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I I II Ustanak KRAJNJE Мр Добривоје Јовановић ЈАГОДИНСКА, ЋУПРИЈСКА И ПАРАЋИНСКА НАХИЈА У ПРВОМ И ДРУГОМ СРПСКОМ УСТАНКУ Јагодина 2009. Добривоје Јовановић ЈАГОДИНСКА, ЋУПРИЈСКА И ПАРАЋИНСКА НАХИЈА У ПРВОМ И ДРУГОМ СРПСКОМ УСТАНКУ Издавач Историјски архив Јагодина За издавача Мр Дејан Танић Рецензент Проф. др Радош Љушић Лектура Босиљка Дида Михајловић Превод увода и закључка Вера Јовановић Технички уредник Оливер Ђорђевић Коректура Светлана Мишковић Љиљана Јовановић Штампа Графика „Трумпић“, Јагодина Тираж 200 ISBN: 978-86-87479-05-0 Јагодина 2009. 3 мр Добривоје Јовановић УВОД рви и други српски устанак су изузетно важни историјски догађаји, Пјер су темељ стварања српске нације и нововековне српске државе. Време устанака је важно за конституисање Србије као водеће државе на Балкану и најважније земље у борби против турске доминације. Током устанака формирана је свест о коначном ослобођењу од Турака, и она је била главна идеја у јавним или тајним плановима. Са ослобађањем, ствара се идеја и о стварању заједничке државе српског народа. Упоредо са тим, Србија је чинила много и на буђењу националне свести осталих балканских народа. После устанка односи на Балкану почели су из темеља да се мењају. Окретање Србије најважнијим националним циљевима није могло бити остварено без великих сукоба са Турском и великим политичким активностима осталих великих сила. Јагодинска и Ћупријска нахија биле су поприште великих, чак судбоносних сукоба зараћених страна. Од самог почетка концентрација устаничких јединица у овим нахијама била је значајна, како због заштите јужне границе Пашалука, тако и због ширења устанка. Зато је значај овог простора увек био велики током оба устанка. У многим устаничким активностима на територији ових нахија учествовале су најзначајније вође устанка. До сада сви важнији устанички догађаји, осим битке на Иванковцу, нису у довољној мери истраживани. Врло мало се зна о првим акцијама устаника и јаничара, којима би се омогућила контрола јужне границе Пашалука. Врло мало се зна и о таквим догађајима који су имали изузетну важност за опстанак устанка и изградњу српско- турских односа. То се пре свега односи на заустављање турских офанзива 1806. и 1809. године, на Јасичку и Варваринску битку, на припрему одбране 1813. године, на Хаџи Проданову буну, на концентрацију најважнијих устаничких јединица ради спречавања турског продора 1815. године и на преговоре кнеза Милоша и Марашли Али-паше у манастиру Јошаници и Ћуприји. Пошто су се наведене активности одигравале на овим просторима, изузетно је значајно истражити сваку страну тих односа. 5 ЈАГОДИНСКА, ЋУПРИЈСКА И ПАРАЋИНСКА НАХИЈА У ПРВОМ И ДРУГОМ СРПСКОМ УСТАНКУ Зато су и основни циљеви истраживања везани за тадашње активности устаника и Порте у догађајима, који су се пре свега одигравали на територији ових нахија, али и кроз учешће појединаца или војних јединица са овог подручја у тим активностима. Ова студија по први пут износи на целовит начин податке о овом изузетном националном покрету с почетка 19. века и значај који су ове нахије имале у том покрету,а он је био велики, јер су се нахије налазиле на врло важним комуникацијама, пре свега на Цариградском друму и на прелазима преко Мораве. Рад се дели на неколико целина, које хронолошки прате развој устанка на овим просторима. Први део обухвата период од завршетка Кочине крајине, па до почетка Првог српског устанка. Други део описује почетак устанка и ослобађање територије уз учешће првих личности устанка: Карађорђа, Младена Миловановића, Милана Обреновића, Станоја Главаша и других. Следећи део износи све чињенице о Иванковачкој бици, вероватно преломном и једном од најважнијих догађаја устаничке Србије. Четврти део износи чињенице о покретима устаничке војске према Нишу и Крушевцу и ослобађању неких територија, као и о изградњи Делиграда. У овим војним операцијама углавном су учествовале јединице из Јагодинске и Ћупријске нахије. Време мира и покретање привредних активности, насељавање становништва, обнова одбрамбених положаја, почетак рада основних школа и слично, теме су петог дела ове студије. У шестом делу износе се подаци о поразу устаника на Чегру, где су пострадали војници из Ћупријске нахије, као и заустављању турске офанзиве на Морави и код Јагодине. Следећа 1810. година такође је била важна за опстанак устанка. На територији Јагодинске нахије, код Јасике и Варварина, уз помоћ руске војске, одбрањена је Србија. Следећа поглавља износе податке о свим важнијим питањима устанка, која су се односила на територију Јагодинске и Ћупријске нахије или на личности са ових простора. Последњи део, који се односи на Први српски устанак, описује догађаје из 1813. године и значај које су ове нахије имале у креирању и реализацији одбрамбене стратегије устаника. У Јагодини су одржана два најважнија договора око формирања ратних планова. Код Јагодине и Ћуприје уређивани су положаји за одбрану. Устаничке јединице Јагодинске и Ћупријске нахије, поред одбране прелаза преко Мораве, налазиле су се и на Делиграду и у источној Србији. У делу студије која се односи на Други српски устанак, такође је хронолошки дат развој догађаја и на тај начин истакнут изузетан значај Јагодинске и Ћупријске нахије. У овом делу износе се подаци и о трагичној судбини народа после доласка Турака. У 1815. години на 6 мр Добривоје Јовановић овим просторима налазиле су се многобројне устаничке јединице под командом најзначајнијих устаничких вођа, јер је требало зауставити могуће продоре турских јединица из Ћуприје. Уз опис сукоба са турском војском, као и о међусобним односима Срба и Турака, посебно је истакнут почетак и завршетак преговора кнеза Милоша и Марашли Али-паше. У посебном делу дати су основни биографски подаци свих важнијих личности из Јагодинске и Ћупријске нахије, које су учествовале у устанцима. Студија је рађена на основу објављених извора из фондова аустријских, француских и руских архива, као и сачуваних фондова у домаћим архивима. У недостатку других извора, или допуни сазнања о појединим догађајима, коришћена су сећања устаника, који се налазе у фондовима САНУ. Од објављене литературе, коришћена су најважнија дела, која су рађена на основу релевантних извора. 7 ЈАГОДИНСКА, ЋУПРИЈСКА И ПАРАЋИНСКА НАХИЈА У ПРВОМ И ДРУГОМ СРПСКОМ УСТАНКУ PREFACE The First and the Second Serbian Uprising are extremely important historical event, because they are the foundation of creation Serbian nation and new Serbian country. Relations on the Balkan Peninsula stared to change after the uprising. The time of the uprising is relevant for the constitution of Serbia as a leading country on the Balkan Peninsula and the most important state in a fight against Turkish dominance. Conscience about final liberation from Turkey was formed during that period and it was the main idea in public and secret plans. At the same time with liberation, the idea about creating a common country for Serbian people was developed. Parallel with that, Serbia did a lot for awakening the national conscience of other Balkan nations. Serbia`s turning to the most important national goals couldn`t be realized without big conflicts with Turkey and big political activities of the other great powers. Jagodina and Cuprija`s nahijas were scenes of huge, even fateful combats of warring sides. From the very beginning, gathering of rebel units units was significant for protection the southern border of Pasaluk and for rebellion`s expansion. The significance of this area has always been great during both uprisings. The most important leaders of uprising participated in many rebel activities on the territory of these nahijas. Until now, all significant rebel events, except for the battle of Ivankovac, haven`t been researched enough. We know very little about the rebel and janizary`s first actions for the control of south border of Pasaluk. Also, we are not very familiar with events significant for uprising`s survival and establishment of Serbian-Turkish relations. It is related to the stopping of Turkish offensive in 1806 and 1809, the battles of Jasika and Varvarin, preparation for defense in 1813, Hadzi Prodan`s revelt, the gathering of the most important rebel units for prevention Turkish breakthroungh in 1815 and negotiations between duke Milos and Marasli Ali-pasa in Cuprija. Because the stated activities took place in this area, it is extremely important to research every aspect of those relations. That is why the basic goals of the research are related to the rebel and Porta`s activities of that time in happenings which took place on the territory of this nahijas, but also 8 мр Добривоје Јовановић through the participation of individuals or military units from this region in those activities. This study for the first time states the facts about this great national movement from the beginning of the 19th century and the importance this nahijas had in the movement. And it was huge because the nahijas were located on very important roads, especially on Carigrad`s road and on the crossing over Morava River. This study is divided into several chapters, which chronologically follow the development of uprising on this territory. The first part is about the period from the end of Koca`s krajina till the beginning of the uprising. The second describes the beginning of the uprising and liberation the territory, with participation of first men of the uprising: Karadjordje, Mladen Milovanovic, Milan Obrenovic, Stanoje Glavas and others. The next chapter gives the facts about the battle of Ivankovac, probadly crucial event in rebel Serbia. The forth part is about movement of rebel army towards Nis and Krusevac, liberation of certain territories and about Deligrad`s building. Units from Jagodina and Cuprija`s nahijas participated in these military operations. Themes of the fifth chapter are time of peace, start of economic activity, settling population, renewal of defensive positions and the beginning of elementaty schools. Facts about rebel`s defeat on Cegar, where soldiers from Cuprija`s nahija were killed, are given in the sixth part. Also, the stoppage of Turkish offensive on Morava and near Jagodina is described here. 1810 was also important for survival of the uprising. Serbia was defended on Jagodina`s territory, near Jasika and Varvarin, with a help from Russian army.
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