PROBLEM DRINKERS Report on Phase

DOT HS-800 630 COURT PROCEDURES FOR IDENTIFYING j^- PROBLEM DRINKERS Report on Phase The University of Michigan Highway Safety Research Institute Huron Parkway and Baxter Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105 Contract No. FH-11-7615 July 1971 Interim Report PREPARED FOR: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20590 The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this; publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. ,. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. DOT/HS-800 630 4. Title and Subtitle S. Report Date July 31 , 1971 Court Procedures for Identifying rroblem Drinkers - Report on Phase I 6. Performing Organization Code Authorts) 8. Performing Organization Report No. 7. Mortimer, R.G., Filkins, L.D., Lower, J.s., Kerlan, M.W., Post, D.V., Mudge, B., Rosenblatt, C. HSRI 71-119, HuF-9 k# 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. The University of Michigan Highway Safety Research Institute H Huron Parkway and Baxter Road H. Contract or Grant No. Ann Arbor, Mich. 48105 FH-11-7615 i 13 . Type of Report and Period Covered 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Interim Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 14, Sponsoring Agency Code Washington, D.C. 20590 15. Supplementary Notes if,. Abstract This report describes the development of a procedure to identify the problem drinker within a court setting. An extensive literature search was under taken to obtain tests and test-items which would discriminate the problem drinker ,from the social drinker. A self-administered Questionnaire and a face-to-face Interview were developed using these items and then administered to 297 control subjects and 192 problem drinkers. The answers were statistically analyzed for ability of the item to discriminate between the two groups. All items which did ♦ aot strongly discriminate were eliminated. The final Questionnaire consisted of 154 items and the Interview of 52 items. Double cross-validation was used to establish the concurrent validity of the Questionnaire and Interview. These val I idity coefficients were 0.849 and 0.917, respectively. A scoring procedure was developed to classify persons into one of three categories based on Questionnaire land Interview scores, as follows: problem drinker, presumptive problem drinker, !nonproblem drinker. Examination of the driving records of the control and alco holic samples showed that the alcoholics had significantly more violations and accidents. Therefore, such data can also be used to supplement the test scores tin reaching a diagnosis in persons scoring in the presumptive problem drinker category. A Manual was then developed for use by a court counselor which explains how to use the procedure, what related information to obtain, directions for scoring, and suggested general treatment possibilities. The Manual was tested on a small sample of persons convicted of DUIL, DWI and D & D offenses, t 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Problem drinker diagnosis Court procedures unlimited Drinking driver 19. Security Classif.(of this report) 20. Security Classif.(of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 178 i CONTENTS List of Tables List of Figures Summary of Work Completed and Objectives Acknowledgements Introduction . 1 Objective . 1 Overview of 'Procedures . 2 Methods . 3 Literature Review . 3 Previous Recorded History . 4 Medical Symptoms of Alcoholism. 17 Self-Report Information . 21 Interviewing Techniques . 39 Questionnaire Development . 46 Objective . 46 Criteria . 46 Procedure . 47 Interview Development . 48 Objective . 48 Criteria . 48 Procedure . 49 Administration of Questionnaire and Interview. 49 Subject Selection . 49 Driving Records . 51 Test Administration . 52 Results . 57 Analysis of Interview and Questionnaire Data . 57 Coding of Responses . 58 Item Analysis . 59 Test Validity . 60 Test Weightings . 62 iii Final Scoring Keys . 62 Final Test Battery Reliability . 79 Selection of Cut-Off Scores. 80 Scoring Keys and Scoring Method. 80 Analysis of Driving Records of Control and Alcoholic Samples . 81 Traffic Court Pilot Study . 84 r Appendix A: Review of the Literature on Medical Tests for the-Determination of Problem Drinking . 87 Appendix B: Sources for Questionnaire Items . 106 Appendix C: Rationale for the Selection of Questionnaire Items . 108 Appendix D: The Questionnaire (Form A) Used in the Validation Studies . 125 Appendix E: The Interview (Form B) Used in the Valida tion Studies . 131 References . 145 Bibliography . 157 iv LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1. Sample Driver Record of a DUIL Offender. TABLE 2. Age Distribution of Control and Problem Drinker Subjects, in Frequency and Percent. TABLE 3. Sex Distribution of Control and Problem Drinker Subjects, in Frequency and Percent. TABLE 4. Marital Status Distribution of Control and Problem Drinker'Subjects, in Frequency and Percent. TABLE 5. Regression Coefficients for Subscale Scores Using Criterion Group as Dependent Variable, Computed Separately for Subjects with Even and Odd Serial Numbers. TABLE 6. Means and Standard Deviations for Questionnaire, Interview and Total Scores for Scales Derived in Double Cross- Validation. TABLE 7. Means and Standard Deviations for Questionnaire, Interview, and Total Scores. TABLE 8. Means and Standard Deviations of Total Scores by Age of Criterion Groups. TABLE 9 Point Biserial Correlation Coefficients for Questionnaire, Interview and Total Scores with Criterion Group Membership Using the Final Key. TABLE 10. Point Biserial Correlation Coefficients for Questionnaire, Interview and Total Scores with Criterion Group Membership by Sex, Using the Final Key. TABLE 11. Percent of Alcoholics and Controls Having One or More of the Indicated Events on Their Driving Record. TABLE 12. Percent Distribution by Age of Alcoholics and Controls Used in the Driving Record Analysis. TABLE 13. Total Number of Various Events in the Driving Records of Court Sample by Diagnosed Group. TABLE 14. Age Distribution of Court Sample by Diagnosed Group. v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Discrimination of total scores (Questionnaire and Interview) of even-numbered control and alcoholic subjects, using the scoring keys developed from the odd-numbered subjects. Figure 2. Discrimination of total scores (Questionnaire and Interview) • of odd-numbered control and alcoholic subjects, using the scoring keys developed from the even-numbered subjects. Figure 3. Distribution of total scores (Questionnaire and Interview) r for control and alcoholic subjects. Figure 4. Distribution of total scores (Questionnaire and Interview) for male control and alcoholic subjects. Figure 5. Distribution of total scores (Questionnaire and Interview) for female control and alcoholic subjects. Figure 6. Distribution of total scores (Questionnaire and Interview) for control and alcoholic subjects, 16-25 years of age. Figure 7. Distribution of total scores (Questionnaire and Interview) for control and alcoholic subjects, 26-35 years of age. Figure 8. Distribution of total scores (Questionnaire and Interview) for control and alcoholic subjects, 36-45 years of age. Figure 9. Distribution of total scores (Questionnaire and Interview) for control and alcoholic subjects, 46-55 years of age. Figure 10. Distribution of total scores (Questionnaire and Interview) for control and alcoholic subjects, 56-65 years of age. Figure 11, Distribution of total scores (Questionnaire and Interview) for control and alcoholic subjects, over 66 years of age. Figure 12. Distribution of Questionnaire scores for control and alcoholic subjects. Figure 13. Distribution of Interview scores for control and alcoholic subjects. a Figure 14. Discrimination of total scores (Questionnaire and Interview) between controls and alcoholics. Figure 15. Discrimination of total scores (Questionnaire and Interview) between male controls and alcoholics. vi Figure 16. Discrimination of total scores (Questionnaire and Interview) between female controls and alcoholics. Figure 17. Discrimination of the Questionnaire between controls and alcoholics. Figure 18. Discrimination of the Interview between controls and alcoholics. A Vii SUMMARY OF WORK COMPLETED AND OBJECTIVES This report describes the activities-and findings of Phase I of the project. The work involved an extensive updating of the reviewed literature, the additions of pertinent new material, the development and validation of a Questionnaire and Interview pro tocol whose objective is to aid the court presentence investigator to identify problem drinkers, and the composition of a Manual for use by the court.personnel which describes the technique and its background. In Phase II the Manual was screened by a number of experts, revised as necessary, and then put to use in traffic courts to evaluate its practicality and effectiveness. The Manual itself is not described in this report. It is provided in separate reports under this project and is in three volumes. viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research program was carried out by staff members of the Human Factors and Systems Analysis Departments at the Highway Safety Research Institute. The program was under the joint direction of Dr. R. G. Mortimer, Human Factors, and Mr. L. Filkins, Systems Analysis. Dr. J.S. Lower and Mr. D. Post were responsible for some sections of the literature review, for Questionnaire development, planning the data collection phases and data

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