DOCSLIB.ORG

The Effects of Strategic Bombing on JAPAN's War Economy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Effects of Strategic Bombing on JAPAN's War Economy ^ -> ^ Given By U. S. SOFT. OF D' t 3^ THE UNITED STATES STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY 'Jbi The Effects OF Strategic Bombing ON jAPAN^s War Economy / v / Appendix ABC OVER-ALL ECONOMIC EFFECTS DIVISION . ^ December 1946 | V^ THE UNITED STATES STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY The Effects OF Strategic Bombing ON JAPAN'S War Economy Appendix ABC OVER-ALL ECONOMIC EFFECTS DIVISION December 1946 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 2 5<0. C, • Price 65 cents ,U(o3 This report was written primarily for the use of the U. S. Strategic Bombing Survey in the preparation of further reports of a more comprehensive nature. Any conclusions or opinions expressed in this report must be considered as limited to the specific material covered and as subject to further interpretation in the light of further studies conducted by the Survey. FOREWORD The United States Strategic Bombing Survey- civilians, 350 officers, and 500 enlisted men. The was established by the Secretary of War on 3 military segment of the organization was draAvn November 1944, pursuant to a directive from the from the Army to the extent of 60 percent, and late President Roosevelt. Its mission was to from the Navy to the extent of 40 percent. Both conduct an impartial and expert study of the the Army and the Navy gave the Survey all possi- effects of our aerial attack on Germany, to be used ble assistance in furnishing men, supplies, trans- in connection with air attaclss on Japan and to port, and information. The Survey operated establish a basis for evaluating the importance and from headquarters established in Tokyo early in potentialities of air power as an instrument of September 1945, with subheadquarters in Nagoya, military strategy for planning the future develop- Osaka, Hiroshima, and Nagasaki, and with mobile ment of the United States armed forces and for teams operating in other parts of Japan, the islands determining future economic policies with respect of the Pacific, and the Asiatic mamland. to the national defense. A summary report and It was possible to reconstruct much of wartime some 200 supporting reports containing the Japanese military planning and execution, engage- findings of the Survey in Germany have been ment by engagement, and campaign by campaign, published. and to secure reasonably accurate statistics on On 15 August 1945, President Truman requested Japan's economy and war production, plant by that the Survey conduct a similar study of the plant, and industry by industry. In addition, effects of all types of air attack in the war against studies were conducted on Japan's over-all stra- Japan, submitting reports in duplicate to the tegic plans and the background of her entry into Secretary of War and to the Secretary of the the war, the internal discussions and negotiations Navy. The officers of the Survey during its leading to her acceptance of unconditional sui- Japanese phase were: render, the course of health and morale among the civilian population, the effectiveness ot the Franklin D'Olier, Chairman. Japanese civilian defense organization, and the Paul H. Nitze, Henry C. Alexander, Vice Chairmen. effects of the atomic bombs. Separate reports will issued covering each phase of the study. Harry L. Bowman, be The Survey interrogated more than 700 Japa- J. Kenneth Galbraith, Rensis Likert, nese military, government, and industrial officials. Frank A. McNamee, Jr., It also recovered and translated many documents Fred Searls, Jr., which not only have been useful to the Survey, Monroe E. Spaght, but also win furnish data valuable for other studies. Dr. Lewis R. Thompson, Arrangements have been made to turn over the Theodore P. Wright, Directors. Survey's files to the Central Intelligence Group, Walter Wdds, Secretary. through which they will be available for further The Survey's complement provided for 300 examination and distribution. Ill TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Int roduct ion 1 Conclusions: Economic effects of the strategic bombing of Japan 2 ChapfcT I. The road to Pearl Harbor 5 II. Japan's economy under stress of the war 15 III. Air attack against Japan's economy 35 IV. Effect of the air offen.sive on Japan's economy 41 V. Surrender 57 VI. Postscript on target selection 61 Apfendix , A. Allied economic intelligence on Japan: Analysis and comparisons 69 B. Gross national product of Japan 83 C. Statistical sources 97 Table 1. Relative growth of industrial and agricultural output, 1930-42 12 2. Composition of industrial output, 1930-42 12 3. Gross national product, fiscal years 1940-44 (billions of 1940 yen) 15 4. Percentage of war expenditures to gross product, Japan and the United States 16 5. Comparison of the dynamics of "real" gross national product, Japan and the United States, selected years 1930-44 17 6. Production of basic materials, Japan proper, fiscal years 1941-42 (thousands of metric tons) 20 7. Total labor conscription for essential work, 1939-42 22 8. Aircraft and engine production, fiscal years 1942-44 24 9. Capacity and production of aluminum^ 1941-45 25 10. Allocation of f)rimary aluminum, 1942-45 25 11. Japan's merchant fleet, selected months 26 12. Planned and actual merchant ship construction, 1943-44 26 13. Merchant ship building, fiscal years 1943-44 26 14. Production of naval ships, fiscal years 1942-44 (deadweight tons) . 27 15. Armament production, fiscal years 1941-44. 28 16. Production of basic materials, Japan proper, fiscal years 1942-44 : 28 17. Production and import of coal, fiscal years 1942-44 _. 28 18. Production and import of coking coal, iron ore, and pig iron, fiscal years 1942-44 29 19. Production of finished steel, fiscal years 1942-44 30 20. Crude oil production and stocks, fiscal years 1942-44 30 21. Percentage distribution of civilian labor force, by industry and sex, .Japan proper, October 1, 1940, and Feb- ruary 22, 1944 - 31 22. Civilian labor force in Japan proper, 1 October 1940 and 22 February 1944, by industry 33 23. Reduction in the cotton industry, calendar years 1937-44 33 24. Allocation of cotton and wool cloth supply, calendar years 1937-44 33 25. Distribution of Fifth AF effort against Formosan targets 38 26. Distribution of bomb tonnage by fifth and seventh AF between June 1945 and end of war 39 27. Distribution of bomb tonnage by Naval Aircraft on Japanese targets 39 28. Japanese merchant ship sinkings by Allied action, 1941-45 (thousands of gross registered tons) 43 A-1. Coal available in Japan proper, 1943-45 76 A-2. Steel ingot capacity, 1942-44 77 A-3. Steel ingot production, 1942-44 77 A-4. Stock piles of oil 80 A-5. Aviation gasoline stocks (iimer zone) 80 IV TaUe P^ee A-6. Synthetic production, 1942-44 - 80 A-7. Comparison of "real" gross national production estimates, 1940-44 1 80 A-8. Combat airplane production, 1941-45 • 81 A-9. Aluminum capaoit}-, 1943-45 , 81 A-IO. Aluminum requirements, 1943-45 - 81 All. Aluminum production, 1943-45 82 B-1. Gross national product, fiscal years 1940-44 84 H-2. War expenditures, fiscal years 1940-45 85 B-3. Army expenditures, fiscal years 1940-45 86 B-4. Expenditures of the Imperial Navy, fiscal years 1940-45 87 B-5. Expenditures of the Munitions Ministry, fiscal years 1943-45 87 B- 6. War expenditures by object, fiscal years 1940-45 87 B-7. National government expenditures 88 B-8. Derivation of national government nonwar expenditures 88 B-9. Local government expenditures, fiscal years 1940-44 89 B-10. Derivation of local government expenditures, fiscal years 1940-44 89 B-11. Private plant and equipment expenditures, fiscal years 194t-44_. 90 B-12. Derivation of residential construction activity, fiscal years 1940-44 90 B-13. Balance of international payments, fiscal years 1939-44 91 B-14. Consumer expenditures, 1940-44 f2 B-1 5. Wholesale prices in Japan 96 C-1. Population, armed forces, and civilian labor force, by sex and activity, Japan proper, 1 October 1930- 1 October 1940, 22 February 1944 -- 98 C-2. Civilian population, labor force and unoccupied, by age and sex, Japan proper, 1 October 1930-1 October 1940, 22 February 1944 99 C-3. Percentage distribution of civilian labor force, by sex and activity, Japan proper, 1 October 1930-1 October 1940, 22 February 1944 100 C-4. Percentage distribution of males and females in civilian labor force by activity, Japan proper, 1 October 1930-1 October 1940, 22 February 1944 -• 100 -C-5. Labor force, mining and manufacturing and construction, by sex and industry, Japan proper, 1 October 1930-22 February 1944 101 C-6. Workers in the labor force, aged 14-59, manufacturing and construction, Japan proper, 1 October 1940 and 22 February 1944 102 G-7. Labor conscription into essential industries, Japan proper, 1939-45 1 102 C-8. Survey of resident Koreans, by industry and occupation, Japan proper, 31 December 1941 103 C-9. Number of Korean contract workers brought into Japan proper annually, by type of work as- signed, 1939-45 ,- 103 C-10. Survey of Korean and Chinese workers previously introduced in groups and prisoners of war among regularly employed workers in factories and mines, Japan proper, 30 June 1944 104 C-11. Students mobilized for work by school and type of work, Japan proper, October 1944, February 1945, and July 1945 ^ 104 C-12. Index of employment and earnings of factory and mine workers in establishments not owned by Govern- ment, Japan proper, monthly, 1940-45 106 C-13. Industrial employment and productive man hours in 45 urban areas, Japan proper, monthly, October 1943- 1945.." 107 August -_ C-14.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • USSBS Kyushu Airplane Co., Report No. XV.Pdf
    ^ ^.^41LAU Given By U. S. SlIPT. OF DOCUMENTS 3^ THE UNITED STATES STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY Kyushu Airplane Company CORPORATION REPORT NO. XV (Airframes) uV Aircraft Division February 1947 \b THE UNITED STATES STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY Kyushu Airplane Company (Kyushu Hikoki K K) CORPORATION REPORT NO. XV (Airframes) Aircraft Division Dates of Survey: 13-15 November 1945 Date of Publication: February 1947 \A/, -, APfi 8 ,947 This report was written primarily for the use of the United States Stra- tegic Bombing Survey in the preparation of further reports of a more comprehensive nature. Any conclusions or opinions expressed in this report must be considered as limited to the specific material covered and as subject to further interpretation in the light of further studies conducted by the Survey. FOREWORD The United States Strategic Bombing Survey was establislied by the Secretary of War on 3 November 1944, pursuant to a directive from the late President Roosevelt. Its mission was to conduct an impartial and expert study of the effects of our aerial attack on Germany, to be used in connection with air attacks on Japan and to establish a basis for evaluating the importance and potentialities of air power as an instrument of military strategy for planning the future development of the United States armed forces and for determining future economic policies with respect to the national defense. A summary report and some 200 support- ing reports containing the findings of the Survey in Germany have been published. On 15 August 1945, President Truman requested that the Survey conduct a similar study of the effects of all types of air attack in the war against Japan, submitting reports in duplicate to the Secretary of War and to the Secretary of the Navy.
    [Show full text]
  • Ampacity and Other Design Considerations for Medium Voltage Cables Used in Renewable Energy Applications
    JICABLE15_0001.docx Ampacity and other design considerations for medium voltage cables used in renewable energy applications Earle C. (Rusty) BASCOM, III (1), Richard W. ALLEN Jr. (2) 1 - Electrical Consulting Engineers, P.C., Schenectady, New York, USA, [email protected] 2 - Consultant, Northboro, Massachusetts, USA, [email protected] Renewable energy systems often include underground distribution cables to connect solar panels or wind turbines to collector stations where there is a step up in voltage for transmission to the nearest utility system. The general approach is to utilize medium voltage distribution cables. Many of these systems are designed and installed by developers that are seeking to minimize the project cost so that the payback period of the systems can be realized sooner, making the economics of these systems more attractive to regulators, utilities and other entities. There have been many instances of these cable systems failing after being placed in service due to issues related to thermal overload. The cause of these problems is based on applying traditional utility distribution cable system practices to the environments and operating scenarios associated with many of the renewable energy sites that have alternate characteristics. Factors to consider include: Common cable installation practices for renewable energy projects Geographic environments for renewable projects Route thermal survey and trench design and backfill characteristics Load and loss factors and circuit loading diversity as affects ratings Selection differences between utility distribution cables and renewable energy cables Economic factors Common project ownership Generating characteristics of wind and solar farms Cable system ampacity The combination of these factors and their proper consideration impacts longevity of the cable system and can result in rapid thermal degradation within a few years, affecting the availability and reliability of the renewable energy source that normally would have an expected life of decades.
    [Show full text]
  • Capital Punishment—Moral and Ethical Aspects—United States
    Morality’s Muddy Waters 1124852485 MMorality'sorality's MMuddyuddy WWatersaters ((Cotkin).inddCotkin).indd i 111/19/091/19/09 44:32:50:32:50 PPMM 1124852485 MMorality'sorality's MMuddyuddy WWatersaters ((Cotkin).inddCotkin).indd iiii 111/19/091/19/09 44:32:51:32:51 PPMM Morality’s Muddy Waters Ethical Quandaries in Modern America George Cotkin University of Pennsylvania Press Philadelphia 1124852485 MMorality'sorality's MMuddyuddy WWatersaters ((Cotkin).inddCotkin).indd iiiiii 111/19/091/19/09 44:32:51:32:51 PPMM Copyright © 2010 George Cotkin All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations used for purposes of review or scholarly citation, none of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means without written permission from the publisher. Published by University of Pennsylvania Press Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cotkin, George Morality’s muddy waters : ethical quandaries in modern America / George Cotkin. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN: 978-0-8122-4227-0 (alk. paper) 1. Ethics—United States—History—20th century—Case studies. 2. Ethics—United States—History—21st century—Case studies. 3. Ethical problems—Case studies. 4. Bombing, Aerial—Moral and ethical aspects. 5. World War, 1939–1945—Moral and ethical aspects—United States. 6. My Lai Massacre, Vietnam, 1968—Moral and ethical aspects. 7. Racism—Moral and ethical aspects—United States. 8. Capital punishment—Moral and ethical aspects—United States. 9. Iraq War, 2003– —Moral and ethical aspects.
    [Show full text]
  • World War II at Sea This Page Intentionally Left Blank World War II at Sea
    World War II at Sea This page intentionally left blank World War II at Sea AN ENCYCLOPEDIA Volume I: A–K Dr. Spencer C. Tucker Editor Dr. Paul G. Pierpaoli Jr. Associate Editor Dr. Eric W. Osborne Assistant Editor Vincent P. O’Hara Assistant Editor Copyright 2012 by ABC-CLIO, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data World War II at sea : an encyclopedia / Spencer C. Tucker. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-59884-457-3 (hardcopy : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-59884-458-0 (ebook) 1. World War, 1939–1945—Naval operations— Encyclopedias. I. Tucker, Spencer, 1937– II. Title: World War Two at sea. D770.W66 2011 940.54'503—dc23 2011042142 ISBN: 978-1-59884-457-3 EISBN: 978-1-59884-458-0 15 14 13 12 11 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details. ABC-CLIO, LLC 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America To Malcolm “Kip” Muir Jr., scholar, gifted teacher, and friend. This page intentionally left blank Contents About the Editor ix Editorial Advisory Board xi List of Entries xiii Preface xxiii Overview xxv Entries A–Z 1 Chronology of Principal Events of World War II at Sea 823 Glossary of World War II Naval Terms 831 Bibliography 839 List of Editors and Contributors 865 Categorical Index 877 Index 889 vii This page intentionally left blank About the Editor Spencer C.
    [Show full text]
  • USSBS Army Air Arsenal and Navy Air Depots, Report No. XIX.Pdf
    "^ ch'f _ j)_ '\lL\kk ^.^ Given By U. S. SUPT. OF DOCUMENTS THE UNITED STATES STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY Army Air Arsenal AND Navy Air Depots CORPORATION REPORT NO. XIX (AIRFRAMES AND ENGINES) Aircraft Division February 1947 o J1 V THE UNITED STATES STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY Army Air Arsenal AND Navy Air Depots CORPORATION REPORT NO. XIX (AIRFRAMES AND ENGINES) Aircraft Division Dates Of Survey: 6 October - 11 November 1945 Date of Publication: February 1947 ^)f ao-54- U. 8. SUPERiraENDENT OF DGCUMENrt APR 8 1947 This report was written primarily for the use of the United States Stra- tegic Bombing Survey in the preparation of further reports of a more compre- hensive nature. Any conclusions or opinions expressed in this report must be considered as limited to the specific material covered and as subject to further interpretation in the light of further studies conducted by the Survey. II FOREWORD The Uaitcd States Strategic Bombing Survey military ficgmcnt of the organization was drawn was established by the Secretary of War on 3 from the Army to the extent of 60 percent, and November 1944, purusant to a directive from the from the Navy to the extent of 40 perceut. Both President Roosevelt. Its mission was to con- late the Army and the Navy gave the Survey all pos- duct an impartial and expert study of the efl'ects sible assistance in furnishing men, supplies, trans- of our aerial attack on Germany, to be used in port, and mformation. The Survey operated from connection with air attacks on Japan and to estab- headquarters established in Tokyo early in Sep- lish a basis for evaluating the importance and tember 1945, with subheadquarters in Nagoya, potentialities of air power as an instrument of Osaka, Hiroshuna, and Nagasaki, and with mobile military strategy, for planning the future develop- tearns operating in ment of the JJnited States armed forces, and for other parts of Japan, the detemiinuig future economic policies with respect islands of the Pacific, and the Asiatic maiidand.
    [Show full text]
  • European Patent Bulletin 1984/37
    Bibliothek Jbrar-i 1984/37 ôibllo^ciue 12.Ö9.I984 - 1. OKT. W 0117 867 - 0118 416 EPA-EPO-OËB ISSN 0170-9305 Europäisches European Bulletin européen Patentblatt Patent Bulletin des brevets Inhalt Contents Sommaire I Veröffentlichte Anmeldungen 2 I Published Applications 3 1 Demandes publiées 3 1.1 Geordnet nach der Internationalen 1.1 Arranged in accordance with the 1.1 Classées selon la classification Patentklassifikation 8 International Patent internationale des brevets 8 1.2 (1) Geordnet nach PCT-Veröffent- Classification 8 1-2(1) Classées selon les numéros de lichungsnummern 75 1-2(1) Arranged by PCT publication publication PCT 75 1.2 (2) Geordnet nach PCT-Veröffent- number 75 1.2 (2) Classées selon les numéros de lichungsnummern 75 1.2 (2) Arranged by PCT publication publication PCT 75 1.3 (1) Geordnet nach Veröffentlichungs- number 75 1.3(1) Classées selon les numéros de nummern 76 1-3(1) Arranged by publication publication 76 1.3 (2) Geordnet nach Anmelde- number 76 1.3 (2) Classées selon les numéros des nummern 80 1.3 (2) Arranged by application demandes 80 1.4 Geordnet nach Namen der number 80 1.4 Classées selon les noms des Anmelder 85 1.4 Arranged by name of demandeurs 85 1.5 Geordnet nach benannten applicant 85 1.5 Classées selon les Etats Vertragsstaaten 95 1.5 Arranged by designated contractants désignés 95 1.6 (1) Nach Erstellung des europäischen Contracting State 95 1-6(1) Documents découverts après Recherchenberichts ermittelte neue 1.6 (1) Documents discovered after comple- l'établissement du rapport de Schriftstücke
    [Show full text]
  • Tokyo Bay the AAF in the Asiatic-Pacific Theater
    The U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II The High Road to Tokyo Bay The AAF in the Asiatic-Pacific Theater Daniel Haulman Air Force Historical Research Agency DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A Approved for Public Release Distribution Unlimited "'Aý-Iiefor Air Force History 1993 20050429 028 The High Road to Tokyo Bay In early 1942, Japanese military forces dominated a significant portion of the earth's surface, stretching from the Indian Ocean to the Bering Sea and from Manchuria to the Coral Sea. Just three years later, Japan surrendered, having lost most of its vast domain. Coordinated action by Allied air, naval, and ground forces attained the victory. Air power, both land- and carrier-based, played a dominant role. Understanding the Army Air Forces' role in the Asiatic-Pacific theater requires examining the con- text of Allied strategy, American air and naval operations, and ground campaigns. Without the surface conquests by soldiers and sailors, AAF fliers would have lacked bases close enough to enemy targets for effective raids. Yet, without Allied air power, these surface victories would have been impossible. The High Road to Tokyo Bay concentrates on the Army Air Forces' tactical operations in Asia and the Pacific areas during World War II. A subsequent pamphlet will cover the strategic bombardment of Japan. REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information.
    [Show full text]
  • Roster of Federal Libraries. INSTITUTION George Washington Univ., Washington, D.C
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 044 158 LI 002 215 AUTHOR Benton, Mildred, Comp.; Ottersen, Signe, Comp. TITLE Roster of Federal Libraries. INSTITUTION George Washington Univ., Washington, D.C. Biological Sciences Communication Project. SPONS AGENCY ERIC Clearinghouse on Library and Information Sciences, Minnt.auolis, Minn.; Federal Library Committee, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE Oct 70 NOTE 283p. EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF-$1.25 HC-$14.25 DESCRIPTORS *Directories, *Government Libraries, *Libraries, *National Libraries, School Libraries, Special Libraries ABSTRACT This Roster of Federal Libraries represents an attempt by the Federal Library Committee to identify each of the more than 1,900 individual libraries serving the many departments, committees, agencies, courts, and other formal organizational entities in the Federal Government. They include six types: Presidential, national, general, academic, school, and special or technical. Part I of the three part roster is arranged, alphabetically, within the designated Branches of the Government, then by country, state and city. Part II provides a geographic arrangement, first by country alphabetically, then by state, city, department and bureau. Part III is a listing, alphabetically, by general subject category or type of library. Within the subjects the libraries are arranged by country, state, city, department and bureau. A descriptive explanation and index to contents precedes each of the three parts. A National Plan for Federal Library Statistics has been designed by the Federal Library Committee's Subcommittee on Statistical Programs. It is scheduled for testing in fiscal year 1971 and implementation starting in fiscal year 1972. The Plan will permit accurate, annual identification of Federal libraries. Rosters, based upon information received, will be issued on a regular basis.
    [Show full text]
  • World War Ii Veteran’S Committee, Washington, Dc Under a Generous Grant from the Dodge Jones Foundation 2
    W WORLD WWAR IIII A TEACHING LESSON PLAN AND TOOL DESIGNED TO PRESERVE AND DOCUMENT THE WORLD’S GREATEST CONFLICT PREPARED BY THE WORLD WAR II VETERAN’S COMMITTEE, WASHINGTON, DC UNDER A GENEROUS GRANT FROM THE DODGE JONES FOUNDATION 2 INDEX Preface Organization of the World War II Veterans Committee . Tab 1 Educational Standards . Tab 2 National Council for History Standards State of Virginia Standards of Learning Primary Sources Overview . Tab 3 Background Background to European History . Tab 4 Instructors Overview . Tab 5 Pre – 1939 The War 1939 – 1945 Post War 1945 Chronology of World War II . Tab 6 Lesson Plans (Core Curriculum) Lesson Plan Day One: Prior to 1939 . Tab 7 Lesson Plan Day Two: 1939 – 1940 . Tab 8 Lesson Plan Day Three: 1941 – 1942 . Tab 9 Lesson Plan Day Four: 1943 – 1944 . Tab 10 Lesson Plan Day Five: 1944 – 1945 . Tab 11 Lesson Plan Day Six: 1945 . Tab 11.5 Lesson Plan Day Seven: 1945 – Post War . Tab 12 3 (Supplemental Curriculum/American Participation) Supplemental Plan Day One: American Leadership . Tab 13 Supplemental Plan Day Two: American Battlefields . Tab 14 Supplemental Plan Day Three: Unique Experiences . Tab 15 Appendixes A. Suggested Reading List . Tab 16 B. Suggested Video/DVD Sources . Tab 17 C. Suggested Internet Web Sites . Tab 18 D. Original and Primary Source Documents . Tab 19 for Supplemental Instruction United States British German E. Veterans Organizations . Tab 20 F. Military Museums in the United States . Tab 21 G. Glossary of Terms . Tab 22 H. Glossary of Code Names . Tab 23 I. World War II Veterans Questionnaire .
    [Show full text]
  • Japan, 1944-47 Keywords: Migration; War; Demographic Change
    The Geography of Wartime Demographic Change: Japan, 1944-47 Keywords: Migration; war; demographic change; Japan; census; World War II Abstract This study examines the geography of demographic change in Japan at the end of World War II (1944-47) in relation to its preceding population growth trajectory. The trajectory is estimated using Japanese Census data at the prefecture level between 1920 and 1940, and subsequent annual population counts for 1944, 1945, 1946, and 1947 are compared to this trajectory to characterize and understand the impact of the War. The findings illustrate and highlight the highly unusual geographic and temporal patterns of population change at the close of the War. Key findings include a systematic characterization of prefectures according to their experience over the four years in four groups, the two largest cities, other urban prefectures, a ring of rural prefectures surrounding these urban prefectures, and peripheral rural prefectures. Similarly, each of the four years is characterized based on the unique pattern of population change specific to that year. In keeping with broad pre-War patterns, 1944 reveals a slight loss of population in rural areas and a slight gain in urban areas. 1945 is dominated by urban-to-rural migration as urban dwellers fled the cities to take refuge in rural areas from the Allied strategic bombing campaign. 1946 shows a partial reversal of the trend seen in 1945. The highlight of 1947 is the repatriation of large numbers of Japanese citizens from the territories lost by Japan in the aftermath of the War. Keywords: Migration; war; demographic change; Japan; census; World War II Introduction In terms of loss of life, World War II was “history’s deadliest quarrel” (Clodfelter, 2008, p.581).
    [Show full text]
  • The World at War
    The World at War FOREIGNAFFAIRS.COM DOWNLOAD CSS Notes, Books, MCQs, Magazines www.thecsspoint.com Download CSS Notes Download CSS Books Download CSS Magazines Download CSS MCQs Download CSS Past Papers The CSS Point, Pakistan’s The Best Online FREE Web source for All CSS Aspirants. Email: [email protected] BUY CSS / PMS / NTS & GENERAL KNOWLEDGE BOOKS ONLINE CASH ON DELIVERY ALL OVER PAKISTAN Visit Now: WWW.CSSBOOKS.NET For Oder & Inquiry Call/SMS/WhatsApp 0333 6042057 – 0726 540316 BUY CSS SOLVED MCQs BOOKS ONLINE CASH ON DELIVERY CALL/SMS 03336042057 | Visit: http://cssbooks.net International Relations By Parkash Chander 31s Edition For Order: Call/SMS 03336042057 For Order Call/SMS: 03336042057 November 2016 November 2016 Introduction Gideon Rose THE CLOUDS GATHER July 1933 Hitler’s Reich [Excerpt] The First Phase cover photo: courtesy reuters courtesy photo: cover Hamilton Fish Armstrong April 1935 The Expansion of Japanese Rule Edgar Packard Dean January 1937 The Jews of Eastern Europe [Excerpt] Desider Kiss April 1938 America Rearms [Excerpt] Hanson W. Baldwin January 1939 Armistice at Munich [Excerpt] Hamilton Fish Armstrong THE STORM BREAKS October 1939 Hitler Could Not Stop [Excerpt] Hermann Rauschning January 1940 Blitzkreig [Excerpt] Henry J. Reilly October 1940 The Downfall of France [Excerpt] Hamilton Fish Armstrong October 1941 Anglo-American Pitfalls [Excerpt] Geoffrey Crowther October 1941 Let Japan Choose [Excerpt] Eugene Staley Winter 1991/92 Pearl Harbor: Documents: The Rising Sun in the Pacific Samuel Eliot Morison April 1942 America at War: Three Bad Months [Excerpt] Hanson W. Baldwin July 1942 Hitler’s Transfers of Population in Eastern Europe [Excerpt] Hedwig Wachenheim October 1942 The Spirit of Resistance [Excerpt] Victor Vinde January 1943 America at War: The First Year [Excerpt] Hanson W Baldwin October 1943 Datum Point Hamilton Fish Armstrong January 1944 America at War: The End of the Second Year [Excerpt] Hanson W.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloading Subscription Order Form At
    Ralph Angel Atom Ariola Micah Bateman VOLT Michael Berton Brian Blanchfield 2013 Bruce Bond James Nicholas Brook Christy Davids Carol Ann Davis Thomas Doran Bailey Cox Duncan VOLT Elaine Equi VOLT Lisa Fishman Stephanie Ford Shamala Gallagher Emily Hostutler Claudia Keelan Rebecca Lehmann Brian Lucas Alessandra Lynch Anthony Madrid Siwar Masannat Kate Menzies Richard O. Moore Laura Mullen Sara Mumulo Dusty Neu Anne Pelletier 18 VOLUME Anthony Robbins Carmen Giminez Smith Cole Swensen Ken Taylor Gale Marie Thomson Erica Tom 18 EighteenVolt VOLT A Magazine of the Arts Founder and Editor: Gillian Conoley Managing Editor: Iris Jamahl-Dunkle Production Editor & Layout Design: Steve Galbreath Assistant Editors: Paula Koneazny Marjorie Stein Interns: Victoria Barnett, Joshua Cantu, Annie Clark, Lauren Funaro, Hassey Gascar, Inga Harned, Emilie Hechanova, Brian Hunt, Dylan McGee, Britney Minar, Dimitri Nicholson, Ashley Prado, Matthew Robertson, Stephanie Schmidt, Benjamin Trosper, Michelle Buzas, Lisa Cronomiz, Jamila Dozier, Taylor Gallagher, Kaitlyn Lyman, Kate Lynn, Andrew Sauro, Rick Solomon, Lauren Wagner Cover is So Soon This Burst Of... by Brian Lucas, 12 x 9 inches, watercolor on paper VOLT is published by Sonoma State University, Instructionally Related Activities. www.voltpoetry.com. Pacific Film and Literary Association. Mailing Address: English Department, Nichols Hall Sonoma State University 1801 East Cotati Avenue Rohnert Park, CA 94928-3609 Distributors: Small Press Distribution (Berkeley, CA: 510.524.1668). Libraries may order from: EBSCO Subscription Services, PO Box 1943, Birmingham, AL 35210-1943 This is VOLUME EIGHTEEN, copyright 2013 by VOLT. Subscriptions: One annual issue, $13. Two issues, $26. Three issues, $36. Individuals may subscribe by downloading subscription order form at www.voltpoetry.com VOLT is listed in the Library of Congress.
    [Show full text]