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Reinvigorating Asante Cire-Perdue Technique in Casting Goldweights For University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, WINNEBA REINVIGORATING ASANTE CIRE-PERDUE TECHNIQUE IN CASTING GOLDWEIGHTS FOR CONTEMPORARY ASANTE PROVERBS STEPHEN OKYERE-BOATENG A THESIS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC EDUCATION, SCHOOL OF CREATIVE ARTS, SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, WINNEBA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (ARTS AND CULTURE) DEGREE JUNE, 2018 i University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh DECLARATION I, Stephen Okyere-Boateng, declare that this thesis with the exception of quotations and references contained in published works which have all been identified and duly acknowledged, is entirely my own original work, and it has not been submitted either in part or whole, for another degree elsewhere. …………………………………… .…………………… CANDIDATE’S SIGNATURE DATE 9141750010 SUPERVISORS’ DECLARATION I hereby declare that the preparation and presentation of this work was supervised in accordance with the guidelines for supervision of Dissertation as laid down by the University of Education, Winneba. ………………………………… ……………………. DR. FRIMPONG K. DUKU DATE (SUPERVISOR) ………………………………… ……………………. DR. JOSHUA AMUAH DATE (SUPERVISOR) ii University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I acknowledge with gratefulness, the assistance and support from Dr. Frimpong K. Duku and Dr. Joshua Amuah, supervisors for this thesis who discussed various points with me from the beginning through to the end; as well, my indebtedness goes to the late Prof. Kojo Fosu from whom I took inspiration to carry out this research. I record my gratitude to the Okyere-Boateng and allied families whose constant moral support and encouragement have been a major source of motivation in my academic career; not forgetting the untiring efforts of the Bentil family, Mr. C. K. Gyamfi and family, and the financial support from my colleagues and relations including Mr. Ampadu Sasu, Dr. Alex Somuah Obeng, Mr. Joseph Abebrese, and Mr. Philip Agyepong Boateng, as well as the voluntary contributions offered by participants of the field survey especially, Appiadu Yaw Barimah and Nana Osei Asibey, both proverb creators, and K. Ofosu, a metal caster. I lastly express my appreciation to my family especially my sons (Stephen and Alexander) for their love. iii University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh DEDICATION To my family iv University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ......................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................ iii DEDICATION ............................................................................................................ iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................. v LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................... xi LIST OF TABLES xiii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... xv CHAPTER ONE : INTRODUCTION ..................................................................... 1 1. Overview .................................................................................................................. 1 1.2. Background to the Study. ...................................................................................... 2 1.3. Statement of the problem. ..................................................................................... 6 1.4. The gap that the study intended to fill ................................................................ 10 1.5. Research questions. ............................................................................................. 10 1.6. Purpose of the study ............................................................................................ 11 1.7. Objectives of the study. ...................................................................................... 12 1.8. Significance of the study. .................................................................................... 13 1.9. Delimitation. ....................................................................................................... 14 1.10. Conceptual and Operational Definition of Terms. ............................................ 15 1. 11. Abbreviations and Acronyms used. ................................................................. 17 1.12. Organisation of the chapters. ............................................................................ 18 v University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ............................ 21 2.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 21 2.2 Theoretical framework ......................................................................................... 23 2.3 Conceptual framework ......................................................................................... 29 2.4. Proverbs .............................................................................................................. 30 2.5. Collection of Akan proverbs ............................................................................... 35 2.6. Proverbs and idioms ............................................................................................ 35 2.7. Akan proverbs and tales ...................................................................................... 36 2.8. Composition of proverbs .................................................................................... 37 2.9. Use of appropriate or relevant proverbs ............................................................. 39 2.10. Contemporary period ........................................................................................ 40 2.11. Contemporary proverbs .................................................................................... 45 2.12. Significance of proverbs ................................................................................... 46 2.13. Goldweights ...................................................................................................... 48 2.14. Origin of goldweights ....................................................................................... 50 2.15. Owners of goldweights ..................................................................................... 52 2.16. Production period of goldweights in Ghana ..................................................... 52 2.17. Goldweights and proverbs ................................................................................ 53 2.18. Lost-wax (cire-perdue) metal casting process .................................................. 58 2.19. Asante lost-wax metal casting technique .......................................................... 60 2.20. Proficiency and precision casting of goldweight in Asante .............................. 63 vi University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh 2.21. Metals used in lost-wax casting ........................................................................ 64 2.22. Acquisition of brass for goldweight casting ..................................................... 66 2.23. Some properties and applications of brasses .................................................... 70 2.24. General properties of brass ............................................................................... 71 2.25. Summary of discussions ................................................................................... 72 CHAPTER THREE : METHODOLOGY ............................................................ 75 3.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 75 3.2. Geographical location of the study area. ............................................................ 76 3.3. Research design .................................................................................................. 81 3.4. Artistic research .................................................................................................. 82 3.5. Importance of Art-Based research method to the study. .................................... 82 3.6. Qualitative research. ........................................................................................... 84 3.7. Justification for employing qualitative research approach. ................................ 84 3.8. Population for the study. ..................................................................................... 85 3.9. Characteristics for the population of the study. .................................................. 85 3.10. Sample and sampling techniques. ..................................................................... 86 Source: Field survey, 2016. ....................................................................................... 88 3.11. Justification of sample selected. ....................................................................... 88 3.12. Training of Field Assistants for data collection. ............................................... 88 3.13. Data collection instruments. ............................................................................. 90 3.14. Interview guide design. ....................................................................................
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