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1.1 Background to study

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FIGURE 2 FIGURE 1 NEIL SCHWARTZ TOWN PLANNING 37@7GATEWAY PRECINCT NEIL SCHWARTZ TOWN PLANNING 3ERVEN 1388, 1389, 7 1391, 0 9685 & 1416  5 TEL: 021 418 6865 FAX 086 6806673 TEL: 021 418 6865 FAX 086 6806673 7OCTOBER2011 Email: [email protected] 7OCTOBER2011 Email: [email protected]  5 5 

VICTORIA & ALFRED GATEWAY PRECINCT HIA 6 1.5.1 BACKGROUND TO PRECINCT PLAN AMENDMENTS: 1992 TO 1994

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VICTORIA & ALFRED GATEWAY PRECINCT HIA 12 th ‘In consequence a Hottentot village the Christian persuasion’ Human remains found at Marina Residential, Gallows Hill traffic station evidence of informal, burialpaupersground predatingthe mid 19 Early maps make reference to on the outskirts of (Malan n.d.). century. foundsailors 4 c1786 descriptionof guilty of murder and whose remains were put on display on poles erected near the sand dunes near the Mole at [Murray 1964:22] of complaints lodged before the President and members of the Burgher Senate that dead bodies are buried outside the walls of the General Burial places to the great nuisance of the Public … and burial of such Dead Bodies are hereby seriously forbidden … There is now a place, fixed between the Moullie and Chavonne Battery for the internment of slaves and those (other than Moslems) that are no of [Murray (1964) puts the location of this cemetery along present Portswood road, on the site that the Breakwater prison was built in 1859] Physical/Documentary Physical/Documentary harbour situated to the north of the Castle: anchorage protected by at least 6 batteries Urban expansioninto areato the west of Buitengracht C1858 prisoners of the Eastern Cape Frontier War held at . A number escaped, of which only 14 were recaptured. Open plain on theof Open plain on outskirts town. the Granite and Malmesbury shale geological substrata result in grazing rich in trace elements (Hart 2003). Nature of significance Nature of Material evidence century the th ecuted prisoners ted at presentted at day MouillePoint. plain with some prominent dunes Hospital adjacent to walled es or settlement (Picard 1969b). aptised ‘slaves and heathens’ paupers and ex or Waterfront. By end of 17 of   Amsterdam/Amsterdam Battery c1790 Completion of French Lines 1795 Construction of the Kyk-in-de Pot Battery 1813 Burgher Senate auctions of land along the lower slopes of – start of residential fringe 1813 Land near Amsterdam Battery granted to the SA Missionary Society for use as cemetery for b (Apollonio 1998) 1818 Construction of ‘old’ Somerset cemeteries. 1827 Peace declared between English and French. Many of Cape defence works dismantled in attempt to reduce maintenance costs. Common consisted of a flat coastal with a large seasonal vlei towards Mouille Point Common used by the VOC to graze company cattle. The area was referred to as Activities/Elements/Buildings Activities/Elements/Buildings area still has no permanent structur Informal burial area for slaves, referred to as early as 1710 (Cox 1999) 1715 Construction started Informal slave burial grounds between the Buitengracht and the Waterkasteel 1743 Mole (unsuccessfully) construc Remains still visible at low tide 1755: Burial grounds granted to DRC c1770 construction of Heeren Hendricks Kinderen Battery 1780 War declared between England and the Netherlands. Heeren Hendricks Kinderen Batterybe to upgraded. Renamed Fort Execution grounds Formal burial ground and huntingsite Grazing land Defensive batteriessituated along its coastal edge eg Chavonnes, Amsterdam and Pot de Kyk in Execution grounds Along town’s edge – cemeteries, both formal and informal 1850 Place of defence/Detention – Period Role Associations/ People/Events Associations/ Period Role Precolonial Transient camping, grazing Dutch: 1652- 1806 British: 1806

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VICTORIA & ALFRED GATEWAY PRECINCT HIA 13 The Table Bay Harbour Board bought additional landstrip in a situated between the Amsterdam Battery and the (new) Somerset Hospital effectively destroying large parts of the Gallows Hill, as well as the ‘WhiteSands’ paupersburial ground. Gallows Hill systematically demolished: 1891 the hillwas bisected by the northern the 1897 track. Railway slope was destroyed by the construction of the Alfred Docks. levelled in side was The eastern 1900. th network also dates showground for military review demolished in the 1850s with the er Battery/Laboratory between he east of the powder magazine. on Fort Wynyard. ‘Buffer zone’ to Gallows Hill – chalk ew’ Somerset Hospital situated nd the top was paved with bluestone ich the executed bodies were to withstandto modern artilleryfire. Battery demolished construction of the railway ay 1964:22] msterdam Battery converted to prison The Chavonnes Battery was already 1905 Fort Amsterdam partially demolished granted to the Cape Town City Council – conditions regarding encroachment construction of the Alfred Docks. 1859 Construction starts on the ‘n between Breakwater Prison and Fort Wynyard 1860 Start of large scale harbour works. Convict labour used in construction works. The to this period. 1862 Kyk in de Pot Battery upgraded and renamed Fort Wynyard 1863 Confederate ship, Alabama, anchored in Table Bay. Esp Amsterdam Battery kept watchful eye. 1864 - 1886 Closure of cemeteries along Somerset Road 1893 Green Point Common used as Amsterdam remodelled, fitted with heavier guns. Realisation that 18 already around Fort Wynyard. Powd Amsterdam and Chavonnes A 1835 execution place moved from situatedt rise just over90 metresto Hill was just over 18metres high a [slate] flagstones. At either end of the paving were end sockets for erecting the crossbeam from wh suspended. The executed were buried below the eastern slopes of Gallows Hill [Murr century structure not sufficient Abandoned c1898. 1899: Anglo Boer War The Anglo Boer War broke out in 1899 and lasted until 1902. Althoughof theactionthemost took placein erstwhile Boer Republics, Cape Town was an important transit point: British soldiers were landed and deployed from Cape Town and Boer prisoners of war were shipped to St Helena, Ceylon and Bermuda from Cape Town. modernisation of infrastructure Place of defence Medical Role in British Empire Industrialisation 1900 Harbour development and end of WWII Defence – – 1851 1900

VICTORIA & ALFRED GATEWAY PRECINCT HIA 14 Celebrationhistorical of Victorian harbour in redevelopmentof Waterfront as tourist attractioncommercial and centre increased development development increased – Group Areas Act schemes c1937 does away with trialisation ofcity 1948 Nationalist party comes into power. 1962 Political Prison 1977 Ben Schoeman Dock opened. Harbour’s commercial potential cut by the reopening of the Suez Canal and containerism 1976 Fort Wynyard declared a National Monument 1980 Proposal conversion of the old harbour into yacht basin and tourist area. 1987 Fort Wynyard restored and opened as Coastal Artillery Museum 1987-1992 1988 Establishment of V&A Waterfront Company (stake holders incl Portnet) agreed to develop 83 hectars of the old harbour area in vicinity of the Pierhead. Old buildings restored. New buildings imitated style of older warehouses in deliberate attempt to recapture Cape Town’s Victorian heritage. 1989 Nomination for remains of Amsterdam Battery to be declared. Modernisation and indus along docks and growth of manufacturial areas/Industrial areas. Exapnsion of harbour. Reclamation Roggebaai, the pier and in 1943 the new Duncan Docks opened Recreation & Tourism Place of liberation Scenic Industrialisation Place of defence partheid A Post WWII Post-apartheid Commerce & Trade era

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SYNCHROLIFT

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53

ALFRED ST

STANLEY RD COEN STEYTLER AVE

BUITENGRACHT

Precinct boundary Primary public space

Existing development footprint Secondary public space

Development parcel Public realm

Colonnade Public park

Semi-public space

Relic feature in park setting

Primary structuring tree planting

Secondary tree planting

VICTORIA & ALFRED GATEWAY PRECINCT HIA 44 37@7R^_

SYNCHROLIFT

SOUTH ARM RD

DOCK RD

1

2

DOCK RD

1

PORT RD 2

HELEN SUZMAN BLVD 1 CANAL

57

ALFRED ST

STANLEY RD COEN STEYTLER AVE

BUITENGRACHT

V&A Waterfront boundary IRT bus stop

Precinct boundary Basement parking access

Retained / Reinstated heritage structure Basement parking exit

5m set-back around heritage structure Vehicular route

Existing development parcel Access to the precinct

New development parcel 1 Maximum building height = 50m from base level (Max height permitted for 50% of development package) Unrestricted public access 2 Maximum building height = 40m from base level Semi-public access (Max height permitted for 50% of developmet package)

Pedestrian bridge

VICTORIA & ALFRED GATEWAY PRECINCT HIA 45 8 "00"!0

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VICTORIA & ALFRED GATEWAY PRECINCT HIA 46 8 !"@"03@3 !0[!8

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VICTORIA & ALFRED GATEWAY PRECINCT HIA 47 <`G@6`7

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VICTORIA & ALFRED GATEWAY PRECINCT HIA 48 <`01`I7

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VICTORIA & ALFRED GATEWAY PRECINCT HIA 49 G3@7R]7]G]5@7_5 ]`7`5R7`8_ ]0R=]`]`76R7R== ]55R0@R@ R07R7R7 8"]7`]0R`]=]`7 `8 ]`RGR0`_ ]R6G76R07 R87R]G707] `8"RRRRGRR7GRRR 6]`]G]R`@!R5]]RR]R R`05]R`R7RR08]_]0R R]]R`5R= @!RR]`]7RR ]RR`]]`8

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VICTORIA & ALFRED GATEWAY PRECINCT HIA 50 FIGC71F6%CI1@%GCG7F7`F<1 $%0CI`

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VICTORIA & ALFRED GATEWAY PRECINCT HIA 51 G3@RR R@7RR ]0G]R]]RR`@7 R]]R063@0GRRR8 " ] ` ]G 0 0 G ]<R ` ]R R ] `@7R0] @750RRR`R]G]7G RR8

VICTORIA & ALFRED GATEWAY PRECINCT HIA 52 8 00"!0"

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Nicolas Baumann 

VICTORIA & ALFRED GATEWAY PRECINCT HIA 53 !0

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VICTORIA & ALFRED GATEWAY PRECINCT HIA 54 APPENDIX A

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