle Buffels Bay and Black Rock sites Protected by National Park status; Stone Age and Late Stone Age shell 10136; 10140; 10189; HR2 are of potential international However some sites could be developed middens and scatters; Rockshelter sites; 10130 importance for tourism purposes; also important Precolonial tidal fishtrap; Lime kiln research potential High; Smitswinkelbaai Cave has Smitswinkelbaai; Late Stone Age shell High; Shell middens impacted by 10141; 10136; 10127; HR3 been the subject of ongoing middens and rockshelter recreational activity and development 10133 research excavations Cape Point Nature Reserve; Ruined Area requires further trial Area under minimal impact; Protected by HR4 10140 building and possible lime kiln excavations and site verification National Park status Cape Point Nature Reserve; Early Stone Area has been subject to a Phase Area under minimal impact; Protected by HR5 Age, Middle Stone Age & Late Stone 10140 1 archaeological assessment National Park status Age open sites Cape Point Nature Reserve; Middle Area has been subject to a Phase Area under minimal impact; Protected by HR6 10140 Stone Age & Late Stone Age scatters 1 archaeological assessment National Park status High conservation priority in terms of South Peninsula; 19th Century Area has been subject to some vernacular buildings; Some structures HR7 farmsteads; Possible stone age sites; archival research and preliminary 10100 have been impacted by inappropriate Historical sites; Agricultural landscape field survey alteration South Peninsula; Late Stone Age Area has been subject to a Phase Low; Sites have already been impacted by HR8 10137 middens 1 archaeological assessment recreational activities Area has been subject to oral South Peninsula; Early Twentieth history and archival research and HR9 Century seaside holiday houses and Latest status of structures is unknown 10018 possibly preliminary recording of associated structures buildings Area has been subject to Phase 1 High priority; mitigation required as Millers Point; Historic building; Historic HR10 field study; However detailed important midden is currently impacted by 10136; 10198 ruins; Late Stone Age shell midden history not understood day visitors

10 CODE & INFORMATION SIGNIFICANCE RATING RATIONALE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION PRIORITY LINE # SOURCE 10008; 10011; 10013; 10016; 10017; 10029; Simon's Town area; Late Stone Age 10019; 10131; 10132; High priority heritage area; Some military shell middens; Historic naval town Although the area is known to be 10153; 10154; 10155; structures have been neglected; Middens dating from the Dutch East India period; historically important few detailed 10160; 10164; 10168; HR11 have been impacted by development Historic military structures; historic archaeological investigations 10170; 10186; 10187; activities; Simon's Town is an exceptional dams; Shipwrecks in Simon's Bay; have been conducted 10192; 10193; 10195; area in terms of the built environment Elsies River Mill, Glencairn 10197; 10184; 10109; 10176; 10178; 10201; 10133 Redhill-Plateaux Rd; Well preserved 19th century farm buildings; Possible Baseline studies have been High; Rare vernacular style structures HR12 10108 18th century buildings; Historic graves; completed worthy of conservation Historic agricultural landscape Soetwater; Precolonial tidal fish traps; Late Stone Age shell middens and Area has been subject to phase 1 High; Mitigation required; Severe impact HR13 10022; 10028; 10136 shelters; Historic lighthouse; Possible archaeological investigations of sites by recreational activities graves ; Late Stone Age No formal archaeological High; World War II observation posts are HR14 archaeological sites; World War II assessment; However some sites 10199; 10200; 10133 being subject to vandalism observation posts are known to archaeologists Sites have been subject to formal Low; Sites are fairly ephemeral and have Kommetjie; Late Stone Age investigation and mitigatory HR15 been excavated prior to the development 10117; 10115; 10133 archaeological sites excavation prior to development of the area activities Area has not been subject to a High; Casual tourist destination which HR16 Noordhoek: Wreck of the Kakapo 10187; 10201 formal study could be developed further Area has not been field verified Noordhoek; Late Stone Age and Middle High; Sites may be subject to a variety of HR17 for a number of years; Current 10136; 10133 Stone Age archaeological sites impacts; Field verification is required status of sites is unknown Material on the eastern side of the Noordhoek; Middle Stone Age scatters Low; No further impacts have been HR18 pan was mitigated prior to 10118; 10133 around the pan identified development activities ; Early Stone Age, Middle Stone Age and Late Stone Age Area has been the subject of High; Peer's Cave and surrounds are 10113; 10126; 10133; archaeological sites including the intermittent research since the frequently visited; However tourism HR19 10139; 10196; 10028; important heritage site of Peer's Cave beginning of the Twentieth potential is negatively affected by 10027; 10008; 10112 (Skildergatkop); Historic farmstead in Century muggings and other security problems the Silvermine Valley

11 CODE & INFORMATION SIGNIFICANCE RATING RATIONALE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION PRIORITY LINE # SOURCE A number of sites were thoroughly Medium; There have been reports of ; Area contains a number of excavated by Bertie Peers and his rockshelters being inhabited by homeless 10008; 10027; 10165; HR20 rockshelters with Middle Stone Age and colleagues in the early decades of people who can cause damage to any 10026; 10133 Late Stone Age deposits this century remaining deposits Kalk Bay-St James - ; High; Careful management is needed to Historic conservation area with Grade 1, Stone Age archaeological sites maintain architectural significance and 10014; 10023; 10024; HR21 Grade 2 & Grade 3 buildings; Late exist close to St. James pool and ambience of this area; Interested parties 10025; 10133; 10136 Stone Age archaeological sites; Historic possibly at Kalk Bay Point include the Kalk Bay Historical society harbour; ? 18th Century fortifications Muizenberg; Historic conservation area Area is of great historical High; Historic precinct is currently with Grade 1, Grade 2 & Grade 3 importance; Interested parties unmaintained; Inhabited by homeless HR22 buildings; British and Dutch period include military historians and the 10012; 10085 people and largely unmonitored; fortifications; site of the Battle of Muizenberg Historical Unrealised tourism potential Muizenberg (1795) Conservation Society During the19th and early 20th centuries Muizenberg was a High; Some unique buildings are in a Muizenberg; Historic conservation area popular resort area of Cape Town neglected state; However there are some 10019; 10153; 10161; HR23 with Grade 1, Grade 2 & Grade 3 and contains holiday homes of community initiatives to encourage 10092 buildings wealthy families from these conservation periods Site of the ruins of Muizenberg lime kiln; High; Site is of high archaeological Site not subject to systematic HR24 Unique industrial structure which is potential and of potential importance to 10189; 10094 investigation ruined and overgrown the local community Steenberg; Area contains cluster of No systematic conservation study Low; However buildings are threatened by HR25 Victorian wood-and-iron and stone 10199 completed as yet illegal alteration or demolition buildings Constantia Valley; Area contains 10048; 10062; 10096; Grade1, Grade 2 & Grade 3 buildings; Area not fully surveyed but High; Significant heritage area; Important 10099; 10103; 10072; HR26 Early farms; contains well known historic to tourism industry 10144; 10145; 10146; Historic landscapes; Colonial period and precincts 10147; 10184; 10181 Precolonial period archaeological sites Constantia Nek; Conway Redoubt early Has been subject of HR27 Low; No impacts identified at present 10174; 10168 fortification archaeological investigation ; East Fort; A Dutch East India The site has been subject to Company Fortification; Later British archaeological excavation and Low; The site is well managed and cared HR28 10168; 10013 addititions and World War II Forward developed into an interesting for Observation Post tourism venue

12 CODE & INFORMATION SIGNIFICANCE RATING RATIONALE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION PRIORITY LINE # SOURCE Hout Bay; Fort Klein Gibraltar a Dutch Area currently used for local Low; The area is a well researched HR29 East India Company 18th Century tourism purposes based at Hout historical precinct of importance to the 10168; 10013 fortification; Manganese mines; Ore jetty Bay Museum Hout Bay community Archaeological sites have been High; The area contains the last intact Hout Bay; Late Stone Age subject to mitigatory excavation precolonial archaeological sites in the HR30 archaeological sites and Nineteenth prior to development; However Hout Bay Valley; Conservation of the 10106; 10089 Century fishermans' cottages sites exist within a conserved Milkwood trees and surrounds of great grove of Milkwood trees importance Site largely destroyed by Hout Bay; Late Stone Age developers; However remnants Low; Due to illegal destruction the site is HR31 10199; 10133 archaeological site are still to be seen along the no longer conservation-worthy banks of the river Complementary fort to East Fort; Hout Bay; West Fort Dutch East India Has been archaeologically High; Site needs urgent conservation and HR32 Company fortifications and cannons; 10168; 10013 investigated; Site is poorly has potential for tourism World War II gun emplacements maintained and badly littered High; Area along roadside is sensitive and Hout Bay; Late Stone Age Sites have been subject to phase HR33 may be impacted by road widening or 10034; 10015 archaeological sites one archaeological investigation other development activites

Hout Bay - Sandy Bay; Early Stone Age; Area has been subject to phase High; Development activities may impact HR34 10033; 10111 Late Stone Age archaeological sites one archaeological assessment archaeological sites

Low; Sites have already been impacted by Sandy Bay; Late Stone Age Area has been subject to phase HR35 beachgoers; However some less 10199 archaeological sites one archaeological assessment accessible areas remain in good condition Has been subject to some Llandudno; Logie's Rock Cave and other research; However recent High; Quality of existing deposits need HR36 10156 Late Stone Age sites inspection shows damage to assessment and management material Westlake; Structures and area originally used as World War II transit camp; Buildings have been recorded and HR 37 Low 10223 buildings of low aesthetic quality but of area is to be redeveloped some historical interest Philippi; Historic landscape originally Area has been subject to a settled by German immigrant farmers in Low; No precolonial sites recorded; Many HR 38 baseline assessment; Full survey 10049 the 1860's; Contains some Grade 2 and of the remaining structures degraded not undertaken Grade 3 buildings 13 CODE & INFORMATION SIGNIFICANCE RATING RATIONALE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION PRIORITY LINE # SOURCE Old Wynberg Village conservation area; Contains Grade 1, Grade 2 & Grade 3 A declared conservation area with buildings; Many buildings are National specific guidelines for HR39 High 10142; 10166 Monuments and are considered to have conservation and maintainence of unique aesthetic architectural and properties historical attributes Area has been subject to a Wynberg; Area contains Grade 1, Grade Medium; Buildings and archaeological conservation study report that has HR40 2 & Grade 3 buildings; Some known sites in danger of being impacted by 10054; 10063; 10185 identified examples of important historical archaeological sites illegal alteration and demolition buildings of their type Rondebosch; Historic landscape Archaeological assesment has High; Would benefit by sensitive re- HR41 designed by Cecil John Rhodes to identified areas of symbolic 10172 adaptation complement his home at assesment 10039; 10040; 10052; Buildings that are typical of their Mowbray - Newlands; Area contains 10056; 10065; 10065; types are identified in the Medium; Buildings and archaeological Grade 1, Grade 2 & Grade 3 buildings; 10067; 10068; 10097; HR42 conservation study; No systematic sites in danger of being impacted by Historic landscape; Known 10098; 10182; 10185; archaeological survey has been illegal alteration and demolition arhcaeological sites 10190; 10191; 10040; conducted 10039 ; Site of the first Area has been subject to a Low; Area vigilantly protected by the HR43 British military camp; Graveyards; preliminary archaeological 10171 community Historic dumps investigation Park Road Estate; Victorian buildings; No archaeological assessment as Medium; Possible future impacts on HR44 10203; 10148 Possible unmarked graveyard yet unmarked graves Most parts of are a Area has not yet been subject to a declared National Monument; Historical formal historical/archaeological landscape; Late Stone Age and Middle High; Extremely important recreational investigation; However area Stone Age archaeological sites; Historic tourist destination; Impacts on the contains a number of known sites; dams and water supply systems for heritage of the area are moderate; 10064; 10082; 10177; HR45 Oudekraal is not included in the Cape Town; Waterworks Museum; However the status of the mountain could 10176; 10007 National Monument area but is Marked and unmarked graves; Historical be enhanced by greater exposure of known to contain Moslem graves archaeological sites; Military lesser-known aspects of its history and probably archaeological sites fortifications both British and Dutch along the coastline period High; Site has rare structural aspects Kenilworth Racecourse; Early stables; HR46 Baseline study completed which may be impacted by future 10184; 10204 Parts of original grandstand development Lower Wynberg - Rondebosch; Contains Architectural study completed; No High; Buildings may be subject to HR47 10148 important buildings archaeological assessment illegal/insensitive modification 14 CODE & INFORMATION SIGNIFICANCE RATING RATIONALE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION PRIORITY LINE # SOURCE Some historic structures High; Area may become subject to Site of Oude Molen homestead and HR48 identified; Preliminary archival redevelopment; Buildings are in a 10191; 10184 windmill research completed neglected state Area not subject to formal Nieuwe Molen windmill at Alexandra archaeological assesment HR49 Low; Site is well protected 10191; 10184 Institute however is well known by persons interested in the field Valkenberg homestead and precinct is a Only the Valkenberg homestead declared National Monument; Area precinct has been subject to a High; Area will possibly be impacted in the 10184; 10046; 10093; HR50 contains graveyards and other formal archaeological and future by development activity 10101 potentially conservation worthy architectural assessment structures Valkenburg; Contains known buildings Area not subject to formal Low; Site is recognised as being of of architectural and historical HR51 archaeological and architectural importance by the community who 10199 significance; Astronomical instruments assesment manage it of historical significance Has been subject to phase 1 Observatory; Historic farmstead High; Structures contain original fabric HR52 archaeological investigation prior 10138 associated with archaeological material dating from 18th Century to recent redevelopment Woodstock; Area contains Grade 1, Some areas have been identified High; Many Victorian buildings subject to HR53 Grade2 & Grade 3 buildings, for declaration as conservation 10006; 10122 illegal modification streetscapes and groups of buildings areas ; Area contains conservation worthy buildings and remains of Has been the focus of ongoing High; Remains may be impacted by streetscapes and structures; Considered work by the HR54 redevelopment activities; Need for 10070; 10073 to be of great importance to as well as two archaeological sensitivity to community memory Capetonians whose families previously excavations lived there Historic landscape including the , 's Fort, Castle Studies have been conducted at High; The importance of this area is well 10002; 10004; 10042; HR55 of the and the the Castle, General Post Office known by the conservation community 100044; 10080 possible buried remains of the Imhoff building and the Grand Parade and organizations that manage it Battery Culemborg; Area may contain the Area has not been subject to High; Deeply buried shipwrecks and other remains of Fort Knokke, unmarked archaeological investigation; structures of historical/archaeological HR56 graves & the "Sea Lines" fortifications; 10000; 10090 However archival work and a importance may be impacted by future The remains of 50 or more shipwrecks baseline study exists development activities lie under reclaimed land

15 CODE & INFORMATION SIGNIFICANCE RATING RATIONALE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION PRIORITY LINE # SOURCE reclaimed land contains the Shipwrecks were encountered in buried remains of an unknown number High; redevelopment activities will disturb HR57 excavations under the Civic 10021; 10187 of shipwrecks dating from the 17th archaeological material Centre and Powerstation sites Century Site of South Africa's first harbour built High; area active in terms of development Area has been subject to building 10003; 10031; 10149; between the mid and late 19th Century; activities which may impact HR58 conservation studies and 10150; 10152; 10163; Contains Historic buildings, industrial undocumented historical and archaeological excavations 10169 structures and dock areas archaeological material Somerset Road area; Besides Formal cemetries were partially High; human skeletal material which is containing buildings of historical exhumed at the turn of the 10038; 10051; 10053; protected by law is often accidentally HR59 significance, the area was previously the century; However many 10061; 10084; 10133; impacted or encountered during city's burial grounds and place of unmarked graves still exist in the 10151 development activities execution area 10037; 10041; 10043; ; Contains Grade 1, Grade 2 & 10050; 10057; 10059; Grade 3 buildings, historic landscapes, High; Development activities and neglect 10060; 10069; 10074; Parts of the City Bowl have been known and unmarked graveyards, will impact historic material; City bowl 10075; 10078; 10081; HR60 very well researched; However historic and industrial structures, should be considered to be an 10083; 10087; 1088; new finds come to light regularly streetscapes and numerous archaeological landscape 10091; 10095; 10104; archaeological sites 10105; 10133; 10134; 10143; 10194 Lion's Head; Muslim cemetery; Noon Subject to historic conservation High; Requires conservation plan to HR61 Day Gun; Lion Battery; National 10179 study; No archaeological study minimise tourism and other impacts Monument Area contains Grade 1, Grade 2 & Building conservation study has Medium; Buildings and archaeological Grade 3 buildings, historic lighthouse, identified typical structures; area HR62 sites may be impacted by illegal alteration 10056; 10183; 10201 and Boer War camps on Greenpoint has not been subject to an or demolition Common archaeological survey Has been subject to architectural Salt River; Area contains Grade 1, conservation study; No High; some buildings have been HR63 Grade 2 & Grade 3 buildings, 10180 archaeological assesment has neglected and illegaly altered streetscapes and groups of buildings been conducted Brooklyn; Site of vernacular cottage and Low; Site already a declared National HR64 Well known heritage site 10184; 10189 lime kiln Monument

Milnerton Beach; Wreck of the Site has been subject to a Low; This important site is well known and HR65 Oosterland, the site of a 17th Century systemmatic archaeological protected by the authorities; Impacts on it 10202; 10206; 10209 shipwreck excavation are a result of natural forces

16 CODE & INFORMATION SIGNIFICANCE RATING RATIONALE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION PRIORITY LINE # SOURCE Archaeological sites were Lagoon; Archaeological sites excavated as part of mitigation 10107; 10133; 10001; HR66 as well as palaeontological deposits Low before recent development 10079; 10133; 10210 existed here previously activitites ; Last remaining Site has been subject to a High; the lime kilns were recently shut HR67 operating marine shell lime kilns in the preliminary archaeological down and are vulnerable to demoliton 10189; 10086 world assessment neglect or redevelopment Site of the Battle of Blouberg (1806); Area has been subject to a High; Although the site is well known, Area probably contains some 600 war preliminary archival study; To landowners are keen to develop the area HR68 graves and other associated 10102 date no systemmatic surveys which needs to be carefully managed in archaeologcial material; World War II have been completed terms of its heritage importance FOPs' stand on Blouberg Hill

High; Guidelines for conservation/rescue Area has been subject to survey ; Contains Late Stone of archaeological material are in place; HR69 and excavation in mitigation of 10114; 10133 Age sites and middens However burials are regularly development activities encountered during development activities

Melkbosstrand - Bok Baai; Contains Area subject to current Low; At present much of this land is Early Stone Age, Middle Stone Age & international research by a nature reserve and thus protected; 10124; 10157; 10133; HR70 Late Stone Age archaeological sites as multidisciplinary team Development activities may impact sites 10120; 10121; 10111; well as palaeontological mammalian representing seven local and on privately owned land to the north of 10020; 10110; 10173 fauna American Institutions Koeberg Mamre; Historic centre of colonial Aspects of the built environment settlement and mission station; Contains High; Built environment is neglected and HR71 are known to specialists in this 10191; 10184 vernacular structures and possible in need of urgent conservation field archaeological sites of high importance Gordon's Bay; Late Stone Age Site impacted by development; Low; Much of site impacted by HR72 10188; 10133 archaeological shell midden Current status of site unknown development ; Historic Vergelegen Site has been subject to sensitive Low; Historic significance of site is well homestead and landscape as well as a redevelopment and has been the 10128; 10129; 10167; HR73 recognised by the owners and community number of identified historical focus of a major archaeological 10184 alike archaeological sites study Site has been subject to some Somerset West; Historic Morgenster Low; Significance of site widely HR74 redevelopment and 10047; 10184 homestead and outbuildings appreciated by authorities and landowner archaeological investigation

17 CODE & INFORMATION SIGNIFICANCE RATING RATIONALE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION PRIORITY LINE # SOURCE Parow; Examples of important structures Medium; Local municipality is aware of HR75 No archaeological assessments 10184; 10175 have been identified identified buildings Klipheuwel; Early Stone Age silcrete Site is characterised by quarries; An example of many thousands of artifacts; This one Medium; Such sites may be impacted by HR76 10035 associated with silcrete or surface has been subject to Phase one road widening and agricultural activities quartzite outcrops in the area archaeological assessment Strand; Examples of important Medium; Local municipality is aware of HR77 No archaeological assessments 10158; 10184 structures have been identified identified buildings Somerset West; Grade 1, Grade 2 & Grade 3 buildings; Office complex High; Explosive production has been shut designed by Sir Herbert Baker; Unique down and site is to be redeveloped; this Site has been subject to intensive HR78 industrial architecture; Early Stone Age, will impact on the historic fabric and 10032; 10071 Phase 1 heritage investigation Middle Stone Age and Late Stone Age archaeological sites if guidelines are not precolonial sites identified along the followed coast and in open land Somerset West; Cluster of AECI Site has been subject to intensive HR79 employees residences; Grade 2 & Medium; Buildings have group value 10032; 10071 Phase 1 heritage investigation Grade 3 buildings Photographic recording of site High; Current status of site unknown; stored at the National Monuments Zandvliet; Site of historic homestead However it is noted that the site was in a HR80 Council; no detailed 10135 and outbuildings badly neglected state some years ago and archaeological work to date; inhabited by informal settlers Comprehensive archival study Robben Island with a one nautical mile radius is a declared National Monument; Area was an early centre of colonial occupation and penal colony; Later used as a leper colony; Was an important High; World Heritage Site application Robben Island is subject to 10076; 10123; 10205; strategic defence area during World War lodged; Island has proved important for 0 ongoing historical and 10207; 10213; 10214; II; Gained notoriety for its apartheid tourism and is currently being impacted by archaeological study 10215 period prison; Grade 1, Grade 2 & associated pressures Grade 3 buildings present; Defensive systems; Coastal artillery; Seventeen shipwrecks have been identified in the waters off the island

18 AUTHOR YEAR TITLE SOURCE Unpublished report prepared for the Cape Town 10000 Aberman, L. 1993 Culemborg- Contextual Framework Stage B Report City Council. Cape Town City Council Contextual Framework Planning Team Report on human skeletal remains and associated artefacts from 10001 Abrahams, G. 1983 South African Archaeological Bulletin 38:33-35 Milnerton Beach, Cape Province The Grand Parade, Cape Town:archaeological excavations of the 10002 Abrahams, G. 1993 South African Archaeological Bulletin 48:3-15 seventeenth century Report on finds at the Victoria and Alfred Waterfront, Cape Town, 10003 Abrahams-Willis, G. 1997 Southern African Field Archaeology 6(1):50-53 between 1990-1993 Photogrammetric survey of stone structure between gracht walls, 10004 Adams, L.P. 1976 South African Archaeological Bulletin 31:3-4 site, Cape Town Historical Background and Isotopic Analysis of skeletons found near Unpublished BA Hons dissertation. UCT: 10005 Cox, G. 1995 the site of Fort Knokke, Cape Town, Foreshore Department of Archaeology Unpublished report Atwell & Associates Historical 10006 Atwell, M. n/d Roodebloem Stables Salisbury Street, Woodstock Property Research Remarks concerning vertebrate remains from the main house at 10007 Avery, D.M. 1989 South African Archaeological Bulletin 44:114-116 Paradise In: The Future Management of . 10008 Avery, G. 1980 Prehistory of False Bay Published by the False Bay Conservation Society, Cape Town 10009 Bisset, W.M. 1981 A short history of the Wynard Battery, Table Bay defences Cabo Vol. 2(4) Museum of Coast and Anti-Aircraft Artillery, Fort 10010 Bisset, W.M. n/d A short history of Kyk in de Pot Battery and Fort Wynard Wynard, Cape Town 10011 Bisset, W.M. 1982 Lower North Battery - A Defended Port of Simon's Town Simon's Town Historical Bulletin Vol .12. No. 1: Boucher, M. & Penn, N. 10012 1992 The British at the Cape, 1795-1803 Houghton: The Brenthurst Press (eds) Unpublished report prepared for the National 10013 Brann, R. 1989 A Brief History of the fortifications of the Monuments Council, Western Cape Branch, Cape Town Kalk Bay Historical Association Bulletin No. 2:20- 10014 Brown,A.C. 1998 The St. James Aquarium and False Bay 40 Unpublished Archaeology Additional Project: 10015 Buchanan, W.F. 1977 Rescue Dig at a LSA Cave, Hout Bay, Cape Province University of Cape Town 10016 Burman, J. 1977 The False Bay Story Cape Town: Human & Rousseau Simon's Town Historical Bulletin Vol .11. No. 2:63- 10017 Cairns, M 1980 Goede Gift: Its Early History 68 10018 Cairns, M. 1993 Chronicles of Castle Rock The development of Muizenberg as a seaside resort from 1882- Unpublished BA Hons dissertation. UCT: 10019 Cross, S.J. 1988 1914 Department of History 19 AUTHOR YEAR TITLE SOURCE 10020 Deacon, J. 1976 Report on stone artefacts from Duinefontein 2, Melkbosstrand South African Archaeological Bulletin 31:21-25 An assessment of the maritime archaeological potential of Table Unpublished BA Hons dissertation. UCT: 10021 Durden, T.A. 1992 Bay, 1806-1960 Department of Archaeology Unpublished report prepared for Erica van den Phase 1 archaeological assessment of the area of the proposed 10022 Halkett, D. & Mutti, B. 1999 Honert Environmental Consulting cc. UCT: Soetwater Mariculture Facility Archaeology Contracts Office SA Railways and Harbours Magazine. November: 10023 Furlong, C. le S. 1919 Kalk Bay Harbour - History and Construction of Works 742-752 Kalk Bay Historical Association Bulletin No. 2:95- 10024 Gasson, B. 1998 The Kalk Bay Water Scheme 99 Kalk Bay Historical Association Bulletin No. 1: 13- 10025 Gasson, B. & Stafford, B. 1997 The Evolution and Development of Kalk Bay Harbour 35 10026 Goodwin, A.J.H. 1953 Two Caves at Kalk Bay, Cape Peninsula South African Archaeological Bulletin 8:59-77 In: J.A. Mabutt (ed). The Cape Peninsula. Cape 10027 Goodwin, A.J.H. 1952 Early Man on the Cape Peninsula Town: Maskew Miller Goodwin, FP.J.H. & Van Annals of the South African Museum Vol 27. 10028 1929 The Stone Age Cultures of South Africa Riet Lowe, C. Edinburgh: Neil & Co. Ltd 10029 Gracie, H.S. 1946 The shell-mounds of Simonstown South African Archaeological Bulletin 1:68-73 Grindley, J.H., Speed, E. 10030 1970 The age of the Bonteberg Shelter deposits, Cape Peninsula South African Archaeological Bulletin 25:24 & Maggs, T. Second report on the archaeological monitoring of earthmoving on Unpublished report prepared for the developers. 10031 Halkett, D 1996 parts of the Victoria Junction site, Somerset Road UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Phase 2 Assessment of Early Stone Age Scatters on the AECI Site: Unpublished report prepared for AECI (Pty) Ltd. 10032 Halkett, D & Hart, T. 1997 Somerset West UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for The Planning 10033 Halkett, D & Hart, T. 1994 Phase 1 Archaeological Survey of Erf 3366, Hout Bay Partnership. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for the Planning 10034 Halkett, D & Hart, T. 1997 Phase 1 Archaeological Assessment of Erf 3477: Hout Bay Partnership. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for Erica Van Den Phase 1 Archaeological assessment of a portion of Main Road 174 10035 Halkett, D. 1998 Honert Environmental Consultants. UCT: to Klipheuwel Archaeology Contracts Unpublished report prepared for Hazendal Wine 10036 Halkett, D. 1995 Archaeological investigation of the wine cellar at Hazendal Estate. UCT: Archaeology Contacts Office A report on monitoring of earthworks in sections of Parliament and Unpublished report prepared for Stocks and 10037 Halkett, D. 1998 Castle Streets, central Cape Town, originally the site of Wagenaer's Stocks. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Dam Phase one archaeological investigation of the Victoria Junction site, Unpublished report prepared for Newport Property 10038 Halkett, D. 1995 Somerset Road Group. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office

20 AUTHOR YEAR TITLE SOURCE Phase 2 archaeological investigation: Ohlssons Breweries, Unpublished report prepared for Gabriel Fagan 10039 Halkett, D. 1995 Newlands Architects. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Archaeological investigation of the platform surrounding Mostert's Unpublished report prepared for Gabriel Fagan 10040 Halkett, D. 1995 Mill Architects. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office A phase 1 archaeological investigation of portions of Waterhof Hof Unpublished report prepared for Trevor Thorold 10041 Halkett, D. 1998 Street: Cape Town Architects. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for Gabriel Fagan 10042 Halkett, D. 1991 Report on archaeological investigations at the Castle Architects. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Archaeological assessment of selected basement rooms, Martin Unpublished report prepared for Gabriel Fagan 10043 Halkett, D. 1994 Melk House, , Cape Town Architects. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Phase2 archaeological investigations, the Moat, Castle of Good Unpublished report prepared for Gabriel Fagan 10044 Halkett, D. 1996 Hope Architects. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office An initial cultural resource assessment of erf 7490 and Fish Hoek Unpublished report prepared for COASTEC. UCT: 10045 Halkett, D. 1997 station, Fish Hoek Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for The University of 10046 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1993 Phase 2 Archaeological Excavations: North East Werf Valkenberg Cape Town Planning Unit. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for Mr Bertrand & Interim archaeological report on structures at the farm Morgenster, 10047 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1995 Revel Fox and Partners. UCT: Archaeology Somerset West Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for Johannesburg 10048 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1992 Archaeological survey: Steenberg Farm Consolidated Investment. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Archaeological assessment of the proposed Cape Flats Freeway Unpublished report prepared for Cape Flats 10049 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1997 Extension Consortium. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for Vision Projects. 10050 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1997 An assessment of a building at no.64 Cape Town UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Report on the archaeological monitoring of earthmoving on parts of Unpublished report prepared for Newport Property 10051 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1995 the Victoria Junction site, Somerset Road Group. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for LTA 10052 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1992 Phase 1 archaeological investigation: Albion Springs Rondebosch Developments (Pty) Ltd: UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for Gallagher 10053 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1992 Report on excavations in sub-precinct A, Portswood Ridge Prinsloo Associates. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for the City Planner A first phase archaeological investigation of No. 4 Bexhill Road, 10054 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1992 Cape Town City Council. UCT: Archaeology Wynberg Contracts Office

21 AUTHOR YEAR TITLE SOURCE The excavation of the Oosterland in Table Bay: the first systematic 10055 Werz, B.E.J.S. 1992 South African Journal of Science 88:85-89 exercise in maritime archaeology in southern Africa Unpublished report prepared for The University of 10056 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1991 An archaeological survey of the University of Cape Town Campus Cape Town Planning Unit. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for the City Planner Preliminary archaeological investigation of Riebeeck Square, Cape 10057 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1991 Cape Town City Council. UCT: Archaeology Town Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for Mr J. Currie. 10058 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1990 Report on the archaeological significance of Tabora UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for Concor. UCT: 10059 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1990 80 Strand Street, Cape Town: final report Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for Old Mutual 10060 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1991 Archaeological work at Sea Street Properties. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for the Victoria and 10061 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1991 The Portswood Road Precinct: archaeological investigations Alfred Waterfront Co. Pty Ltd. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for JCI Co. Ltd. 10062 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1992 Archaeological investigation of the Historic Werf, Steenberg Farm UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for the City Planners Phase 1 archaeological investigation of numbers 2 and 14 Main 10063 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1992 Department, Cape Town City Council. UCT: Road, Wynberg Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for the City Planners Stabilisation of structural remains of the main house at Paradise: 10064 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1992 Department, Cape Town City Council. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for LTA 10065 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1993 Phase 2 archaeological investigation: Albion Spring, Rondebosch Developments (Pty) Ltd: UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for Equikor Ltd. 10066 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1993 Historical assessment of Granger Bay and UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for LTA Phase 2a archaeological investigation : The Old Administration 10067 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1993 Developments (Pty) Ltd: UCT: Archaeology Block and Foreman's House, Albion Springs, Rondebosch Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for 3D Agency. UCT: 10068 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1994 Phase 1 archaeological investigation of the Old Mowbray Hotel Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for Trevor Thorold Phase 1 archival investigation of the Mount Nelson Extensions, Hof Architects and KMH Architects on behalf of the 10069 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1996 Street, Cape Town Mount Nelson Project. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office

22 AUTHOR YEAR TITLE SOURCE Unpublished report prepared for the Transitional Phase 1 archaeological assessment of open state land in District 10070 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1996 Metropolitan Substructure of Cape Town. UCT: Six Archaeology Contracts Office An assessment of heritage resources on the AECI site: Somerset Unpublished report prepared for AECI Ltd. UCT: 10071 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1996 West Archaeology Contracts Office Phase 2 archaeological investigation of colonial period burial Unpublished report prepared for 10072 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1996 patterns on the Groot Constantia Estate, Constantia Trust. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for Professor M. Hall Excavations in District Six: a residential property at the corner of 10073 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1996 of the Research Unit for the Archaeology of Cape Stuckeris and Roger Streets Town. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for Montsi Properties Phase 1 archaeological assessment of properties in Block 11, Bree 10074 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1996 and The Cape Heritage Trust. UCT: Archaeology street Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for Dennis Fabian, Archaeological monitoring of the demolition and earthworks at 10075 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1997 Berman and Hackner Architects. UCT: Boston House, Strand Street, Cape Town Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for Environmental 10076 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1998 Baseline archaeological assessment of Robben Island Risk Services. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Documentation of disturbance at the historic slave lodge Unpublished report prepared for Vergelegen Wine 10077 Halkett, D. & Mutti, B. 1998 Vergelegen Estate, Somerset West Estate. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office An archaeological investigation of structural features at Waterhof Unpublished report prepared for Trevor Thorold 10078 Halkett, D. & Nilssen, P. 1998 Hof Street: Cape Town Architects. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for Knight Hall Archaeological and Palaeontological Survey: Milnerton Lagoon 10079 Avery, G. 1995 Hendry & Associates on behalf of the Milnerton Mouth (3318CD) Municipality. SouthAfrican Museum Stone wall out of the earth that thundering cannon cannot destroy. 10080 Hall, M. & Halkett, D. 1990 Social Dynamics 16(1) Bastion and Moat at the Castle, Cape Town Hall, M., Halkett, D., The Barrack Street well: images of a Cape Town household in the 10081 1990 South African Archaeological Bulletin 45:73-92 Klose, J. & Ritchie, G. nineteenth century Hall, M., Malan, FP., South African Archaeological Society Goodwin 10082 Amann, S., Honeyman, 1993 The archaeology of Paradise Series 7:40-58 L., Kiser, T. & Ritchie, G. Unpublished report. UCT: Archaeology Contracts 10083 Hall, M.J. 1989 Block 11 Cape Town. An archaeological Assessment Office Phase 1 archaeological investigation of the land in Cape Town Unpublished report prepared for Grinaker Projects 10084 Hart, T 1996 previously known as the South African Missionary Society burial and Properties. UCT: Archaeology Contracts ground Office Report on an archaeological investigation of early structures at Unpublished report prepared for the City Planners 10085 Hart, T & Halkett, D. 1994 Sandown-on-sea, Muizenberg Department, Cape Town City Council 23 AUTHOR YEAR TITLE SOURCE Unpublished report prepared for Jonathan Phase 1 Archaeological Assessment of Erf 307 and 644 10086 Hart, T & Mutti, B. 1997 Holtmann & Associates. UCT: Archaeology Blaauwbergstrand Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for Cape Town Report on a study of a building, corner of Hout and Buitengracht 10087 Hart, T. 1997 Heritage Trust. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Streets, Cape Town Office An archaeological investigation of the Café Royal building Church Unpublished report prepared for Syfrets Ltd. UCT: 10088 Hart, T. 1995 Street, Cape Town Archaeology Contracts Office Report on sampling of shell middens at the Fisherman's World Unpublished report prepared for Cape Coast 10089 Hart, T. 1995 Development, Hout Bay, South Western Cape Province Properties. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for Crowther 10090 Hart, T. 1998 Initial heritage assessment of Culemborg Cape Town Campbell & Associates cc. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for the City Planner 10091 Hart, T. 1990 Archaeological excavations at Block 11, Cape Town Cape Town City Council. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for the City Bailey's Cottage Muizenberg: report on Cape Town City Council 10092 Hart, T. 1990 Engineer's Department Cape Town City Council. excavations UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Valkenberg Manor House phase 1 archaeological investigation Unpublished report prepared for Masterprop. 10093 Hart, T. 1990 report UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Phase 1 palaeontological and archaeological assessment of the Unpublished report prepared for Kantey Templer 10094 Hart, T. 1997 Capricorn Science Park, Muizenberg and Assoc. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for the National Archaeological excavations at 109 Harrington Street: "The Granite 10095 Hart, T. 1991 Monuments Council. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Lodge" Office Unpublished report prepared for Margi Walsh & 10096 Hart, T. 1993 Phase 1 archaeological assessment , Nova Constantia Associates. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for The University of 10097 Hart, T. 1996 Phase 1 archaeological investigation of Montebello Cape Town Planning Unit. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Phase 1 archival assessment of a portion of Rhodes High School, Unpublished report prepared for Rabie Properties. 10098 Hart, T. 1996 Mowbray UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Archaeological investigation of two cemeteries Groot Constantia Unpublished report prepared for Trevor Thorold 10099 Hart, T. 1996 Estate Constantia Architects. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for the A Baseline Archaeological and Historical assessment of the Plateau 10100 Hart, T. 1999 Environmental Evaluation Unit UCT. UCT: Road Area Archaeology Contracts Office

24 AUTHOR YEAR TITLE SOURCE An archaeological investigation of the Valkenberg cemetery and Unpublished report prepared for the University of 10101 Hart, T. 1995 burial vault Cape Town. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for Erica van den 10102 Hart, T. & Clift, H. 1997 Historical/Archaeological potential of the Blue Mountain Reserve Honert Environmental Consultant. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office An archaeological assessment of aspects of the Alphen Hotel: Unpublished report prepared for Alphen Hotel. 10103 Hart, T. & Halkett, D. 1997 Constantia UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Phase 1 archaeological assessment of the General Post Office Unpublished report prepared for Stocks and 10104 Hart, T. & Halkett, D. 1995 Cape Town Stocks. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for Mitchell and 10105 Hart, T. & Halkett, D. 1995 Archaeological assessment of No. 57 Loop Street Botha Architects. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Phase 1 archaeological investigation, Fisherman's World Phase 2, Unpublished report prepared for Cape Coast 10106 Hart, T. & Halkett, D. 1995 Hout Bay Properties. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Unpublished report prepared for Doug Jeffrey Initial heritage resources assessment of a portion of land, Milnerton 10107 Hart, T. & Mutti, B. 1998 Environmental Consultant. UCT: Archaeology Golf Course Contracts Office Phase 1 archaeological assessment of Wildshutsbrand Farm 1404 Unpublished report prepared for Wildschutsbrand 10108 Hart, T. & Mutti, B. 1998 Cape Peninsula Farm cc. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Heckroodt, R.O. & Characterisation of bottles manufactured at the Cape Glass 10109 1985 South African Archaeological bulletin 40:94-95 Saitowitz, S.J. company Glencairn, circa 1904. Hendey, Q. B. and 10110 1968 New Quaternary fossil sites near Swartklip, Cape Province. Annals of the South African Museum 52: 43-73 Hendey, H. A note on the Melkbos and Hout Bay raised beaches and the 10111 Inskeep, R. 1976 South African Archaeological Bulletin 11:77-80 Middle Stone Age 10112 Jager, H.S. 1949 A Smithfield site at Fish Hoek South African archaeological Bulletin 4:122-124 10113 Jolly, K. 1947 Preliminary note on new excavations at Skildergat, Fish Hoek South African Archaeological Bulletin 2:11-12 Final Report Archaeological Excavations, Atlantic Beach, Unpublished report prepared for Johnnic Property 10114 Kaplan, J. 1999 Melkbosstrand Developments (Pty) Ltd The excavation of three archaeological sites at Klein Slangkoppunt, Unpublished report prepared for Kommetjie 10115 Kaplan, J. 1991 Kommetjie Estates Ltd. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Kaplan, J. & Poggenpoel, A report on the archaeological implications of the development of Unpublished report prepared for Hill Kaplan Scott. 10116 1990 C. the Fish Hoek by-pass road UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Kaplan, J. & Poggenpoel, Unpublished report prepared for Hill Kaplan Scott. 10117 1990 Archaeological survey: Klein Slangkop Development, Kommetjie C. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Kaplan, J. & Poggenpoel, Unpublished report prepared for Hill Kaplan Scott. 10118 1990 A report on the archaeological sensitivity of the Noordhoek Valley C. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office 10119 Kinahan, O. & Rhind, D. 1990 Cape Town-Simon's Town Railway. Cape Town Heritage Trust 25 AUTHOR YEAR TITLE SOURCE Paleoanthropological implications of the non-archaeological bone 10120 Klein, R. G. 1975 assemblage from Swartklip 1, south-western Cape Province, South Quaternary Research 5: 275-288 Africa. Klein, R. G., Avery, G., Cruz-Uribe, K., Halkett, Duinefontein 2: an Acheulean site in the Western Cape Province of 10121 1999 Journal of Human Evolution 37: 153-190 D., Hart, T., Milo, R. G., & South Africa Volman, T. P. Lucien Le Grange Architects and Town Unpublished report prepared for the City Planners 10122 Planning Branch, City 1993 Woodstock/Salt River A Guide to Building and Repairs Department, Cape Town City Council Planner's Department Cape Town City Council Lucien Le Grange Architects and Urban Planners and Nicolas 10123 1998 Robben Island: Survey of the Built Environment Baumann & Revel Fox & Partners Architects and Planners Geomorphology, Archaeology and Anthropology from Bok Baai, 10124 Mabutt, J.A. 1955 Darling District, Cape Province. I: Physiography and Surface South African Archaeological Bulletin 10:85-86 Deposits 10125 Maggs, T. & Speed, E. 1967 Bonteberg Shelter South African Archaeological Bulletin 22:80-93 10126 Malan, B. 1955 The archaeology of Tunnel Cave and Skildergat Kop, Fish Hoek South African Archaeological Bulletin 10:3-9 10127 Marean, C. 1985 The faunal remains from Smitswinkel Bay Cave, Cape Peninsula South African Archaeological Bulletin 40:100-102 South African Archaeological Society Goodwin 10128 Markell, A. 1993 Building the past:The architecture and archaeology of Vergelegen Series 7:84-91 Markell,A., Hall, M., & The Historical Archaeology of Vergelegen, an Early Farmstead at 10129 1995 Historical Archaeology 29(1): 10-34 Schrire, C. the Cape of Good Hope Mazel, A., Moore, P., Excavation of a Possible Quarry Site in the Cape Point Nature Simon's Town Historical Bulletin Vol .11. No. 1:21- 10130 1980 Robey, T. Reserve, 1977 25 The Froggy Pond Midden: A Reconstruction of Indigenous Simon's Town Historical Bulletin Vol 10. No. 10131 Milton, S.J. 1979 Vegetation 4:143-148 Simon's Town Historical Society Bulletin. July:54- 10132 Moens, R.M. 1972 The construction and restoration of the Martello Tower 61 10133 Morris, A.G. 1992 A Master Catalogue Holocene Human Skeletons from South Africa Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press Archaeological Assessment of a Ground Floor Room (an old Unpublished report prepared for Horne Lutz 10134 Neville, D. 1997 courtyard) at 72 & 72a Keerom Street, Cape Town Architects. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office 10135 O'Donoghue, B. 1987 Zandvliet Unpublished report, Department of History,

26 AUTHOR YEAR TITLE SOURCE University of Cape Town Unpublished Hons Dissertation. UCT: Department 10136 Olivier, A.M. 1977 The Archaeological Survey of the Cape Peninsula of Archaeology Parkington, J., Unpublished report prepared for Dresnes and 10137 Poggenpoel, C. & 1990 Report on archaeological investigations at Partridge Point Zietsman. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Halkett, D. Bellevliet: Historical background on the property known as the Unpublished report prepared for Peter Pelser 10138 Patrick, M. 1992 YMCA, Observatory Architects Preliminary report on the archaeology of the Fish Hoek, Noordhoek Cape Town: University of Cape Town, School of 10139 Peers, B. 1927 Valley African Studies Poggenpoel, C. & Archaeological survey of the coast and near coastal areas of the Unpublished report prepared for OVP Associates. 10140 1990 Halkett, D. Cape Point Nature Reserve UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office Poggenpoel, C. & 10141 1981 The excavation of Smitswinkelbaai Cave, Cape Peninsula South African Archaeological Bulletin 36: 29-35 Robertshaw, P.T. Old Wynberg Village, Guidelines for Conservation and Unpublished report prepared for the City Planners 10142 Rennie, J. & Riley, P. 1987 Development Department, Cape Town City Council Report on urban Conservation Study: Upper Table Valley Area: Unpublished report prepared for the City Planner's 10143 Rennie, J. & Riley, P. 1987 1986 Department, Cape Town City Council Unpublished report prepared for the Department 10144 Revel Fox and Partners 1992 The Restoration of the Historical Buildings of Groot Constantia of Local Government, Housing and Works Unpublished report prepared for the Department 10145 Revel Fox and Partners 1992 The Restoration of the Old Wine Cellar at Groot Constantia of Local Government, Housing and Works The Restoration of the Groot Constantia Jonkershuis Complex Unpublished report prepared for the Department 10146 Revel Fox and Partners 1991 Phase 1 of Local Government, Housing and Works 10147 Revel Fox and Partners 1993 Kalk Bay, St. James and Muizenberg Conservation Study Unpublished report prepared for ? 10148 Revel Fox and Partners 1996 Lower Wynberg to Lower Mowbray Conservation Study Unpublished report prepared for the Victoria and 10149 Revel Fox and Partners 1995 The Grain Silo and Fish Quay Precinct Alfred Waterfront Co. Pty Ltd. The Lower Tank Farm and Precinct : FP Unpublished report prepared for the Victoria and 10150 Revel Fox and Partners 1991 Conservation Study Alfred Waterfront Co. Pty Ltd. Unpublished report prepared for the Victoria and 10151 Revel Fox and Partners 1991 The Portswood Road Precinct: FP Conservation Study Alfred Waterfront Co. Pty Ltd. Robben Island Embarkation Point: Jetty One: Preliminary Unpublished report prepared for the Victoria and 10152 Revel Fox and Partners 1996 conservation Analysis Alfred Waterfront Co. Pty Ltd. Kalk Bay Historical Association Bulletin No. 1: 36- 10153 Rhind, D. 1997 The Story of the Railway Line from Muizenberg to Simon's Town 52 Simon's Town Historical Society Bulletin. July:54- 10154 Rhind, D.M. 1990 Simon's Town Railway Line 61 27 AUTHOR YEAR TITLE SOURCE The Excavation of Windmill Beach Shell Midden Froggy Pond, Simon's Town Historical Bulletin Vol 12. No. 10155 Riley, F.R. & Horwitz, L. 1982 Simon's Town 1:127-139 10156 Rudner, I. & Rudner, J. 1956 Excavation of the Logie's Rock Cave, Llandudno South African Archaeological Bulletin 31:26-28 Geomorphology, Archaeology and Anthropology from Bok Baai, 10157 Rudner, I. & Rudner, J. 1955 Darling District, Cape Province. I I: Archaeology of a Coastal Dune South African Archaeological Bulletin 10: 86-91 Area at Bok Baai An annotated survey of buildings of architectural, historical and 10158 Rudner, J. & Rudner, I. 1991 Unpublished report environmental importance in Strand, Cape Province 10159 Rudner,J. 1968 Strandloper Pottery From South and South West Africa Annals of the South African Museum 49(2) Saitowitz, S.& Lastovica, 10160 1998 Rediscovering the Cape Glass Company at Glencairn Germiston: Consol E. Unpublished report for Anglo American 10161 Saitowitz, S.J. 1982 Excavation at De Posthuys. Corporation Unpublished report prepared for Anglo-American 10162 Saitowitz, S.J. 1982 Excavation at De Posthuys Corporation Saitowitz, S.J., Seeman, The development of Cape Town's waterfront in the earlier South African Archaeological Society Goodwin 10163 1993 U. & Hall, M. nineteenth century: History and archaeology of the north wharf Series 7:98-103 Saitowitz,S.J., Heckroodt, The Cape Glass Company, Glencairn: archaeology of an historical 10164 1985 South African Archaeological Bulletin 40:88-93 R.O. & Lastovica, E. site An Analysis of Lithic Material from Dale Rose Parlour Rock Shelter, Unpublished archaeology additional project. UCT: 10165 Schirmer, G.R. 1975 Trappies Kop, Kalk Bay, Cape Peninsula Department of Archaeology Riverstone Road 1993. A study of the history and material culture Unpublished BA Hons dissertation. UCT: 10166 Sealy, E 1998 from two nineteenth century households in Wynberg, Cape Town Department of Archaeology Sealy, J., Morris, A.G., South African Archaeological Society Goodwin 10167 Armstrong, R., Markell, 1993 An historic skeleton from the Slave Lodge at Vergelegen Series 7:84-91 FP. & Schrire, C. Unpublished Msc Dissertation. UCT: Department 10168 Seeman, U.A. 1993 Forts and Fortifications at the Cape Peninsula 1781-1829 of Archaeology Unpublished BSc Hons dissertation. UCT: 10169 Seeman, U.A. 1989 The Amsterdam Battery Department of Archaeology Unpublished report prepared for the Simon's 10170 Seeman, U.A. 1993 The Simon's Town so-called hot-shot-cannon-ball oven Town Municipality and Simon's Town Museum Preliminary report prepared for the Cape Town 10171 Seeman, U.A. 1995 An archaeological investigation of Rondebosch Common City Council, Parks and Forest Branch Unpublished report prepared for the University of 10172 Shepherd, N. 1995 An archaeological investigation of the Groote Schuur Zoo Cape Town. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office

28 AUTHOR YEAR TITLE SOURCE Geomorphology, Archaeology and Anthropology from Bok Baai, 10173 Singer, R. 1955 Darling District, Cape Province. I I I: A Report on the Bok Baai South African Archaeological Bulletin 10:91-93 Skeletal Remains The French Period at the Cape, 1781-1783: A Report on the 10174 Smith, A.B. 1981 Historical Journal Vol 5, No 3 excavations at Conway redoubt, Constantia Nek. Unpublished report prepared for Parow 10175 Thorold, T. 1992 An Evaluation of Conservation-Worthy Buildings and Sites in Parow Municipality Town Planning and Building Control Kalk Bay Historical Association Bulletin No.2: 87- 10176 Timoney,T. 1998 Early Water Supplies of the Peninsula Municipalities 93 10177 Timoney,T. 1994 Woodhead Dam Centenary Leaflet Todeschini & Japha Unpublished report prepared for the Simon's 10178 Associated Architects & 1992 Simon's Town Guidelines for Conservation and Development Town Municipality Town Planners Lion's Head and Historical Development and Existing Report prepared for the City Planner's 10179 Todeschini, F. 1992 Cultural Landscape Department, Cape Town City council Todeschini, F. & Japha, 10180 1986 Conservation Study Salt River Unpublished report prepared for V. Todeschini, F., Japha, D., Unpublished report prepared for the Local Council 10181 1991 Constantia-Tokai Valley Conservation (Built Environment) Study & Japha, V. of Constantia Todeschini, F., Japha, D., Unpublished report prepared for the City Planners 10182 1989 Rondebosch and Mowbray Conservation Study & Japha, V. Department, Cape Town City Council Todeschini, F., Japha, D., Green Point and Guidelines for Conservation and Unpublished report prepared for the City Planners 10183 1992 & Japha, V. Development Department, Cape Town City Council Todeschini, F., Japha, D., Cape Metropolitan Area: Protection of the Built Environment Unpublished report prepared for the Cape 10184 1998 Japha, V., & Pistorius, P. Consultancy Report Phase 2 Metropolitan Council Todeschini, F., Japha, D., Newlands, Claremont, Kenilworth and Wynberg Conservation Study Unpublished report prepared for the City Planners 10185 Japha, V., Strom, K., & 1994 Report Department, Cape Town City Council De Robillard Simon's Town Historical Bulletin Vol .11. No. 10186 Trainor, H.M. 1981 Simon's Town Historic Mule Track to Blockhouse nek 4:156-157 10187 Turner, M. 1988 Shipwrecks and Salvage in South Africa: 1505 to the present Cape Town: Struik 10188 Van Noten, F.L. 1974 Excavations at Gordon's Bay shell midden, south-western Cape South African Archaeological Bulletin 29:122-142 South African Journal Cultural Art History 1(1):23- 10189 Walton, J. 1987 Early Cape Lime-Kilns 35 The Josephine Mill and its owners: the story of milling and brewing 10190 Walton, J. 1978 Cape Town: Historical Society of Cape Town at the Cape of Good Hope 10191 Walton, J. 1974 Water-mills, windmills & horse-mills of South Africa Cape Town: Struik

29 AUTHOR YEAR TITLE SOURCE Simon's Town Historical Society Bulletin 7(4): 10192 Willis, H.C. 1973 The Fortifications of Simon's Bay 129-34 Simon's Town Historical Bulletin Vol .9. No. 3:99- 10193 Willis, H.C. 1981 The Simon's Town Water Supply 108 Unpublished report prepared for AEA Town and 10194 1982 Upper Long Street Conservation Planning Study Regional Planners: The Cape Provincial Institute of Architects 10195 1973 The Martello Tower in Simon's Town Simon van der Stel Foundation Bulletin 28 Guide to the Peers Cave (Skildergat): The Home of Ancient Man at 10196 1941 Issued by the Fish Hoek Municipality Fish Hoek, Cape Peninsula Simon's Town Historical Bulletin Vol .20. No. 10197 Brand, J.H. 1999 The Elsies River Mill, Glencairn 3:109-119 Unpublished report prepared for D. Jeffrey Environmental Consultant on behalf of the South 10198 Halkett, D. & Hart, T. 1999 An archaeological baseline study of Miller's Point Peninsula Municipality. UCT: Archaeology Contracts Office 10199 Hart, T. pers comm. 10200 Hart, D. pers comm. 10201 Wexham, B 1984 Shipwrecks of the Western Cape London: Howard Timmins Maritime archaeological project Table Bay: aspects of the first field South African Archaeological Society Goodwin 10202 Werz, B.E.J.S. 1993 season Series 7:33-39 10203 Cairns, M. 1992 Park Road Estate, Rondebosch: looking back Cape Town 10204 Winter, S. pers comm. Shipwrecks of Robben Island, South Africa: an exercise in cultural The Internatinal Journal of Nautical Archaeology 10205 Werz, B.E.J.S. 1993 resource management in the underwater environment 22:245-256 Diviing up the Human Past: Perspectives of maritime archaeology, 10206 Werz, B.E.J.S. 1997 Cape Town with specific reference to developments in South Africa until 1996 Werz, B.E.J.S. & Operation Sea Eagle: Final report on a survey of the shipwrecks Unpublished report, Cape Town, National 10207 1992 Deacon, J. around Robben Island Monuments Council Unpublished report to the National Monuments 10208 Werz, B.E.J.S. 1996 Excavation of a shipwreck on the Beach Council The Oosteland GIS: Applying aspects of Geographical Information Unpublished MA dissertation. UCT: Department of 10209 Sharfman, J. 1998 Systems to a maritime archaeological project Archaeology Unpublished report to the National Monuments 10210 Boshoff, J. 1997 Investigation of an exposed shipwreck on Milnerton Beach Council Investigating Identity and Life Histories: Isotopic Analysis and International Journal of Historical Archaeology 10211 Cox, G. & Sealy, J. 1997 Historical Documentatin of Slave Skeletons found on the Cape 1(3):207-224 Town Foreshore, South Africa

30 AUTHOR YEAR TITLE SOURCE International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 10212 Lightley, B. 1976 An 18th Century Dutch East Indiaman found at Cape Town, 1971 5(4):305-316 10213 Deacon, H.J. 1989 A History of the Breakwater Prison from 1859 to1905 BA African Studies. University of Cape Town A History of the Medical Institutions on Robben Island, Cape Unpublished Phd. Thesis. University of 10214 Deacon, H.J. 1994 Colony, 1846-1910 Cambridge 10215 Deacon, H.J. 1996 The Island: a history of Robben Island 1488-1990 Cape Town: David Phillip Unpublished BA Hons dissertation. UCT: 10216 Shepherd, N. 1989 Reading the Past: Archaeology at the Residency, Simon's Town Department of Archaeology Unpublished African Studies Seminar: University 10217 Shepherd, N. 1993 Landscape in Transformation: Simon's Bay 1760-1970 of Cape Town Monitoring and Archaeological Investigation : Mount Nelson Unpublished report prepared for KMH Architects 10218 Malan, A. 1997 Extensions, Hof Street, Cape Town. Building Alterations at Taunton on behalf of the Mount Nelson Project. UCT: House and Cottage, No. 10 Hof Street and Helmsley Hotel Archaeology Contracts Office Restoration of Castle Archaeological Investigations. Preliminary 10219 Vos, H.N. & Oosthuizen 1986 Unpublished report. University of Stellenbosch report on Block B, 2nd Floor Tunnel-Passage Klaasenbosch. Historical background on the property now known as Unpublished report prepared for Mrs E. Mc Grath. 10220 Patrick, M. 1993 the Cellars Country House and Hohenort, Constantia Cape Town: Cape Archaeological Survey cc An Assessment of the Conservation Framework in South Africa as it Unpublished MSocSci University of Birmingham 10221 Worth, D. relates to the industrial heritage of Cape Town (Ironbridge Institute) Unpublished Phd. Thesis. UCT: Department of 10222 Baxter, A.J. 1989 Pollen Analysis of a Table mountain Cave Deposit Environmental and Geographical Sciences Unpublished report prepared for Ninham Shand Phase 1 Cultural-Historical Assesment of the Proposed Westlake 10223 Hart, T. 1988 Consulting Engineers. UCT: Archaeology Development Area Contracts Office

31