SERVICE IN IRAQ: TWO VIEWS I SHOOTING FROM THE HIP(PIE) I FS FICTION $4.50 / SEPTEMBER 2011 OREIGN ERVICE FJ O U R N A L S THE MAGAZINE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS PROFESSIONALS REFLECTIONS ON 9/11 How the Foreign Service Has Changed — advertisement — OREIGN ERVICE FJ O U R N A L S CONTENTS September 2011 Volume 88, No. 9 C OVER S TORY THE FOREIGN SERVICE A DECADE AFTER 9/11 / 16 AFSA members reflect on changes in the Foreign Service following, and because of, the terrible events of Sept. 11, 2001. By Steven Alan Honley F EATURES EXPEDITIONARY DIPLOMACY FROM THE GROUND UP / 30 Hammering the square peg of expeditionary diplomacy into the round hole of State Department regulations can be a complicated process. By Scott McFadden Cover illustration by Ben Fishman Photography courtesy BLOOMSDAY IN BAGHDAD: READING JOYCE IN IRAQ / 32 of iStockphoto.com Ulysses is a sprawling, confusing, difficult novel, with a narrative arc that never seems to make much progress. A perfect choice for Baghdad. By William V. Roebuck HIPPIE CONTROL OFFICER / 35 An unconventional appellation leads to unexpected consequences for a new FSO. RESIDENT S IEWS P ’ V / 5 By Larry Lesser Diplomacy after 9/11: More Important than Ever By Susan R. Johnson F ICTION REFLECTIONS / 76 Paying Tribute DRIVING IN PARK / 39 By Melanie Settje Quick thinking and reflexes get a U.S. embassy employee out of a jam. By Peter Brennan LETTERS / 7 CYBERNOTES / 13 MARKETPLACE / 15 BOOKS / 43 IN MEMORY / 61 INDEX TO ADVERTISERS / 74 SEPTEMBER 2011/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 3 OREIGN ERVICE CONTENTS FJ O U R N A L S EWS A F S A N Editor STEVEN ALAN HONLEY AFSA PRESENTS AWARDS FOR DISSENT AND PERFORMANCE / 47 Senior Editor NEWS BRIEFS / 48 SUSAN B. MAITRA Associate Editor VP STATE: QDDR: CHANGING THE GAME SHAWN DORMAN AND CHANGING THE RULES / 49 AFSA News Editor DONNA AYERST VP USAID: QDDR: CLOSING THE EXPERIENCE GAP? / 50 Ad & Circulation Manager AFSA GOVERNING BOARD ELECTION RESULTS / 51 ED MILTENBERGER Art Director REPORT FROM AFSA-PAC TREASURER / 51 CARYN SUKO SMITH 2011 AFSA AWARDS CELEBRATE DISSENT AND PERFORMANCE / 52 Editorial Intern ASA MACLAY HORNER WITNESS TO TRAGEDY: A REFLECTION ON THE 10TH ANNIVERSARY / 54 EDITORIAL BOARD AFSA BOOK NOTES: WASHINGTON RULES: TED WILKINSON Chairman AMERICA’S PATH TO PERMANENT WAR / 55 KELLY ADAMS-SMITH AFSA HONORS KENNAN AWARD WINNER / 55 JOSEPH BRUNS STEPHEN W. BUCK FOREIGN SERVICE YOUTH AWARD RECIPIENTS ANNOUNCED / 56 JULIE GIANELLONI CONNOR MARY E. GLANTZ TO OLLABORATE WITH AFSA C MSU / 57 GEORGE JONES AFSA-FPA EVENTS SPREAD AWARENESS OF FS WORK / 57 KATE WIEHAGEN LEONARD LYNN ROCHE CLASSIFIEDS / 58 RACHEL SCHNELLER JAMES P. SEEVERS THE MAGAZINE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS PROFESSIONALS Foreign Service Journal (ISSN 0146-3543), 2101 E Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037-2990 is published monthly with a combined July-August issue by the American Foreign Service Associa- tion (AFSA), a private, nonprofit organization. Material appearing herein represents the opin- ions of the writers and does not necessarily rep- resent the views of the Journal, the Editorial Board or AFSA. Writer queries and submissions are invited, preferably by e-mail. Journal sub- scription: AFSA members – $13 included in an- nual dues; others – $40. For foreign surface mail, add $18 per year; foreign airmail, $36 per year. Periodical postage paid at Washington, D.C., and at additional mailing offices. Indexed by Public Affairs Information Services (PAIS). The Journal is not responsible for unsolicited manuscripts, photos or illustrations. Advertising inquiries are invited. The appearance of advertisements herein does not imply the endorsement of the services or goods offered. TELEPHONE: (202) 338-4045 FAX: (202) 338-8244 or (202) 338-6820 E-MAIL: [email protected] WEB: www.afsa.org; www.fsjournal.org © American Foreign Service Association, 2011. Printed in the U.S.A. Send address changes to: AFSA Attn: Address Change 2101 E Street N.W. Washington DC 20037-2990 Printed on 50-percent recycled paper, of which 10 percent is post-consumer waste. 4 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/SEPTEMBER 2011 PRESIDENT’S VIEWS Diplomacy after 9/11: More Important than Ever BY SUSAN R. JOHNSON This issue of AFSA’s Foreign through sustained dialogue mastered and old lessons relearned. Service Journal focuses on the and negotiation to promote Paradoxically, since 9/11 the value impact of the Sept. 11, 2001, our national interests and val- of diplomacy seems eclipsed by major terrorist attacks on American ues, while avoiding costly mil- military interventions, especially in diplomacy. With a decade’s per- itary conflict. For this basic Iraq and Afghanistan. It is far from spective, we must ask whether purpose, a strong economy clear that the role of diplomacy and the terrorism is the central chal- and political system are a sine need for a strong institutional basis and lenge to our national security and in- qua non and diplomacy, along with de- professional service are well under- terests, and whether diplomacy is less fense and intelligence, is a critical tool. stood or appreciated. or more relevant in today’s world. It is This is particularly true because the The budget cutting called for under debatable whether the 9/11 attacks drivers of global change are amor- the various approaches to deficit re- could have been averted, but there is a phous, with no defined or consistent duction being put forward seems set to body of opinion that walking away center of gravity. They cannot be ad- damage our long under-resourced from Afghanistan after a decade-long dressed by military means alone. In- diplomatic and development services engagement in the 1980s left a dan- terestingly, it is our military and busi- at the very moment when our national gerous vacuum and was an error. ness sector leadership who seem to interests call for them to be strength- As a global power, America needs to recognize this most clearly and who are ened, including by more and better remain engaged around the world. speaking out most consistently on the professional education and training. This engagement has to be multidi- need for investing more in diplomacy What can AFSA do? mensional and responsive to the broad and development. Both former Secre- As the professional association rep- range of contemporary challenges, tary of Defense Robert Gates, and his resenting active-duty and retired mem- rather than dominated by a narrow successor, Leon Panetta, have called bers of the Foreign Service, we must focus on any single threat. for the Department of State and the organize ourselves for more effective While the United States has fo- U.S. Agency for International Devel- and sustained advocacy for the re- cused on countering international ter- opment to receive the resources they sources we need, for reforms that in- rorism, for understandable reasons, need to build strong, professional volve innovative use of the resources other phenomena have been deter- diplomatic and development services, we have, and for more education and mining the shape of international rela- in parallel with our outstanding pro- training to ensure that we can recruit tions. Today, the fundamental drivers fessional military forces. and develop the talent we need to of change include demographics, tech- The international situation is more build the premier diplomatic and de- nology and globalization, accompanied complex than ever today. There are no velopment services America needs. by the emergence of new power cen- neat solutions to either the longstand- The newly elected 2011-2013 AFSA ters and increased competition in com- ing conflicts in the Middle East, Asia, Governing Board will focus on ways to merce, political influence and access Africa and Europe, or to the newer ones do this at its strategic planning retreat to, and control of, resources. emerging. Effective diplomacy is there- in mid-September. I invite you to send The fundamental role of diplomacy fore more challenging and more vital your thoughts to [email protected] in is to help manage these new forces than ever before. New tools need to be advance. I SEPTEMBER 2011/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 5 LETTERS A Message from D with a transparent OCO budget that from the legislation raising the debt As you know firsthand, the men and portrays the whole-of-government ap- ceiling, which included instructions for women of the State Department and proach to these operations by aligning future reductions in spending. For the U.S. Agency for International Devel- military and civilian costs. As the num- first time, the State Department — opment serve in Washington and in ber of troops in Iraq is reduced and the along with Defense, Homeland Secu- every corner of the world in support of scope of the State Department and rity and some veterans’ affairs spending our foreign policy objectives. During USAID’s duties increases, the Depart- — has been was included in the “secu- the past two years, Secretary of State ment of Defense’s costs will decrease rity” spending category. Hillary Rodham Clinton has worked by $45 billion, while our proposed in- While the final allocations remain with Congress to identify the resources crease is less than $4 billion. That’s an unknown at press time, we do know required to perform our critical mis- impressive savings by any yardstick. that maintaining leadership requires re- sions around the world and to elevate Our mission in Iraq is difficult and solve and resources. As Sec. Clinton diplomacy and development — the challenging. AFSA’s president, Ambas- has said, “American leadership is not a components of our civilian power — in sador Susan Johnson, raised good ques- birthright; it’s an achievement.” partnership with defense as the three tions in her Senate testimony earlier Our diplomats, development ex- pillars of our national security strategy.