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Discourses of Collective Identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770–1945)

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Discourses of Collective Identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770–1945) DISCOURSES OF COLLECTIVE IDENTITY IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHEAST EUROPE (1770–1945) TEXTS AND COMMENTARIES VOLUME I LATE ENLIGHTENMENT – EMERGENCE OF THE MODERN ‘NATIONAL IDEA’ DISCOURSES OF COLLECTIVE IDENTITY IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHEAST EUROPE (1770–1945) TEXTS AND COMMENTARIES EDITORIAL COMMITTEE AHMET ERSOY, MACIEJ GÓRNY, VANGELIS KECHRIOTIS, MICHAL KOPEČEK, BOYAN MANCHEV, BALÁZS TRENCSÉNYI, MARIUS TURDA DISCOURSES OF COLLECTIVE IDENTITY IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHEAST EUROPE (1770–1945) TEXTS AND COMMENTARIES VOLUME I LATE ENLIGHTENMENT – EMERGENCE OF THE MODERN ‘NATIONAL IDEA’ Edited by Balázs Trencsényi and Michal Kopeček CENTRAL EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY PRESS Budapest ! New York ©2006 by Ahmet Ersoy, Maciej Górny, Vangelis Kechriotis, Michal Kopeček, Boyan Manchev, Balázs Trencsényi, Marius Turda Published in 2006 by Central European University Press An imprint of the Central European University Share Company Nádor utca 11, H-1051 Budapest, Hungary Tel: +36-1-327-3138 or 327-3000 Fax: +36-1-327-3183 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.ceupress.com 400 West 59th Street, New York NY 10019, USA Tel: +1-212-547-6932 Fax: +1-646-557-2416 E-mail: [email protected] All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the permission of the Publisher. ISBN 963 7326 52 9 cloth 978-963-7326-52-3 963 7326 51 0 ö LibrAry of Congress CAtAloging-in-PublicAtion DAtA Discourses of collective identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770-1945) : texts and commentaries / edited by Balázs Trencsényi and Michal Kopecek. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-10: 9637326529 (v. 1) ISBN-13: 978-9637326523 (v. 1) 1. Europe, Eastern--History--Sources. 2. Nationalism--Europe, Eastern--History--Sources. 3. Ethnicity--Europe, Eastern--History--Sources. I. Trencsényi, Balázs, 1973- II. Kopecek, Michal. III. Title. DJK3.D577 2006 943.0009'034--dc22 2006000224 Printed in Hungary by Akadémiai Nyomda, Martonvásár v Contributors Robert Pynsent Anatol Schmied-Kowarzik Ildiko Erdei Dušan Škvarna Ahmet Ersoy Funda Soysal Maciej Górny Rigels Halili Nikola Iordanovski Translations by Hamza Karčić Mieczys!aw B. Biskupski (from Polish) Vangelis Kechriotis Krištof Bodrič (from Serbian) Paschalis Kitromilides Anna Bryson (from Czech) László Kontler Richard Clogg (from Greek) Michal Kopeček Zornitsa Dimova (from Bulgarian) Pavol Lukáč Ahmet Ersoy (from Ottoman Turkish) Boyan Manchev Edward St. John Fairman (from Albanian) Teodora Shek Brnardić Rigels Halili (from Albanian) Balázs Trencsényi Nikola Iordanovski (from Macedonian) Marius Turda Hamza Karčić (from Bosnian) Elie Kedourie (from French) Mary Kitroeff (from Greek and French) Consultants Mária Kovács (from Romanian) Zuzanna "adyga (from Polish) Bojan Aleksov H. C. Robbins Landon (from German) Sorin Antohi Gordon MacLean (from Czech) ć Zrinka Blaževi Michael J. Mikoś (from Polish) Guido Franzinetti Dávid Oláh (from Hungarian) Miroslav Hroch Derek Paton (from Czech and German) Maciej Janowski Iva Polak (from Croatian and Latin) č ć Fikret Kar i Petr Roubal (from Czech) Jeremy King Robert Russell (from Czech and German) Paschalis Kitromilides Teodora Shek Brnardić (from Croatian and French) Pavel Kolář Antonis Liakos Elena Mannová Copy-editor István Margócsy Diana Mishkova Frank Schaer Table of Contents Acknowledgments ................................................................................................ ix Inter-texts of identity ............................................................................................ 1 Introduction László Kontler: The Enlightenment in Central Europe? ..................................... 33 Paschalis M. Kitromilides: The Enlightenment in Southeast Europe: Intro- ductory considerations .................................................................................... 45 Chapter I. The Transformation of Symbolic Geography Ivan Lovrić: The customs of the Morlachs .......................................................... 57 Iosipos Moisiodax: Apology ................................................................................ 65 Daniil Philippidis and Grigorios Constantas: Novel geography .......................... 73 Johann Pezzl: Sketch of Vienna ........................................................................... 80 Stanis!aw Staszic: On the statistics of Poland ..................................................... 86 Josef Dobrovský: Concerning the constant and enduring allegiance of the Slav peoples to the House of Austria ...................................................................... 97 Dinicu Golescu: Account of my journey .............................................................. 104 Joakim Vujić: Characteristics of the Serbian people .......................................... 112 Pashko Vasa: The truth on Albania and Albanians ............................................. 118 Chapter II. Cultural and Historiographical Narratives of Identity Joseph von Sonnenfels: On the love of Fatherland ............................................. 127 Franciszek Salezy Jezierski: Some words, alphabetically ordered ..................... 132 Józef Wybicki: Dąbrowski Mazurka ................................................................... 137 Adamantios Korais: Report on the present state of civilization in Greece ......... 141 György Bessenyei: Oration on the subject-matter of the country ....................... 148 Ján Hrdlička: The Slovak nation .......................................................................... 155 viii Antonín Puchmajer: Ode to John Žižka of Trocnov ............................................ 162 Petru Maior: The history of Romanian beginnings in Dacia ............................... 169 Ion Budai-Deleanu: The Gypsy epic .................................................................... 177 Ivan Seliminski: Letter to Georgi Zolotovich ...................................................... 182 İbrahim Şinasi: Odes ............................................................................................ 188 Chapter III. Creating an Enlightened National Public Alois Blumauer: Observations on Austria’s Enlightenment and literature ........ 197 Karel Thám: Apology of the Czech language ...................................................... 202 Dimitrios Katartzis: Advice to the youth .............................................................. 210 Dositej Obradović: Letter to Haralampije ........................................................... 218 Josip Voltić: A dictionary of the Illyrian, Italian, and German languages ......... 223 József Kármán: The refinement of the nation ...................................................... 231 Bernard Bolzano: Concerning the relations between the two peoples of Bohemia .......................................................................................................... 237 Neofit Rilski: Bulgarian grammar ...................................................................... 246 Partenij Zografski: Thoughts about the Bulgarian language .............................. 252 Naum Veqilharxhi: A preface to young Albanian boys ....................................... 258 Chapter IV. Reform and Revolution: FormAtting the Enlightened Polity Joseph Richter: Joseph II’s Prayer-Book ............................................................ 265 József Hajnóczy: Letter to Miklós Forgách ........................................................ 270 Supplex Libellus Valachorum .............................................................................. 276 The Targowica Confederation ............................................................................. 282 Tadeusz Kościuszko: Po!aniec Manifesto ........................................................... 286 Alojzy Feliński: Hymn ......................................................................................... 293 Rigas Velestinlis: New political constitution ....................................................... 297 Patriarch Anthimos: Paternal instruction ............................................................ 304 Tomo Bassegli: Patriotic musings ....................................................................... 312 Đorđe Petrović (Karađorđe): Letter to Petar Petrović Njegoš ............................ 319 Naum Râmniceanu: Important treatise ............................................................... 324 Mustafa Reşid Paşa: The Gülhane Edict ............................................................. 332 Ivan Frano Jukić: Wishes and pleas of Christians in Bosnia to Sultan Abdül- mecid ............................................................................................................... 340 Program of the Albanian League of Prizren ....................................................... 347 Acknowledgments First of all, we would like to thank Diana Mishkova who supported the project from the beginning and has helped us far beyond the scope com- monly expected from the director of a hosting institution to bring these vol- umes to completion. We are also extremely grateful to the entire staff of the Center for Advanced Study Sofia who facilitated our work immensely during our numerous meetings and provided a pleasant working atmosphere in all regards. We would like to thank especially Denitza Lozanova-Hinkova, who provided invaluable technical assistance to the project. No collaborative project of this sort is viable without substantial financial help making it possible for
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