View of the Russian Sound System
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Department of English and American Studies
Masaryk University Faculty of Arts Department of English and American Studies English Language and Literature Petra Jureková The Pronunciation of English in Czech, Slovak and Russian Speakers Bachelor‟s Diploma Thesis Supervisor: PhDr. Kateřina Tomková, Ph.D. 2015 I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. …………………………………………… Author‟s signature 2 I would like to express gratitude to my supervisor, PhDr. Kateřina Tomková, Ph.D., and thank her for her advice, patience, kindness and help. I would also like to thank all the volunteers that participated in the research project. 3 Table of contents List of tables ...................................................................................................................... 5 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 7 1.1. English as an important language for international communication .................. 7 1.2. Acquisition of a foreign language ...................................................................... 8 1.2.1. English as a foreign language ..................................................................... 8 1.2.2. Pronunciation .............................................................................................. 8 1.3. About the thesis .................................................................................................. 9 2. English phonetic system ........................................................................................ -
Using 'North Wind and the Sun' Texts to Sample Phoneme Inventories
Blowing in the wind: Using ‘North Wind and the Sun’ texts to sample phoneme inventories Louise Baird ARC Centre of Excellence for the Dynamics of Language, The Australian National University [email protected] Nicholas Evans ARC Centre of Excellence for the Dynamics of Language, The Australian National University [email protected] Simon J. Greenhill ARC Centre of Excellence for the Dynamics of Language, The Australian National University & Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History [email protected] Language documentation faces a persistent and pervasive problem: How much material is enough to represent a language fully? How much text would we need to sample the full phoneme inventory of a language? In the phonetic/phonemic domain, what proportion of the phoneme inventory can we expect to sample in a text of a given length? Answering these questions in a quantifiable way is tricky, but asking them is necessary. The cumulative col- lection of Illustrative Texts published in the Illustration series in this journal over more than four decades (mostly renditions of the ‘North Wind and the Sun’) gives us an ideal dataset for pursuing these questions. Here we investigate a tractable subset of the above questions, namely: What proportion of a language’s phoneme inventory do these texts enable us to recover, in the minimal sense of having at least one allophone of each phoneme? We find that, even with this low bar, only three languages (Modern Greek, Shipibo and the Treger dialect of Breton) attest all phonemes in these texts. -
Phonetics and Phonology in Russian Unstressed Vowel Reduction: a Study in Hyperarticulation
Phonetics and Phonology in Russian Unstressed Vowel Reduction: A Study in Hyperarticulation Jonathan Barnes Boston University (Short title: Hyperarticulating Russian Unstressed Vowels) Jonathan Barnes Department of Modern Foreign Languages and Literatures Boston University 621 Commonwealth Avenue, Room 119 Boston, MA 02215 Tel: (617) 353-6222 Fax: (617) 353-4641 [email protected] Abstract: Unstressed vowel reduction figures centrally in recent literature on the phonetics-phonology interface, in part owing to the possibility of a causal relationship between a phonetic process, duration-dependent undershoot, and the phonological neutralizations observed in systems of unstressed vocalism. Of particular interest in this light has been Russian, traditionally described as exhibiting two distinct phonological reduction patterns, differing both in degree and distribution. This study uses hyperarticulation to investigate the relationship between phonetic duration and reduction in Russian, concluding that these two reduction patterns differ not in degree, but in the level of representation at which they apply. These results are shown to have important consequences not just for theories of vowel reduction, but for other problems in the phonetics-phonology interface as well, incomplete neutralization in particular. Introduction Unstressed vowel reduction has been a subject of intense interest in recent debate concerning the nature of the phonetics-phonology interface. This is the case at least in part due to the existence of two seemingly analogous processes bearing this name, one typically called phonetic, and the other phonological. Phonological unstressed vowel reduction is a phenomenon whereby a given language's full vowel inventory can be realized only in lexically stressed syllables, while in unstressed syllables some number of neutralizations of contrast take place, with the result that only a subset of the inventory is realized on the surface. -
Russian Voicing Assimilation, Final Devoicing, and the Problem of [V] (Or, the Mouse That Squeaked)*
Russian voicing assimilation, final devoicing, and the problem of [v] (or, The mouse that squeaked)* Jaye Padgett - University of California, Santa Cruz "...the Standard Russian V...occupies an obviously intermediate position between the obstruents and the sonorants." Jakobson (1978) 1. Introduction Like the mouse that roared, the Russian consonant [v] has a status in phonology out of proportion to its size. Besides leaving a trail of special descriptive comments, this segment has played a key role in discussions about abstractness in phonology, about the manner in which long-distance spreading occurs, and about the the larger organization of phonology. This is largely because of the odd behavior of [v] with respect to final devoicing and voicing assimilation in Russian. Russian obstruents devoice word-finally, as in kniga 'book (nom. sg.) vs. knik (gen. pl.), and assimilate to the voicing of a following obstruent, gorodok 'town (nom. sg.)' vs. gorotka (gen. sg.). The role of [v] in this scenario is puzzling: like an obstruent, it devoices word-finally, krovi 'blood (gen. sg.)' vs. krofj (nom. sg.), and undergoes voicing assimilation, lavok 'bench (gen. pl.)' vs. lafka (nom. sg.). But like a sonorant, it does not trigger voicing assimilation: compare dverj 'door' and tverj 'Tver' (a town). As we will see, [v] behaves unusually in other ways as well. Why is Russian [v] special in this way? The best-known answer to this question posits that [v] is underlyingly /w/ and therefore behaves as a sonorant with respect to voicing assimilation (Lightner 1965, Daniels 1972, Coats and Harshenin 1971, Hayes 1984, Kiparsky 1985). -
Language Development of Bilingual Russian/English Speaking Children Living in the United States: a Review of the Literature" (2014)
Southern Illinois University Carbondale OpenSIUC Honors Theses University Honors Program 5-10-2014 Language Development of Bilingual Russian/ English Speaking Children Living in the United States: A Review of the Literature Jeanette D. Grosman Southern Illinois University Carbondale, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/uhp_theses Recommended Citation Grosman, Jeanette D., "Language Development of Bilingual Russian/English Speaking Children Living in the United States: A Review of the Literature" (2014). Honors Theses. Paper 365. This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the University Honors Program at OpenSIUC. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of OpenSIUC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Running Head: BILINGUAL RUSSIAN/ENGLISH-SPEAKING CHILDREN Language Development of Bilingual Russian/English Speaking Children Living in the United States: A Review of the Literature Jeanette Grosman A thesis submitted to the University Honors Program in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors Diploma Southern Illinois University Carbondale May 10, 2014 Bilingual Russian/English-Speaking Children Abstract The number of bilingual speakers in the United States is increasing. Children in particular provide unique contributions and challenges to the English-speaking communities in which they live. Various aspects of the young bilingual population have been studied, including an emphasis on the communicative abilities and trends of such children. However, there is a paucity of research regarding communication of bilingual Russian/English-speaking children. The purpose of this project is to review the existing literature on the language development of bilingual Russian/English-speaking children as compared to that of monolingual English- speaking children to establish grounds for further research about this increasing population. -
Russian Phonology Acquisition by Bi/Multilingual Children in Minority Settings
ISSN: 2158-7051 ==================== INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RUSSIAN STUDIES ==================== ISSUE NO. 9 ( 2020/2 ) RUSSIAN PHONOLOGY ACQUISITION BY BI/MULTILINGUAL CHILDREN IN MINORITY SETTINGS VERONIKA MAKAROVA *, NATALIA TEREKHOVA ** Summary This article addresses the development of the phonological system of Russian as a heritage language (RHL) in the speech by bi/multilingual children. The chapter reports the results of a qualitative study examining phonological characteristics in the Russian speech of 29 bi/multilingual children (between 5 and 6 years old) from immigrant families in Saskatchewan. The results provided with reference to Russian monolingual child (MR) speech data demonstrate that child RHL speakers produce non-canonical forms (forms different from standard adult language use) similar to the ones by MR speakers. These forms include rhotacism, consonant cluster reductions, gliding, sonorant deletions, and other processes common in child speech. Some RHL speakers also employ dialectal and colloquial forms. In particular, Southern Russian/Ukrainian [ɦ] sound use was observed in the speech of 8 participants whose parents immigrated from Eastern Ukraine. Some limited evidence suggesting the possibility of a double phonemic system (with elements of Russian and Ukrainian or Suržik) has been observed in the speech of two RHL participants. Key Words: Russian-as-a-heritage-language acquisition by children, child bilingualism, heritage language, immigrant language of Canada, sound system, phonology. Introduction A growing number of children around the world are exposed to more than one language from birth (simultaneous bilinguals) or later in life (sequential bilinguals) (Hoff 2014: 261). Children who learn a tongue other than the majority/official language from at least one parent and grow up in International Journal of Russian Studies, No. -
Contrast and Post-Velar Fronting in Russian Author(S): Jaye Padgett Source: Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, Vol
Contrast and Post-Velar Fronting in Russian Author(s): Jaye Padgett Source: Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, Vol. 21, No. 1 (Feb., 2003), pp. 39-87 Published by: Springer Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4048035 Accessed: 08/11/2008 17:57 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=springer. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Springer is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Natural Language & Linguistic Theory. http://www.jstor.org JAYEPADGETT CONTRASTAND POST-VELARFRONTING IN RUSSIAN* ABSTRACT. There is a well-known rule of Russian whereby lil is said to be realized as [i] after non-palatalizedconsonants. -
Kazakh Phonology Edward J
Kazakh Phonology Edward J. Vajda Although Kazakhstan is now an independent country, information about the Kazakh language remains largely in accessible to English speakers. The present work provides a general introduction to the language and a thorough description of its phonology. Kazakh sounds are described with reference to the letters of the Cyrillic alphabet presently in use in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Kazakh words appear in bold face type, followed by phonetic transcriptions enclosed in brackets [ ]. Standard symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet have been used for transcription, and any instances where no IPA symbol exists to represent particular nuances of Kazakh sounds have been noted. The transcriptions are not intended as transliterations: they reflect pronunciation rather than spelling, and apparent inconsistencies between ortho graphy and pronunciation are carefully explained in the section "Native Kazakh Phonology." Particular attention has been devoted to three aspects of the phonology which previous studies have examined inadequately: the status of diphthongs and diphthong-like vowels, the phonetic nature of the "hard" vs. "soft" distinction in vowels, and the inter dependence of synharmony and stress. I. Preliminary Discussion 1. Turkic and Altaic Languages Kazakh is a member of the Turkic language family, which consists of about 40 languages distributed across Asia from Turkey to northern Siberia. The tribal pre decessors of the Kazakhs seem to have coalesced by the 16th Century into a single ethnic group with a single language (Krader 1962:123). At various times in the past this people and language have been called Kirgiz, Kirgiz- Kaisak, or Kipchak (Krader 1962:124-125). -
PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY of REGRESSIVE VOICING ASSIMILATION in RUSSIAN NATIVE and NON-NATIVE SPEECH by Natalya Y. Samokhina
Phonetics and Phonology of Regressive Voicing Assimilation in Russian Native and Non-native Speech Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Samokhina, Natalya Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 29/09/2021 04:59:37 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194543 PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY OF REGRESSIVE VOICING ASSIMILATION IN RUSSIAN NATIVE AND NON-NATIVE SPEECH by Natalya Y. Samokhina _____________________ Copyright © Natalya Y. Samokhina 2010 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the GRADUATE INTERDISCIPLINARY PROGRAM IN SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AND TEACHING In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2010 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Natalya Y. Samokhina entitled Phonetics and Phonology of Regressive Voicing Assimilation in Russian Native and Non-native Speech and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________________________________________________________________ Date: Diane Ohala _______________________________________________________________________ -
The Role of Secondary-Stressed and Unstressed-Unreduced Syllables in Word Recognition: Acoustic and Perceptual Studies with Russian Learners of English
THE ROLE OF SECONDARY-STRESSED AND UNSTRESSED-UNREDUCED SYLLABLES IN WORD RECOGNITION: ACOUSTIC AND PERCEPTUAL STUDIES WITH RUSSIAN LEARNERS OF ENGLISH Elina Banzina A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY August 2012 Committee: Laura Dilley, Advisor Lynne Hewitt, Chair Sheri Wells-Jensen, Graduate Faculty Representative Alexander Goberman John Folkins © 2012 Elina Banzina All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Laura Dilley, Advisor Identifying those phonological factors that native listeners rely on most when perceiving non-native speech is critical for setting priorities in pronunciation instruction. The importance of accurate lexical stress production, particularly primary stress, has been explored. However, little is known about the role of Secondary-stressed (SS) syllables and Unstressed-unreduced (UU) syllables, and the importance of their accuracy for speech perception. These questions are of relevance for Russian learners of English, who often reduce English SS and UU vowels—a phenomenon which is arguably due to the fact that only one stressed syllable per word is allowed in Russian phonology. Moreover, second language research has not addressed the issue of vowel over-reduction, which is a pattern typical of Russian learners. Low-accuracy productions of SS and UU syllables are generally not expected to lead to unintelligibility; however, they might interfere with the ease and accuracy with which speech is perceived. An acoustic study first compared realization of SS and UU syllables in words produced in isolation by six Russian learners of English and six native English speakers. Words were selected to contain low vowels and specific UU and SS syllable positions to optimally reflect vowel reduction by Russian speakers. -
Uu Clicks Correlate with Phonotactic Patterns Amanda L. Miller
Tongue body and tongue root shape differences in N|uu clicks correlate with phonotactic patterns Amanda L. Miller 1. Introduction There is a phonological constraint, known as the Back Vowel Constraint (BVC), found in most Khoesan languages, which provides information as to the phonological patterning of clicks. BVC patterns found in N|uu, the last remaining member of the !Ui branch of the Tuu family spoken in South Africa, have never been described, as the language only had very preliminary documentation undertaken by Doke (1936) and Westphal (1953–1957). In this paper, I provide a description of the BVC in N|uu, based on lexico-statistical patterns found in a database that I developed. I also provide results of an ultrasound study designed to investigate posterior place of articulation differences among clicks. Click consonants have two constrictions, one anterior, and one posterior. Thus, they have two places of articulation. Phoneticians since Doke (1923) and Beach (1938) have described the posterior place of articulation of plain clicks as velar, and the airstream involved in their production as velaric. Thus, the anterior place of articulation was thought to be the only phonetic property that differed among the various clicks. The ultrasound results reported here and in Miller, Brugman et al. (2009) show that there are differences in the posterior constrictions as well. Namely, tongue body and tongue root shape differences are found among clicks. I propose that differences in tongue body and tongue root shape may be the phonetic bases of the BVC. The airstream involved in click production is described as velaric airstream by earlier researchers. -
Labial-Dorsal Interactions : a Phonologically Based Approach
Title: Labial-dorsal interactions : a phonologically based approach Author: Artur Kijak : Kijak Artur. (2017). Labial-dorsal interactions : a Citation style phonologically based approach. Katowice : Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego LabiaL-DorsaL interactions a PhonoLogically baseD approach LabiaL-DorsaL interactions a PhonoLogically baseD approach artur KijaK WyDaWnictWo uniWersytetu ŚLąsKiego ● KatoWice 2017 Editor of the series: Językoznawstwo Neofilologiczne Maria Wysocka Referee Eugeniusz Cyran Copy editing: Krystyna Warchał Cover design: Konrad Szcześniak Proofreading: Gabriela Marszołek Technical editing: Małgorzata Pleśniar Typesetting: Grażyna Szewczyk Copyright © 2017 by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego All rights reserved ISSN 0208-6336 ISBN 978-83-226-3252-9 (print edition) ISBN 978-83-226-3253-6 (digital edition) Publisher Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego ul. Bankowa 12B, 40-007 Katowice www.wydawnictwo.us.edu.pl e-mail: [email protected] First impression. Printed sheets 12.25. Publishing sheets 14.5. Offset paper III grade, 90 g Price 28 zł (+ VAT) Printing and binding: “TOTEM.COM.PL Sp. z o.o.” Sp.K. ul. Jacewska 89, 88-100 Inowrocław tabLe of contents Preface anD acKnowleDgments . 7 Chapter One LabiaLs anD DorsaLs in cross-theoreticaL PersPective 1. Preliminaries . 11 2. Segmental phonology . 13 2.1 Major place features . 16 3. Labials and dorsals in classical distinctive feature theories . 18 3.1 Auditory-acoustic features (Jakobson, Fant and Halle 1952) . 18 3.2 Articulatory features (Chomsky and Halle 1968) . 19 3.3 SPE under fire and post-SPE advancement . 22 4. Labials and dorsals in contemporary theories . 27 4.1 Feature geometry . 27 4.2 Dependency Phonology . 33 4.3 Perceptually oriented theories . 36 5. Element Theory .