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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 247 515 CG 017 678 AUTHOR Room, Robin, Ed.; Collins, Gary, Ed. TITLE Alcohol and Disinhibition: Nature and Meaning of the Link. Proceedings of c Conference (Berkeley/Oakland, California, February 11-13, 1981). Research Monograph No. 12. SPONS AGENCY National Inst. on Drug Abuse (DHHS/PHS), Rockville, Md. REPORT NO DHHS(ADM)-83-1246 PUB DATE 83 GRANT NIAAA-AA03524 NOTE 519p. AVAILABLE FROMSuperintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. PUB TYPE Collected Works - Conference Proceedings (021)-- Information Analyses (070)-- Reports - Research /Technical (143) EDRS PRICE MF02/PC21 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Aggression; *Alcoholism; Antisocial Behavior; *Behavior Change; Behavior Patterns; *Cultural Influences; *Social Attitudes; *Social Control IDENTIFIERS *Disinhibition ABSTRACT These conference proceedings consider the major lines of evidence on the nature and locus of the alcohol-disinhibition link. The first day's papers, commentaries and discussionsare centered on physiological and behavioral links; social-psychological research; historical ideas on alcohol, crime, and accidents; and anthropological perspectives on cultural differences. The proceedings from the second day of the conference focuson perspectives on disinhibition in American society. Presentations address general population views on the effects of alcohol, alcoholas an explanation for failure, aggression in subcultures, and drinking and disinhibition in popular culture. The third day's presentationsfocus on disinhibition and social control. Attention is given to alcohol's role in power relationships and criminal behavior. The proceedings conclude with a discussion of the implications of the presentations for future research and action. General discussion referencesare appended. (BL) **********************************************************x************ * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best thatcan be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** II LciN r-4 Research MonographNo. 12 ALCOHOL ANDDISINHIBITION: NATURE ANDMEANING OF THE LINK Proceedings ofa Conference February 11-13, 1981 Berkeley/Oakland, California Spvinsored by: Nat 1)nal Research CentersBranch, NIAAA: and Social Research Group,School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley Edited by: Robin Room and GaryCollins of the Social ResearchGroup, Berkeley U.S. DEPARTMENT OFHEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Alcohol, Drug Abuse. and Mental Health Administration Natimal Instituteon Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism 5500 Fishers Lane U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Rockville. Maryland 20857 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER IERICI This document has beenreproduced as tensedfrom the person or organization originating it Minor changes have been madeto improve ,eprorio,.flon qual.tY Po.nts of wow or up,monSslated in this docu merit do nut necessarily represent officialME poSitior, or policy 9 4 This publication is the product of a conference on alcohol anddisinhibition held in Berkeley/Oakland, California, February 11-13, 1981, cosponsoredby the Social Research Group, School of Public Health, University of California,Berkeley, and the National Alcohol Research Centers program of the NationalInstitute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. under grant numbe!. AA-03524. The presentationsherein are those of the listed authors and may notnecessarily reflect the opinions, official policy. or position of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse andAlcoholism: the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration; the PublicHealth Service: or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism hasobtained permission from the copyright holders to reproduce previously published figures andtables as noted in the text. Further reproduction of these materials isprohibited without specific permission of the copyright holder. Adapted tables of copyrightedmaterials may be copyrighted: thus, beforereprinting, readers are advised to determine the copyright status or to secure permission of the copyright holder. All othermaterial contained in the manual, except quoted passages from copyrighted sources,is in the public domain and may be used and reprinted without permission.Citation of the source is appreciated. The U.S. Government does not endorse or favor any specificcommercial product or commodity. Trade or proprietary names appearing in this publication areused only because they are considered essential in the context of the studiesreported herein. Library ofCongressCatalog Card Number: 82-600619 DHHS Publication No.(ADM) 83-1249 Printed 1983 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintingOffice Washington, D.C. 20402 3 Foreword This volume is another in the Research Monograph Series published by the National Instituteon Alcohol Abuse and Alco- holism (NIAAA). The series sets forth current informationon a number of topics relevant to alcohol abuse and alcoholismas reported through conferences and workshopson research treat- ment and prevention, as well as through state-of-the-art reviews on selected topics. This monograph reports the proceedings ofa research conference co-sponsored by the Alcohol Research Center of the University of California at Berkeley and NIAAA. The Alcohol Research Center is one of nine National Alcohol Research Centers funded by NIAAA. Although each Center's researchprogram has a specific focus on a central theme of importance to alcohol abuse and alcoholism, the Centersprogram as a whole covers a broad spectrum of problems associated with alcoholuse and misuse. Areas under investigation range from the neurophysiological effects of alcohol consumption to the various factors that influence drinking practices and attitudes toward drinking alcoholic bever- ages. In addition to their primary mission of developing new knowl- edge by conducting original research in their chosenarea, the Centers have the additional responsibility of disseminating this knowledge broadly across the scientific and lay communities. In this connection, the Centers have joined NIAAA in organizing and holding workshops and confer anceson topics close to their specialty areas. The proceedings reported in this volume represent another in the series of such collaborative activities. The purpose of the conference was to bring together researchers active in this area of study to review the current state of knowledge about the relation between alcohol consumption and the disinhi- bition of behavior. The first part of the conference focusedon pharmacologic effects of alcohol especiallyas related to aggression and violent behavior. Subsequently, the discussions expandedto the social, psychological, and cultural factors associated with disinhibitory behaviors. Approximately 50persons participated in the conference by presenting their research findings and by contributing to discussions of the scientificpapers. It is hoped that iii iv FOREWORD reporting these proceedings in this monograph will be of value to others working in this area and to those planning to do so in the future. In addition, it is hoped that the proceedings will be generally informative to anyone interested in the effects of alcohol on human behavior. Albert A. Pawlowski, Ph.D. Chief, 'ational Research Centers Branch Division of Extramural Research National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Introduction Robin Room It is a commonplace in our culture that alcohol is a disinhibitor that drunkenness not only makes one clumsy, but also removes social constraints, making us, for instance, aggressive or affection- ate, maudlin or mean, in a way that we would not be if we were sober. Often a pseudo-scientific explanation is given: "Alcohol depresses the higher centers of the brain." Such "explanations" reflect the wide popular and professional belief that disinhibition is a pharmacological property of alcohol. In everyday language and life, this presumed pharmacological action is often used toexcuse or account for otherwise inexcusable behavior; for instance, "It was just the alcohol in her talking, she didn't mean anything by it," or,as an Abscam bribery defendant explained himself, "I was drinking FBI bourbon, big glasses of it." Often disinhibited behavior after drinking is overlooked or treated as a joke. But some aspects of disinhibition are taken very seriously by our society. At a minimum, disinhibited behavior is worrisome because itis unpredictable. Beyond this, alcohol's powers as a disinhibitor are seen as making people aggressive, violent and vicious. Alcohol is widely believed to be responsible fora large part of the violence in our society. In line with this belief, in the courts drunkenness is often a partialexcuse for homicidal crimes. Th. disinhibitory effects of alcohol are thus often taken for granted in social policy. In recent years, evidence has been buildingup from a number of disciplinary areas to suggest that the link between alcohol and disinhibition is a matter of cultural belief rather than of pharma- cological action. Alcohol is certainly a psychoactive drug:we feel different when drunk than when sober. But howwe interpret those feelings, and in particular how we acton them, is largely determined by culture and circumstance: thus what is pharmacologically the same drug can makeus aggressive or passive, ebullient or morose, frenetic or immobile. In this view, psychoactivity does not determine
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