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Dear Synagogue Member: This has been a trying time for the Jewish people. As we’ve watched our communities struggle with the challenges of the last few months, it is inspiring to hear how much rabbis and congregations have filled their time with Torah study and programming for the whole family. As many congregations are returning to public minyanim, we wanted to do our part to contribute to this effort. Together with our partners at the Orthodox Union’s Department of Synagogue & Community Services, we’re pleased to bring you this packet of the weekly Parsha and Haftara readings, from the Steinsaltz Humash. We hope you will appreciate the pioneering translation, commentary, and visual aids from Rabbi Adin Even-Israel Steinsaltz. If you’d like to purchase your own copy of this Humash, we’re happy to offer you a 20% discount using the code “humash” from our website, www.korenpub.com. If you have any questions about this or any of our products, please email us at [email protected]. Thank you to the Orthodox Union’s Department of Synagogue & Community Services for spearheading this initiative. please note: this packet contains the name of g-d, please make sure to treat it with the appropriate level of resepect. With best wishes for good health, Matthew Miller Koren Publishers Jerusalem The Steinsaltz Humash Humash Translation and Commentary

Commentary by Rabbi Adin Even-Israel Steinsaltz

Koren Publishers Jerusalem Book of Deuteronomy | Chapter 1 | Parashat Devarim

Deuteronomy starts by noting the location where Moses delivered his great closing address to the children Moses’ Speech Begins of Israel, and by mentioning certain places where and about which he spoke. It then begins to cite the DEUTERONOMY 1:12:1 contents of his address. Moses explains that the people’s journey to the Land of Israel should have taken a mere few days, but it was extended due to their fear of entering the land. Eventually, God decreed that they must wander in the wilderness until the generation that left Egypt had died out. Those who attempted to enter the land before receiving permission to do so were killed in battle. In this survey, Moses incidentally mentions his delegation of judicial responsibility to judges and officers, a process accompanied by his admonition to the judges to rule justly.

1 1 Th ese are the words that Moses spoke to all Israel beyond the , in the wilderness that stretches along the east- ern side of the Jordan, in the Arava which extends from the to the Gulf of Eilat, opposite the Red Sea, between ParanB and Tofel, and Lavan,B and Hatzerot,B and Di Zahav.B Th ese places serve to pinpoint the precise locations where Moses spoke.4 Alternatively, Moses repeated here various com- mandments that he had imparted to the people when they were in these places.5 Additionally, these names allude to certain events to which Moses refers in his address.6 2 Eleven days from Horev,B Mount Sinai, via Mount Se’irB un- til Kadesh Barnea. Th e journey from Mount Sinai to Kadesh Barnea, on the southern border of the Land of Israel,7 took eleven days. However, it was only many years aft er the people arrived in Kadesh Barnea that they were able to enter Israel. 3 It was in the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, which would later be called Shevat, on the fi rst of the month,D that Moses spoke to the children of Israel, in accordance with everything that the Lord had commanded him to them. 4 Aft er his smiting of Sihon, king of the Emorites, who lived in Heshbon,B and Og, king of Bashan, who lived in

Locations mentioned by Moses

DISCUSSION BACKGROUND 1:3 | In the eleventh month, on the 1:1 | Paran: A general name for the Sinai Peninsula, village Tafila in Jordan, based on the similarity of the first of the month: According to tra- which includes several deserts: Tzin, Sinai, Eitam, and names. This village is located 25 km southeast of the dition, Moses died on the seventh of Shur. Additionally, Paran is the name of a specific Dead Sea. Adar, the twelfth month (see Kiddushin location (Genesis; I Kings 11:18), possibly a mountain Hatzerot: The identification of this location de- 38a). Since he began his farewell range west of the Arava, opposite Mount Se’ir (see pends upon a dispute with regard to Mount Sinai. speech on the first of Shevat, the entire 33:2), or in southern Sinai. It should be noted that Those who identify Mount Sinai with Yaval Musa in book of Deuteronomy, virtually all of southwest of the Sinai Peninsula there is a prominent the southern part of the Sinai Peninsula would claim which is Moses’ last address to his peo- wadi with a similar name, Wadi Feiran. that Hatzerot is Ein Khuderah, on the route from ple, encompasses a period of just over Tofel and Lavan: These locations have not been Yaval Musa to Eilat, Etzyon Gever. Others claim that one month. positively identified. Some claim that Tofel is the

946 ספר דברים | פרק א | דברים

פרשת דברים א א אֵ ֶּ ֣לה הַ דּ בָרִ ֗ ים אֲשׁ ֶ֨ ר דִּ בֶּ ֤ר מֹשׁ ֶ ה אֶ ּל־כל־יִשׂרָ אֵ֔ ל בּﬠֵ ֖בֶ ר הַ יַּר דֵּ ֑ ן בַּמִּד בָּ֡ ר בָּ ֽﬠֲרָ בָ ה א ב מ֨ וֹל ס֜ וּף בֵּ ָּין־פ ָ ֧ ארן וּבֵ ּ֛ ין־תֹפֶ ל ולָבָ ֥ן וַ ֽחֲ צֵר֖ ֹת ודִ֥ י זָהָ ֽב׃ אַחַ֨ ד ﬠָשָׂ ֥ר יוֹם מֵ ֽחֹרֵ ֔ ב דֶּ ֖רֶ ך ג הַ ר־שֵׂﬠִ֑יר ﬠַ ֖ד קָדֵ ֥שׁ בַּר נֵ ֽﬠ ׃ וַ ֽיהִ י בּאַר בָּﬠִ֣ים שׁ ָ נָ֔ ה בּﬠַשׁ תֵּ ֽי־ﬠָשָׂ ֥ר ח֖ ֹדֶשׁ בּאֶחָ ֣ד ד לַח֑ ֹדֶשׁ דִּ בֶּ ֤ר מֹשׁ ֶ ה אֶ ּ לבנֵ ֣י יִשׂרָ אֵ֔ ל כּ כ֠ ֹל אֲשׁ ֶ֨ ר צִ וָּ ֧ה ֛ יהוה אֹת֖ וֹ אֲלֵהֶ ֽם׃ אַ ֽחֲרֵ ֣ י הַכּ ֹת֗ וֹ אֵ֚ ת סִ יחֹן מֶ ֣לֶך הָ ֽאֱ מֹרִ ֔ י אֲשׁ ֶ ֥ר ׁ ֵ יוֹש֖ב בּחֶשׁ בּ֑ וֹן ואֵ֗ ת ע֚ וֹג מֶ ֣לֶך הַבָּשׁ ָ֔ ן אֲשׁ ֶ ר

רש״י

פרק א וְעַ  מַ ה ֶּׁ ש ָﬠשׂ וּ ּבְמִדְ ַ ּבר ָּפ ָ ארן עַ ל יְדֵ י הַמְרַ ּגְלִ ים: וַחֲ צֵ רֹת. ג ׀ וַיְהִ י בְּאַרְ בָּﬠִ ים שׁ ָ נָה בְּﬠַשׁ ְתֵּ י ﬠָשָׂ ר חֹדֶשׁ בְּאֶחָ ד לַ חֹדֶשׁ . א ׀ אֵ ֶּ לה הַדְּ בָרִ ים. לְפִ י ׁשֶהֵ ן ּדִבְרֵ י ּוֹכָ חוֹ, וּמָָ ָּכאן ָּ כל ּבְמַחֲ לֻקְ ּתוֹ ׁ ֶ של קֹרַ ח. ּדָבָ ר ַחֵ ר, ָמַ ר ָֶ ם: הָ יָה לָכֶ ם מְ לַ ֵּ מד ׁ ֶ ש ּלֹא ִהוֹכ ָ יחן ּ ֶָא סָ ְמוּך ַ ִּמ ָ יה. מִ ִּ מי ָמַ ד? הַ ְּמקוֹמוֹת ׁשֶהִכְעִ יסוּ לִפְֵי הַ ָּמקוֹם ּבָהֶ ן, ְפִ יכָךְ סַָ ם ֶ ת לִלְמֹד מִ ַּ מה ֶּׁ ש ָﬠשִׂ ִ יי לְמִרְ יָם ּבַחֲצֵ רוֹת ִ ּבׁשְבִ יל ָ ׁשוֹן הָרָ ע, מִ יַּעֲ קֹב, ׁ ֶ ש ֹּא ִהוֹכ יח ֶ ת ּבָָיו ֶ ּלָא סָ ְמוּך ִּלַמ ָ יה. ָמַ ר: הַ ּדְבָרִ ים וְהִ ִּזְכ ָ ירם ּבְרֶמֶ ז, מִ ּפְֵי ְּכ ָ בוֹדן ׁ ֶ של יִשְׂרֵָ ל: אֶ ל כָּ  וְאַ ֶּ ם ִדְ ּבַרְ ֶּ ם ַ ּב ָּמקוֹם: וְדִ י זָהָ ב. הוֹכִ ָ יחן עַ  הָעֵ גֶ ׁ ֶ ש ָﬠשׂ וּ רְ ֵ וּבן ּבְִי, ֲִי ֵ וֹמר לְךָ מִ ּפְֵי מָ ה לֹא הוֹכַחְ ִּ ָיך ָּ כל יִשְׂרָ אֵ ל. ּ ִוּ ִהוֹכ יח מִקְצָָ ן, הָ יוּ ֵ ּלוּ ׁ ֶ ש ַ ּבּׁשוּק וֹמְרִ ים: ִ ּבׁשְבִ י רֹב זָהָ ב ׁשֶהָ יָה לֶָ ם, ׁ ֶ ש ֶּאֱמַ ר: "וְכֶסֶ ף הִרְ ֵּב ִ יי ּלָ הַ ּׁשִָים הַ ָּללוּ, ּכְדֵ י ׁ ֶ ש ֹּא ַּ ִּ יחִֵי וְֵ לֵךְ וְִדְ ַ ּבק ְ ּב ֵﬠשָׂ ו ָחִ י. אַ ֶּ ם הֱ יִ ֶ ים ׁשוֹמְעִ ים מִ ֶ ּבן עַמְרָ ם וְלֹא הֲ ׁ ִש ֶ יבוֹם ּדָבָ ר, וְזָהָ ב ָﬠשׂ וּ ַּבָעַ " (הושע ב, י): ִ וּמ ּפְֵי ַרְ ּבָעָ  ּדְבָרִ ים ֵ ין ִמוֹכ ִיחין ֶ ת הָאָדָ ם ֶ ּלָא סָ ְמוּך מִ ּכָךְ וְכָךְ , ִ ּלוּ הָ יִ ינוּ ׁ ָ שם הָ יִ ינוּ מְ ׁ ִש ִיבין וֹתוֹ; לְכָךְ ִּ כ ְּנסָ ם ִּלַמ ָ יה: ּכְדֵ י ׁ ֶ ש ּלֹא יְהֵ א ִמוֹכיחוֹ וְחוֹזֵר ִוּמוֹכיחוֹ, ׁ ֶ וְש ּלֹא יְהֵ א ב ׀ אַחַ ד ﬠָשָׂ ר יוֹם מֵ חֹרֵ ב. ָמַ ר לֶָ ם ֶׁ מֹשה: רְ וּ מַ ה ֻּ כ ָּ לם וְאָמַ ר לֶָ ם: הֲרֵ י ֻּ כ ּלְכֶ ם ָּכאן, ָּ כל מִ י ׁ ֶ ש ׁיֵּש לוֹ ְּ ׁשוּבָ ה חֲבֵ רוֹ ֵרוֹאהוּ וּמְִ ַ ּבֵיּׁש מִ ֶּ מ ּוּ וְכוּ׳, ּכִדְִ ָ יא ּבְסִפְרֵ י (ב). ֶּׁ ש ּגְרַמְ ֶּ ם, ֵ ין לָכֶ ם ּדֶרֶךְ קְצָרָ ה מֵ חוֹרֵ ב לְקָדֵ ׁש ּבַרְֵע ּכְדֶרֶךְ ׁ ִיָשיב: בַּמִּדְ בָּ ר. לֹא ַ ּב ּמִדְ ָ ּבר הָ יוּ ֶ ּלָא ּבְעַ רְ בוֹת ָ מוֹאב, וּמַ הוּ וְכֵ ן יְ ׁהוֹשֻע לֹא ִהוֹכ יח ֶ ת יִשְׂר  ֵֶָ ּלָא סָ ְמוּך ִּלַמ ָ יה. הַ ר שֵׂעִ יר, וְאַ ף הִ י מַהֲ לַךְ ַחַ ד ָﬠשָׂ ר יוֹם וְאַ ֶּ ם הֲ לַכְ ֶּ ם " ַ ּב ּמִדְ ָ ּבר"? ּ ֶָא ִ ּבׁשְבִ י מַ ה ּׁשֶהִכְ עִ יסוּהוּ ַ ּב ּמִדְ ָ ּבר, ׁשֶאָמְ רוּ: וְכֵ ן ׁ ְש ֵ מוּאל, ׁ ֶ ש ֶּאֱמַ ר: "הִ ְנִי עֲ וּ בִ י" (שמואל ׳ יב, ג). וְכֵ ן ָ אוֹת ּה ִ ּבׁ ְ שָֹׁ שה יָמִ ים, ׁשֶהֲרֵ י ְ ּב ֶﬠשְׂרִ ים ּבְאִ יָּר ָנסְ עוּ מֵ חוֹרֵ ב, "מִ י ֵּ יִן ֵמוּתוּ״ וְגוֹ׳ (שמות טז, ג): בָּﬠֲרָ בָ ה. ִ ּבׁשְבִ יל הָעֲרָבָ ה, ָ ּדוִד ֶ ת ׁ ְ שֹמֹה ְּבוֹ: ּ ּ ּ ׁשֶחָטְ אוּ ּבְבַעַ ל ְּ פעוֹר ַ ּבִּׁ ש ִּטים ּבְעַרְ בוֹת ָ מוֹאב: מוֹל סוּף. עַ ל ׁ ֶ ש ֶּאֱמַ ר: "וַיְהִ י ַ ּבׁשָָ הַ ׁשִֵי ַ ּבחֹדֶ ׁש הַ ׁשִֵי ְ ּב ֶﬠשְׂרִ ים ַ ּבחֹדֶ ׁש״ וְגוֹ׳ (במדבר י, י) ּ ד ׀ אַחֲרֵ י הַכּ ֹתוֹ. ָמַ ר ֶׁ מֹשה: ִ ם ֲִי ִמוֹכ ָ יחם קֹדֶ ם מַ ה ּׁשֶהִמְ רוּ ְּבַים סוּף, ְּב ָ בוֹאם ְיַם סוּף, ׁשֶאָמְ רוּ: "הֲמִ ּבְִי , וּבְ ֶﬠשְׂרִ ים וְִ ׁשְעָ  בְסִ יוָן ׁ ָ שְ חוּ ֶ ת הַמְרַ ּגְלִ ים מִ ּקָדֵ ׁש ּבַרְֵע , צֵא מֵהֶ ם ׁ ְ ש ִׁשים יוֹם ׁ ֶ שﬠשׂ וּ ּבְקִבְ רוֹת הַ ַּאֲ וָה ׁ ֶ שיִּ ָּ כ ְנסוּ לִקְ וֹת הָאָרֶ ץ, יֹ ְמרוּ: מַ ה ּלָזֶה עָלֵ ינוּ, מַ ה הֵ ִיטיב אֵ ין קְבָרִ ים ּבְמִצְרַ יִם" (שמות יד, י), וְכֵ ן ּבְָסְעָ ם מִ ּת ְוֹך הַ יָּם, ֹ ָ ׁשֶאָכְ לוּ הַ ּבָשָׂ ר חֹדֶ ׁש יָמִ ים, ׁוְשִבְעָ  יָמִ ים ׁ ֶ ש ָﬠשׂ וּ ּבַחֲצֵ רוֹת לָ וּ, ֵ ינוֹ ָ ּבא ֶ ּלָא ֵּ לְקְַתר וְלִמְ צֹא עִ ּלָ, ׁשֶאֵ ין ּבוֹ ּכֹח ׁ ֶ ש ֶּאֱמַ ר: "וַיַּמְ רוּ עַ ל יָם ְ ּבַים סוּף" (הלים קו, ז), ּכִדְִ ָ יא לְֶסְ גֵּר ׁשֶ ל מִרְ יָם, ִמְצָא ִ ּבׁ ְ שלָֹׁ שה יָמִ ים הָ ְ כוּ ָּ כל וֹתוֹ לְַכְִ ֵיסנוּ לָאָרֶ ץ. לְפִיכָךְ הִמְ ִּתין עַ ד ׁשֶהִ ִּפיל סִ יחוֹן וְעוֹג ּבַעֲרָכִ ין (דף טו ע״): בֵּ ין ָּפ ָ ארן וּבֵ ין תּ ֹפֶ ל וְלָבָ ן. ָמַ ר רַ ִ ּבי הַ ּדֶרֶךְ , וְכָ ל ּכָךְ הָ יְָ ה הַ ּׁשְכִ יָ מְִ ּלַבֶטֶ ת ִ ּבׁשְבִילְכֶ ם לְמַהֵ ר לִפְֵיהם וְ ִהוֹר ׁ ָ ֶישם ֶ ת ַרְצָ ם, וְאַחַ ר ּכָךְ ִהוֹכ ָ יחן: סִ יחֹן... ָ יוֹח ָן: חָ זַרְ נוּ עַ ל ָּ כ הַ ּמִקְרָ  וְֹא מָצִ ינוּ מָ קוֹם ׁ ֶ שְּׁשמוֹ ֹּפֶ ל ּ ּ אֲשׁ ֶ ר ׁ ֵ יוֹשב בְּחֶשׁ ְבּ וֹן. ִ ּלוּ לֹא הָ יָה סִ יחוֹן קָ ׁ ֶ שה וְהָ יָה וְלָבָ ן, ֶ ּלָא ִהוֹכ ָ יחן עַ ל הַ ּדְבָרִ ים ׁ ֶ ש ָּפְ לוּ עַ ל הַ ָּ מן ׁ ֶשהוּא ִּביַְכֶ ם לָאָרֶ ץ דֶ רֶךְ הַ ר שֵׂעִ יר, וּבִ ׁשְבִ י ׁ ֶ ש ִּ קלְקַ ֶ לְם הֵסֵ ב אְֶכֶ ם סְבִ יבוֹת הַ ר שֵׂעִ יר ַרְ ּבָעִ ים ׁשָָ: ׁ ָשרוּי ּבְחֶ ׁ ְ ש ּבוֹן, הָ יָה קָ ׁ ֶ שה, ׁשֶהַ ּמְדִ יָ קָ ׁ ָ שה. וְאִ ּלוּ הָ יְָ ה ָבָ ן, ׁשֶאָמְ רוּ: "וְַפְ ׁ ֵשנוּ קָצָ ַ ּב ֶּחֶ ם הַ ְּ קלֹקֵ " (במדבר כא, ה), עִ יר ַחֶרֶ  וְסִ יחוֹן ׁ ָשרוּי ְּב ָ תוֹכ ּ, הָ יָה קָ ׁ ֶ שה, ׁשֶהַ ֶּ מלֶךְ

BACKGROUND it is the settlement Hazira, on the southern edge 1841; second edition, enlarged, 1856 [English and 1:4 | Heshbon: An important city located on the of Mount Helal, in the north of central Sinai. German]; Robinson, 1934). Those who identify borders of the portions of the tribes of Gad and Di Zahav: Some identify this as Dahab, a port Mount Sinai with Har Karkom note that there Reuben (Joshua 13:17). It is generally identified on the southeastern coast of the Sinai Peninsula. are ten wells between there and Kadesh Barnea, with Tel Hesban, located on the King’s Highway, each separated by roughly 10–15 km, which is on the range above the Madaba Plains, about 1:2 | Eleven days from Horev: Travelers in the maximum distance that a large group can 20 km southwest of Rabat Amon. According caravans of camels testified that they traversed travel in one day. to Josephus Flavius, Heshbon passed through the area from Yaval Musa, which some iden- several hands after various wars, and was even tify as Mount Sinai, to Kadesh Barnea, in ten Via Mount Se’ir: Some claim that Mount Se’ir is Yaval Seira or Mount Harif, which are near under Israelite control in the Hasmonean period. or eleven days (Biblical Researches in Palestine It can be inferred from Song of Songs 7:5 that and Adjacent Countries, 561–62 (three volumes, the road leading from northern Sinai toward Etzyon Gever. this city was familiar to the (see also Boston and London, 1841; German edition, Halle, Ramban, Numbers 32:28).

947 Book of Deuteronomy | Chapter 1 | Devarim

Ashtarot,B in batt le8 at Edre’i.B Alternatively, the conclusion of the verse may be rendered: Who dwelled in Ashtarot and Edre’i, as both were cities in Og’s kingdom.9 Yet another possi- bility is that Ashtarot is not a place-name, but it means strength and sharp cliff s, and it describes the tall, harsh mountains of Edre’i.10 Although Moses did not bring the people into the Land of Israel, he prepared the way by defeating two powerful kings. He mentions these victories in order to solidify the na- tion’s confi dence toward their next step of entering the land; 5 beyond the Jordan, in the land of Moav, Moses began [ho’il]11 expounding this Torah, saying. Others explain that ho’il means wanted, that Moses sought to expound the law of the Torah:12 6 Th e Lord our God spoke to us when we were at Horev, say- ing: Enough of your living at this mountain, where you re- ceived the Torah; 7 turn from Horev, and set you out, and come to the highlands of the Emorites and all their neighbors, in the Arava, on the highlands, and on the plain, and in the south, and on the seashore; the land of the Canaanites, and the Lebanon, un- til the great river, the Euphrates River. “Stars of the heavens in abundance” 8 See, I have placed the land before you. Come and take pos- session of the land about which the Lord took an oath to your fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, to give it to fathers, shall add to you one thousand times as many peo- them and to their descendants aft er them. God commands ple as you are now, and that He will bless you, and fulfi ll His the people to depart upon a journey that will eventually lead to promises, as He spoke to, about, you. their entry into the Land of Israel. 12 Nevertheless, as you are so numerous, how shall I bear alone 9 I spoke to youD at that time, saying: I am unable to bear you your troubles that require resolutions, your personal bur- alone. dens with which each of you troubles me, and your internal 10 Th e burden was too heavy for me because the Lord your God quarrels? has multiplied you, and behold, you are today as the stars of 13 Get for you, choose, men, wise, and understanding, and the heavens in abundance. who are not strangers or loners but who are well known to 11 Aft er mentioning the great size of the people, Moses stresses your tribes and have good reputations, and I will place them Second that he is not complaining about the growth of the nation; on at your head. I presented you with a suggestion that was basi- aliya the contrary, he says: It is my wish that the Lord, God of your cally the one initially proposed by Yitro.

BACKGROUND DISCUSSION 1:4 | Ashtarot: Also known as Ashterot Edre’i: Daraa, a provincial city and an 1:9 | I spoke to you: The Torah stated earlier that the appoint- Karnayim, this was a city in the inher- important crossroads in the south of the ment of judges was a result of Yitro’s suggestion (Exodus 18:13– itance of Manasseh in Bashan, which Bashan in southern Syria. Archaeological 26), but that episode is not mentioned here. Moses certainly was given to the Levites. It is also called finds have been unearthed there dating understood how hard it was to function as the sole judge of Be’eshtera, which is perhaps a short- back to the third century BCE, and it is such a large community, and he was familiar with organized ened form of Beit Ashterot, the House mentioned in ancient Egyptian hiero- governmental systems. Consequently, Yitro’s advice should of Ashterot (Joshua 21:27). This city glyphic tablets. Edre’i was included in the not be seen as the sole catalyst for change, but rather as en- controlled the main road of Bashan. It inheritance of half the tribe of Manasseh. couragement to Moses to act quickly. When Moses mentions was the capital city of the province of According to historical testimonies, Jews this event in his speech, in which he generally presents his own Karnayim, and as this verse mentions, it lived there in the Second Temple period, perspective, he emphasizes the difficulties he experienced, as was the home of Og, king of Bashan. It is in the periods of the Mishna and the well as the selection of the judges and their appointment, but identified with Al-Shaykh Saad, in Syria. Talmud, and in the Middle Ages. he does not find it necessary to mention the private advice he had previously received from his father-in-law.

948 ספר דברים | פרק א | דברים

ה ׁ ֵ יוֹש֥ב בּﬠַשׁ תָּר֖ ֹת בּאֶדרֶ ֽﬠִ י׃ בּﬠֵ ֥בֶ ר הַ יַּר דֵּ ֖ ן בּאֶ ֣רֶ ץ ָ מוֹא֑ב ִ֣הוֹאיל מֹשׁ ֶ֔ ה בֵּאֵ ֛ר אֶ ת־ ו הַתּ ָ ֥ וֹרה הַ זֹּ֖את לֵ ֽ אמֹר׃ ֧ יהוה אֱ לֹהֵ ֛ ּינו דִּ בֶּ ֥ר אֵלֵ ֖ ּינו בּ חֹרֵ ֣ ב לֵ ֑ אמֹר רַ ב־לָכֶ ֥ם שׁ ֶ ֖בֶ ת ז בָּהָ ֥ר הַ זֶּ ֽה׃ ּפנ֣ וּ ׀ וּסﬠ֣ וּ לָכֶ֗ ם וּב֨ ֹ ּאו הַ ֥ר הָ ֽאֱ מֹרִ י֘ ואֶ ּלכ ׁ  לשכֵנָ ֒יו בָּ ֽﬠֲרָ בָ ֥ה בָהָ ֛ר וּבַשּׁפֵלָ ֥ה וּבַ נֶּ ֖גֶ ב וּבח֣ וֹף הַ יָּ ֑ם אֶ ֤רֶ ץ הַ ֽכּנַ ֽﬠֲנִי והַ ּלבָנ֔ וֹן ﬠַ ַ ד־הנָּהָ ֥ר הַ גָּד֖ ֹל נהַ ּר־פרָ ֽ ת׃ ח ר אֵ ֛ה נָתַ ֥תִּ י לִפנֵ ֶ יכ֖ם אֶ ת־הָאָ ֑רֶ ץ בּ֚ ֹ ּאו וּרשׁ ֣ וּ אֶ תהָאָ֔רֶ ץ אֲשׁ ֶ ֣ר נִשׁ בַּ ֣ע י הו֠ה לַ ֽאֲב֨ ֹתֵ ֶ֜ יכם ט לאַברָ הָ֨ ם ל יִצחָ ֤ק וּֽל יַ ֽﬠֲ קֹב לָתֵ ֣ ת לָהֶ֔ ם וּל זַר ﬠָ ֖ם אַ ֽחֲרֵ ֶ ֽיהם׃ וָ ֽאֹמַ ֣ר אֲלֵכֶ֔ ם בָּﬠֵ ֥ת י הַהִ֖ וא לֵ ֑ אמֹר לֽ ֹא־אוּכַ ֥ל לבַדִּ֖ י שׂאֵ ֥ת אֶת כֶ ֽם׃ ֥ יהוה אֱלֽ ֹהֵ ֶ יכ֖ם הִר בָּ ֣ה אֶת כֶ ֑ם והִ נּכֶ ֣ם יא הַ יּ֔וֹם כּכֽ וֹכבֵ ֥י הַשָּׁמַ ֖יִם לָרֽ ֹב׃ יהו֞ה אֱ לֹהֵ ֣י אֲבֽ ֵ וֹתכֶ֗ ם יֹסֵ ֧ף ﬠֲֵ ֶ יכ֛ם כָּכֶ ֖ם אֶ ֶ֣ ף ּפﬠָמִ֑ ים שני יב וִֽיבָרֵ ֣ך אֶת כֶ֔ ם כַּ ֽאֲשׁ ֶ ֖ר דִּ בֶּ ֥ר לָכֶ ֽם׃ אֵ ָ יכ֥ה אֶ ָּ שׂ֖א לבַדִּ֑ י טר חֲ כֶ ֥ם וּמַ ַּ ֽשֽׂאֲ כֶ ֖ם ורִֽ יבכֶ ֽם׃ יג הָב֣ וּ לָ כֶ֠ ם אֲ נָשׁ ִ֨ ים חֲ כָמִ ֧ים וּנ בֹנִ֛ים וִֽ ֻ ידﬠִ֖ים לשׁ ִבטֵ ֶ יכ֑ם וַ ֽאֲ שִׂ ֵ ימ֖ם בּרָ ֽ ׁ ֵאש ֶ ֽיכם׃

רש״י

קָ ׁ ֶ שה. עַ ל ַחַ  ַּ כ ָּ מה וְכַ ָּ מה ׁשֶהַ ֶּ מלֶךְ קָ ׁ ֶ שה וְהַ ּמְדִ יָ וּלְיַעֲ קֹב"? ֶ ּלָא ַבְרָהָ ם ּכְדַ י לְעַצְמוֹ, יִצְחָ ק ּכְדַ י לְעַצְמוֹ, יב ׀ אֵ ָ יכה אֶ ּ ָׂ שא לְבַדִּ י. ִ ם ֹמַ ר לְקַ ֵ ּבל שָׂכָ ר, לֹא ַ וּכל, זוֹ קָ ׁ ָ שה: אֲשׁ ֶ ר יוֹשׁ ֵ ב בְּﬠַשׁ ְתָּ רֹת. הַ ֶּ מלֶךְ קָ ׁ ֶ שה וְהַ ּמְדִ יָ קָ ׁ ָ שה: יַעֲ קֹב ּכְדַ י לְעַצְ מוֹ: הִ י ׁשֶאָמַרְ ִּ י לָכֶ ם: לֹא מֵעַצְמִ י ֲִי וֹמֵ ר לָכֶ ם ֶ ּלָא מִ ִּ פי ﬠַשׁ ְתָּ רֹת. הוּא לְ ׁשוֹן ִצוּקין ִׁ וְקֹשי, ְּכמוֹ: " ַﬠׁ ְ ש ְּ תרֹ קַ רְַיִם" הַ ָּק ׁדוֹש ָּב ְרוּך הוּא: טָרְ חֲכֶ ם. מְ ֵּ לַמד ׁשֶהָ יוּ יִשְׂרֵָ ל טַ רְחִָין, ט ׀ וָאֹמַ ר אֲלֵכֶ ם בָּﬠֵ ת הַהִ וא לֵ אמֹר. מַ הוּ ֵ׳ל ֹאמר׳? ָמַ ר (ברשי יד, ה), וְ' ַﬠׁ ְ ש ָּ תרֹ' זֶה הוּא ַﬠׁ ְ ש ְּ תרֹ קַ רְַיִם ׁשֶהָ יוּ הָ יָה ֶחָ ד מֵהֶ ם ֶ רוֹאה ֶ ת ּבַעַ ל ִּדינוֹ נוֹצֵח ַ ּב ִּדין, וֹמֵ ר: לֶָ ם ֶׁ מֹשה: לֹא מֵעַצְמִ י ֲִי וֹמֵ ר לָכֶ ם ֶ ּלָא מִ ִּ פי הַ ָּק ׁדוֹש ׁ ָ שם רְפָאִ ים ׁשֶהִ ָּ כ ַמְרָפֶ ל, ׁ ֶ ש ֶּאֱמַ ר: "וַיַּ ּכוּ ֶ ת רְפָאִ ים ׁיֵש לִי עֵדִ ים לְָבִ י, ׁיֵש לִי רְָ יוֹת לְָבִ י, ִמוֹסיף ֲִי ָּב ְרוּך הוּא: לֹא אוּכַ ל לְבַדִּ י וְ גוֹ׳. ֶפְ ׁ ָ שר ׁ ֶ ש ּלֹא הָ יָה ֶׁ מֹשה ְ ּב ַﬠׁ ְ ש ְּ תרֹ קַ רְַיִם" (שם), וְעוֹג ִמְ לַט מֵהֶ ם, וְהוּא ׁ ֶ ש ֶּאֱמַ ר: עֲלֵיכֶ ם ַ ּדיּִָין: וּמַ ּשַׂאֲ כֶ ם. מְ ֵּ לַמד ׁשֶהָ יוּ ֶ ִּפיקוֹרְסִ ין. הִקְ ִּדים יָ כוֹל לָ דוּן ֶ ת יִשְׂרֵָ ל? ָדָ ם ׁ ֶש ִהוֹצ ָ ים מִ ּמִצְרַ יִם, וְקָ רַ ע "וַיָּבֹא הַ ָּ פלִיט" (שם פסוק יג), וְ ֵ אוֹמר: " ִּ כי רַ ק עוֹג מֶ לֶךְ ֶׁ מֹשה לָצֵא ,ָמְ רוּ: מָ ה רָָ ה ֶ ּבן עַמְרָ ם לָצֵאת? ׁ ֶ ש ָּ מא לֶָ ם ֶ ת הַ יָּם, וְ ִהוֹריד ֶ ת הַ ָּ מן, וְהֵ גִיז ֶ ת הַ ְּׂ שלָ ו, לֹא הָ יָה הַ ָ ּבׁ ָ שן ִ ׁשְאַ ר מִ יּֶֶ ר הָרְפָאִ ים" (ללן ג, י): בְּאֶדְרֶ ﬠִ י. ׁ ֵ שם אֵ ינוֹ ׁ ָ שפוּי ְּב ְתוֹך ֵ ּביוֹ. ֵחַ ר לָצֵא ,ָמְ רוּ: מָ ה רָָ ה ֶ ּבן יָ כוֹל לְ ָדוּנם? ֶ ּלָא ּכָךְ ָמַ ר לֶָ ם: "ה׳ ֱ לֵֹיכֶ ם הִרְ ָ ּבה הַ ַּ מלְכוּ: עַמְרָ ם ׁ ֶ ש ּלֹא לָצֵאת? מָ ה  ֶּ ַם סְ ִבוּרים, ׁ ֵ יוֹשב וְ ֵ יוֹעץ עֲלֵיכֶ ם אְֶכֶ ם" (ללן פסוק י) — הִ ִּגְדיל וְהֵרִ ים ֶְכֶ ם עַ ל ַ ּדיּֵָיכֶ ם, עֵ וֹת רָ עוֹת וְ ׁ ֵ חוֹשב עֲלֵיכֶ ם מַחֲ ׁ ָ שבוֹ: וְרִ יבְכֶ ם. מְ ֵּ לַמד ׁשֶהָ יוּ ה ׀ ִהוֹאיל. הְִחִ יל, ְּכמוֹ: "הִ  ֵָּא ַ הוֹא ִּ לְתי" (ברשי יח, ָנטַ ל ֶ ת הָ עֶֹ ׁש מִ ֶּ כם וּְתָ וֹ עַ ל הַ ַ ּדיּִָים. וְכֵ ן ָמַ ר ׁ ְ שלֹמֹה: רוֹגְִים: כז): בֵּאֵ ר אֶ ת הַתּ ָ וֹרה. ְ ּבׁשִבְעִ ים לָ ׁשוֹן ּפֵרְ ׁ ָ ש ּה לֶָ ם: " ִּ כי מִ י ַ יוּכל לִ ׁ ְ ש ּפֹט ֶ ת עַ ְּ מךָ הַ ּכָבֵ ד הַ זֶּה" (מלכים ׳ ג, ט), ֶפְ ׁ ָ שר מִ י ׁ ֶ ש ָּכתוּב ּבוֹ: "וַיֶּחְ ַּ כם מִ ָּ כל הָאָדָ ם" (שם ה, יג ׀ הָ ּבו לָכֶ ם. הַ זְמִ ינוּ עַצְמְכֶ ם לַ ּדָבָ ר: אֲ נָשׁ ִ ים. וְכִ י ו ׀ רַב לָכֶ ם שׁ ֶבֶ ת. ּכִפְ ׁשוּטוֹ. ׁוְיֵש מִדְרַ ׁש ַ ּגָדָ ה: הַרְ ֵ ּבה ּגְדֻ ּלָ י (וֹמֵ ר: "מִ י ַ יוּכל לִ ׁ ְ ש ּפֹט"? ֶ ּלָא ּכָךְ ָמַ ר ׁ ְ שלֹמֹה: ֵ ין ַעֲלֶ עַ ל ּדַעְ ְּ ךָ ָ ׁ ִשים? מַ ה ַּ לְמוּד ַ לוֹמר: ֲָ ׁ ִשים? לָכֶ ם וְשָׂכָ ר עַ ל ׁ ִיְשיבְַכֶ ם ּבָהָ ר הַ זֶּה, ֲﬠשִׂ ֶ ים מִ ׁ ְ ש ָּ כן מְ ָ וֹרה ַ ּדיּֵָי ֻ ָּ מה זוֹ ּכְדַ יּֵָי ׁשְאָ ר הָאֻ ּמוֹ, ׁשֶאִ ם ָ ּדן וְ ֵ הוֹרג ַ וּמ ֶּ כ ִּצַד ִיקים, חֲכָמִ ים, ְּכ ִסוּפים: ְוּנבִֹים. מְבִ ִיים ּדָבָ ר מִ ּת ְוֹך וְכֵלִ ים, קִ ּבַלְ ֶּ ם ּ ָ וֹרה, מִ ִּ ֶ ים לָכֶ ם סְֶַדְרִ ין שָׂרֵ י ֲ לָפִ ים וְחוֹֵק ַ וּמ ֶּ טה ֶ ת ִּדינוֹ וְגוֹזֵל ֵ ין ּבְכָךְ ְּכלוּם, ֲִי ִ ם חִ יַּבְ ִּ תי ּדָבָ ר. זֶהוּ ׁ ֶ שּׁשָאַ ל ַרְ יוֹס ֶ ת רַ ִ ּבי ֵ יוֹסי: מַ ה ֵּבין חֲכָמִ ים וְשָׂרֵ י מֵ אוֹ: מָ מוֹן ׁ ֶ ש ּלֹא ַּ כ ִּדין, ְפָ ׁשוֹת ֲִי ִְ ָ ּבע, ׁ ֶ ש ֶּאֱמַ ר: "וְקָבַ ע ֶ ת לְִ ִבוֹים? חָ כָ ם ּד ֶ וֹמה לְ ׁ ֻ שלְחִָי ָﬠׁ ִשיר, ְּ כׁ ֶ ש ּמְבִ ִיין לוֹ ז ׀ ְּפ ּנו וּסְ ּעו לָכֶ ם. זוֹ ּדֶרֶךְ עֲרָ ד וְחָרְמָ ה: וּבֹאוּ הַ ר הָאֱ מֹרִ י. קֹבְעֵ ֶ יהם ָפֶ ׁש" (משלי כב, כג): ִּדיָרִ ין לִרְ וֹת ֶ רוֹאה, ְ וּכׁשֶאֵ ין מְבִ ִיין לוֹ ׁ ֵ יוֹשב וְ ֵ תוֹהא. ּכְמַ ׁשְמָ עוֹ: וְאֶ ל כָּ ל שׁ ְכֵנָיו. עַ ּמוֹן ָ וּמוֹאב וְהַ ר שֵׂעִ יר: בָּﬠֲרָ בָ ה. ָנבוֹן ּד ֶ וֹמה לְ ׁ ֻ שלְחִָי ַּ  ּגָר, ְּ כׁ ֶ ש ּמְבִ ִיין לוֹ מָ עוֹת לִרְ וֹת י ׀ וְהִ נְּכֶ ם הַ יּוֹם כְּ כוֹכְבֵ י הַ ׁ ּשָמַ יִם. וְכִ י ְּככוֹכְבֵ י הַ ּׁשָמַ יִם זֶה מִ ׁישוֹר ׁ ֶ של יַעַ ר: בָּהָ ר. זֶה הַ ר הַ ֶּ מלֶךְ : וּבַ ׁ ּשְפֵלָ ה. זוֹ ֶ רוֹאה, ְ וּכׁשֶאֵ ין מְבִ ִיין לוֹ הוּא מְחַ זֵּר וּמֵבִ י מִ ֶּׁ ש ּלוֹ: וִ ֻ ידﬠִ ים הָ יוּ ְ ּבאוֹתוֹ הַ יּוֹם? וַהֲ לֹא לֹא הָ יוּ ֶ ּלָא ׁ ִ שִּׁשים רִ ּבוֹא, מַ הוּ ׁשְפֵ לַת ָּדרוֹם: וּבַ נֶּגֶ ב וּבְ חוֹף הַ יָּם. ַ ׁשְקְ לוֹן וְעַ זָּה וְקֵסָרִ י וְכוּ׳, לְשׁ ִבְטֵ ֶ יכם. ׁשֶהֵ ם ִּכָרִ ים לָכֶ ם, ׁשֶאִ ם ָ ּבא לְפַָי מְעֻ ָּ טף "וְהִ ְּכֶ ם הַ יּוֹם"? הִ ְּכֶ ם מְ ׁש ִוּלים ַּכיּוֹם, קַ יָּמִ ים לְ ָ עוֹלם ּכִדְִ ָ יא ּבְסִפְרֵ י (ו): ﬠַ ד הַ נָּהָ ר הַ גָּ דֹל. מִ ּפְֵי ׁ ֶ ש ּ ָּ ִזְכר עִ ם ּבְטַ ּלִיוֹ ֵ יִי יוֹדֵע מִ י הוּא וּמֵאֵ יזֶה ׁשֵבֶ ט הוּא וְאִ ם הָ גוּן ּכַחַ ָּ מה וְכַ ּלְבָָ וְכַ ּכוֹכָבִ ים: אֶרֶ ץ יִשְׂרֵָ ל ֵ קוֹרהוּ ּגָדוֹל, מְ ׁ ַ של הֶדְ יוֹט וֹמֵ ר: עֶבֶ ד מֶ לֶךְ הוּא, ֲבָ ל  ֶּ ַם מַ ִּכ ִירין ּבוֹ, ׁשֶאַ ֶּ ם ּג ִּדַלְ ֶּ ם וֹתוֹ, לְכָךְ מֶ לֶךְ , הִ ּדָבֵ ק לְ ׁשַחְ וָר ׁ ְ וְיִש ַּחֲ ווּ לְךָ , קְרַ ב ֵ ּלְגַבי ּדְהִ יָא וְאִ ּדְהַ ן: יא ׀ יֹסֵ ף ﬠֲלֵ ֶ יכם כָּכֶ ם אֶלֶ ף ּפְﬠָמִ ים. מַ הוּ ׁשוּב "וִיבָרֵךְ ֶאֱמַ ר: "וִידֻעִ ים לְ ׁשִבְטֵיכֶ ם": בְּרָ ׁ ֵאש ֶ יכם. רָ ׁ ִשים וּמְכֻ ּבָדִ ים אְֶכֶ ם ּכַאֲ ׁ ֶ שר ִ ּד ֶ ּבר לָכֶ ם"? ֶ ּלָא ָמְ רוּ לוֹ: ֶׁ מֹשה, ַ ָּ תה עֲלֵ ֶ יכם, ׁ ֶ ש ִּהְ יוּ ֲ נוֹהגִין ּבָהֶ ם ָּכבוֹד וְיִרְָ ה: וַאֲ שִׂ ֵ ימם. ח ׀ רְאֵ ה נָתַתִּ י. ּבְעֵ יֵיכֶ ם  ֶּ ַם ִרוֹאים, ֵ יִי וֹמֵ ר לָכֶ ם נוֹֵ ן קִצְבָ ה לְבִרְ ֵכוֹתינוּ, ּכְבָ ר הִבְטִ יח הַ ָּק ׁדוֹש ָּב ְרוּך הוּא חָסֵ ר יוּ״ד, לִ ֵּ מד ׁשֶאַ ׁ ְש ֵמוֹת ֶ יהם ׁ ֶ של יִשְׂרֵָ ל ְּלוּיוֹת מֵ אֹמֶ ד ִ וּמְּׁש ָ מוּע: בּ ֹאוּ וּרְשׁ וּ. ֵ ין מְעַרְעֵ ר ַ ּב ּדָבָ ר וְאֵ יְכֶ ם אֶ ת ַבְרָהָ ם: "ֲ ׁ ֶ שר ִ ם ַ יוּכל ִ ׁיש לִמְ וֹת״ וְגוֹ׳ (ברשי ּבְרָ ׁ ֵ שי ַ ּדיּֵָ ֶ יהם, ׁשֶהָ יָה לֶָ ם לִמְ חוֹת וּלְכַ וֵּן וֹָ ם ּלַדֶרֶךְ צְרִיכִ ים לְמִ לְחָמָ ה, ִ ּלוּ לֹא ׁ ָ שלְחוּ מְרַ ּגְלִ ים לֹא הָ יוּ צְרִיכִ ים יג, טז). ָמַ ר לֶָ ם: זוֹ מִ ֶּׁ ש ּלִי הִ י ,ֲבָ ל הוּא "יְבָרֵךְ ֶְכֶ ם הַ ׁיְשָרָ ה: לִכְלֵי זַיִן: לַאֲ בֹתֵ ֶ יכם. ָּ לָמה הִ ִּזְכיר ׁשוּב "לְאַבְרָהָ ם לְיִצְחָ ק ּכַאֲ ׁ ֶ שר ִ ּד ֶ ּבר לָכֶ ם":

949 Book of Deuteronomy | Chapter 1 | Devarim

14 You answered me and said: Th e matt er is good that you a betrayal of His agency.13 And the matt er that is too diffi cult have spoken to do. for you, you shall bring near to me, and I will hear it, and 15 With your consent, and based on your personal testimony, I att empt to fi nd a solution. took the heads of your tribes, men wise and known, and I 18 I commanded you at that time all the matt ers that you placed them as heads over you. Th ese men were appointed shall do. leaders of thousands, and leaders of hundreds, and leaders 19 We traveled from Horev, and we went through the entire of fi ft ies, and leaders of tens, and offi cers for your tribes. great and awesome wilderness that you saw, via the Emorite 16 I commanded your judges at that time, saying: Hear the ar- highlands, as the Lord our God had commanded us, and we guments between your brethren and att empt to understand came to Kadesh Barnea. the wishes of each side, and judge righteousness between 20 I said to you: You have come to the Emorite highlands, man and his brother, and a stranger to him, including those which the Lord our God is giving us. who have no family relatives. 21 You can see, from your experiences to this point,14 that the 17 You shall not give preference to either side in judgment; Lord your God has placed the land before you; ascend, take small and great alike you shall hear equally, to safeguard possession, as the Lord, God of your fathers, spoke to you; justice and honesty. You shall not fear speaking your mind do not fear, and do not be frightened and lose the will to or remaining silent due to any man, as judgment is God’s. fi ght. Go forth to batt le, as you will be victorious. No personal considerations may enter the judge’s decision 22 When I informed you that you would soon be entering the making, as his task is to relay God’s judgment to the litigants. Third land, you all approached me and said: Let us send menD Consequently, any perversion of justice is a sin against God and aliya before us, and they will spy the land for us, and they will

DISCUSSION 1:22 | Let us send men: This verse apparently then attests: “I took the heads of your tribes, different. Moses’ father-in-law, Yitro, visits, and contradicts the account in Numbers, where it men wise and known, and I placed them heads he sees Moses sitting and judging the people is stated that God commanded Moses to send over you, leaders of thousands, and leaders of and observes: “The people stood over Moses spies (Numbers 13:1–2). It is best to consider hundreds, and leaders of fifties, and leaders of from the morning until the evening” (18:13). He these versions as two complementary accounts. tens, and officers for your tribes” (1:15). comments: “It is not a good thing that you are One explanation is that the nation initially ap- Indeed we find, in the book of Numbers, in doing” (18:17). Yitro counsels Moses: “You shall proached Moses and requested to send spies. response to the breakdown of the children of identify from all the people capable men, fearers Moses accepted their proposal and added that Israel that began with their talk that was “evil in of God, men of truth, haters of ill-gotten gain; there should be one representative for each the ears of the Lord” (11:1), followed by the mob set over them leaders of thousands, leaders of tribe, to render it an official delegation of sorts. that “expressed a craving” (11:4) and complained hundreds, leaders of fifties, and leaders of tens” Finally, God instructed them on how to carry out about the manna (11:6), culminating in Moses (18:21). The Torah relates: “Moses heeded the the mission properly (Ramban, Numbers 13:2). hearing the “people weeping…each man at the voice of his father-in-law and did everything that he said” (18:24). Appointment of Judges and Leaders: In re- entrance of his tent” (11:10),” Moses said: “Why have You mistreated Your servant and why have Here, in the book of Deuteronomy, Moses counting the commandment to appoint leaders omits any mention of Yitro. He reprises the de- of thousands, hundreds, fifties, and tens along I not found favor in Your eyes, to place the bur- den of this entire people upon Me?” (11:11). spair that he expressed in the book of Numbers with the commandments directed toward the and the solution that he adopted in Exodus. He judges, Moses encapsulates several earlier ep- God answered Moses: “Gather to Me seventy men of the elders of Israel, whom you know to continues with an allusion to the solution that isodes into one seamless narrative. First he de- God provided in Deuteronomy, instructions to scribes the impetus for the appointment of the be elders of the people, and its officers…. They shall bear with you the burden of the people, judges: “Hear between your brethren and judge various echelons of leadership: “I spoke to you at righteousness between man and his brother, that time, saying: I am unable to bear you alone” and you shall not bear alone” (11:16–17). This is the Torah source for the Great Sanhedrin, the and a stranger to him. You shall not give pref- (1:9) and “How shall I bear alone your troubles, erence in judgment; small and great alike you your burdens, and your quarrels” (1:12)? In re- court of seventy-one judges, the highest tribu- nal in Judaism. shall hear. You shall not fear due to any man, as sponse, God commands: “Get for you men, wise, judgment is God’s” (1:16–17). and understanding, and known to your tribes, In the book of Exodus, the impetus for the and I will place them at your head” (1:13). Moses appointment of the leadership configuration is

950 ספר דברים | פרק א | דברים

יד טו וַ ֽתַּ ֽﬠֲ נ֖ וּ אֹתִ֑ י וַתּ֣ ֹאמר֔ וּ ַ טוֹב־הדָּ בָ ֥ר אֲשׁ ֶ ִּ ר־דבַּ ֖רתָּ לַ ֽﬠֲשֽׂ וֹת׃ וָ ֽאֶקַּ֞ ח אֶ ָת־ר ׁ ֵ אש֣י שׁ ִבטֵ ֶ֗ יכם אֲ נָשׁ ִ ֤ים חֲ כָמִ ים וִֽ ֻ ידﬠִ֔ ים וָ ֽאֶתֵּ ֥ ן ָ ֛ אוֹתם רָ ׁ ִ֖אשים ﬠֲלֵ ֶ יכ֑ם שָׂרֵ ֨ י אֲלָפִ֜ ים ושָׂרֵ ֣ י טז מֵא֗ וֹת ושָׂרֵ ֤י חֲמִשִּׁ ים ושָׂרֵ ֣ י ﬠֲשָׂר֔ ֹת ושׁ ֽ ֹטרִ֖ ים לשׁ ִבטֵ ֶ ֽיכם׃ וָ ֽאֲ צַ וֶּ ה אֶ ׁ ֣ ת־שֹפטֵ ֶ֔ יכם בָּﬠֵ ֥ת הַהִ֖ וא לֵ ֑ אמֹר שׁ ָמ֤ ֹﬠ בֵּ ין־אֲחֵ ֶ יכם וּשׁ פַטתֶּ ֣ ם צֶ֔דֶ ק בֵּ ין ִ֥־א ׁיש וּבֵ ין־אָחִ֖ יו וּבֵ ֥ין יז גֵּרֽ וֹ׃ ֽ ֹ ַ אתכִּ֨ ּירו פָנִ֜ים בַּמִּשׁ  ָּ֗ פט כַּקָּט֤ ֹן כַּ גָּ דֹל תִּשׁ מָע֔ וּן ל֤ ֹא תָ ג֙ וּ ּרו מִ ּפנֵ ִ֔ יא ׁיש כִּ֥י יח הַמִּשׁ  ָּ פ֖ט לֵ ֽאלֹהִ֣ ים ה֑ וּא והַדָּ בָ ר אֲשׁ ֶ ֣ר יִקשׁ ֶ ֣ה מִ כֶּ֔ ם תַּקרִ ב֥ וּן אֵלַ ֖י וּשׁ מַﬠתִּֽ יו׃ וָ ֽאֲ צַ וֶּ ֥ה יט אֶת כֶ ֖ם בָּﬠֵ ֣ת הַהִ֑וא אֵ ֥ת כּ ַ ל־הדּ בָרִ֖ ים אֲשׁ ֶ ֥ר תַּ ֽﬠֲשֽׂ וּן׃ וַנִּסַּ ֣ע מֵ ֽחֹרֵ ֗ ב וַנֵּ֡לֶך אֵ ֣ת כּ ל הַמִּד בָּ ֣ר הַ גָּ דוֹל והַ נּ ָ ֨ וֹרא הַה֜ וּא אֲשׁ ֶ ֣ר ר אִ ֶ֗ יתם דֶּ֚ רֶ ך הַ ֣ר הָ ֽאֱ מֹרִ ֔ י כַּ ֽאֲשׁ ֶ ֥ר כ צִ וָּ ֛ה ֥ יהוה אֱ לֹהֵ ֖ ּינו אֹתָ ֑ ּנו וַנָּב֕ ֹא ﬠַ ֖ד קָדֵ ֥שׁ בַּר נֵ ֽﬠ ׃ וָ ֽאֹמַ ֖ר אֲלֵכֶ ֑ם בָּ ֶ אתם ﬠַ ַ ד־ה֣ר כא הָ ֽאֱ מֹרִ ֔ י אֲשׁ ֶ ֥ ר־יהוה אֱ לֹהֵ ֖ ּינו נֹתֵ ֥ ן לָ ֽנוּ׃ ר אֵ֠ ה נָתַ֨ ן ֧ יהוה אֱ לֹהֶ ֛ ָיך לפָנֶ ֖ ָיך אֶ ת־הָאָ ֑רֶ ץ כב ﬠֲלֵ ֣ה רֵ ֗שׁ כַּ ֽאֲשׁ ֶ ר דִּ בֶּ֨ ר יהו֜ה אֱ לֹהֵ ֤י אֲ בֹתֶ֙ ָיך לָ֔ך אַ ִּל־ת ָ ֖ירא ואַ ֵּ ל־תחָ ֽת׃ וַתִּקר ב֣ וּן שלישי אֵ לַ י֮ כֻּ ּלכֶם֒ וַתּֽ ֹ  אמר֗ וּ נִשׁ  לחָ ֤ה אֲ נָשׁ ִ ים לפָ נֵ֔ ּינו ו יַחּ פ ּרו ָ ֖־ל ּנו אֶ ת־הָאָ ֑רֶ ץ

רש״י

יד ׀ וַתַּﬠֲ ּנו אֹתִ י וְ גוֹ׳. חֲ לַטְ ֶּ ם ֶ ת הַ ּדָבָ ר לֲַָאְַכֶ ם, הָ יָה וְנוֹְִים ּבוֹ: בָּﬠֵ ת הַהִ וא. מִ ֶּׁ ש ִּ מ ִּ ִיים ָמַרְ ִּ י לֶָ ם: ֵ ין אַ ָּ תה מַ זְקִ יקִֵי לְַחְ זִיר לוֹ, ִמְצָא ׁשֶהִ ֵּט ָי עָלַי הַ ִּ מׁ ְ ש ָּ פט: ָכֶ ם לְָ ׁ ִ שיב: רַ ֵּבוּ ֶׁ מֹשה, מִ ִּ מי ָאֶ ה ִלְ מֹד, מִ ְּ מךָ וֹ עַכְ ׁ ָשיו ּכִלְ ׁשֶעָבַ ר, לְ ׁשֶעָבַ ר הֱ יִ ֶ ים ּבִרְ ׁשוּת עַצְמְכֶ ם, עַכְ ׁ ָשיו תַּקְרִ בוּן אֵלַ י. עַ ל ּדָבָ ר זֶה ִנסְ ַּ  ּלֵק מִ ֶּ מ ּוּ מִ ׁ ְ ש ַּ פט ְּבוֹת מִ ַּ לְמִ ידְךָ ? לֹא מִ ְּ מךָ ׁ ֶ ש ִּצְטַעַרְ ָּ עָלֶ ָיה? ּ ֶָא יָדַעְ ִּ תי הֲרֵ י  ֶּ ַם מְ ׁשֻעְ ּבָדִ ים ִ ַּצ ּבוּר: שׁ ָ מֹﬠ . ְ ׁשוֹן הֹוֶה, ודנ״ט צְלָפְחָ ד. וְכֵ ן ׁ ְש ֵ מוּאל ָמַ ר לְ ׁ ָ שאוּל: "ָ נֹכִ י הָ רֶֹ ה" (שמואל מַחְ ׁ ְשבוֹתֵיכֶ ם, הֱ יִ ֶ ים וֹמְרִ ים: עַכְ ׁ ָשיו יְִמַ ּוּ עָלֵ ינוּ ַ ּדיּִָין ּבְַעַ ז, ְּכמוֹ ָ׳זכוֹר׳ וְ ׁ ָ׳שמוֹר׳: וּבֵ ין גֵּ רוֹ. זֶה ּבַעַ ל ִּדינוֹ ׁ ֶשאוֹגֵר א׳ ט, יט), ָמַ ר לוֹ הַ ָּק ׁדוֹש ָּב ְרוּך הוּא: חַ יֶּיךָ ׁשֶאֲִי מוֹדִיעֲ ךָ הַרְ ֵ ּבה, ִ ם ֵ ין מַ ִּכ ֵירנוּ, ָ נוּ מְבִ ִיין לוֹ ּדוֹרוֹן וְהוּא ֵׂ נוֹשא עָלָ יו ּדְבָרִ ים. ּדָבָ ר ַחֵ ר, "וּבֵ ין ֵּגרוֹ", ַ ף עַ ל עִסְקֵ י ִּד ָ ירה, ׁשֶאֵ ין ַ ָּ תה ֶ רוֹאה. וְאֵ ימָתַ י ִהוֹדיעוֹ? ְּ כׁ ֶ ש ָ ּבא לִמְ ׁשֹח ֶ ת לָ וּ ּפִָים: לַﬠֲשׂ וֹת. ִ ם הָ יִ ִ יי מְִעַ ּצֵל,  ֶּ ַם וֹמְרִ ים ֵּבין חֲ ֻ ַ ּקת ַחִ ים, ֲפִ ּלוּ ֵּבין ַּ ּ וּר לְכִ ַ יריִם: ָ ּדוִד: "וַיַּרְ  ֶ ת ֱ לִ ָ יב וַיֹּ ֶ מר ַךְ ֶגֶד ה׳ מְ ׁ ִשיחוֹ" (שמואל ֲﬠשֵׂ ה מְהֵרָ ה: א׳ טז, ו), ָמַ ר לוֹ הַ ָּק ׁדוֹש ָּב ְרוּך הוּא: וְלֹא ָמַרְ " :ָָּ נֹכִ י יז ׀ לֹא תַ כִּ ּירו פָנִים בַּמִּשׁ ְ ָּ פט. זֶה הַמְמֻ ֶּ לְ ׁ ִוֹשיב הַ ַ ּדיּִָים, הָ רֶֹ ה"? "ַ ל ַּ  ֵ ּבט ֶ ל מַרְֵ הוּ" (שם פסוק ז): טו ׀ וָאֶקַּ ח אֶ ת רָ ׁ ֵ אשי שׁ ִבְטֵ ֶ יכם. מְ ׁשַכְ ִּתים ּבִדְבָרִ ים: ׁ ֶ ש ּלֹא יֹ ַ מר: ִ ׁיש ְּ פלוֹִי ָאֶ ה וֹ ִ ּג ּבוֹר, ׁ ִוֹש ֶ יב ּוּ ַ ּדיָּן, ִ ׁיש אַ ׁשְרֵ ֶ יכם, עַ ל מִ י ָּב ֶ אם לִְְמַ ּוֹ, עַ ל ּבְֵי ַבְרָהָ ם ְּ פלוֹִי קְ ִ רוֹבי, ׁ ִוֹש ֶ יב ּוּ ַ ּדיָּן ּבָעִ יר, וְהוּא ֵ ינוֹ ּבָקִ י ּבְדִ ִיין, יח ׀ אֵ ת כָּ ל הַדְּ בָרִ ים אֲשׁ ֶ ר תַּﬠֲשׂ וּן. ֵ ּלוּ ֲﬠשֶׂרֶ  הַ ּדְבָרִ ים יִצְחָ ק וְיַעֲ קֹב, עַ ל ּבְֵי ָדָ ם ׁ ֶ ש ִּקְרְ וּ ַחִ ים וְרֵעִ ים, חֵ ֶ ק ִמְצָא מְחַ יֵּב ֶ ת הַ ַּזַּכאי ְ וּמ ֶּ זַכ ֶ ת הַחַ יָּב, מַעֲ  ֶֲִי עַ ל ׁ ֶ ש ֵּבין ִּדיֵי מָ מוֹנוֹת ְדִ יֵי ְפָ ׁשוֹ: וְַחֲ לָ, וְכָ  לְ ׁשוֹן חִ ָ ּבה: אֲ נָשׁ ִ ים חֲ כָמִ ים וִ ֻ ידﬠִ ים. ֲבָ ל מִ י ׁ ֶ ש ִּ מ ָּוּ ּכְאִ ּוּ הִ ִּכיר ּפִָים ַ ּב ִּדין: כַּקָּ טֹן כַּ גָּ דֹל תִּשׁ ְמָ עוּן. יט ׀ הַמִּדְ בָּ ר הַ גָּ דוֹל וְהַ נּ ָ וֹרא. ׁשֶהָ יוּ ּבוֹ ְחָ ׁ ִשים ְּכקוֹרוֹת ְנ ִבוֹים ֹא מָצָ ִ אתי. זוֹ ַחַ  מִ ּׁשֶבַ ע מִ ּדוֹת ׁשֶאָמַ ר יְִ רוֹ ׁ ֶ שיְּהֵ א חָבִ יב עָלֶיךָ ִּדין ׁשל ְּפ ָ ֶרוּטה ּכְדִ ין ׁ ֶ של מֵאָ ה מֶָ, וְעַקְרַ ִּבים ּכִקְ ׁ ָ שתוֹ: לְ ֶׁ מֹשה, וְלֹא מָצָא ֶ ּלָא ׁ ָ שלֹׁש: ֲָ ׁ ִשים ִּצַד ִיקים, חֲכָמִ ים ׁשֶאִ ם קָדַ ם ָ וּבא לְפֶָיךָ ֹא ְּסַ ּלְקֶ ּנוּ ָאַחֲ רוֹָ. ּדָבָ ר ַחֵ ר, וִידֻעִ ים: רָ ׁ ִאשים ﬠֲֵ ֶ יכם. ׁ ֶ ש ְִֲּ גוּ בָהֶ ם ָּכבוֹד, רָ ׁ ִשים " ַּ כ ָ ּקטֹן ַּ כ ּגָדֹל ִּ ׁשְמָ עוּן", ּכְַ רְ ּגוּמוֹ, ׁ ֶ ש ֹּא ּ ֹ ַ אמר: זֶה עִָי כב ׀ וַתִּקְרְ בוּן אֵלַ י כֻּ ּלְכֶ ם. ּבְעִרְ ּב ְ וּבָי, וּלְַ ָּ לן הוּא וֹמֵ ר: ּבְמִ ָ ּקח, רָ ׁ ִשים ּבְמִמְ ָּ כר, רָ ׁ ִשים ּבְמַ ָּׂ שא ַ וּמ ָּ ן, ִכְ ָנס ַחֲ רוֹן הוּא וַחֲבֵ רוֹ ָﬠׁ ִשיר וּמְצֻ ֶוּה ְפַרְ ְנסוֹ, ֲ ֶּ זַכ ֶ ת הֶעִָי וְִמְצָא " ּוִַקְרְ בוּן ֵ לַי ָּ כ רָ ׁ ֵ שי ׁשִבְטֵ ֶ יכם וְזִקְֵ ֶ יכם, ּ ֹוַת ְאמרוּ וְיוֹצֵא רִ ׁשוֹן: שָׂרֵ י אֲלָפִ ים. ֶחָ ד מְמֻ ֶּ עַ ל  ֶֶ ף: שָׂרֵ י מְִ ּפַרְ ֵנס ּבְִקִ יּוּ. ּדָבָ ר ַחֵ ר, ׁ ֶ ש ֹּא ּ ֹ ַ אמר: הֵ ַ יךְ ֲִי הֵ ן הֶרְָ נוּ״ וְגוֹ׳ (ללן ה, כ-כא), ָ וֹת ּה קְרִ ָ יבה הָ יְָ ה מֵ אוֹת. ֶחָ ד מְמֻ ֶּ עַ ל מֵאָ ה: וְשׁ ֹטְרִ ים. מִ ִּ ִ יי עֲלֵ ֶ יכם ּפ ֵ וֹגם ּבִכְ בוֹדוֹ ׁ ֶ של ָﬠׁ ִשיר זֶה ִ ּבׁשְבִ יל ִּדיָר, ֲ ֶּ זַכ ּנוּ עַכְ ׁ ָשיו, הוֹג ֶֶ, יְלָדִ ים מְכַ ּבְדִ ים ֶ ת הַ זְּקִֵים ׁ ְ וּשלָחוּם לִפְֵ ֶ יהם, "ְ ׁשִבְטֵיכֶ ם", ֵ ּלוּ הַ ּכוֹפְתִ ין וְהַ ַּ מ ִּכין ּבִרְ ָ צוּע עַ ל ִּ פי הַ ַ ּדיּִָין: ְ וּכׁ ֶ שיֵּצֵא לַ חוּץ, ֹמַ ר לוֹ: ֵּ ן לוֹ, ׁשֶאַ ָּ תה חַ יָּב לוֹ: לֹא תָ ּגו ּרו וּזְקִֵים מְכַ ּבְדִ ים ֶ ת הָרָ ׁ ִשים ָלֶכֶ ת לִפְֵ ֶ יהם, ֲבָ ל ָּכאן: מִ ּפְנֵי אִישׁ . לֹא ִּ ְירוּ. ּדָבָ ר ַחֵ ר, "לֹא ָ גוּרוּ", לֹא ַּכְִיס " ּוִַקְרְ בוּן ֵ לַי ֻּ כ ּלְכֶ ם", ּבְעִרְ ּב ְ וּבָי, יְָדִ ים ּדוֹחֲפִ ין ֶ ת טז ׀ וָאֲ צַ וֶּ ה אֶ ת שׁ ֹפְטֵ ֶ יכם. ָמַרְ ִּ י לֶָ ם: הֱ ווּ מְ ִתוּים ַ ּב ִּדין, ּדְבָרֶ ָיך מִ ּפְֵי ִ ׁיש, לְ ׁשוֹן: "ֹגֵר ַ ּב ַ ּקיִץ" (משלי י, ה): כִּ י הַ זְּקִֵים וּזְקִֵים ּדוֹחֲפִ ין ֶ ת הָרָ ׁ ִשים: וְיָשׁ ִ ּבו אֹתָ ּנו דָּ בָ ר. אִ ם ָ ּבא ִּדין לְפֶָ ָיך ּפַעַ ם ַחַ  ׁ ְ וּש ַּ יִם ׁ ָ וְשלֹׁש, ַ ל ּ ֹ ַ אמר: הַמִּשׁ ְ ָּ פט לֵ אלֹהִ ים הוּא. מַ ה ּׁשֶאַ ָּ תה ֵ נוֹטל מִ זֶּה ׁ ֶ ש ּלֹא ַּ כ ִּדין ּבְאֵ יזֶה ָ ׁשוֹן הֵ ם מְדַ ּבְרִ ים: אֶ ת הַדֶּרֶ ךְ אֲשׁ ֶ ר נַﬠֲלֶ ה בָּהּ . ּכְבָ ר ָ ּבא ִּדין זֶה לְפַָי ּפְעָמִ ים הַרְ ֵ ּבה, ֶ ּלָא הֱ יוּ נוֹשְׂאִ ים

951 Book of Deuteronomy | Chapter 1 | Devarim

return word to us: Th e way that we will ascend, and the cit- we; cities great and fortifi ed to the heavens; and we have ies at which we will arrive. also seen the sons of the giants there. We cannot possibly 23 Th e matt er was good in my eyes; and I took from you twelve conquer the inhabitants of Canaan. men, one man for each tribe. 29 I said to you: Do not be intimidated and do not fear them. 24 Th ey, the men, turned and they ascended to the highlands, 30 Th e Lord your God who goes before you, He will make war and they came until the Eshkol Ravine, and spied it, the for you, like everything that He did for you in Egypt before land. your eyes. You saw in Egypt how God fought for you without 25 Th ey took in their hand from the fruit of the land and any eff ort on your part. He will continue to batt le on your be- brought it down to us; they brought back word to us, and half in the future as well. said: Th e land that the Lord our God is giving to us is good. 31 In addition to the miracles you witnessed in Egypt, you experi- According to the parallel account in Numbers, aft er the spies enced many wonders in the wilderness, where you saw that admitt ed that the land was good, they added other comments the Lord your God bore you as a man would bear his son, which ruined what would otherwise have been a positive re- with strength, love, and gentleness, in the entire path that you port.15 However, in this speech, Moses is generally not inter- went, until you came to this place. ested in emphasizing private sins. He therefore highlights the 32 But in this matt er of conquering the land, which is far less positive aspect of the spies’ report. complicated, you do not have faith in the Lord your God, 26 But despite the positive report, you were not willing to as- 33 who goes before you on the way, to scout for you a place for cend, and you defi ed the directive of the Lord your God. your encampment with fi re that descends by night, to show 27 You murmured your complaints in your tents, and you said: you the path on which you shall go, and in the cloud by day. In the Lord’s hatred of us, He took us out of the land of 34 However, the nation did not listen to Moses, and objected to Egypt, to deliver us into the hand of the Emorites, to de- entering the land. And the Lord heard the sound of your stroy us. God is sending us to Canaan only because He wants words, and He was enraged and took an oath, saying: to destroy us. 35 If any man among these men, this wicked generation, will 28 Where are we ascending? Our brethren, the spies, have see the good land about which I took an oath to give it to melted our heart, saying: A people greater and taller than

DISCUSSION Caleb, Joshua, and Moses: The Torah account the fact that Moses was not going to enter the city they would conquer. Moses, with the best of of the sin of the spies ends with a list of its re- Land of Israel was already known, its mention in intentions, as he was confident in God’s promise, percussions. The list begins with the punish- the context of the sin of the spies is surprising. added to the mission of the spies and thereby ment of the children of Israel: “The Lord…was Wasn’t the punishment that he would not enter compromised that mission: “You shall see the enraged and took an oath, saying: If any man the land administered due to the sin of the wa- land, what it is. The people that lives in it, is it among these men, this wicked generation, will ters of dispute? Does it not say: “Because you did strong or is it weak? Are they few or many? What see the good land about which I took an oath to not have faith in Me, to sanctify Me before the is the land in which it lives? Is it good or bad? give to your fathers” (1:34–35). It continues with eyes of the children of Israel; therefore, you shall What are the cities in which it lives? Is it in camps Caleb’s reward: “Except Caleb son of Yefuneh, not bring this assembly into the land that I have or in fortifications?” (Numbers 13:18–19). Those he shall see it and to him I will give the land given them” (Numbers 20:12)? questions directed the focus of the spies to the in which he trod, and to his children, because The Abravanel explains that despite the plain might of the people, the strength of the cities, he followed the Lord wholeheartedly” (1:36). It understanding of this verse, the sin of the waters and the fact that the land devoured its inhab- concludes with Joshua’s reward: “Joshua son of dispute was not the reason that Moses was itants. Therefore, it is only natural that Moses’ of Nun, who stands before you, he shall come punished; rather, he was punished for his role in punishment was mentioned in this context. there; strengthen him, for he shall bequeath it the sin of the spies. God commanded Moses to The Ramban explains that Moses’ punish- to Israel” (1:38). send men to scout the land of Canaan (Numbers ment is totally unrelated to the sin of the spies. The verse that appears in the text between 13:2), a command to get a general sense of the Rather, his punishment is mentioned in order to the reward for Caleb and the reward for Joshua land. The people requested: “Let us send men make sense of the verse about Joshua that fol- presents a difficulty not due to its content but before us, and they will spy the land for us, and lows. In order to understand why Joshua would due to its placement. The verse says: “Also the they will return word to us: The way that we will be leading the people into the land of Canaan, it Lord was incensed with me because of you, say- ascend, and the cities at which we will arrive” was first necessary to explain that Moses would ing: You too shall not come there” (1:37). Though (Deuteronomy 1:22). The request was limited to not be entering the land. ascertaining the ideal path to take to the first

952 ספר דברים | פרק א | דברים

ו יָשׁ ִ ֤ ּבו אֹתָ֙ ּנו דָּ בָ֔ ר אֶ ַ ת־הדֶּ֙רֶ ך  אֲשׁ ֶ ֣ר נַ ֽﬠֲלֶ ה־בָּ֔הּ ואֵ ת הֶ ֽﬠָרִ ֔ ים אֲשׁ ֶ ֥ר נָב֖ ֹא אֲלֵ ֶ ֽיהן׃ כג כד וַ יִּ ַ יט֥ב בּﬠֵ ַ ינ֖י הַדָּ בָ ֑ר וָ ֽאֶקַּ ֤ ח מִ כֶּ ם שׁ  נֵ ֣ים ﬠָשָׂ ֣ר אֲ נָשׁ ִ֔ ים אִ֥ ׁיש אֶחָ ֖ד לַשָּׁ ֽבֶ ט׃ וַ יִּפּ נו כה וַיַּ ֽﬠֲל֣ וּ הָהָ֔רָ ה וַ יָּב֖ ֹ ּאו ﬠַ ַ ד־נ֣חַ ל אֶשׁ  כּ֑ ֹל וַ ֽירַ גּל֖ וּ אֹתָ ֽהּ ׃ וַ יִּקח֤ וּ ב יָדָ ם מִ ּפרִ֣ י הָאָ֔רֶ ץ וַ ִ֖יּוֹר ּדו אֵלֵ ֑ ּינו וַ יָּשׁ ִ֨ ּבו אֹתָ ֤ ּנו דָ בָ ר וַ יֹּ֣אמר֔ וּ ָ טוֹב֣ה הָאָ֔רֶ ץ אֲשׁ ֶ ֥ ר־יהוה אֱ לֹהֵ ֖ ּינו נֹתֵ ֥ ן כו כז לָ ֽנוּ׃ ול֥ ֹא אֲבִ ֶ ֖ יתם לַ ֽﬠֲל֑ ֹת וַתַּמר֕ וּ אֶ ת ּ־פִ֥י ֖ יהוה אֱלֽ ֹהֵ ֶ ֽיכם׃ וַתֵּרָ ֽגנ֤ וּ ב א ֽהֵ ֶ יכם וַתּ֣ ֹאמר֔ וּ בּשִׂ נאַ ֤ת יהוה אֹתָ֔ ּנו הֽ ִוֹצ ָ ֖יא ּנו מֵאֶ ֣רֶ ץ מִ צרָ ֑יִם לָתֵ ֥ ת אֹתָ ֛ ּנו בּ יַ ֥ד הָ ֽאֱ מֹרִ֖ י כח להַשׁ מִ ֵ ֽידנוּ׃ אָ נָ ֣ה ׀ אֲ נַ ֣ח ּנו עֹלִ֗ ים אַחֵ֩ ּינו הֵמַ֨ סּ וּ אֶ ת־לבָבֵ֜ ּנו לֵ ֗ אמֹר ﬠַ ֣ם גָּד֤ וֹל וָרָ ם כט מִמֶּ֔ נּוּ ﬠָרִ֛ ים גּ דֹל֥ ֹת וּב צוּר֖ ֹת בַּשָּׁמָ ֑יִם וגַ ּ ם־בנֵ ֥י ﬠֲנָקִ֖ ים רָ אִ֥ ּינו שׁ ָ ֽם׃ וָ ֽאֹמַ ֖ר אֲלֵכֶ ֑ם ל לֹ ַ א־תֽﬠַר צ֥ וּן ו לֹ ִֽא־ת  ירא֖ וּן מֵהֶ ֽם׃ ֤ יהוה אֱלֽ ֹהֵ ֶ יכם הַ ֽהֹלֵ ֣ך לִפנֵ ֶ֔ יכם ה֖ וּא ּיִלָחֵ ֣ם לָכֶ ֑ם לא כּ כ֠ ֹל אֲשׁ ֶ֨ ר ﬠָשָׂ ֧ה אִתּ כֶ ֛ם בּמִ צרַ ֖ יִם לﬠֵ ֽ ֵינ ֶ ֽיכם׃ וּבַמִּד בָּ ר אֲשׁ ֶ ֣ר רָ אִ֔ ָית אֲשׁ ֶ ֤ר נשָׂ ֽאֲ ךָ ֣ יהוה אֱ לֹהֶ֔ ָיך כַּ ֽאֲשׁ ֶ ֥ר ָּיִשׂ ִ֖א־א ׁיש אֶ ּ ת־בנ֑ וֹ בּכ ַ ל־הדֶּ֙רֶ ך  אֲשׁ ֶ ֣ר הֲלַכ ֶּ֔ תם ﬠַ ּֽ ד־בֹאֲ כֶ ֖ם לב לג ﬠַ ד־הַמָּק֥ וֹם הַ זֶּ ֽה׃ וּבַדָּ בָ ֖ר הַ זֶּ ֑ה אֵ ֽינכֶ ם מַ ֽאֲמִ ִ֔ ינם בַּ ֽ ֖ יהוה אֱלֽ ֹהֵ ֶ ֽיכם׃ הַ ֽהֹלֵ֨ך לִפנֵ ֶ֜ יכם בַּדֶּ֗רֶ ך לָת֥ וּר לָכֶ ֛ם מָק֖ וֹם לַ ֽחֲ נֹֽת כֶ ֑ם בָּאֵ ֣שׁ ׀ לַ֗ ילָ ה לַר אֽ ֹת כֶ ם בַּדֶּ֙רֶ ך  אֲשׁ ֶ ֣ר תֵּ ֽל ּכו־בָ֔הּ לד לה וּבֶ ֽﬠָנָ ֖ן ָ ֽיוֹמם׃ וַ יִּשׁ מַ ֥ע ֖ יהוה אֶ ֣ת־קוֹל דִּ ברֵ ֶ יכ֑ם וַ יִּק צ֖ ֹף וַ יִּשָּׁבַ ֥ע לֵ ֽ אמֹר׃ אִ ם־יִר אֶ ֥ה אִ ׁ יש בָּ ֽאֲ נָשׁ ִ֣ ים הָאֵ֔ ֶּ לה הַ דּ֥ וֹר הָרָ ֖ ע הַ זֶּ ֑ה אֵ֚ ת הָאָ ֣רֶ ץ הַ ּט ָ֔ וֹבה אֲשׁ ֶ ֣ר נִשׁ בַּ֔ﬠתִּ י לָתֵ ֖ ת

רש״י

אֵ ין ּדֶרֶךְ ׁשֶאֵ ין ָ ּב ּה עַקְמִ ימוּ: וְאֵ ת הֶﬠָרִ ים אֲשׁ ֶ ר נָ בֹא כו ׀ וַתַּמְ ּרו. לְ ׁשוֹן הְַרָסָ ה, הְִרַסְ ֶּ ם ְּ כ ֶגֶד מַאֲמָ רוֹ: ל ׀ ּיִלָחֵ ם לָכֶ ם. ִ ּבׁשְבִ ילְכֶ ם: אֲלֵ ֶ יהן. ְּחִ ּלָ לִכְ ּבֹׁש: כז ׀ וַתֵּרָ גְ ּנו. לָ ׁשוֹן הָרָ ע, וְכֵ ן: " ּדִבְרֵ י ִרְ ָ ּגן" (משלי יח, ח), לא ׀ וּבַמִּדְ בָּ ר אֲשׁ ֶ ר רָ אִ ָית. ָ מוּסב עַ ל מִקְרָ  ׁ ֶ ש ּלְמַעְלָ כג ׀ וַיִּ ַ יטב בְּﬠֵ ינַי הַדָּ בָ ר. ּבְעֵ יַי וְלֹא ּבְעֵ יֵי הַ ָּמקוֹם. וְאִ ם אָדָ ם הַ ּמ ִוֹצי ִ ּד ָ ּבה: בְּשִׂ נְאַ ת ה׳ אֹתָ ּנו. וְהוּא הָ יָה ֵ וֹהב הֵ ֶ ימ ּוּ: " ְּ ככ ֲֹ ׁ ֶ שר ָﬠשָׂ ה ּ ִְכֶ ם ּבְמִצְרַ יִם" ָוְﬠשָׂ ה ַ ף ַ ּב ּמִדְ ָ ּבר, ּבְעֵ יֵי ֶׁ מֹשה הָ יָה טוֹב, ָּ לָמה ֲמָרָ ּה ַ ּב ּתוֹכָ חוֹת? מָ ׁ ָ ש לְאָדָ ם אְֶכֶ ם, ֲבָ ל  ֶּ ַם שׂוֹְאִ ים וֹתוֹ. מְ ׁ ַ של הֶדְ יוֹט וֹמֵ ר: מָ ה "ֲ ׁ ֶ שר רִָ ָי ֲ ׁ ֶ שר ְשָׂאֲ ךָ ״ וְגוֹ׳: כַּאֲשׁ ֶ ר ּ ָׂ יִשא אִ ׁיש אֶ ת בְּ נוֹ. ׁ ֶש ֵ אוֹמר לַחֲבֵ רוֹ: מְ כֹר ִי חֲ מוֹרְךָ זֶה, ָמַ ר וֹ: הֵ ן. ְנוֹתוֹ ַ ָּ תה ּד ִּבְלִבָךְ עַ ל רָחֲמָ ךְ , מָ ה ּד ִֵּבְלִב ּיה עֲלָךְ : בְּשִׂ נְאַ ת ה׳ אֹתָ ּנו ְּכמוֹ ׁ ֶ ש ּפֵרַ ׁ ְ ש ִּ תי ֵצֶל " ַּ וַיִּסע מַ לְאַךְ הָאֱ לִֹ ים הַ ֹלֵךְ לִפְֵי לִי לְִ ָּסיוֹן? ָמַ ר לוֹ: הֵ ן. ּבֶהָרִ ים וּגְבָ עוֹת? ָמַ ר לוֹ: הֵ ן. ֵּכיוָן ִהוֹצ ָיא ּנו מֵאֶרֶ ץ מִ צְרָ יִם. הוֹצָאָ תוֹ לְשְִׂאָ ה הָ יְָ ה. מָ ׁ ָ של מַחֵֲ יִשְׂרֵָ ל״ וְגוֹ׳ (שמות יד, יט-כ), מָ ׁ ָ של לִמְהַ ּלֵךְ ַ ּב ּדֶרֶךְ וּבְ וֹ ׁשֶרָָ ה ׁשֶאֵ ין מְעַ ְּכבוֹ ְּכלוּם, ָמַ ר הַ ּלוֹקֵח ּב ְִּבוֹ: ָּב טוּח הוּא ְמֶ ֶךְ ּבָשָׂ ר וָדָ ם ׁשֶהָ יוּ לוֹ ׁשְֵי ּבִָים ׁוְיֵש לוֹ ׁ ְ ש ֵּ תי שָׂ דוֹ, לְפָָיו, ָּבאוּ לִסְטִ ים לִ ׁ ְ ש ּ ֹבתוֹ וְכוּ׳ [נטלו מלפניו תו אחריו. זֶה ׁ ֶ ש ּלֹא ֶמְצָא ּבוֹ מוּם. מִ יָּ ד ָמַ ר וֹ: טֹל מָ ֶעוֹת ָיך וְאֵ יִי אַחַ  ׁ ֶ של ׁשַקְ יָ וְאַחַ  ׁ ֶ של ּבַעַ ל, ְמִ י ׁ ֶשהוּא ֵ וֹהב נוֹֵ ן בא זאב מאחריו, תו לפניו. באו לסטים לפניו וזאבים מְַ ֶּ סה מֵעַ ָּ תה. ַ ף ֲִי ֵהוֹד ִ יי ְדִבְרֵ ֶ יכם, ׁ ֶ ש ָּ מא ַּחְ זְרוּ ּבָכֶ ם ׁ ֶ ש ׁשַקְ יָ וּלְמִ י ׁ ֶשהוּא שׂוֹֵא נוֹֵ ן לוֹ ׁ ֶ של ּבַעַ ל. ֶרֶ ץ מִצְרַ יִם מאחריו, תו על זרועו ולחם בהם. כך: "ואנכי רגלתי ְּ כׁ ֶ ש ִּרְ וּ ׁשֶאֵ יִי מְעַ ֵּ כב, וְאַ ֶּ ם לֹא חֲ זַרְ ֶּ ם ּבָכֶ ם: וָאֶקַּ ח מִכֶּ ם. ׁ ֶ של ׁשַקְ יָ הִ י, ׁ ֶ ש ִּילוּס עוֹלֶ ַ וּמׁשְקֶ ה ָ וֹת ּה, וְאֶרֶ ץ ּכְַעַ ן לאפרים קָחָ ם על ֹזרועתיו" (הושע י, ג)]: מִ ן הַ ְּב ִרוּרים ׁ ֶ ש ּבָכֶ ם, מִ ן הַמְסֻ ָּתִ ים ׁ ֶ ש ּבָכֶ ם: שׁ ְ נֵים ﬠָשָׂ ר ׁ ֶ של ּבַעַ ל, וְ ִהוֹצ ָינוּ מִ ּמִצְרַ יִם לָתֵ ת לָ וּ ֶ ת ֶרֶ ץ ּכְָעַ ן: לב ׀ וּבַדָּ בָ ר הַ זֶּה. ׁ ֶשהוּא מַבְטִ יחֲכֶ ם לֲַבִ יֲכֶ ם ֶ ל הָאָרֶ ץ, אֲ נָשׁ ִ ים אִ ׁיש אֶחָ ד ַ ׁ ּשָבֶ ט. מַ ּגִיד ׁ ֶ ש ּלֹא הָ יָה ׁשֵבֶ ט ֵוִי עִ ּמָהֶ ם: "ֵ יְכֶ ם מַאֲמִ ִינם" ּבוֹ: כח ׀ ﬠָרִ ים גְּ דֹלֹת וּבְ צוּרֹת בַּ ׁ ּשָמָ יִם. ִ ּד ְּברוּ הַ ְּכ ִתוּבים לְ ׁשוֹן כד ׀ ﬠַ ד נַחַ ל אֶשׁ ְכּ ֹל. מַ ִּגיד ׁ ֶ ש ִּקְרָ  עַ ל ׁ ֵ שם סוֹפוֹ: וַיְרַ גְּ ּלו הֲבַ אי: לג ׀ ַרְ אֹתְ כֶ ם. ְּכמוֹ 'לְַרְ וֹְכֶ ם', וְכֵ ן: "לְַחָֹ ם הַ ּדֶרֶךְ " אֹתָ הּ . מְ ֵּ לַמד ׁשֶהָ לְ כוּ ָ ּב ּה ַרְ ּבָעָ  וֹמִָין ׁשְתִ י וָעֵרֶ ב: (שמות יג, כא), וְכֵ ן: "ַ ׁשְמִע ְּבקוֹל ּוֹדָ ה" (הלים כו, ז), וְכֵ ן: כט ׀ לֹא תַﬠַרְ צוּן. לְ ׁשוֹן ׁשְבִ ָ ירה ּכְַרְ ּגוּמוֹ, וְ ֶ דוֹמה לוֹ: כה ׀ וַ ִיּוֹר ּדו אֵלֵ ּינו. מַ ִּגיד ׁשֶאֶרֶ ץ יִשְׂרֵָ ל ְּג ָ בוֹה מִ ָּ כל "לָלֶכֶ ת לַ ִּגיד ּבְיִזְרְעֶ אל" (מלכים ב׳ ט, טו ועיין רש"י שם): " ּבַעֲ רוּץ ְחָ לִ ים" (יוב ל, ו), לִ ׁ ְ ש ּבֹר הְַּחָ לִ ים: הָאֲרָ וֹ: וַיֹּאמְ ּרו ָ טוֹבה הָאָרֶ ץ. מִ י הֵ ם ׁשֶאָמְ רוּ טוֹבָתָ ּה? יְ ׁהוֹשֻע וְכֵָב:

953 Book of Deuteronomy | Chapter 2 | Devarim

your fathers. I will not allow any of these men to see the land, 36 except for Caleb son of Yefuneh, he shall see it, the land; and to him I will give the land in which he trod, and to his chil- dren, because he followed the instruction of the Lord whole- heartedly, and provided an accurate description of the land, while assuring the people that they could conquer it. 37 Also the Lord was incensed with me because of you, say- ing: Due to your sin, you too shall not come there. Although Moses sinned on a diff erent occasion,16 he already received a hint in the aft ermath of the sin of the spies that he too would not enter the land.17 38 Joshua son of Nun, who stands before you, to serve you, he shall come there; strengthen him, for he shall bequeath it to Israel. Swarm of bees 39 God addresses the people: And ironically, your children, Fourth whom you said would be taken by your enemies as captives aliya and killed, and your young sons, who today do not know how to distinguish between good and evil, they will come there, to the land of Canaan, and to them I will give it, and they will take possession of it. 40 Meanwhile you, turn back and travel into the wilderness via the route leading to the Red Sea, as you will wander in the wil- derness until you die. 41 You answered and you said to me: We sinned against the Lord, we will go up and make war, in accordance with ev- erything that the Lord our God had commanded; and you girded each man his weapons of war, and decided to ascend to the mountain. Alternatively, this means: And you dared to ascend to the mountain, or: And you readied yourselves to as- cend to the mountain.18 42 Th e Lord said to me: Say to them: Do not go up and do not make war, as I am not in your midst, and if you obey Me, you will not be routed before your enemies. 43 I spoke to you and told you not to set out to war, reminding you that all your previous victories were achieved only through divine assistance, not your own military power; but you did not heed, and you defi ed the directive of the Lord, and you intentionally ascended to the mountain. Circling of Mount Se’ir 44 Th e Emorites, who live on that mountain, came out toward you, and pursued you, as bees would do, and they beat and 45 You returned and wept before the Lord, in regret for your 19 broke you in Se’ir until Horma. Th e Emorites surrounded sins, begging for forgiveness and mercy; but the Lord did not you like a swarm of bees, leaving no avenue of escape. Th is place heed your voice, and He did not listen to you. was later called Horma, in commemoration of the destruction 46 You lived in Kadesh many days, like the days that you [ĥurban] that occurred there. lived there. 2 1 We turned and we traveled back into the wilderness via the Red Sea, as the Lord spoke to me; and we circled Mount Se’ir

954 ספר דברים | פרק ב | דברים

לו לַ ֽאֲבֹֽתֵ ֶ ֽיכם׃ זֽוּלָתִ֞ י כָּלֵ ֤ב בֶּ ן־יפֻנֶּה ה֣ וּא יִר אֶ֔ נָּה ולֽ וֹ־אֶתֵּ ֧ן אֶ ת־הָאָ ֛רֶ ץ אֲשׁ ֶ ֥ר דָּ ֽרַ ך ָּ ־ב֖הּ לז וּלבָ נָ ֑יו יַ֕ﬠַ ן אֲשׁ ֶ ֥ר מִ ֵּ ל֖א אַ ֽחֲרֵ ֥ י ֽיהוה׃ גַּ ִּ ם־בי הִתאַ נַּ ֣ף יהו֔ה בִּגלַלכֶ ֖ם לֵ ֑ אמֹר גַּ ם־אַתָּ ֖ה לח לֽ ֹ ָ א־תב֥ ֹא שׁ ָ ֽם׃ י ׁ ֻ הוֹש֤ﬠ בִּ ן־נוּן הָ ֽעֹמֵ ֣ד לפָנֶ֔ ָיך ה֖ וּא יָ ֣בֹא שׁ ָ ֑מָּ ה אֹת֣ וֹ חַ זֵּ֔ ק כִּ ֖ י־הוּא לט יַנחִלֶ ֥נָּה אֶ ת־יִשׂרָ אֵ ֽל׃ וטַ ּפכֶ ם אֲשׁ ֶ֨ ר אֲמַרתֶּ֜ ם לָבַ ֣ז יִֽה יֶ֗ה וּב נֵ ֶ֠יכם אֲשׁ ֶ֨ ר לֹ ָ א־יֽד ﬠ֤ וּ רביעי מ הַ יּוֹם ט֣ וֹב וָרָ֔ ע הֵ ֖מָּ ה יָב֣ ֹ ּאו שׁ ָ ֑מָּ ה ולָהֶ ֣ם אֶתּ נֶ֔נָּה והֵ ֖ם יִֽירָשׁ ֽ וּהָ ׃ ואַתֶּ ֖ ם ּפנ֣וּ לָכֶ ֑ם מא וּסﬠ֥ וּ הַמִּד בָּ ֖רָ ה דֶּ ֥רֶ ך יַ ֽ ם־סוּף׃ וַ ֽתַּ ֽﬠֲנ֣ וּ ׀ וַתּֽ ֹאמר֣ וּ אֵלַ֗ י חָטָ֘ ּ֮אנו לַ ֽ ֒יהוה אֲ נַ ֤ח ּנו נַ ֽﬠֲלֶ ה ונִלחַ֔מ ּנו כּכ֥ ֹל אֲשׁ ֶ ִ ר־צוָּ ֖ ּנו ֣ יהוה אֱ ֹהֵ ֑ ּינו וַ ֽתַּ ח גּר֗ וּ אִ֚ ׁיש אֶ תכּלֵ ֣י מִלחַמתּ֔ וֹ מב וַתָּ הִ֖ ּינו לַ ֽﬠֲל֥ ֹת הָהָ ֽרָ ה׃ וַ יּ֨ ֹ ֶ אמר ֜ יהוה אֵ לַ֗ י אֱמ֤ ֹר לָהֶ ם ֤ ֹא תַ ֽﬠֲ ּלו ול֣ ֹא מג תִֽ ָּ לֽחֲמ֔ וּ כִּ֥י אֵ ֶ ינ֖נִּי בּקִר בּכֶ ֑ם ו לֹא תִּ נָּ ֽגפ֔ וּ לִפ נֵ ֖י אֽ ֹיבֵ ֶ ֽיכם׃ וָ ֽאֲדַ בֵּ ֥ר אֲ ֵ ֶ יכ֖ם מד ו֣ ֹא שׁ מַﬠתֶּ ֑ ם וַתַּמּ רו אֶ ּת־פִ֣י יהו֔ה וַתָּ זִ֖ ּדו וַתַּ ֽﬠֲל֥ וּ הָהָ ֽרָ ה׃ וַ יֵּצֵ֨ א הָ ֽאֱ מֹרִ ֜ י הַ יֹּשׁ ֵ֨ ב בָּהָ ֤ר הַ הוּא לִקרַ  אתכֶ֔ ם וַ יִּר דּ פ֣ וּ אֶת כֶ֔ ם כַּ ֽאֲשׁ ֶ ֥ר תַּ ֽﬠֲשֶׂ ֖ינָה הַ דּ בֹרִ֑ ים וַ יַּכּת֥ וּ אֶת כֶ ֛ם מה בּשֵׂﬠִ֖יר ﬠַ ד־חר מָ ֽה׃ וַתָּשׁ ֻ֥ ּבו וַתִּ בכּ֖ וּ לִפנֵ ֣י ֑ יהוה ולֽ ֹ ׁ א־שָמַ ֤ע יהוה בּק֣ ֹלכֶ֔ ם ול֥ ֹא מו ב א הֶ ֽאֱ זִ֖ין אֲ ֵ ֶ ֽיכם׃ וַתֵּ ֽשׁ ב֥ וּ בקָדֵ ֖שׁ יָמִ֣ ים רַ בִּ֑ים כַּ יָּמִ֖ ים אֲשׁ ֶ ֥ר ישׁ ַבתֶּ ֽ ם׃ וַנֵּ֜פֶ ן וַנִּסַּ ֤ע הַמִּד בָּ֙רָ ה דֶּ ֣רֶ ך יַ ֔ ם־סוּף כַּ ֽאֲשׁ ֶ ֛ר דִּ בֶּ ֥ר ֖ יהוה אֵ לָ ֑י וַנָּ ֥ס ב אֶ ַת־ה ֵׂ ר־שﬠִ֖יר

רש״י

לו ׀ אֲשׁ ֶ ר דָּרַ ךְ בָּהּ . חֶבְ רוֹן, ׁ ֶ ש ֶּאֱמַ ר: "וַיָּבֹא עַ ד חֶבְ רוֹן" מא ׀ וַתָּ הִ ּינו. לְ ׁשוֹן: "הִ ֶּנ ּנוּ וְעָלִ ינוּ ֶ ל הַ ָּמקוֹם" (במדבר " ּכַיָּמִ ים ֲ ׁ ֶ שר ׁיְשַבְ ֶּ ם" ִ ּבׁשְאָ ר הַ ַּ מ ָּ סעוֹ, וְהֵ ם הָ יוּ ׁ ְ שִֹׁשים (במדבר יג, כב): יד, מ), זֶה הַ ָּ לׁשוֹן ׁשֶאֲמַרְ ֶּ ם, לְ ׁשוֹן הֵ ן, ְּ כלוֹמַ ר ַ ִּזְד ּמ ֶּ ְַם: ׁ ְ וּשמֶֹ ׁש ְּ ,ָָׁ ַ שע ֶﬠשְׂרֵ ה מֵהֶ ם ָﬠשׂ וּ ּבְקָדֵ ׁש וּְ ׁ ַ שע ֶﬠשְׂרֵ ה לז ׀ הִתְאַ נַּ ף. ִְמַ ּלֵא רֹגֶז: מב ׀ לֹא תַﬠֲ ּלו. לֹא עֲלִיָּה ְּהֵ א לָכֶ ם ֶ ּלָא יְרִ ָ ידה: ׁשָָ הוֹלְכִ ים ְ וּמטֹרָפִ ים וְחָ זְרוּ ְקָדֵ ׁש, ְּכמוֹ ׁ ֶ ש ֶּאֱמַ ר: "וַיְִעֵ ם ַ ּב ּמִדְ ָ ּבר" (במדבר לב, יג). ּכָךְ מָצָ ִ אתי ּבְסֵדֶ ר ָ עוֹם (פרק ח): מ ׀ ְּפ ּנו לָכֶ ם. ָמַרְ ִּ י לְַעֲבִ יר ֶְכֶ ם ּדֶרֶךְ רֹחַ ב ֶרֶ ץ מד ׀ כַּאֲשׁ ֶ ר תַּ ﬠֲשֶׂ ינָה הַ דְּ בֹרִ ים. מַ ה הַ ְּד ָ בוֹרה הַ זֹּאת אֱ דוֹם ְצַד צָפוֹן ִ ָּ כ ֵנס ָאָרֶ ץ, קִ לְקַ לְ ֶּ ם וּגְרַמְ ֶּ ם לָכֶ ם ְּ כׁשֶהִ י מַ ָּ כ ֶ ת הָאָדָ ם מִ יַּ ד מֵתָ ה, ַ ף הֵ ם ְּ כׁשֶהָ יוּ פרק ב עִ ּכוּב: ְּפ ּנו ָכֶ ם. ַאֲ ֵחוֹר ֶ יכם, ו ֵְְ כוּ ַ ּב ּמִדְ ָ ּבר ְצַד יַם נוֹגְעִ ים ּבָכֶ ם מִ יָּ ד מֵתִ ים: א ׀ וַנִּסַּ ע הַמִּדְ בָּרָ ה. ִ ּלוּ לֹא חָטְ אוּ הָ יוּ עוֹבְרִ ים ּדֶרֶךְ סוּף, ׁשֶהַ ּמִדְ ָ ּבר ׁשֶהָ יוּ הוֹלְכִ ים ּבוֹ ִדְ ָ רוֹמ ּה ׁ ֶ של הַ ר שֵׂעִ יר הַ ר שֵׂעִ יר ָּ לִכ ֵנס לָאָרֶ ץ מִ ְּדרוֹמוֹ לִצְ פוֹנוֹ, ִ וּבׁשְבִ יל ׁ ֶ ש ִּ קלְקְ לוּ מה ׀ וְלֹא שׁ ָמַ ע ה׳ בְּקֹלְכֶ ם. ּכִבְ ָיכוֹל ֲﬠשִׂ ֶ ים מִ ַ ּד רַחֲמָ יו הָ יָה, מַפְסִ יק ֵּבין יַם סוּף ְַ ר שֵׂעִ יר, עַ ָּ תה הִ ָּ מׁ ְשכוּ הִפְ ָן ְצַד הַ ּמִדְ ָ ּבר ׁ ֶשהוּא ֵּבין יַם סוּף ִדְ רוֹמוֹ ׁ ֶ של הַ ר ּכְאִ ּלוּ ַכְ זָרִ י: לְצַד הַ יָּם וּְסַ ְּבבוּ ֶ ת הַ ר שֵׂעִ יר ָּ כל ְּדרוֹמוֹ מִ ן הַ ּמַעֲרָ ב שֵׂעִ יר, וְהִ ְּכוּ ֵצֶל ְּדרוֹמוֹ מִ ן הַ ּמַעֲרָ ב ַ ִּ מזְרָ ח ּדֶרֶךְ יְצִ יָָ ן ַ ִּ מזְרָ ח: מו ׀ וַתֵּשׁ ְ ּבו בְקָדֵשׁ יָמִ ים רַבִּ ים. ְּ ׁ ַ שע ֶﬠשְׂרֵ ה ׁשָָ, ׁ ֶ ש ֶּאֱמַ ר: מִ ּמִצְרַ יִם ׁ ֶשהוּא ּבְמִקְ וֹע ְּד ִרוֹמי מַעֲרָבִ י, מִ ָּׁ שם הָ יוּ

955 Book of Deuteronomy | Chapter 2 | Devarim

many days. For years, we stayed in the region of Mount Se’ir, and we did not travel in the direction of Canaan until the gener- ation that left Egypt had died out.

Moses continues to summarize the past, turning next to recent events Moses’ Speech Continues: Confrontations that most of his audience would remember: The abstention from war Lands on the Eastern Side of the Jordan River against nations that are considered family relations of the children of DEUTERONOMY 2:23:22 Israel, namely Edom, Amon, and Moav, as well as the military victories over the two Emorite kings. Toward the end of the section, Moses describes how he apportioned the land on the eastern side of the Jordan River to certain tribes and families, after which he blesses Joshua and encourages him for the upcoming conquest of the territory on the western side of the Jordan. This is a new context for such words of encouragement. Although Moses took the nation out of Egypt and led them through the wilderness for many years, his comments gain extra credibility from his recent conquest of two powerful kings and his division of land to a portion of the nation. Even if the full vision for the future has yet to be realized, Moses has fulfilled part of it. Consequently, he emphasizes the details of his military victories as well as the conquest of the region and its settlement as a model for the nation’s wars after it crosses the Jordan.

Fifth 2 Aft er a long time had passed, the Lord said to me, saying: 8 We passed from our brethren the children of Esau, who aliya 3 Enough for you circling this mountain, Mount Se’ir, and live in Se’ir, from the way of the Arava, from Eilat and from staying in the same region all the time. Aft er all this aimless Etzyon Gever, which is next to Eilat, and we turned north- wandering, turn you to a specifi c direction, to the north. ward and passed via the wilderness of Moav. In the Bible, of 4 Command the people, saying: You are passing through the all the nations, only the children of Esau are called the breth- border of your brethren the children of Esau, who live in ren of Israel,26 as they are the Israelites’ closest family; no other Se’ir; they will be afraid of you, because you are a great na- nation is referred to by this term. Here this family relationship tion, and even so, you shall be very careful. is mentioned in support of the admonition against threatening 5 Do not provoke them, for I will not give you even the tread the territory of Esau. of the sole of a foot from their land, because I have given 9 Th e Lord said to me: Do not besiege Moav, and do not pro- Mount Se’ir to be an inheritance to Esau. Esau was granted voke war with them, as I will not give you from his land a Mount Se’ir as his portion of God’s promise to Abraham and possession; because to the children of Lot I have given the his family.20 In the future, this territory will revert to its true per- region of Ar, in Moav, as a possession. manent owner, the nation of Israel. However, for the moment 10 Here, the chapter records some pertinent details from the it will remain in the possession of the descendants of Esau, and distant past: Th e Emim, a nation or tribe, perhaps so named Israel was prohibited from taking any part of it.21 because it engendered fear [eima] in others, dwelt there previ- 6 Consequently, in order to eat, you shall purchase22 from them ously, in the land currently inhabited by Moav; a people great, food with silver, and eat; and also water you shall purchase23 numerous, and tall, like giants. from them with silver, and drink. 11 Refaim,B another ancient people, would also be regarded 7 For the Lord your God blessed you in all your handiwork; as giants; but the Moavites, whose language was similar to He has known what you required24 in your walking through Hebrew, would call them Emim, because they aroused fear this great wilderness, these forty years the Lord your God [eima]. has been with you; you have not lacked anything. Since you 12 Th e chapter similarly notes: In Se’ir the Horites lived previ- were isolated from civilization and commerce in the wilder- ously, and the children of Esau took possession from them ness, and your needs were provided for by God, you did not re- and they destroyed them from before them, and dwelled quire money. Now you can spend the money that you possess.25 in their place, as Israel did to the land of its possession, the land of Sihon and Og, which the Lord gave to them. Th e

BACKGROUND 2:11 | Refaim: Only fragments of information imagination or mythical characters, but real “I destroyed the Emorites from before them, remain about this ancient people. The Torah’s peoples who played a role in the history of the whose height was like the height of cedars historical descriptions of this and other nations, region. Furthermore, the depiction of these na- and who were strong as the oaks; I destroyed and its mention of how they were known to tions is designed to prevent future generations his fruit from above and his roots from below” the other nations in the region, serve to clar- of Israel from considering their own possession (Amos 2:9). ify that these were not mere figments of the of the land as unquestionable, as it is stated:

956 ספר דברים | פרק ב | דברים

ב ג יָמִ֥ ים רַ בִּֽים׃ וַ יֹּ֥ ֶ אמר ֖ יהוה אֵלַ ֥י לֵ ֽ אמֹר׃ רַ ב־לָכֶ֕ ם ס֖ ֹב אֶ ת־הָהָ ֣ר הַ זֶּ ֑ה ב חמישי ד ּפנ֥וּ לָכֶ ֖ם צָפֽ ֹנָה׃ ואֶ ת־הָﬠָם֮ צַ ֣ו לֵ אמֹר֒ אַתֶּ ֣ ם ﬠֽ ֹברִ ֗ ים בִּ ג בוּל אֲחֵ ֶ יכ֣ם בּ נֵ ֽיﬠֵשָׂ֔ ו ה הַ יֹּֽשׁ בִ֖ים בּשֵׂﬠִ֑יר ו יִֽ  ירא֣ וּ מִ כֶּ֔ ם ונִשׁ מַרתֶּ ֖ ם מאֽ ֹד׃ אַ ל־תִּת גָּ ֣ ּרו בָ֔ ם כִּי לֽ ֹא־אֶתֵּ ֤ן לָכֶ ם ו מֵ ֽאַר צָ֔ ם ﬠַ ֖ד מִדרַ ֣ך כַּ ָ ף־ר֑גֶ ל כִּֽי־ירֻשָּׁ ֣ה לﬠֵשָׂ֔ ו נָתַ ֖תִּ י אֶ ַ תה֥ר שֵׂﬠִֽיר׃ א֣ ֹכֶ ל תִּשׁ בּר֧ וּ ז מֵ ֽאִתָּ ֛ ם בַּכֶּ ֖סֶ ף וַ ֽאֲ כַלתֶּ ֑ ם וגַ ַ֜ םמיִם תִּ כר֧ וּ מֵ ֽאִתָּ ֛ ם בַּכֶּ ֖סֶ ף וּשׁ תִ ֶ ֽיתם׃ כִּ י יהו֨ה אֱ לֹהֶ֜ ָיך בֵּ ֽרַ כךָ֗ בּ כֹל מַ ֽﬠֲשֵׂ ֣ה יָדֶ֔ךָ יָדַ ֣ ע לֶכתּ ךָ֔ אֶ תהַמִּד בָּ ֥ר הַ גָּד֖ ֹל הַ זֶּ ֑ה זֶ ֣ה ׀ אַר בָּﬠִ֣ים שׁ ָ נָ֗ ה ח ֤ יהוה אֱ לֹהֶ֙ ָיך ﬠִמָּ֔ ך ל֥ ֹא חָסַ ֖רתָּ דָּ בָ ֽר׃ וַ ֽנַּ ֽﬠֲב֞ ֹר מֵאֵ ֧ת אַחֵ ֣ ּינו ב נֵ ֽיﬠֵשָׂ֗ ו הַ יֹּֽשׁ בִ ים בּשֵׂﬠִ֔ יר מִ דֶּ֙רֶ ך  הָ ֽﬠֲרָ בָ֔ ה מֵ ֽאֵ ַ יל֖ת וּמֵ ֽﬠֶצ יֹ֣ן גָּ ֑בֶ ר וַנֵּ֙פֶ ן וַ ֽנַּ ֽﬠֲב֔ ֹר דֶּ ֖רֶ ך מִד בַּ ֥ר ט ָ ֽמוֹאב׃ וַ יּ֨ ֹ ֶ אמר יהו֜ה אֵלַ֗ י אַ ָּ֙ לתצַ ר אֶ ָ֔ תמוֹאב ואַ לתִּת גָּ ֥ר בָּ ֖ם מִלחָמָ ֑ה כִּ י לֽ ֹא־

י אֶתֵּ֨ ן לךָ ֤ מֵ ֽאַר צוֹ ירֻשָּׁ֔ ה כִּ֣י לִב נֵ ֔י־לוֹט נָתַ ֥תִּ י אֶ ָ ת־ﬠ֖ר ירֻשָּׁ ֽה׃ י הָ ֽאֵמִ֥ ים פָנִ֖ים יָ ֣שׁ  ּבו

יא בָ ֑הּ ﬠַ ֣ם גָּד֥ וֹל ורַ ֛ ב וָרָ ֖ ם כַּ ֽﬠֲנָקִֽ ים׃ יא ר פָאִ֛ ים יֵחָ ֽשׁ ב֥ וּ אַ ֵ ף־ה֖ם כַּ ֽﬠֲנָקִ֑ ים והַמּ֣ ֹאָבִ֔ ים יִקר א֥ וּ

יב לָהֶ ֖ם אֵמִֽ ים׃ יב וּבשֵׂﬠִ֞ יר יָ ֽשׁ ב֣ וּ הַ ֽחֹרִ ֮ים לפָנִ ֒ים וּב נֵ ֧י ﬠֵשָׂ ֣ו יִֽירָשׁ ֗ וּם וַ יַּשׁ מִ ידוּם מִ ּפנֵ ֶ֔ יהם וַ יֵּ ֽשׁ ב֖ וּ תַּ חתָּ ֑ ם כַּ ֽאֲשׁ ֶ ֧ר ﬠָשָׂ ֣ה יִשׂרָ אֵ֗ ל לאֶ֙רֶ ץ ירֻשָּׁת֔ וֹ אֲשׁ ֶ ר־נָתַ ֥ ן ֖ יהוה לָהֶ ֽם׃

רש״י

הוֹלְכִ ים לְצַד הַ ִּ מזְרָ ח: וַנָּסָ ב אֶ ת הַ ר שֵׂﬠִ יר. ָּ כל ְּדרוֹמוֹ מֵאַבְרָהָ ם. ֲﬠשָׂרָ ה עֲמָמִ ים ָַ ִּ תי לוֹ, ׁשִבְעָ  לָכֶ ם, וְקֵ יִי ג), ׁשֶהָ יוּ ׁשוֹלְלִ ים וּבוֹזְזִים וֹָ ם. ֲבָ ל ּבִבְֵי עַ ּמוֹן ֶאֱמַ ר: עַ ד ֶרֶ ץ ָ מוֹאב: וּקְִזִּי וְקַדְ מוֹִי הֵ ן עַ ּמוֹן ָ וּמוֹאב וְשֵׂעִ יר, ַחַ  מֵהֶ ם ְ ֵﬠשָׂ ו, "וְאַ ִּ ְ ּגָר ָּם" (ללן פסוק יט), ׁשוּם ּגֵרוּי, ּבִשְׂכַ ר צְִיעוּת וְהַ ּׁשְַיִם לִבְֵי לוֹט ּבִשְׂכַ ר ׁשֶהָ לַךְ ִ ּתוֹ לְמִצְרַ יִם ׁוְשָתַ ק עַ ל מַ ה אִ ָּ מם ׁ ֶ ש ּלֹא ּפִרְסְמָ ה עַ ל ָבִ ָיה ְּכמוֹ ׁ ֶ ש ָﬠשְׂתָ ה הַ ּבְכִ ָ ירה ג ׀ ְּפ ּנו לָכֶ ם צָפֹנָה. ּסֹבוּ לָכֶ ם לְרוּח מִ זְרָחִ י מִ ן הַ ָּדרוֹם ּׁשֶהָ יָה ֵ וֹמר עַ ל ִ ׁ ְ ש ּתוֹ ֲ׳ ִ חוֹתי הִ י׳, לְפִ יכָךְ ﬠשָׂ אוֹ ּכִבְ וֹ: ׁ ֶ ש ָ ּקרְָ ה ׁ ֵ שם ּב ָְּ ָ מוֹאב: ﬠָ ר. ׁ ֵ שם הַ ּמְדִ יָ: ַָּצפוֹן ּפְֵיכֶ ם ָּלַצפוֹן, ִמְצְאוּ הוֹלְכִ ים ֶ ת רוּח מִ זְרָחִ י, ֲ וְזֶהוּ ׁ ֶ ש ֶּאֱמַ ר: "וַיָּבֹא מִ ִּ מזְרַ ח ׁשֶמֶ ׁש לְאֶרֶ ץ ָ מוֹאב" (שופטים ו ׀ תִּ כְ ּרו. לְ ׁשוֹן מִ ָ ּקח, וְכֵ ן: "ֲ ׁ ֶ שר ּכָרִ ִ יי לִי" (ברשי נ, ה), י ׀ הָאֵמִ ים לְפָנִים וְ גוֹ׳. ַ ָּ תה סָ בוּר ׁ ֶשזּוֹ ֶרֶ ץ רְפָאִ ים י, יח): ׁ ֶ ש ֵּ כן ּבִכְרַ ֵּ כי הַ יָּם קוֹרִ ין לִמְכִ ָ ירה ִּכ ָ ירה: ׁ ֶ ש ָַּ ִּ תי לוֹ לְאַבְרָהָ ם (ברשי טו, כ), ְפִ י ׁשֶהָאֵמִ ים ׁשֶהֵ ם רְפָאִ ים ׁ ְיָשבוּ ָ ּב ּה לְפִָים, ֲבָ ל ֹא זוֹ הִ י, ִּ כי וֹָ ן רְפָאִ ים ד ׀ וְנִשׁ ְמַרְתֶּ ם מְ אֹד. ַוּמהוּ הַ ּׁשְמִ ָ ירה? "ַ ל ִְּ ָּגרוּ ָם" ז ׀ כִּ י ה׳ אֱ לֹהֶ ָיך בֵּרַ כְךָ . לְפִ יכָךְ לֹא ִּכְ ּפוּ ֶ ת ָטוֹבתוֹ ַ הוֹרׁ ְ ש ִּ תי מִ ּפְֵי ּבְֵי לוֹט וְ ׁהוֹשַבְ ִּתים ַּחְ ָּ ם: (ללן פסוק ה): ְַרְ וֹת ּכְאִ ּוּ  ֶּ ַם עֲִיִּ ים, ּ ֶָא הַרְ וּ עַצְמְכֶ ם ֲﬠׁ ִש ִירים: יא-יב ׀ רְ פָאִ ים יֵחָשׁ ְ ּבו וְ גוֹ׳. רְפָאִ ים הָ יוּ ֶחְ ׁשָבִ ין ָ וֹם ה ׀ ﬠַ ד מִדְרַ ךְ כַּ ף רָגֶל. (ֲפִ ּלוּ ּכְ דֵ י מִדְרַךְ ַּ כף רֶגֶל), [ ְּכ ַ לוֹמר ח ׀ וַנֵּפֶ ן וַנַּﬠֲ בֹר. לְצַד צָפוֹן, הָפַכְ נוּ ּפִָים לֲַ לֹךְ רוּח אֵמִ ים, ּכַעֲָקִ ים הַ ִּקְרִָ ים רְפָאִ ים, עַ  ׁ ֵ שם ׁ ֶ ש ָּ כל הָ ֶ רוֹאה אֲפִ ּלוּ ּדְרִ ַ יסת הָרֶג ֵֶ יִי מַרְ ׁ ֶ שה ָכֶ ם לַעֲ בֹר ּבְאַרְצָ ם ׁ ֶ ש ֹּא מִ זְרָחִ י: ָ אוֹם יָדָ יו מְִרַ ּפוֹ: אֵמִ ים. עַ ל ׁ ֵ שם ׁשֶאֵ ימָָ ם מֻ ֶּ טלֶת ּבִרְ ׁשוּת — רבינו שמעיה העיד: "רבי וה גיה"]. וּמִדְרַ ׁש עַ ל הַ ּבְרִ יּוֹ. וְכֵ ן: "וּבְשֵׂעִ יר ׁ ְיָשבוּ הַ חֹרִ ים" וּְַ ִּתים לִבְֵי אַ ּגָדָ ה, עַ ד ׁ ֶ שיָּבוֹא יוֹם ּדְרִ ַ יסת ַּ כף רֶגֶל עַ ל הַ ר הַ זֵּ ִיים, ט ׀ וְאַ ל תִּתְ גָּ ר בָּ ם. לֹא ָסַ ר לֶָ ם עַ ל ָ מוֹאב ֶ ּלָא ֵﬠשָׂ ו: יִירָשׁ וּם. לְ ׁשוֹן הֹוֶה, ְּכ ַ לוֹמר ָַ ִּ תי ּבָהֶ ם ּכֹח ׁ ֶ שיִּהְ יוּ ׁ ֶ ש ֶּאֱמַ ר: "וְעָמְ דוּ רַגְלָיו״ וְגוֹ׳ (זכריה יד, ד): יְרֻ ׁ ָּ שה לְﬠֵשָׂ ו. מִ ְחָמָ ה, ֲבָ ל מְ יָרְִ ים הָ יוּ וֹָ ם וְִרְִ ים ָֶ ם ְּ כׁשֶהֵ ם מְ זֻיּִָים, ְפִיכָךְ ּכְתִ יב: "וַיָּגָר ָ מוֹאב מִ ּפְֵי הָעָ ם" (במדבר כב, ִמוֹר ׁ ִישים וֹָ ם וְהוֹלְכִ ים:

957

DISCUSSION Book of Deuteronomy | Chapter 2 | Devarim

children of Esau did not entirely destroy the Horites, as they in- populated by the Refaim, who were a people great, and nu- termingled with them.27 Th e children of Esau were the de facto merous, and tall as the giants; but the Lord destroyed rulers of Se’ir, while the Horites cooperated and maintained them,D the Refaim, from before them, the Amonites, the de- cordial relations with them. scendants of Lot, and they took possession from them, and 13 Now that you have approached the Land of Israel, rise, and sett led in their place, cross the Zered Ravine.B Th is ravine was perhaps named for 22 as He did for the children of Esau, who live in Se’ir, that He its trees or shrubbery [zeradim].28 And we crossed the Zered destroyed the Horites from before them and they took pos- Ravine. Th is was the point of transition from the Israelites’ session from them, and sett led in their place until this day. wandering in the wilderness to their arrival at the border of the Since Canaan serves as a crossing point for other regions, there Promised Land. have always been nations that spoke diff erent languages, living 14 Th e days that we went from Kadesh Barnea, until we crossed in close proximity to this land. Like the Refaim, the Horites, the Zered Ravine, were thirty-eight years, as we waited until who were apparently originally from Asia Minor, lived on the the demise of the entire generation, all those who had been eastern side of the Jordan River until the arrival of the descen- counted in the fi rst census as the men of war, males who were dants of Esau. between ages twenty and sixty at the time. Eventually, all those 23 Similar to the previous verse, this verse is not directly related men passed away from the midst of the camp, as the Lord to the narrative at hand, as it describes ancient demographic swore to them. and historical shift s. As for the Avim, who lived in unwalled 15 Th e hand of the Lord, divine intervention, was also among cities until Gaza, a coastal region in the southern part of the them, to destroy them from the midst of the camp, until land, Kaft orim, who emerged from Kaft or,B the island of their demise. Th irty-eight years would not have been enough Crete, destroyed them, and sett led in their place.D Th e for them all to die of natural means, and therefore God acceler- Philistines, who sett led this coastal area, were descendants of ated the process. the Kaft orim.30 16 It was when all the men of war concluded to die from among 24 Aft er this historical and geographical description, God com- the people, that the great journey to enter the land began, as mands: Rise, and travel, and cross the Arnon Ravine; see, 17 the Lord spoke to me, saying: I have placed Sihon, king of Heshbon, the Emorite, and 18 You are passing today the border of Moav, Ar; his land in your hand; begin taking possession, and pro- 19 you will approach opposite the children of Amon; do not voke war with him. Th e Edomites, descendants of Esau, and besiege them and do not provoke them to batt le,29 as I will the Moavites and Amonites, descendants of Lot, came from not give you from the land of the children of Amon as a pos- the same family as the patriarchs of Israel. Due to the oath to session; because to the children of Lot I have given it as a Abraham and his family, these nations also inherited portions possession, in Abraham’s merit. on the eastern side of the Jordan River. Consequently, the 20 It, too, the land of the descendants of Amon, is considered children of Israel were warned not to att ack them. However, a land of Refaim, as Refaim lived in it previously, and the this warning does not apply to Israel att acking other nations, Amonites call them, those people, Zamzumim. and therefore the children of Israel were permitt ed and com- 21 Th e lands on the eastern side of the Jordan River were once manded to begin inheriting the land of Sihon.

DISCUSSION 2:21 | The Lord destroyed them: Even many far smaller than they were. However, perhaps places, the Torah emphasizes that God moves years after these large men had ceased to exist, they were destroyed because they were scat- nations and kingdoms. Not only does Israel, their very mention was enough to instill fear in tered over a large area (see verse 11; Numbers with its unique mission, undergo travels, but people. It is unclear how numerous the Refaim 13:33, 21:34). also other nations are transported from place were, and it is possible that in actual fact they 2:23 | Destroyed them, and settled in their to place. Their ability to remain settled in one were not exceptionally powerful. After all, they place: In contrast to the conventional wisdom region depends upon the grace of God (see were destroyed by people who were physically of ancient times, that all peoples are set in their Amos 9:7–9).

958 ספר דברים | פרק ב | דברים

יג יד יג ﬠַתָּ֗ ה קֻ֛ ּמו וﬠִבר֥ וּ לָכֶ ֖ם אֶ ַ ת־נ֣חַ ל זָ ֑רֶ ד וַ ֽנַּ ֽﬠֲב֖ ֹר אֶ ַ ת־נ֥חַ ל זרֶ ד׃ יד והַ יָּמִ֞ ים אֲשׁ ֶ ר־הָלַ ֣כ ּנו ׀ מִקָּדֵ ֣שׁ בַּר נֵ֗ﬠ ﬠַ ֤ד אֲשׁ ֶ ר־ﬠָבַ֙רּ נו אֶ ַ ת־נ֣חַ ל זֶ֔רֶ ד שׁ  לֹשׁ ִ֥ ים וּשׁ  מֹנֶ ֖ה שׁ ָ נָ ֑ה ﬠַ ּ֨ ד־תֹם כּ ל־

טו הַ דּ֜ וֹר אַ נשׁ ֵ ֤י הַמִּלחָמָ ה מִקֶּ ֣רֶ ב הַ ֽמַּ ֽחֲ נֶ֔ ה כַּ ֽאֲשׁ ֶ ֛ר נִשׁ בַּ ֥ע ֖ יהוה לָהֶ ֽם׃ טו וגַ ֤ם יַ דיהוה

טז הָ ֣יתָ ה בָּ֔ ם להֻמָּ ֖ם מִקֶּ ֣רֶ ב הַ ֽמַּ ֽחֲ נֶ ֑ה ﬠַ ֖ד תֻּמָּ ֽם׃ טז וַ יהִ֨ י כַ ֽאֲשׁ ֶ ר־תַּ֜מּ וּ כּ ַ ל־אנשׁ ֵ ֧י הַמִּלחָמָ ֛ה יז יח לָמ֖ וּת מִקֶּ֥ רֶ ב הָﬠָ ֽם׃ יז וַ ידַ בֵּ ֥ר ֖ יהוה אֵַ ֥י לֵ ֽ אמֹר׃ יח אַתָּ֨ ה עֹבֵ ֥ר הַ יּ֛וֹם

יט אֶ תגּב֥ וּל ָ מוֹא֖ב אֶ ָ ֽתﬠר׃ יט וקרַ בתָּ֗ מ֚ וּל בּ נֵ ֣י ﬠַמּ֔ וֹן אַ ּ ל־תצֻרֵ ֖ ם ואַ ל־תִּת גָּ ֣ר בָּ ֑ם כִּ֣י

כ לֽ ֹ ֶ א־אתֵּ֠ ן מֵאֶ֨רֶ ץ בּ נֵ ֽי־ﬠַמּ֤ וֹן לךָ ירֻשָּׁ֔ ה כִּ֥י לִב נֵ ֖ילוֹט נתַתִּ֥ ָיה ירֻשָּׁ ֽה׃ כ אֶ ֽרֶ  ץרפָאִ֥ ים כא תֵּ ֽחָשׁ ֵ ֖ב אַ ִ֑ף־הוא ר פָאִ ֤ים יָ ֽשׁ  ּבו־בָהּ  לפָנִ֔ים והָ ֣ﬠַמּ ֹנִ֔ים יִקר א֥ וּ לָהֶ ֖ם זַמ זֻמִּֽ ים׃ ﬠַ ֣ם כב גָּד֥ וֹל ורַ ֛ ב וָרָ ֖ ם כַּ ֽﬠֲנָקִ֑ ים וַ יַּשׁ  מִ ֵ יד֤ם יהוה מִ ּפנֵ ֶ֔ יהם וַ יִּֽירָשׁ ֻ ֖ ם וַ יֵּ ֽשׁ ב֥ וּ תַ חתָּ ֽ ם׃ כַּ ֽאֲשׁ ֶ ֤ר ﬠָשָׂ ה לִב נֵ ֣י ﬠֵשָׂ֔ ו הַ יֹּֽשׁ בִ֖ים בּשֵׂﬠִ֑יר אֲשׁ ֶ֨ ר הִשׁ מִ ֤יד אֶ ַ תהֽחֹרִ י מִ ּפנֵ ֶ֔ יהם וַ יִּֽירָשׁ ֻ ם וַ יֵּ ֽשׁ ב֣ וּ כג תַ חתָּ֔ ם ﬠַ ֖ד הַ יּ֥וֹם הַ זֶּ ֽה׃ והָ ֽﬠַ וִּ֛ים הַ יֹּֽשׁ בִ֥ים בַּ ֽחֲ צֵרִ֖ ים ﬠַ ד־ﬠַזָּ ֑ה כַּפתּ ֹרִ ים הַ יֹּֽצאִ֣ ים כד מִ כַּפתּ֔ ֹר הִשׁ מִ ֻ ֖ ידם וַ יֵּ ֽשׁ ב֥ וּ תַ חתָּ ֽ ם׃ ק֣ וּ ּמו סּע֗ וּ וﬠִב ּ֮רו אֶ ַ ת־נ֣חַ ל אַר נֹן֒ ר אֵ ֣ה נָתַ ֣תִּ י ב יָ ֽד ךָ֠ אֶ ִת־ס ֨ יחֹן מֶ ֽלֶך ־חֶשׁ בּ֧ וֹן הָ ֽאֱ מֹרִ֛ י ואֶ ת־אַר צ֖ וֹ הָחֵ ֣ל רָ ֑שׁ והִת גָּ ֥ר בּ֖ וֹ מִלחָמָ ֽה׃

רש״י

טו ׀ הָ יְתָ ה בָּ ם. לְמַהֵ ר וּלְֻ ָּ מם ְּב ְתוֹך ַרְ ּבָעִ ים ׁשָָ, ׁ ֶ ש ֹּא ִ ּבׁשְבִ יל יִשְׂרֵָ ל: אַ נְשׁ ֵ י הַמִּלְחָמָ ה. מִ ֶ ּבן ֶﬠשְׂרִ ים ׁשָָ הַ יּוֹצְאִ ים כג ׀ וְהָﬠַ וִּ ים הַ יֹּשׁ ְ בִ ים בַּחֲ צֵרִ ים וְ גוֹ׳. עַ וִּים מִ ּפְלִ ׁ ְ ש ִּתים הֵ ם, יִגְרְ מוּ לִבְֵ ֶ יהם עוֹד לִְְעַ ֵּ כב ַ ּב ּמִדְ ָ ּבר: ַ ּב ּצָבָ א: ׁשֶעִ ּמָהֶ ם הֵ ם ֶחְ ׁשָבִ ים ּבְסֵפֶ ר יְ ׁהוֹשֻע , ׁ ֶ ש ֶּאֱמַ ר: "חֲמֵ ׁ ֶ שת סַרְֵי טז-יז ׀ וַיְהִ י כַאֲשׁ ֶ ר תַּמּ וּ וְ גוֹ׳ וַיְדַ בֵּ ר ה׳ אֵלַ יוְ גוֹ׳. ֲבָ ל מִ ִּׁ ש ּלוּח יח-יט ׀ אַתָּ ה עֹבֵ ר הַ יּוֹם אֶ ת גְּ בוּל ָ מוֹאב. ֶ ל 'מוּל ּבְֵי פְ ִ ׁ ְ ש ִּתים הָעַ זָּתִ י וְהָאַ ׁ ְ ש ּד ִ וֹדי הָאֶ ׁשְקְ לוֹִי הַ ּג ִּ ִתי וְהָעֶקְ רוֹִי הַמְרַ ּגְלִ ים עַ ד ָּכאן לֹא ֶאֱמַ ר 'וַיְדַ ֵ ּבר' ּבְפָרָ ׁ ָ שה זוֹ ֶ ּלָא עַ ּמוֹן', מִ ָּכאן ׁשֶאֶרֶ ץ עַ ּמוֹן לְצַד צָפוֹן: וְהָעַ וִּים" (יהושע יג, ג), ִ וּמ ּפְֵי הַ ְּׁש ָ בוּע ׁ ֶ ש ִ ּׁ ְ ש ַ ּבע ַבְרָהָ ם לַאֲבִ ֶ ימלֶךְ לֹא יָכְ לוּ יִשְׂר ֵָ לְ ִוֹצי ַרְצָ ם מִ יָּדָ ם, וְהֵבֵ ִ אתי 'וַיֹּ ֶ מר', לְַ ּמֶדְךָ ׁ ֶ ש ָּ כל ׁ ְ שִֹׁשים ׁ ְ וּשמֶֹ ׁשָָ ׁשֶהָ יוּ יִשְׂרֵָ ל כ ׀ אֶרֶ ץ רְ פָאִ ים תֵּחָשׁ ֵ ב. ֶרֶ ץ רְפָאִ ים ֶחְ ׁשֶבֶ ת ַ ף הִ י עֲלֵ ֶ יהם ּכַפְ ּתוֹרִ ים וְהִ ׁשְמִ ידוּם ׁ ְוְיָשבוּ ַּחְ ָּ ם, וְעַכְ ׁ ָשיו  ֶּ ַם ְ ִזוּפים, לֹא ִְ יַחֵ ד עִ ּמוֹ הַ ִ ּד ּבוּר ּבִלְ ׁשוֹן חִ ָ ּבה ּפִָים ֶ ל ּפִָים ְפִ י ׁשֶהָרְפָאִ ים ׁ ְיָשבוּ ָ ּב ּה לְפִָים, ֲבָ ל לֹא זוֹ הִ י ׁ ֶ ש ָַּ ִּ תי מֻ ָּרִ ים לְקַחְ ָּ  ּה מִ יָּדָ ם: ּׁוְיִשוּב, לְלַ ּמֶדְךָ ׁשֶאֵ ין הַ ּׁשְכִ יָ ׁש ָ וֹרה עַ  הַ ְּנבִ ִיים ֶ ּלָא ְאַבְרָהָ ם:

BACKGROUND 2:13 | Zered Ravine: Many researchers iden- or another wadi that flows near Aroer (Elitzur). not pronounce the sound “r.” The residents of tify this with Wadi al-Hisa, which flows to the 2:23 | Kaftor: This is the name for Crete in early this island were called Philistines (Ezekiel 25:16; south end of the Dead Sea, and forms the bor- documents (see also Amos 9:7; Jeremiah 47:4). Zephaniah 2:5). Historical sources indicate that der between the mountains of Moav and the Some maintain that this is the place called Keftiu some of the nations whom the Egyptians called mountains of Edom. Others claim that it is one in Egyptian sources dating from the second mil- Sea Peoples were foreign invaders, descendants of the wadis in northeast Moav, which lead to lennium BCE, perhaps because Egyptians did of the Cretans who came to the land of Canaan. the Arnon Ravine, , either Wadi al-Dik

959

DISCUSSION Book of Deuteronomy | Chapter 2 | Devarim

25 From this day onward I will begin to place terror of you and fear of you upon the peoples under all the heavens, who will hear your reputation and will tremble, and be in trepidation because of you. Until now, the children of Israel were considered by other peoples as an almost mythical nation of nomads, about whom they related miraculous stories from forty years earlier. Now this nation would become a real threat. 26 I sent messengers from the wilderness of Kedemot, in the east [kedem], to Sihon, king of Heshbon, with words of peace, saying: Although God had told Moses that the chil- dren of Israel would have to wage war against Sihon, Moses nevertheless sent a message of peace. Th is gesture highlights the value of att empting dialogue before waging war.31 Similarly, the Rambam writes that one does not wage war, whether an optional or a compulsory war, without fi rst extending an off er of peace.32 27 Let me pass through your land, and I promise that I will go only on the main path, I will not diverge to the sides, right or left . 28 As in the case of the children of Esau (:), Israel proposes: You will sell me food for silver, and I will eat, and you will give me water for silver, and I will drink; only let me pass on my feet. All we ask is for permission to pass through your ter- ritory; we guarantee not to cause any damage to the surround- Wars against Sihon and Og ings, the people, or the animals. Furthermore, you will profi t from the arrangement, as we will pay for anything we eat, 29 like the children of Esau, who live in Se’ir, and the Moavites, 32 Sihon came out to war toward us, he and his entire people, B who live in Ar, did for me. Th e children of Israel did not pass to Yahatz. through Se’ir or Moav. Rather, this is apparently a reference to 33 Th e Lord our God delivered him before us and we smote the commercial ties that they maintained with these nations. him, and his sons, who were also prominent individuals or With regard to Moav, see Numbers :–; it is possible that warriors, and his entire people. there was a similar arrangement with Edom.33 Israel adds: I re- 34 We captured all his cities at that time, and we destroyed the quest this assistance only until I will cross the Jordan into the men of every inhabited city, and also the women, and the land that the Lord our God is giving us. children. We took everything, and we left no remnant from 30 But Sihon, king of Heshbon, was unwillingD to let us pass its inhabitants. through it, his land, for the Lord your God hardened his 35 Only the animals we looted for ourselves, and the spoils of spirit, and made his heart obstinate, in order to deliver him the cities that we captured. into your hand, like this day. 36 We conquered all the cities from Aroer, which is on the 31 Th e Lord said to me: See, I have begun delivering before northern edge of the Arnon Ravine, and the city that is in B Sixth you Sihon and his land; begin taking possession of his land the ravine until the Gilad, far to the north of Aroer. Th ere aliya without delay. was no city that was too high for us, or too strong for us to conquer; everything, the Lord our God delivered before us.

DISCUSSION 2:30 | But Sihon, king of Heshbon, was un- his importance lay in his protection of the res- allow passage through their land, the children willing: It is possible that Sihon was a border idents of Canaan from invaders from the east of Israel circumvented Edom, and the same hap- ruler, a leader charged with defending the (see Bemidbar Rabba 19:29; Tanĥuma, Hukat 52; pened with Moav and Amon. Sihon might have boundaries of the land of Canaan against in- Rashi, Numbers 21:23). Furthermore, it is possible thought that if he responded in the negative to filtrators from the wilderness, as would occa- that Sihon’s refusal stemmed from an assump- Israel’s request and gathered his army as a deter- sionally happen (see Judges 6:1–6). Although tion that the children of Israel would respond as rent, he would be treated likewise. However, in Sihon is presented as a great ruler, his land they did to earlier refusals from other nations. this case God did not grant him immunity from was not well populated like Canaan; rather, When the Edomites, for example, refused to attack.

960 ספר דברים | פרק ב | דברים

כה הַ יּ֣וֹם הַ זֶּ֗ה אָחֵ ל תֵּ ֤ת ּפַח דּ ךָ ו יִר אָ ֣ת ךָ֔ ﬠַ ּל־פנֵי הָ ֽﬠַמִּ֔ ים תַּ ֖חַ ת כּ ל־הַשָּׁמָ ֑יִם אֲשׁ ֶ ֤ר כו יִשׁ מ עוּן שׁ ִמﬠֲךָ֔ ורָ ֽגז֥וּ וחָל֖ וּ מִ ּפָנֶ ֽ ָ יך׃ וָ ֽאֶשׁ לַ ֤ח מַלאָ כִ ים מִמִּד בַּ ֣ר קדֵ מ֔ וֹת אֶ ִלס ֖יחוֹן כז מֶ ֣לֶך חֶשׁ בּ֑ וֹן דִּ ברֵ ֥ י שׁ ָל֖ וֹם לֵ ֽ אמֹר׃ אֶ ﬠבּרָ ֣ ה באַר צֶ֔ךָ בַּדֶּ ֥רֶ ך בַּדֶּ ֖רֶ ך אֵלֵ ֑ך ל֥ ֹא אָס֖ וּר כח יָמִ֥ ין וּשׂמֽ ֹאול׃ א֣ ֹכֶ ל בַּכֶּ ֤סֶ ף תַּשׁ בִּרֵ ֙ נִי ואָ כַ֔לתִּ י וּמַ ֛יִם בַּכֶּ ֥סֶ ף תִּ תֶּ ןלִ֖י ושׁ ָתִ֑ ִ יתי רַ ֖ ק כט אֶ ﬠבּרָ ֥ ה ברַ גלָ ֽי׃ כַּ ֽאֲשׁ ֶ֨ ר ﬠָ ֽשׂ וּ ִ֜ ־לי בּ נֵ ֣י ﬠֵשָׂ֗ ו הַ יֹּֽשׁ בִ ים בּשֵׂﬠִ֔ יר והַמּ֣ וֹאָבִ֔ ים הַ יֹּֽשׁ בִ֖ים בּﬠָ ֑ר ﬠַ ֤ד אֲשׁ ֶ ֽ ֶ ראֽﬠֱ בֹר אֶ ַ תהיַּר דֵּ֔ ן אֶ להָאָ֕רֶ ץ אֲשׁ ֶ ֥ ריהוה אֱ לֹהֵ ֖ ּינו נֹתֵ ֥ ן לָ ֽנוּ׃ ל ול֣ ֹא אָבָ֗ ה סִ יחֹן מֶ ֣לֶך חֶשׁ בּ֔ וֹן הַ ֽﬠֲבִרֵ ֖ ּנו בּ֑ וֹ כִּֽי־הִקשׁ ָ ה יהו֨ה אֱ לֹהֶ֜ ָיך אֶ תרוּח֗ וֹ ואִמֵּ ץ לא אֶ תלבָב֔ וֹ למַ ֛ﬠַ ן תִּתּ֥ וֹ ב יָ ֽד ךָ ֖ כַּ יּ֥וֹם הַ זֶּ ֽה׃ וַ יֹּ֤ ֶ אמר יהוה אֵלַ֔ י ר אֵ֗ ה ג ששי לב הַ ֽחִ ֙ ּלֹתִ י תֵּ ֣ ת לפָנֶ֔ ָיך אֶ ִת־ס ֖ יחֹן ואֶ ת־אַר צ֑ וֹ הָחֵ ֣ל רָ ֔שׁ לָרֶ ֖שׁ ֶ ת אֶ ת־אַר צֽ וֹ׃ וַ יֵּצֵ א סִ ֨ יחֹן לג לִקרָ ֵ֜את ּנו ה֧ וּא וכ ל־ﬠַמּ֛ וֹ לַמִּלחָמָ ֖ה יָ ֽה צָ ה׃ וַ ֽיִּתּ נֵ ֛ ּהו ֥ יהוה אֱ לֹהֵ ֖ ּינו לפָנֵ ֑ ּינו וַנַּ ֥ך אֹת֛ וֹ לד ואֶ ָּ ת־בנָ ֖ו ואֶ ּת־כל־ﬠַמּֽ וֹ׃ וַנִּלכּ֤ ֹד אֶ ּת־כל־ﬠָרָ יו בָּﬠֵ ֣ת הַהִ֔ וא וַ ֽנַּ ֽחֲרֵ ם אֶ ּת־כ ִ֣ל־ﬠיר לה מתִ֔ ם והַ נָּשׁ ִ֖ ים והַ ָּ ט֑ף ל֥ ֹא הִשׁ אַ ֖ר ּנו שָׂ רִֽ יד׃ רַ ֥ ק הַבּהֵמָ ֖ה בָּ זַ֣ז ּנו לָ ֑ ּנו וּשׁ לַ ֥ל הֶ ֽﬠָרִ֖ ים לו אֲשׁ ֶ ֥ר לָכָ ֽד נוּ׃ מֵ ֽﬠֲ רֹﬠֵ֡ ר אֲשׁ ֶ ר ﬠַ ל־שׂפַ ת־נַ֨חַ ל אַר נ֜ ֹן והָﬠִ֨ יר אֲשׁ ֶ ֤ר בַּ נַּ֙חַ ל וﬠַ ַ דהגִּלﬠָ֔ ד ל֤ ֹא הָ ֽיתָ ה קִר יָ֔ה אֲשׁ ֶ ֥ר שָׂ ֽגבָ ֖ה מִמֶּ ֑נּ וּ אֶ ת־הַכּ֕ ֹל נָתַ ֛ ן ֥ יהוה אֱ לֹהֵ ֖ ּינו לפָנֵ ֽינוּ׃

רש״י כה ׀ תַּחַ ת כָּ ל הַ ׁ ּשָמָ יִם. ֵּ לִמד ׁשֶעָמְדָ ה חַ ָּ מה ֶׁ לְמֹשה ְּביוֹם כט ׀ כַּאֲשׁ ֶ ר ﬠָשׂ וּ לִ י בְּ נֵי ﬠֵשָׂ ו. לֹא לְעְִיַן לַעֲ בֹר ּבְאַרְצָ ם, לד ׀ מְתִ ם. ֲָ ׁ ִשים. ּבְבִ זַּת סִ יחוֹן ֶאֱמַ ר: " ָ ּבזַזְ נוּ לָ וּ" (ללן מִ לְחֶמֶ ת עוֹג, וְנוֹדַ ע הַ ּדָבָ ר ַּחַ  ָּ כל הַ ּׁשָמַ יִם: אֶ ּלָא לְעְִיַן מֶכֶ ר ֹכֶ ל ַ וּמיִם: פסוק ל), לְ ׁשוֹן ִ ּבזָּה, ׁשֶהָ יְָ ה חֲבִ ָ יבה עֲלֵ ֶ יהם וּבוֹזְזִים ִ ׁיש לוֹ, ְ וּכׁ ֶ ש ָּבאוּ לְבִ זַּת עוֹג ּכְבָ ר הָ יוּ שְׂבֵעִ ים ְ וּמלֵאִ ים, וְהָ יְָ ה כו ׀ מִמִּדְ בַּ ר קְדֵ מוֹת. ַ ף עַ ל ִּ פי ׁ ֶ ש ּלֹא צִ ַוּִי הַ ָּמקוֹם לִקְ רֹ לב ׀ וַיֵּצֵ א סִ יחֹן. לֹא ׁ ָ שלַח ִ ּבׁשְבִ יל עוֹג לַעֲ זֹר לוֹ, ּלְלַמֶדְךָ ְּבזוּיָה ּבְעֵ ֵי ֶ יהם וּמְקָ רְעִ ין ַ וּמׁ ְ שלִ ִיכין ּבְהֵמָ ה ְ וּבגָדִ ים, ִּ כי לְסִ יחוֹן לְ ׁ ָשלוֹם, לָמַדְ ִּ י מִ ּמִדְ ַ ּבר סִ יַי, מִ ן הַ ּת ָ וֹרה ׁ ֶ ש ּקָדְמָ ה ׁ ֶ ש ּלֹא הָ יוּ צְרִיכִ ים זֶה לָזֶה: אִ ם ּכֶסֶ ף וְזָהָ ב, לְכָךְ ֶאֱמַ ר: " ַ ּבזּוֹנוּ לָ וּ" (ללן ג, ז), לְ ׁשוֹן לָ ָ עוֹלם, ְּ כׁ ֶ ש ָ ּבא הַ ָּק ׁדוֹש ָּב ְרוּך הוּא לִ ָְּ ּ לְיִשְׂרֵָ ל חִ זֵּר לג ׀ וְאֶ ת בָּ נָ ו. ' ְּבוֹ' ּכְתִ יב, ׁשֶהָ יָה לוֹ ֵ ּבן ִ ּג ּבוֹר ְּ כמוֹתוֹ: ִ ּבזָּיוֹן. ּכָךְ ִדְרָ ׁש ּבְסִפְרֵ י ּבְפָרָ ׁ ַ שת ' ׁ ֶ וַיֵּשב יִשְׂרֵָ ל ַ ּבִּׁ ש ִּטים' ָ אוֹת ּה עַ ל ֵﬠשָׂ ו ׁוְיִשְמָעֵ אל, וְגָלוּי לְפָָיו ׁ ֶ ש ּלֹא יְקַ ְ ּבלוּהָ וְאַ ף (ספרי במדבר קלא): עַ ל ִּ פי כֵ ן ּפָתַ ח לֶָ ם ְ ּבׁ ָשלוֹם, ַ ף ֲִי קִ ּדַמְ ִּ תי ֶ ת סִ יחוֹן ּבְדִבְרֵ י ׁ ָשלוֹם:

BACKGROUND 2:32 | Yahatz: This later became a Levite city, of 2:36 | The city that is in the ravine: A similar However, it is unclear whether this was an inde- the family of Merari, in the portion of Reuben expression appears elsewhere in the Bible. In pendent settlement whose precise location is (see Joshua 13:18; I Chronicles 6:63). It is also Joshua 13:9, “the city that is within the ravine” currently unknown, whether it was part of Aroer, mentioned in the Mesha Inscription, ninth cen- is mentioned as a point along the border be- or if it was an isolated fortress. tury BCE. The identity of Yahatz is uncertain. tween the tribal territories of Gad and Reuben.

961 Book of Deuteronomy | Chapter 3 | Devarim

37 Only to the land of the children of Amon you did not ap- 9 Th e chapter adds a comment on Hermon, the most prominent proach, all the area adjacent to the Yabok Ravine, and the mountain range south of Lebanon: Sidonians, who lived on cities of the highlands, and everywhere that the Lord our the other side of the mountain, would call Hermon Siryon, God had commanded us. Th e children of Israel fought Sihon, and the Emorites would call it Senir.D whose kingdom encompassed a large territory which reached 10 All the cities of the plain, and all the Gilad, and all the until the border of Amon, but they were careful not to encroach Bashan, until SalkaB and Edre’i, cities of the kingdom of Og upon the territory of Amon. in the Bashan. 3 1 We turned, and went up northward via the Bashan, to the 11 As only Og, king of the Bashan, remained from the rest of northeast of the Sea of Galilee; and Og, king of the Bashan, the Refaim who once dwelled on the eastern side of the Jordan came out toward us, he and his entire people, to war at the River, most of whom had died (see :). Behold, his bedD city of Edre’i. It is possible that any turn to the north is called was a bed of iron, which was unusual at that time. It was made an ascent in the Bible.34 of iron because Og was exceptionally large and heavy.37 Th is bed 2 Th e Lord said to me: Do not fear him as I have delivered survived and was transferred over time; isn’t it in Raba of the him and his entire people and his land into your hand; you children of Amon? Nine cubits is its length, and four cubits shall do to him as you did to Sihon, king of the Emorites, its width, by the cubit of a man. Since the height of an aver- who lives in Heshbon. age individual is three to four cubits,38 one whose bed measures 3 Th e Lord our God also delivered into our hand Og, king of nine cubits in length is indeed a giant. Bashan, and all his people; and we smote him until we left him no remnant. 4 We took all his cities at that time; there was no city in that entire region that we did not take from them, including35 the sixty cities comprising the entire region of Argov, the king- dom of Og in the Bashan. Th e precise location of the region of Argov is unknown. Its name possibly derives from the term for a clod [regev] of dirt, or a den [gov] of a lion [arye].36 5 All these were strong, fortifi ed cities, surrounded by a high wall, with gates and a bar, besides the very many smaller, un- walled cities that we conquered. 6 We destroyed them, as we did to Sihon, king of Heshbon, destroying every inhabited city, the women, and the children. 7 But all the animals, and the spoils of the cities, we looted for ourselves. 8 We took, at that time, the land from the hand of the two kings of the Emorites, Sihon and Og, that were beyond the Mount Hermon Jordan, from the Arnon Ravine until Mount Hermon.

DISCUSSION BACKGROUND 3:9 | Sidonians would call Hermon Siryon, and had their own names for it is indicative of 3:10 | Salka: A city in the territory of the half of and the Emorites would call it Senir: The the mountain’s regional significance. Mount the tribe of Manasseh that settled on the eastern verse provides references to Hermon in vari- Hermon serves as a point of reference at the side of the Jordan River. According to I Chronicles ous languages, similar to the manner in which edge of the area conquered by the children 5:11, in practice Salka was inhabited by members it cites different names for the Refaim (see 2:11 of Israel, but it was not actually part of their of the . Salka is identified with the and the commentary ad loc.). The people of inheritance. modern town called Salkhad, which lies near the that generation were already aware of these 3:11 | His bed: Some explain that this is a ref- southern foot of Yaval al-Druze in southern Syria. details, but they are mentioned due to their erence to Og’s cradle as a baby, which means importance for later generations. The fact that that he was far larger when fully grown (see different nations dwelled in or near the Hermon Rashbam).

962 ספר דברים | פרק ג | דברים

לז רַ ֛ ק אֶ ֶ לא֥רֶ ץ בּ נֵ ֽיﬠַמּ֖ וֹן ל֣ ֹא קָרָ ֑בתָּ כּ ליַ֞ד נַ ֤חַ ל יַבּ ֹק וﬠָרֵ ֣ י הָהָ֔ ר וכ֥ ֹל אֲשׁ ֶ ִ רצוָּ ֖ה ג א ֥ יהוה אֱ לֹהֵ ֽינוּ׃ וַנֵּ ֣פֶ ן וַנַּ֔ﬠַ ל דֶּ ֖רֶ ך הַבָּשׁ ָ ֑ן וַ יֵּצֵ ֣א עוֹג מֶ ֽלֶך ־הַבָּשׁ ָ֨ ן לִקרָ ֵ֜את ּנו ה֧ וּא וכ ל־ ב ﬠַמּ֛ וֹ לַמִּלחָמָ ֖ה אֶדרֶ ֽﬠִ י׃ וַ יּ֨ ֹ ֶ אמר ֤ יהוה אֵלַ י אַ ִּל־ת ָ ֣ ירא אֹת֔ וֹ כִּ֣י ב יָ ֽד ךָ֞ נָתַ ֧תִּ י אֹת֛ וֹ ואֶ ּת־כל־ﬠַמּ֖ וֹ ואֶ ת־אַר צ֑ וֹ וﬠָשִׂ֣ ָית ֔ ּוֹ כַּ ֽאֲשׁ ֶ ֣ר ﬠָשִׂ֗ ָית לסִ יחֹן מֶ ֣לֶך הָ ֽאֱ מֹרִ ֔ י אֲשׁ ֶ ֥ר ג ׁ ֵ יוֹש֖ב בּחֶשׁ בּֽ וֹן׃ וַ יִּתֵּ ן יהו֨ה אֱ לֹהֵ֜ ּינו בּ יָדֵ֗ ּנו גַּ ֛ם אֶ ֥ת־ﬠוֹג מֶ ֽלֶך ־הַבָּשׁ ָ ֖ן ואֶ ּת־כל־ﬠַמּ֑ וֹ ד וַנַּכֵּ֕ ּהו ﬠַ ד־בִּלתִּ֥ י הִשׁ אִ ֖ יר־לוֹ שָׂרִֽ יד׃ וַנִּלכּ֤ ֹד אֶ ּת־כל־ﬠָרָ יו בָּﬠֵ ֣ת הַהִ֔ וא ל֤ ֹא הָ ֽיתָ ה קִר יָ֔ה אֲשׁ ֶ ֥ר לֽ ֹא־לָקַ ֖ ח ּנו מֵ ֽאִתָּ ֑ ם שׁ ִשִּׁ֥ ים ﬠִ יר כּ ֶ ל־ח֣בֶ ל אַר גּ֔ ֹב מַמלֶ ֥כֶ ת ﬠ֖ וֹג ה בַּבָּשׁ ָ ֽן׃ כּ ֵ֜ לא ֶּ לה ﬠָרִ ֧ ים בּצֻר֛ ֹת ָ חוֹמ֥ה ג בֹהָ ֖ה דּ לָתַ ֣יִם וּברִ֑ יח לבַ ֛ד מֵ ֽﬠָרֵ ֥ י הַ ּפרָ זִ֖י ו ַר בֵּ ֥ה מאֽ ֹד׃ וַנַּֽחֲרֵ ֣ ם ָ֔ אוֹתם כַּ ֽאֲשׁ ֶ ֣ר ﬠָשִׂ֔ ּינו לסִ ֖ יחֹן מֶ ֣לֶך חֶשׁ בּ֑ וֹן הַ ֽחֲרֵ ם כּ ִ֣לﬠיר ז ח מתִ֔ ם הַ נָּשׁ ִ֖ ים והַ ָּ ֽטף׃ וכ להַבּהֵמָ ֛ה וּשׁ לַ ֥ל הֶ ֽﬠָרִ֖ ים בַּ זּ֥ ּוֹנו ָ ֽנוּ׃ וַנִּקַּ֞ ח בָּﬠֵ ֤ת הַהִ וא אֶ ת־הָאָ֔רֶ ץ מִ יַּ֗ד שׁ  נֵי מַלכֵ ֣י הָ ֽאֱ מֹרִ ֔ י אֲשׁ ֶ ֖ר בּﬠֵ ֣בֶ ר הַ יַּר דֵּ ֑ ן מִ נַּ ֥חַ ל אַר נֹ֖ן ﬠַ ַ ד־ה֥ר ט י חֶר מֽ וֹן׃ צִֽידֹנִ֛ים יִקר א֥ וּ לחֶר מ֖ וֹן שִׂר יֹ֑ן והָ ֣אֱ מֹרִ ֔ י יִקר ּאו ֖ ־לוֹ שׂ נִֽיר׃ כּ֣ ֹל ׀ ﬠָרֵ ֣ י הַמִּ ׁ ֗ ישֹר וכ ַ ל־הגִּלﬠָ ד וכ ל־הַבָּשׁ ָ֔ ן ﬠַ ַ ד־סֽלכָ ֖ה ואֶדרֶ ֑ﬠִ י ﬠָרֵ ֛ י מַמלֶ ֥כֶ ת ﬠ֖ וֹג בַּבָּשׁ ָ ֽן׃ יא כִּ֣י רַ ֞ק־עוֹג מֶ ֶ֣ך הַבָּשׁ ָ֗ ן נִשׁ אַר֮ מִ יֶּ ֣תֶ ר הָ ֽר פָאִ ֒ים הִ נֵּ ֤ה ﬠַר שׂ וֹ ﬠֶ ֣רֶ שׂ בַּר זֶ֔ל הֲל֣ ֹה הִ֔ וא בּרַ בַּ ֖ת בּ נֵ ֣י ﬠַמּ֑ וֹן תֵּ ֧שׁ ַ ע אַמּ֣ וֹת אר כָּ֗הּ ואַר בַּ ֥ע אַמּ֛ וֹת ר חבָּ ֖הּ בּאַמַּ ִֽת־א ׁ יש׃

רש״י

לז ׀ כָּ ל יַד נַחַ ל יַבּ ֹק. ָּ כל ֵצֶל ַחַ ל ּיַבֹק: וְ כֹל אֲשׁ ֶ ר צִ וָּ ה ה׳ וְרִָ ִ יי ַּרְ ּגוּם יְ ׁ ַ רוּשלְמִ י ּבִמְ ּגִַת ֶסְ ֵּ תר (, ג) ֵ קוֹר ט ׀ צִ ידֹנִים יִקְרְ אוּ לְחֶרְ מוֹן וְ גוֹ׳. וּבְמָ קוֹם ַחֵ ר הוּא וֹמֵ ר: אֱ לֹהֵ ּינו. ׁ ֶ ש ּלֹא לִכְ ּבֹׁש, הִ ַּחְ נוּ: ָּ פלָטִ ין — טְ רָ כוֹִין, לָמַדְ ִּ י "חֶבֶ ל ַרְ ּגֹב" — הִ ּפַרְכִיּָ ׁשֶ  "וְעַ ד הַ ר שִׂ יֹן הוּא חֶרְ מוֹן" (ללן ד, מח), הֲרֵ י לוֹ ַרְ ּבָעָ  הֵ ַ יכל הַ ֶּ מלֶךְ , ְּכ ַ וֹמר ׁשֶהַ ַּ מלְ כוּת ִקְרָ  עַ  ׁשְמָ ּה וְכֵ ן: ׁ ֵשמוֹ. לָ ָּ מה הֻצְרְ כוּ לִ ּכֵָ ב? לְַ ִּגיד ׁשֶבַ ח ֶרֶ ץ יִשְׂרֵָ ל, פרק ג "ֶ ת ַרְ ּגֹב" ּדִמְ לָכִ ים (ב׳ טו, כ ,(ֵצֶל הֵיכַ ל הַ ֶּ מלֶךְ הֲרָ גוֹ ׁשֶהָ יוּ ַרְ ַ ּבע מַ ְכֻ יּוֹת מְִ ּפָאֲ רוֹת ּבְכָךְ , זוֹ וֹמֶרֶ  עַ ל ׁשְמִ י א ׀ וַנֵּפֶ ן וַנַּﬠַ ל. ָּ כל לְצַד צָפוֹן עֲלִיָּה הִ י: ּפֶקַ ח לִ [פְקַחְ יָה ֶ ּבן] מְַחֵ ם: ָ ּיִקרֵ , וְזוֹ וֹמֶרֶ  עַ ל ׁשְמִ י ָ ּיִקרֵ : שְׂ נִיר. הוּא ׁ ֶ שֶ ג ּבִלְ ׁשוֹן אַ ׁ ְ ש ּכְַז וּבִלְ ׁשוֹן ּכְַעַ ן: ב ׀ אַ ל תִּ ָ ירא אֹתוֹ. וּבְסִ יחוֹן לֹא הֻצְרַךְ לוֹמַ ר ַ ׳ל ִּ ָ יר ה ׀ מֵﬠָרֵ י הַ ּפְרָ זִי. ְּפרוּזוֹת ְוּפתוּחוֹת ְ ּבלֹא ָ חוֹמה, וְכֵ ן: אֹתוֹ׳, ֶ ּלָא מְִ יָרֵ  הָ יָה ֶׁ מֹשה ׁ ֶ ש ּלֹא ַּעֲ מֹד לוֹ זְכוּת ׁ ֶ שִּׁ ש ֵּ מׁש " ּפְרָ זוֹת ֵּ ׁ ֵ שב ׁ ָ יְרוּשלַ ִם" (זכריה ב, ח): יא ׀ מִ יֶּתֶ ר הָרְ פָאִ ים. ׁשֶהָרְ גוּ ַמְרָפֶ ל וַחֲבֵרָ יו ְ ּב ַﬠׁ ְ ש ְּתרוֹת לְאַבְרָהָ ם, ׁ ֶ ש ֶּאֱמַ ר: "וַיָּבֹא הַ ָּ פלִיט" (ברשי יד, יג) וְהוּא עוֹג: קַ רְַיִם, וְהוּא ָּ פלַט מִ ן הַ ִּ מְחָמָ ה, ׁ ֶ ש ֶּאֱמַ ר: "וַיָּבֹא הַ ָּ פִיט" ו ׀ הַחֲרֵ ם. לְ ׁשוֹן הֹוֶה, הָ ְלוֹך וְכַ ּלוֹ: (ברשי יד, יג), זֶהוּ עוֹג: בְּאַמַּ ת אִישׁ . ּבְאַ ַּ מת עוֹג: ד ׀ חֶבֶ ל אַרְ גֹּב. מְַ רְ ּגְמִ ַּין: " ֵּבי ֶּ פלֶךְ טְ רָ כוֹָא". ח ׀ מִ יַּד. מֵרְ ׁשוּ:

963 Book of Deuteronomy | Chapter 3 | Devarim

12 Th is land we took possession of at that time, from Aroer, which is near the Arnon Ravine, in the south, near Moav, and half of Mount Gilad, and its cities, I gave to the Reubenite and to the Gadite tribes. 13 Th e rest of Gilad, and all the Bashan, which is the kingdom of Og, I gave to half the tribe of Manasseh; the entire re- gion of Argov for the entire Bashan, that would be called the land of Refaim, especially the area of Bashan. 14 Ya’ir son of Manasseh, among others, took the entire re- gion of Argov until the border of the Geshurite and the Maakhatite,B two small kingdoms north of Israel, and he called them aft er his name, the Bashan he called Havvoth Ya’ir, to this day. Seventh 15 To Makhir, a family from the tribe of Manasseh, I gave Gilad aliya as an inheritance. 16 To the Reubenite and to the Gadite I gave from the Gilad until the Arnon Ravine, which included the area within the ravine and around its border, until the Yabok Ravine, the border of the children of Amon. Th e Arnon Ravine is the border of Moav, while the Yabok Ravine is the border of Amon. Th e entire adjacent region was given to the tribes of Reuben and Gad. 17 Th is territory included the Arava, and the Jordan, and its border, its bank. Th e Jordan was included in their land and comprised the western border of the portion of these tribes. From the Sea of Galilee until the sea of the Arava, the Dead Sea, under the waterfalls of the peak to the east, near the Jordan. Alternatively, this last phrase means: Th e streams that fl ow to the Jordan from the east. 18 I commanded you at that time, saying:D Th e Lord, your God, gave you, the tribes of Reuben and Gad and half the tribe of Manasseh, this land to take possession of it; all those mobilized shall pass before your brethren the children of Israel, all those capable men, who are fi t to wage war. 19 Only your wives, and your children, and your livestock, I know that you have much livestock, they shall live in your cities that I gave you on the eastern side of the Jordan River.

Inheritance of the tribes that settled on the eastern side of the Jordan River

DISCUSSION 3:18 | I commanded you at that time, saying: side of the Jordan, that Moses scolded them, or aspects of the debate: His stipulation in the The incident in which the tribes of Reuben and that they suggested going to battle alongside presence of the entire nation, in which he for- Gad received their inheritances is yet another the rest of the nation as a condition for their set- mally authorized these tribes to settle east of example of a story that is retold differently from tlement on the eastern side of the Jordan River. the Jordan, and the fact that this permission is the way it was previously related (Numbers 32). These differences are due to the context. In contingent upon their participation in the up- It is not mentioned here that these tribes re- Moses’ last speech he mentions only the public coming military encounters west of the Jordan. quested to receive their portions on the eastern

964 ספר דברים | פרק ג | דברים

יב ואֶ ת־הָאָ ֧רֶ ץ הַ זֹּ֛את יָרַ ֖שׁ  ּנו בָּﬠֵ ֣ת הַהִ֑וא מֵ ֽﬠֲ רֹﬠֵ֞ ר אֲשׁ ֶ ַר־ﬠ ַ ל־נ֣חַ ל אַר נ֗ ֹן וַ ֽחֲ צִ ֤י הַ ר־ יג הַ גִּלﬠָ ד וﬠָרָ ֔ יו נָתַ֕תִּ י לָרֽ אוּבֵ נִ֖י ולַ גָּדִֽ י׃ ו יֶ֨תֶ ר הַ גִּלﬠָ ֤ד וכ ל־הַבָּשׁ ָ ן מַמלֶ ֣כֶ ת ע֔ וֹג נָתַ֕תִּ י לַ ֽחֲ צִ֖י שׁ ֵ ֣בֶ ט הַ ֽמ נַשֶּׁ ֑ה כּ֣ ֹל חֶ ֤בֶ ל הָ ֽאַר גֹּב לכ ל־הַבָּשׁ ָ֔ ן הַה֥ וּא יִקָּרֵ ֖ א יד אֶ ֥רֶ ץ ר פָאִֽ ים׃ יָאִ֣ יר בֶּ  ן־מנַשֶּׁ֗ ה לָקַ ח אֶ ּת־כ ֶ ל־ח֣בֶ ל אַר ֔ גֹּב ﬠַ ד־גּב֥ וּל הַ גּשׁ וּרִ֖ י והַמַּ ֽﬠֲכָתִ֑ י וַ יִּקרָ א אֹתָ֨ ם ﬠַ ׁ ל־שמ֤ וֹ אֶ ת־הַבָּשׁ ָ ן חַ וֹּ֣ ת יָאִ֔ יר ﬠַ ֖ד הַ יּ֥וֹם הַ זֶּ ֽה׃ טו טז וּלמָ כִ֖יר נָתַ ֥תִּ י אֶ ַ ת־הגִּלﬠָ ֽד׃ ולָרֽ אוּבֵ נִ֨י ולַגָּדִ֜ י נָתַ ֤תִּ י מִ ַ ן־הגִּלﬠָ ד וﬠַ ַ ד־נ֣חַ ל אַר נ֔ ֹן שביעי יז תּ֥ וֹך הַ נַּ ֖חַ ל וּגבֻ֑ל וﬠַ ד יַבּ֣ ֹק הַ נַּ֔חַ ל גּב֖ וּל בּ נֵ ֥י ﬠַמּֽ וֹן׃ והָ ֽﬠֲרָ בָ ֖ה והַ יַּר דֵּ ֣ ן וּגבֻ֑ל מִ כִּנֶּ֗רֶ ת יח וﬠַ֨ ד יָ ֤ם הָ ֽﬠֲרָ בָ ה יָ ֣ם הַמֶּ֔לַ ח תַּ ֛חַ ת אַשׁ  דּ֥ ֹת הַ ּפִס גָּ ֖ה מִ זרָ ֽחָ ה׃ וָ ֽאֲ צַ ֣ו אֶת כֶ֔ ם בָּﬠֵ ֥ת הַהִ֖ וא לֵ ֑ אמֹר ֣ יהוה אֱ לֽ ֹהֵ ֶ֗ יכם נָתַ֨ ן לָכֶ֜ ם אֶ תהָאָ ֤רֶ ץ הַ זֹּ את רִשׁ תָּ֔ הּ יט חֲ לוּצִ֣ים תַּ ֽﬠַבר֗ וּ לִפנֵ ֛י אֲחֵ ֶ יכ֥ם בּ נֵ ֽייִשׂרָ אֵ ֖ כּ ּ לבנֵ ָ יחֽיִל׃ רַ ק נשׁ ֵ ֶ יכ֣ם וטַ ּפכֶם֮ וּמִק נֵכֶם֒ יָדַ֕ﬠתִּ י כִּֽי־מִק נֶ ֥ה רַ ֖ ב לָכֶ ֑ם יֵ ֽשׁ ּ בו בּﬠָ ֣רֵ ֶ֔ יכם אֲשׁ ֶ ֥ ר נָתַ ֖תִּ י לָכֶ ֽם׃

רש״י

יב ׀ וְאֶ ת הָאָרֶ ץ הַ זֹּאת. הָאֲ ָ מוּרה לְמַעְלָ מִ ַּחַ ל ַרְ ֹן יג ׀ הַ הוּא יִקָּרֵ א אֶרֶ ץ רְ פָאִ ים. הִ י ָ וֹת ּה ׁ ֶ ש ָַּ ִּ תי וְעוֹד מֵעֵבֶ ר לִשְׂפָ תוֹ עַ ד ִּ כ ֶּרֶ , וְזֶהוּ ׁ ֶ ש ֶּאֱמַ ר: "וְהַ יַּרְ ֵ ּדן וּגְבֻ ל", וְעַ ד הַ ר חֶ רְ מוֹן (לעיל פסוק ח), "יָרַ ׁ ְשנוּ ּבָעֵ ת הִַ י": לְאַבְרָהָ ם: הַ יַּרְ ֵ ּדן וּמֵעֵבֶ ר וֹ: מֵﬠֲ רֹﬠֵ ר אֲשׁ ֶ ר ﬠַ ל נַחַ ל אַרְ נֹן. ֵ ינוֹ מְחֻ ָ ּבר לְ רֹ ׁשוֹ ׁ ֶ ש טז ׀ תּ ְוֹך הַ נַּחַ ל וּגְבֻ ל. ָּ כל הַ ַּחַ ל וְעַ ד מֵעֵבֶ ר לִשְׂפָ תוֹ, יח ׀ וָאֲ צַ ו אֶתְ כֶ ם. לִבְֵי רְ ֵ וּבן וְגָד הָ יָה מְדַ ֵ ּבר: לִפְנֵי מִקְרָ  ֶ ּלָא ְ סוֹפוֹ, עַ ל "ָַ ִּ תי ָ רוּבִֵי וְלַ ּגָדִ י", ֲבָ  ְּ כלוֹמַ ר, עַ ד וְעַ ד ּבִכְלָל, וְ ֵ יוֹתר מִ ָּכאן: אֲחֵ ֶ יכם. הֵ ם הָ יוּ הוֹלְכִ ים לִפְֵי יִשְׂרֵָ ל לַ ִּ מלְחָמָ ה, לְפִ י ְעְִיַן יְרֻ ָּׁ שה עַ ד הַ ר חֶרְ מוֹן הָ יָה: ׁשֶהָ יוּ ִ ּג ּב ִוֹרים וְאוֹיְבִ ים ְ נוֹפלִ ים לִפְֵ ֶ יהם, ׁ ֶ ש ֶּאֱמַ ר: "וְטָ רַ ף יז ׀ כִּנֶּרֶ ת. מֵעֵבֶ ר הַ יַּרְ ֵ ּדן הַ ּמַעֲרָבִ י הִ י, וְַחֲ לַת ּבְֵי ּגָד זְ רוֹע ַ ף קָדְ קֹד" (דברים לג, כ): מֵעֵבֶ ר הַ יַּרְ ֵ ּדן הַ ִּ מזְרָחִ י, וְָפַ ל ְ ּבגוֹרָָ ם רֹחַ ב הַ יַּרְ ֵ ּדן ְּ כ ֶ ָ ּגְדם

BACKGROUND 3:14 | The Geshurite and the Maakhatite: the Israelite kingdom and the Geshurite king- in Geshur (II Samuel 13:37). The kingdoms of These were Aramean kingdoms in the Golan: dom found expression in the marriage of David Geshur and Maakha are also mentioned in Geshur to the south and Maakha to the north. to Maakha, daughter of the king of Geshur. She Egyptian inscriptions, in the Amarna letters, These kingdoms were not conquered by Joshua bore him his son Avshalom (II Samuel 3:3), who fourteenth century BCE. (Joshua 13:13). The friendly relations between lived for a period of time with his grandfather

965 Book of Deuteronomy | Chapter 3 | Va’ethanan

20 However, you must remember that those fi t for war are obli- Moses refers directly to Joshua. I commanded Joshua at that Maftir gated to go forth in batt le at the vanguard of the army, until time, saying: It is your eyes that have seen everything that the Lord will give rest to your brethren, the other tribes, like the Lord your God has done to these two kings, as they were you, and they too will take possession of the land that the utt erly defeated; so shall the Lord do to all the kingdoms Lord your God is giving them beyond the Jordan, to the that you are crossing there. west. Only then, when the wars are concluded, each man shall 22 Th ere are many more kingdoms on the western side of the return to his possession that I gave and divided among you, Jordan, and the sett led areas there are both larger and more and which awaits you on this side of the Jordan. crowded. Nevertheless, you shall not fear them, as it is the 21 Although Joshua served as one of Moses’ generals,39 Moses Lord your God who makes war for you. personally commanded the batt les against Sihon and Og. Now

Parashat Va’ethanan

The previous parasha concluded with words of encouragement that Moses gave Joshua as the nation prepared Moses and the Land to enter the Land of Israel. Moses continues his address by pleading to God to cancel the decree barring him from DEUTERONOMY 3:2329 entering the land. Despite the personal perspective used by Moses to deliver his speech in the book of Deuteronomy, nearly all of the stories related are not personal in nature, but apply to the entire nation. The following passage, though, is the exception, in which Moses pleads to God to allow him to enter the Land of Israel. Perhaps Moses’ goal in relating this information is to tell the people: I was your leader, I helped to bear your burdens, and even in my old age I fought on your behalf. Nevertheless, I am not permitted to enter the land, but only to view it from afar. You, in contrast, will cross over the Jordan River and enter the land, and you should appreciate the significance of this great privilege.

23 I pleaded with the Lord at that time, when God instructed 25 I accept the fact that I have completed my job, but I request of me to speak to Joshua and prepare the nation to enter the Land You to please, let me cross the Jordan River, and I will see the of Israel, saying: good land that is beyond the Jordan, that good mountain, 24 My Lord God, You began to show Your servant Your great- and until the Lebanon. Please show me the mountainous re- ness and Your mighty hand, through the great miracles per- gion of the Promised Land with its borders.1 formed in Egypt, at the Red Sea, and during the recent con- 26 Th e Lord was irate with me because of you,D or: For your quests; that who is a god in the heavens or on the earth, who benefi t and honor,2 and did not heed me, and the Lord said can perform like Your actions, and like Your mighty deeds? to me: Enough for you, do not continue speaking and pray- I now turn to you with a small request. ing to Me anymore about this matt er. 27 Ascend to the top of the peak, and lift your eyes to the

DISCUSSION 3:26 | Because of you: Moses is not saying was listening to his speech. Rather, Moses is ex- remain with them. While God’s denial of Moses here that God prevented him from entering the plaining that he was prohibited from crossing and Aaron’s entry into the land could have been land due to the incident of the waters of dispute the Jordan River because the people he took linked to a specific transgression, the primary (Numbers 20:9–13), as that could be construed out of Egypt remained on the other side. Since reason presented here for God’s decree is that as an affront to the dignity of the nation, which his flock all perished in the wilderness, he must leaders must remain with their people (see

966 ספר דברים | פרק ג | ואתחנן

כ ﬠַ ד אֲשׁ ֶ ר־יָנִ֨  ֽיח ֥ יהוה ׀ לַ ֽאֲחֵ יכֶם֮ כָּכֶם֒ וירשׁ ֣ וּ גַ ֵ֔ ם־הם אֶ ת־הָאָ֕רֶ ץ אֲשׁ ֶ֨ ר ֧ יהוה אֱלֽ ֹהֵ ֶ יכ֛ם מפטיר כא נֹתֵ ֥ ן לָהֶ ֖ם בּﬠֵ ֣בֶ ר הַ יַּר דֵּ ֑ ן ושׁ ַבתֶּ֗ ם אִ֚ ׁיש לִֽירֻשָּׁת֔ וֹ אֲשׁ ֶ ֥ר נָתַ ֖תִּ י לָכֶ ֽם׃ ואֶ תי ׁ ֣ הוֹשוּﬠ צִ וֵּ֔ ִ יתי בָּﬠֵ ֥ת הַהִ֖ וא ֵ ֑ אמֹר ﬠֵ ֶ ינ֣ ָיך הָ ֽרֹא֗ ֹת אֵ ת כּ ל־אֲשׁ ֶ֨ ר ﬠָשָׂ֜ ה ֤ יהוה אֱלֽ ֹהֵ ֶ יכם לִשׁ  נֵי כב הַמָּכִ֣ים הָאֵ֔ ֶּ לה כֵּ ַ ן־יֽﬠֲשֶׂ ֤ה יהוה לכ ל־הַמַּמלָכ֔ וֹת אֲשׁ ֶ ֥ר אַתָּ ֖ה עֹבֵ ֥ר שׁ ָ ֽמָּ ה׃ ל֖ ֹא תִּֽ ָ ירא֑ וּם ִּ֚ כי ֣ יהוה אֱלֽ ֹהֵ ֶ֔ יכם ה֖ וּא הַ נִּלחָ ֥ם לָכֶ ֽם׃

פרשת ואתחנן

כג כד וָ ֽאֶת חַ נַּ ֖ן אֶ ֑ ל־יהוה בָּﬠֵ ֥ת הַהִ֖ וא לֵ ֽ אמֹר׃ אֲ דֹנָ ֣י יֱהֹוִ֗ה אַתָּ ֤ה הַ ֽחִ ּ֙ל ָ וֹת להַר א֣ וֹת אֶ ֽ ת ד ﬠַבדּ ךָ֔ אֶ֨ תגּד לךָ֔ ואֶ ָ תיֽד ךָ ֖ הַ ֽחֲ זָקָ ֑ ה אֲשׁ ֶ ֤ר מִ ֵ יאל בַּשָּׁמַ ֣יִם וּבָאָ֔רֶ ץ אֲשׁ ֶ ַ ריֽﬠֲשֶׂ ֥ה כה כמַ ֽﬠֲשֶׂ ֖ ָיך וכִגבֽ וּרֹתֶ ֽךָ ׃ אֶ ﬠבּרָ ָּ֗ הנא ואֶר אֶ ה אֶ תהָאָ ֣רֶ ץ הַ ּט ָ֔ וֹבה אֲשׁ ֶ ֖ר בּﬠֵ ֣בֶ ר הַ יַּר דֵּ ֑ ן כו הָהָ ֥ר הַ ּ֛טוֹב הַ זֶּ ֖ה והַ ּלבָ נֹֽן׃ וַ יִּתﬠַבֵּ֨ ר ֥ יהוה בִּ י למַ ֣ﬠַנכֶ֔ ם ול֥ ֹא שׁ ָמַ ֖ע אֵלָ ֑י וַ יּ֨ ֹ ֶ אמר ֤ יהוה כז אֵלַ י רַ ב־לָ֔ך אַ ּ֗ל־ת ֶ וֹסף דַּ בֵּ ֥ר אֵלַ ֛י ﬠ֖ וֹד בַּדָּ בָ ֥ר הַ זֶּ ֽה׃ ﬠֲלֵ ֣ה ׀ ר֣ ֹ ׁאש הַ ּפִס גָּ֗ ה ושָׂ ֥א ﬠֵ ֶ ינ֛ ָיך

רש״י

כג ׀ וָאֶתְחַ נַּן. ֵ ין חִ ּנוּן ּבְכָ ל מָ קוֹם ֶ ּלָא לְ ׁשוֹן מַ ְַּת ﬠַבְדְּ ךָ. ּפֶתַ ח לְִ יוֹת עוֹמֵ ד וּמְִ ַּ פ ֵּל ַ ף עַ ל ִּ פי ׁ ֶ ש ִּגְזְרָ ה וְלַעֲ בֹר עַ ל מִ ּד ָוֹתיו, ַ ָּ תה ֵ ין מִ י יִמְחֶ ה ְ ּבָידְךָ ִ ם ִּמְ חֹל חִ ָּנם. ַ ף עַ ל ִּ פי ׁ ֶ ש ׁיֵּש לֶָ ם ַּצִַּד ִיקים לִתְ לוֹת ּבְמַ ֲﬠשֵׂ ֶ יהם ּגְזֵרָ ה. ָמַ ר לוֹ: מִ ְּ מךָ לָמַדְ ִּ י, ׁשֶאָמַרְ ָּ לִי: "וְעַ ָּ תה הַ ִּ ָ יחה לִי וּְבַ ֵּ טל ּגְזֵרְָ ךָ : הַ ּט ִוֹבים, ֵ ין מְבַ ְּ קׁ ִשים מֵאֵ ת הַ ָּמקוֹם ֶ ּלָא מַ ְַּת חִ ָּנם. ּלִי" (שמות לב, י), וְכִ י ּ ֵ וֹפס הָ יִ ִ יי ּבְךָ ? ֶ ּלָא ִפְ ֹּח ּפֶתַ ח, כה ׀ אֶﬠְבְּרָ ה נָּ א. ֵ ין 'ָא' ֶ ּלָא לְ ׁשוֹן ַ ּב ָ ּקׁ ָ שה: הָהָ ר הַ ּטוֹב ּדָבָ ר ַחֵ ר, זֶה ֶחָ ד מֵ ֲﬠשָׂרָ ה ְ ׁשוֹנוֹת ׁ ֶ ש ִּקְרֵ ת ְּפִ ּלָ, ׁ ֶ ש ִ ּבי הָ יָה ָּלוּי לִְְ ַּ פ ּלֵ עֲלֵ ֶ יהם: אֶ ת גָּדְ לְךָ . זוֹ מִ ַ ּד הַ זֶּה. זוֹ ׁ ָ יְרוּשלַיִם: וְהַ ְּבָ נֹן. זֶה ֵּבי הַ ּמִקְ ָ ּדׁש: ּכִדְִ ָ יא ּבְסִפְרֵ י (כו): בָּﬠֵ ת הַהִ וא. לְאַחַ ר ׁ ֶ ש ּכָבַ ׁ ְ ש ִּ תי ֶרֶ ץ טוּבְךָ , וְכֵ ן הוּא וֹמֵ ר: "וְעַ ָּ תה ַ ּיִגְד ָא ּכֹח ֲ דָֹי" (במדבר סִ יחוֹן וְעוֹג, ִ ּד ִּמ ִ יי ׁ ֶ ש ָּ מא הֻ ַּ תר הַ ֶּדֶ ר: לֵ אמֹר. זֶה ֶחָ ד יד, יז): וְאֶ ת יָדְ ךָ. זוֹ יְמִ ְיךָ ׁשֶהִ י ְּ פׁש ָ וּטה ְכָ ל ּבָאֵ י עוֹלָ ם: כו ׀ וַיִּתְﬠַבֵּ ר ה׳. ִְמַ ּלֵא חֵמָ ה: לְמַﬠַנְכֶ ם.  ֶּ ַם ּגְרַמְ ֶּ ם מִ ְּׁ שלָֹׁ שה מְ קוֹמוֹת ׁשֶאָמַ ר ֶׁ מֹשה לִפְֵי הַ ָּמקוֹם: ֵ יִי מַ ִּ ֲ יחךָ הַחֲ זָקָ ה. ׁשֶאַ ָּ תה ּכ ֵ וֹבׁש ּבְרַחֲמִ ים ֶ ת מִ ַ ּד הַ ִּדין ּבְחָ זְקָ ה: לִי, וְכֵ ן הוּא וֹמֵ ר: "וַיַּקְצִ יפוּ עַ ל מֵ י מְרִ ָ יבה וַיֵּרַ ע ֶׁ לְמֹשה עַ ד ׁ ֶ ש ּתוֹדִיעִֵי ִ ם ַּ  ֲﬠשֶׂ ה ׁשְאֵ לָתִ י ִ ם לָאו: אֲשׁ ֶ ר מִ י אֵ ל וְ גוֹ׳. ֵ ְיךָ ּדוֹמֶ ה לְמֶ לֶךְ ּבָשָׂ ר וָדָ ם, ׁ ֶ ש ׁיֵּש לוֹ ּבַעֲ ָ בוּרם" (הלים קו, לב): רַב לָךְ . ׁ ֶ ש ּלֹא יֹ ְמרוּ, הָרַ ב ַּ כ ָּ מה יוֹעֲצִין וְסְַקַ ֶּדְרִ ין הַמְמַחִ ין ְ ּבָידוֹ ְּ כׁ ֶשרוֹצֶ לַ ֲﬠשׂ וֹת חֶסֶ ד קָ ׁ ֶ שה וְהַ ַּ לְמִ יד ַּ כ ָּ מה סַרְבָ ן וּמַפְצִיר. ּדָבָ ר ַחֵ ר, "רַ ב ָךְ ", כד ׀ ה׳ אֱ לֹהִ ים. רַ חוּם ַ ּב ִּדין: אַתָּ ה הַחִ ּלוֹתָ לְהַרְ אוֹת אֶ ת הַרְ ֵ ּבה מִ זֶּה ׁ ָשמוּר לְךָ רַ ב טוּב הַ ָּצפוּן לְךָ :

967 Book of Deuteronomy | Haftara for Devarim

Haftara for הפטרת Devarim דברים דברים Deuteronomy Reproof for Corruption and Just as Moses opened his final speech to Israel with a rebuke but ended with words of consolation and blessings, so too Isaiah’s vision begins with a harsh reproof and concludes with words of א ֲ חזֹון֙ יְְשׁ ַ עְְְ יָ ֣הוּ בֶ ָמֹ֔וץאֲשֶׁ ן־א ֣רחָ עַ זָ֔ה ֖ ל־יְְהוּדָ ה וִ ירֽ וּשׁ ָ לָ ִ֑םבִּ ימֵ֨ י עֻ ּזִּיָ ֧הוּ ֛ יֹותָ ם אָחָ ֥ז יְְחִ זְְְקִ ּיָ ֖הוּ מַלְְְכֵ ֥י ישעיה Injustice comfort. The prophet castigates those who perform empty ritual acts of worship while they conduct ISAIAH 1:1–1:27 their moral and social lives in contradiction to the will of God. The prophet informs them that despite ְְ י ה ּ ו דָ ֽ ה ׃ שִׁמְְְע֤וּ שׁ ָמַ֙ יִם֙וְְהַ ֽאֲ זִ֣ינִי אֶ֔רֶ ץ כִּ֥י יהו֖ ה דִּבֵּ ֑ר בָּנִים֙גִּדַּ ֣לְְְתִּ יוְְ ירֹומַ֔מְְְתִּ וְְהֵ ֖ם ָּ פ ְְ ֥שׁ עוּ בִֽי׃ ָ י דַ ֥ ע their superficial observance of the festivals and public gatherings, their visits to the Temple, and their bringing of offerings, none of these express their actual religious orientation. He tells them that שׁ ֹור֙ קֹונֵ֔ הוּוַ ֽחֲמ֖ ֹוראֵב֣ וּס בְְּעָלָ ֑יו יִשְְְׂרָ אֵ ל֙ ל֣ ֹוא יָדַ֔ ע עַמִּ֖ י ל֥ א ֹוהִתְְְ בּ ֹונָ ֽן׃ ד ה֣ ֹוי ׀ גּ֣ ֹוי חֹוטֵ֗ א עַ֚ ם כֶּ ֣בֶ ד עָ �ֹו֔ן they must improve their behavior, by restoring justice and righteousness in the land, before God will accept them with love. This haftara, called Haftarat Hazon, after its first word, meaning vision, is the third and last of three haftarot of retribution. It is always read on the זֶרַע ֣מְְרֵעִ֔ ים בָּנִ֖ים מַשׁ ְְְחִ יתִ֑יםעָֽזְְב֣וּ אֶ ת־־־יהו֗ה נִֽאֲצ֛וּ אֶ ת־קְְד֥ ֹושׁ יִשְְְׂרָאֵ֖ל נָזֹ֥ו רוּאָחֽ ֹור׃ עַ ֣ ל מֶ ֥ ה Sabbath before the Ninth of Av. The key term of lament, eikha, meaning how, which is also the first word in the book of Lamentations and the name of תֻ כּ֛ וּע֖ ֹודתּ ֹוסִ֣ יפוּ ֑ הסָרָ כָָּ ל־ר֣ ֹואשׁ לָָ יֽחֳֳֳֳלִ֔ וְְכָָ ל־לֵבָ ֖ב דַּ וָּ ֽי׃ מִ כַּ ף־רֶ ֤גֶ ל וְְעַ ד־־־רֹואשׁ ֙ אֵ ֹוֽין־־־בּ֣ מְְת֔ ֹום ֶּ פ֥צַ ע that book in Hebrew, appears both in Isaiah’s reproof and early in Moses’ speech in the parasha. וְְחַבּ וּרָ ה ֖ וּמַ ֣הכָּ טְְרִ ּיָ ֑ה לֹוא־־־זֹ֙ורוּ֙ וְְל֣ אֹו חֻבָּ֔שׁ וּוְְל֥ אֹו רֻ כְְּכָ ֖ה בַּשָּׁ ֽמֶ ן׃ ֶאַרְְְצְְ כ ֣ ם שׁ ְְ מָ מָ ה ֔ עָ ֽ י כרֵ ֶ ֖ שם ׂ רְְֻ פ ֣ ֹו ת The vision of Isaiah son of Amotz, that he envisioned concern- 14 abide evil and assembly. My soul loathes your New Moons 1 1 אֵ֑שׁ אַדְְְמַתְְְ םכֶ֗ לְְנֶגְְְדְְּ כֶ ם֙ זָרִ ים֙ אֽ ֹוכְְלִ֣ים אֹותָ֔הּ וּשׁ ְְְמָמָ ֖הכְְּמַהְְְ פֵכַ ֥ת זָרִֽ ים׃ ֥וְְנֹֽותְְרָ הבַ ת־־־צִּיֹ֖ון כְְּסֻכָּ ֣ה ing Judah and Jerusalem, in the days of Uziyahu, Yotam, Ahaz, and your festivals; they are a burden for Me; I have wearied of ּ and Hizkiyahu, kings of Judah. Hear, heavens, and listen, earth, 15 forbearance. And when you spread your hands, I will avert My 2 בְְכָרֶם ֑כִּמְְְ לוּנָ֥הבְְמִקְְְשָׁ֖ה כְְּעִ֥יר נְְצוּרָֽה׃ לוּלֵי֙ יהו֣ה צְְבָא֔ ֹות הֹותִ֥ירלָ֛נוּ שָׂרִ֖ ידכִּמְְְעָ֑ט כִּסְְְד֣ ֹום as the Lord has spoken: I have reared children and raised them eyes from you; even when you multiply prayer, I do not hear; up, and they have rebelled against Me. An ox knows its owner, 16 your hands are full of blood. Wash, purify yourselves, remove 3 הָ יִ֔ינוּ לַ ֽעֲ ֹומרָ ֖ ה דָּ מִֽ ינוּ׃ שׁ ִמְְְע֥וּ דְְבַ ר־־־יהו֖ הקְְצִ ינֵ֣י סְְד֑ םֹו הַֽאֲ זִ֛ינוּתּ ֹורַ֥ ת אֱ לֹוהֵ ֖ינוּ עַ֥ם .and a donkey its master’s trough. Israel does not know; My peo- the evil of your actions from before My eyes; cease doing evil ֲ ע מ ֹו רָ ֽ ה ׃ לָ֣מָּ ה ּלִ֤י רֽ ֹוב־זִבְְְחֵ יכֶם֙ יֹואמַ֣ר יהו֔השָׂבַ֛עְְְתִּ י עֹו לֹ֥ותאֵ ילִ֖ים וְְחֵ֣לֶבמְְרִ יאִ֑ים וְְדַ֨ם ּפָרִ֧ים 4 ple does not perceive. Woe! Sinful nation, people laden with 17 Learn well, seek justice, bolster the oppressed, adjudicate for -iniquity, villainous descendants, corrupting children; they for- 18 the orphan, champion the widow. Let us go now and reason to וּכְְְבָשִׂ֛ ים וְְעַתּ וּדִ֖ ים ל֥ א ֹוחָפָ ֽצְְְתִּ י׃ כִּ֣י תָב֔ ֹו אוּלֵ ֽרָא֖ ֹות ָּנָ֑יפ מִֽ י־־־־בִקֵּ֥ שׁ ז֛את ֹומִ ּיֶדְְְ ֖םכֶ רְְמ֥ ֹוס חֲצֵרָ ֽ י׃ ל֣ ֹו א sook the Lord, they scorned the Holy One of Israel, they have gether, says the Lord. If your sins will be like scarlet, they will be turned backward. For what will you be struck, that you continue whitened as snow; if they will be reddened like crimson, they 5 תֹוסִ֗ יפוּהָבִ יא֙ מִנְְְחַ את־שָׁ֔וְְְ קְְט֧ ֹו תרֶ תּֽ ֹועֵבָ֛ה הִ֖יא לִ֑י ח֤ ֹודֶשׁ וְְשׁ ַבָּת֙קְְר֣ א ֹומִקְְְרָ֔ א לֽ ֹוא־אוּכַ֥ל אָ ֖וֶ ן straying still? Every head is ill and every heart suffers.From foot 19 will be like wool. If you are willing and heed, the goodness of 6 ַ ֽו ֲ ע ָ צ רָ ֽ ה ׃ ֵ חָָדְְְשׁ ֤םיכֶ וּמֽ ֹועֲדֵ יכֶם֙שָֽׂנְְאָ֣ה נַפְְְשִׁ֔ י הָי֥וּ עָלַ֖י לָט֑ רַ חֹו ינִלְְְאֵ֖יתִ נְְשֽׂ ֹוא׃ בְְְוּ פָ רִֽ שְְְׂ כֶ ֣ ם ַכּ ּ ֵ פי ֗כֶ ם to head, there is nothing whole in it; wound, bruise, and fresh 20 the land you will eat. But if you refuse and are defiant, you will -blow have not been treated nor bandaged nor softened with be devoured by the sword, as the mouth of the Lord has spo אַ עְְְלִ ֤יםעֵ ינַי֙ מִ כֶּ֔ םגַּ ֛םכִּֽי־תַרְְְ בּ֥ וּתְְ פִ ָּ ל֖ה אֵ ינֶ ֣נִּי שׁ ֹומֵ ֑עַ יְְדֵ יכֶ ֖ם דָּ מִ֥ ים מָלֵ ֽאוּ׃ ֽ רַ חֲ צוּ֙ הִ ּזַ כּ֔ וּ הָ סִ ֛ ירוּ ר֥ ֹועַ oil. Your land is desolation; your cities are burned in fire; your 21 ken. How did it become a harlot, the faithful city? Filled with 7 מַ עַֽ לְְ לֵ י כֶ ֖ ם מִ ֶנּ ֣ גֶד עֵ י נָ ֑י חִ דְְְ ל֖ ּ ו הָ רֵ ֽ עַ ׃ לִמְְְד֥ וּ הֵ יטֵ ֛ב דִּרְְְשׁ וּ֥ מִשׁ ְְְ ָּ פ֖ט אַשְְּׁר֣וּ חָמ֑ ֹוץשׁ ִפְְְט֣ וּיָת֔ ֹום רִ֖ יבוּ land, strangers devour it in your presence and it is desolation 22 principle, justice would abide in it, but now, murderers. Your like an upheaval by strangers. The daughter of Zion remains 23 silver has become dross, your liquor diluted with water. Your 8 אַ לְְְ מָ נָ ֽ ה ׃ לְְ כוּ־נָ֛א וְְנִוָּֽכְְחָ ֖ה יֹו אמַ֣ריהו֑ה אִ ם־יִֽהְְְי֨וּ חֲטָֽאֵ יכֶ ֤ם כַּשָּׁנִים֙ כַּשֶּׁ֣לֶ גיַלְְְבִּ֔ ינוּ like a booth in a vineyard, like a shed in a field of gourds, like princes are wayward and cohorts of thieves; each loves bribery a besieged city. Had not the Lord of Hosts left us a miniscule and pursues graft. They will not provide justice for an orphan 9 אִ ם־־־־־יַאְְְ ֥ דִּ ימוּ כַ תּ ֹולָ ֖ ע כַּ ֶּ ֥מֶ צ ריִ ֽהְְְ יֽ וּ ׃ אִ ם־־תּ ֹו אב֖ וּ וּשׁ מַ ְְְ עְְְ תֶּ ֑ ם ט֥ וּ ב הָ אָ ֖רֶ ץ תּ ֹואכֵ ֽלוּ ׃ ם אִוְְ ־־ ְְ תּ מָ ֽ אֲ נ֖ ּ ו ,remnant, we would have been like Sodom, we would have been 24 and the cause of the widow will not come to them. Therefore וּמְְְרִ יתֶ֑ם חֶ֣רֶ בתְְּאֻכְְּל֔וּ כִּ֛י ּפִ֥י יהו֖ה דִּבֵּֽר׃ אֵ יכָה֙ הָֽיְְתָ֣ה לְְזֹונָ֔הקִרְְְ יָ֖ה נֶֽאֱמָנָ֑ה 10 comparable to Gomorrah. Hear the word of the Lord, leaders the utterance of the Master, the Lord of hosts, the Mighty One of Sodom; listen to the Torah of our God, people of Gomorrah. of Israel: Woe! I will be relieved of My adversaries and will מְְלֵֽאֲתִ֣י מִשְְְׁ ּפָ֗ט צֶדֶ ֛ קיָלִ֥ין בָּ֖הּ וְְעַתָּ֥ה מְְרַ ּצְְחִֽים׃ כַּסְְְ ֵ֖ךְְְ ּפהָיָ֣ה לְְסִיגִ֑ים סָָבְְְאֵ֖ךְְְ מָה֥וּל בַּמָּֽיִם׃ ,Why do I need the multitude of your offerings, says the Lord; 25 avenge Myself on My enemies. I will turn My hand against you 11 שָׂרַ֣יִךְְְ סֽ ֹורְְרִ֗ ים וְְחַבְְְרֵ י֙ גַּנָּבִ֔ ים ּכֻּלֹו֙ אֹוהֵ֣ב שׁ֔ ֹו דחַ וְְרֹודֵ֖ף שׁ ַלְְְ מֹונִ֑ים יָתֹום֙ ל֣ א ֹויִשׁ ְְְ ּ֔ טוּפֹו יבוְְרִ֥ אַלְְְמָנָ֖ה I am sated with burnt offerings of rams and the fat of fattened and I will refine your dross as with lye; I will remove all your bulls; I do not desire the blood of bulls and sheep and goats. 26 slag. I will restore your judges as at first and your counselors as לֽ ֹוא־־־יָב֥ ֹוא אֲלֵ יהֶ ֽם׃ לָכֵ֗ן נְְאֻ ֤ם הָֽאָ דֹון֙יהו֣ ה צְְבָא֔ ֹותאֲבִ֖יר ֑ליִשְְְׂרָאֵ ה֚ ֹוי אֶנָּחֵ֣ם 12 When you come to appear before Me, who sought this from at the beginning; thereafter, you will be called the city of righ- your hand, trampling My courtyards? Do not continue bring- 27 teousness, the faithful city. Zion will be redeemed with justice 13 מִ ּצָרַ֔י וְְ אִ ּ נ ֽ ָ קְְ ֖מָ ה מֵ אֽ ֹו י ְְ בָ ֽ י ׃ וְְאָשׁ ִ ה ֤יבָ יָדִ י֙ עָלַ֔ יִךְְְוְְאֶ צְְְר֥ ֹוף כַּבּ֖ ֹור סִ יגָ ֑יִךְְְ וְְאָ ה סִ֖ירָ כָָּ ל־בְְּדִ ילָ ֽיִךְְְ ׃ ְְ ו ָ א שׁ ִ ֤ י ָ ב ה .ing a vain meal offering; incense is an abomination for Me; and its returnees with righteousness שֽׁ ֹופְְטַ֙יִךְְְ֙ כְְּבָרִ֣ אשׁ ֹונָ֔ה וְְיֹֽועֲצַ֖יִךְְְ כְְּבַתְְּחִ ּלָ֑ה אַֽחֲרֵ י־כֵ֗ן יִקָּ֤רֵ אלָךְְְ֙ עִ֣יר הַ ֶ֔דֶ ּצ קקִרְְְ יָ֖ה נֶֽאֱמָנָֽה׃ צִ ּי֖ ֹו ן New Moon and Sabbath, convoking convocations, I cannot בְְּמִשׁ ְְְ ָּ פ֣ט תִּ ָּדֶ ֑הפ וְְשׁ ָבֶ ֖יהָ בִּצְְְדָקָֽ ה׃

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דברים דברים

א א ֲ חזֹון֙ יְְשׁ ַ עְְְ יָ ֣הוּ בֶ ָמֹ֔וץאֲשֶׁ ן־א ֣רחָ עַ זָ֔ה ֖ ל־יְְהוּדָ ה וִ ירֽ וּשׁ ָ לָ ִ֑םבִּ ימֵ֨ י עֻ ּזִּיָ ֧הוּ ֛ יֹותָ ם אָחָ ֥ז יְְחִ זְְְקִ ּיָ ֖הוּ מַלְְְכֵ ֥י ישעיה ב ג ְְ י ה ּ ו דָ ֽ ה ׃ שִׁמְְְע֤וּ שׁ ָמַ֙ יִם֙וְְהַ ֽאֲ זִ֣ינִי אֶ֔רֶ ץ כִּ֥י יהו֖ ה דִּבֵּ ֑ר בָּנִים֙גִּדַּ ֣לְְְתִּ יוְְ ירֹומַ֔מְְְתִּ וְְהֵ ֖ם ָּ פ ְְ ֥שׁ עוּ בִֽי׃ ָ י דַ ֥ ע

ד שׁ ֹור֙ קֹונֵ֔ הוּוַ ֽחֲמ֖ ֹוראֵב֣ וּס בְְּעָלָ ֑יו יִשְְְׂרָ אֵ ל֙ ל֣ ֹוא יָדַ֔ ע עַמִּ֖ י ל֥ א ֹוהִתְְְ בּ ֹונָ ֽן׃ ד ה֣ ֹוי ׀ גּ֣ ֹוי חֹוטֵ֗ א עַ֚ ם כֶּ ֣בֶ ד עָ �ֹו֔ן ה זֶרַע ֣מְְרֵעִ֔ ים בָּנִ֖ים מַשׁ ְְְחִ יתִ֑יםעָֽזְְב֣וּ אֶ ת־־־יהו֗ה נִֽאֲצ֛וּ אֶ ת־קְְד֥ ֹושׁ יִשְְְׂרָאֵ֖ל נָזֹ֥ו רוּאָחֽ ֹור׃ עַ ֣ ל מֶ ֥ ה ו תֻ כּ֛ וּע֖ ֹודתּ ֹוסִ֣ יפוּ ֑ הסָרָ כָָּ ל־ר֣ ֹואשׁ לָָ יֽחֳֳֳֳלִ֔ וְְכָָ ל־לֵבָ ֖ב דַּ וָּ ֽי׃ מִ כַּ ף־רֶ ֤גֶ ל וְְעַ ד־־־רֹואשׁ ֙ אֵ ֹוֽין־־־בּ֣ מְְת֔ ֹום ֶּ פ֥צַ ע ז וְְחַבּ וּרָ ה ֖ וּמַ ֣הכָּ טְְרִ ּיָ ֑ה לֹוא־־־זֹ֙ורוּ֙ וְְל֣ אֹו חֻבָּ֔שׁ וּוְְל֥ אֹו רֻ כְְּכָ ֖ה בַּשָּׁ ֽמֶ ן׃ ֶאַרְְְצְְ כ ֣ ם שׁ ְְ מָ מָ ה ֔ עָ ֽ י כרֵ ֶ ֖ שם ׂ רְְֻ פ ֣ ֹו ת ח אֵ֑שׁ אַדְְְמַתְְְ םכֶ֗ לְְנֶגְְְדְְּ כֶ ם֙ זָרִ ים֙ אֽ ֹוכְְלִ֣ים אֹותָ֔הּ וּשׁ ְְְמָמָ ֖הכְְּמַהְְְ ּפֵכַ ֥ת זָרִֽ ים׃ ֥וְְנֹֽותְְרָ הבַ ת־־־צִּיֹ֖ון כְְּסֻכָּ ֣ה ט בְְכָרֶם ֑כִּמְְְ לוּנָ֥הבְְמִקְְְשָׁ֖ה כְְּעִ֥יר נְְצוּרָֽה׃ לוּלֵי֙ יהו֣ה צְְבָא֔ ֹות הֹותִ֥ירלָ֛נוּ שָׂרִ֖ ידכִּמְְְעָ֑ט כִּסְְְד֣ ֹום י הָ יִ֔ינוּ לַ ֽעֲ ֹומרָ ֖ ה דָּ מִֽ ינוּ׃ שׁ ִמְְְע֥וּ דְְבַ ר־־־יהו֖ הקְְצִ ינֵ֣י סְְד֑ םֹו הַֽאֲ זִ֛ינוּתּ ֹורַ֥ ת אֱ לֹוהֵ ֖ינוּ עַ֥ם יא ֲ ע מ ֹו רָ ֽ ה ׃ לָ֣מָּ ה ּלִ֤י רֽ ֹוב־זִבְְְחֵ יכֶם֙ יֹואמַ֣ר יהו֔השָׂבַ֛עְְְתִּ י עֹו לֹ֥ותאֵ ילִ֖ים וְְחֵ֣לֶבמְְרִ יאִ֑ים וְְדַ֨ם ּפָרִ֧ים יב יג וּכְְְבָשִׂ֛ ים וְְעַתּ וּדִ֖ ים ל֥ א ֹוחָפָ ֽצְְְתִּ י׃ כִּ֣י תָב֔ ֹו אוּלֵ ֽרָא֖ ֹות ָּנָ֑יפ מִֽ י־־־־בִקֵּ֥ שׁ ז֛את ֹומִ ּיֶדְְְ ֖םכֶ רְְמ֥ ֹוס חֲצֵרָ ֽ י׃ ל֣ ֹו א תֹוסִ֗ יפוּהָבִ יא֙ מִנְְְחַ את־שָׁ֔וְְְ קְְט֧ ֹו תרֶ תּֽ ֹועֵבָ֛ה הִ֖יא לִ֑י ח֤ ֹודֶשׁ וְְשׁ ַבָּת֙קְְר֣ א ֹומִקְְְרָ֔ א לֽ ֹוא־אוּכַ֥ל אָ ֖וֶ ן יד טו ַ ֽו ֲ ע ָ צ רָ ֽ ה ׃ ֵ חָָדְְְשׁ ֤םיכֶ וּמֽ ֹועֲדֵ יכֶם֙שָֽׂנְְאָ֣ה נַפְְְשִׁ֔ י הָי֥וּ עָלַ֖י לָט֑ רַ חֹו ינִלְְְאֵ֖יתִ נְְשֽׂ ֹוא׃ בְְְוּ פָ רִֽ שְְְׂ כֶ ֣ ם ַכּ ּ ֵ פי ֗כֶ ם טז אַ עְְְלִ ֤יםעֵ ינַי֙ מִ כֶּ֔ םגַּ ֛םכִּֽי־תַרְְְ בּ֥ וּתְְ פִ ָּ ל֖ה אֵ ינֶ ֣נִּי שׁ ֹומֵ ֑עַ יְְדֵ יכֶ ֖ם דָּ מִ֥ ים מָלֵ ֽאוּ׃ ֽ רַ חֲ צוּ֙ הִ ּזַ כּ֔ וּ הָ סִ ֛ ירוּ ר֥ ֹועַ יז מַ עַֽ לְְ לֵ י כֶ ֖ ם מִ ֶנּ ֣ גֶד עֵ י נָ ֑י חִ דְְְ ל֖ ּ ו הָ רֵ ֽ עַ ׃ לִמְְְד֥ וּ הֵ יטֵ ֛ב דִּרְְְשׁ וּ֥ מִשׁ ְְְ ָּ פ֖ט אַשְְּׁר֣וּ חָמ֑ ֹוץשׁ ִפְְְט֣ וּיָת֔ ֹום רִ֖ יבוּ יח אַ לְְְ מָ נָ ֽ ה ׃ לְְ כוּ־נָ֛א וְְנִוָּֽכְְחָ ֖ה יֹו אמַ֣ריהו֑ה אִ ם־יִֽהְְְי֨וּ חֲטָֽאֵ יכֶ ֤ם כַּשָּׁנִים֙ כַּשֶּׁ֣לֶ גיַלְְְבִּ֔ ינוּ יט כ אִ ם־־־־־יַאְְְ ֥ דִּ ימוּ כַ תּ ֹולָ ֖ ע כַּ ֶּ ֥מֶ צ ריִ ֽהְְְ יֽ וּ ׃ אִ ם־־תּ ֹו אב֖ וּ וּשׁ מַ ְְְ עְְְ תֶּ ֑ ם ט֥ וּ ב הָ אָ ֖רֶ ץ תּ ֹואכֵ ֽלוּ ׃ ם אִוְְ ־־ ְְ תּ מָ ֽ אֲ נ֖ ּ ו כא וּמְְְרִ יתֶ֑ם חֶ֣רֶ בתְְּאֻכְְּל֔וּ כִּ֛י ּפִ֥י יהו֖ה דִּבֵּֽר׃ אֵ יכָה֙ הָֽיְְתָ֣ה לְְזֹונָ֔הקִרְְְ יָ֖ה נֶֽאֱמָנָ֑ה כב מְְלֵֽאֲתִ֣י מִשְְְׁ ּפָ֗ט צֶדֶ ֛ קיָלִ֥ין בָּ֖הּ וְְעַתָּ֥ה מְְרַ ּצְְחִֽים׃ כַּסְְְ ֵ֖ךְְְ ּפהָיָ֣ה לְְסִיגִ֑ים סָָבְְְאֵ֖ךְְְ מָה֥וּל בַּמָּֽיִם׃ כג שָׂרַ֣יִךְְְ סֽ ֹורְְרִ֗ ים וְְחַבְְְרֵ י֙ גַּנָּבִ֔ ים ּכֻּלֹו֙ אֹוהֵ֣ב שׁ֔ ֹו דחַ וְְרֹודֵ֖ף שׁ ַלְְְ מֹונִ֑ים יָתֹום֙ ל֣ א ֹויִשׁ ְְְ ּ֔ טוּפֹו יבוְְרִ֥ אַלְְְמָנָ֖ה כד לֽ ֹוא־־־יָב֥ ֹוא אֲלֵ יהֶ ֽם׃ לָכֵ֗ן נְְאֻ ֤ם הָֽאָ דֹון֙יהו֣ ה צְְבָא֔ ֹותאֲבִ֖יר ֑ליִשְְְׂרָאֵ ה֚ ֹוי אֶנָּחֵ֣ם כה כו מִ ּצָרַ֔י וְְ אִ ּ נ ֽ ָ קְְ ֖מָ ה מֵ אֽ ֹו י ְְ בָ ֽ י ׃ וְְאָשׁ ִ ה ֤יבָ יָדִ י֙ עָלַ֔ יִךְְְוְְאֶ צְְְר֥ ֹוף כַּבּ֖ ֹור סִ יגָ ֑יִךְְְ וְְאָ ה סִ֖ירָ כָָּ ל־בְְּדִ ילָ ֽיִךְְְ ׃ ְְ ו ָ א שׁ ִ ֤ י ָ ב ה כז שֽׁ ֹופְְטַ֙יִךְְְ֙ כְְּבָרִ֣ אשׁ ֹונָ֔ה וְְיֹֽועֲצַ֖יִךְְְ כְְּבַתְְּחִ ּלָ֑ה אַֽחֲרֵ י־כֵ֗ן יִקָּ֤רֵ אלָךְְְ֙ עִ֣יר הַ ֶ֔דֶ ּצ קקִרְְְ יָ֖ה נֶֽאֱמָנָֽה׃ צִ ּי֖ ֹו ן בְְּמִשׁ ְְְ ָּ פ֣ט תִּ ָּדֶ ֑הפ וְְשׁ ָבֶ ֖יהָ בִּצְְְדָקָֽ ה׃

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